House with attic and veranda. Projects of country houses with an attic. Examples of interior design of houses with an attic inside

Buying a summer cottage is just the beginning. It needs to be planned, to choose the best house, to develop a general concept for its design. In this article we will consider a variety of projects of country houses. From the smallest for one room, to very roomy - for 100 squares of usable area.

With veranda and terrace

When choosing the layout of a country house, they often try to find a project with a veranda or terrace. Such a covered area is good not only for relaxing or dining outdoors. On a rainy or hot day, under a canopy, you can do a lot of things that you can’t do because of the large amount of garbage in the premises.

On a common foundation

Projects of country houses with a veranda have a small area: the smallest are 6 * 4 meters in size, and the veranda is 2 meters on the long side, and the house itself is 4 * 4 meters or 16 square meters (taking into account the thickness of the walls even less).

Another option is one room, in which there is space for several kitchen cabinets and a stove, there is a small dining table and there is a bed. This layout is ideal for one person. Two people will feel good in it. There is no bathroom in this option, so you will have to separate it.

The layout of a country house of a small area (up to 40 meters) is quite simple: usually these are two rooms, the first of which is used as a kitchen and dining room at the same time. Most of the time it is a pass. The second room is living. More or less comfortably accommodate two beds here. So the projects of country houses with an attic of 6 * 4 meters are designed for 1-2 people.

If the construction budget is very limited, consider projects for country houses with a pitched roof. They are unusual for our country, but the cost of a roof with a small area is much less. You just need to choose the right one (taking into account the amount of snow cover).

A medium-sized country house is shown in the photo above. The project is interesting in that the veranda here was originally “winter”, glazed. Most owners of open verandas come to the need to glaze it, but for a pleasant pastime in the air. In this project, the veranda is a continuation of the living room, but a partition can be installed here. In general, a convenient and comfortable house with a traditional layout, all rooms are separate, there is a bathroom, a fenced-off corridor. All conditions for year-round living.

On a separate foundation

Please note that the above projects of country houses with a veranda have a common foundation. This is reliable, since even with spring heaving of the soil there will be no movement. But the cost of the foundation is significant. Therefore, such an approach is justified on complex soils prone to heaving. In normal soils, you can make a veranda on a separate, disconnected and lightweight (usually columnar or pile) foundation. One such project is presented below.

In general, a veranda can be attached to any building. It can be laid at the design stage, or it can be attached after (as happens very often).

Small country house 6 * 4.5 with a veranda on a separate foundation

The veranda can completely occupy one of the sides of the house, it can cover two or even three of its sides. But there are options with a small open area (as in the photo above). The foundation in this case may be separate, but there will not be much savings. For example, in the above project, only 1.1 meters of the “main foundation” were “won”.

We are so accustomed to comfort that even in the country we do not want to have "conveniences in the yard." For many, the main selection criterion is the availability of a bathroom. Even the need does not scare them. Not all projects of country houses of a small area can boast of such an "excess", but some have a bathroom (toilet and shower).

with attic

The idea to increase living space at the expense comes up often. It is believed that construction costs do not increase much, since most of the superstructure is a modified roof. In reality, if the attic is used all year round, the difference in the price tag for a two-story house and a one-story house with an attic will be small. After all, it must be taken into account that the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe attic floor is much smaller, and the costs will be high, since good heat, sound, vapor barrier is required.

Attics under a gable roof

A country house with a summer attic is really cheap. But at the same time, it must be taken into account that on sunny days without insulation it will be too hot there, so thermal insulation is still necessary, but not as “serious” as for winter operation.

A country house with a summer attic is really cheap. But at the same time, it must be taken into account that on sunny days without insulation it will be too hot there, so thermal insulation is still necessary, but not as “serious” as for winter operation.

The projects of country houses presented above are intended for seasonal visits. They provide only living rooms. In the room on the first floor, you can organize a kitchenette.

Below is the layout of a small garden or country house measuring 5 by 5 meters with a separate kitchen. Please note that the porch is attached and is not on the plan.

All these houses are designed as frame houses. With slight modifications, these projects will work for houses made of any other material. Only it will be necessary to take into account the thickness of the walls, choose the right foundation.

If desired, the covered veranda can be made open. However, the opposite usually happens. Having built an open one, it is glazed or driven out to half the wall, single frames are installed. If you want fresh air, you can always open the windows, and the area can be set aside for a summer dining room or kitchen.

How to increase the area of ​​​​the attic floor

All projects of country houses with an attic floor are made under a gable roof. This is good in the sense that the snow will not linger on such steep slopes. The second plus is a simple truss system. Minus - a small area of ​​\u200b\u200ba “full-fledged” room at the top. Too much wasted space around the edges. There you can make cabinets, but this area is unsuitable for housing.

If it is important for you to increase the living space, the roof can be made broken. It is more difficult to construct and more expensive, but the area of ​​​​the premises on the attic floor is much larger.

Another way to increase the area is to drive the walls above the level of the first floor. They say to build "one and a half floors." This option is good for cottages that are visited during the cold season. The roof can be made as you like, but a large area of ​​\u200b\u200brooms still turns out under a broken line.

An example of a one and a half floor

When choosing a project for a country house with an attic for periodic visits, it is better to make the attic cold, and make the ceiling insulated. On the stairs leading to the second floor, it is necessary to provide a door / cover that will enclose the upper tier. Otherwise, heating will take a lot of fuel and time. In winter, there are usually fewer people, visits are short-term. Warming up both floors is too long and expensive, so it's not a bad solution.

Projects of two-story country houses

Building a two-story house is not such an expensive undertaking. The foundation is still needed one, albeit more powerful, but its cost does not increase twice, but by 60%. The dimensions and insulation of the roof do not depend on the number of storeys at all, so there is no need to increase investments here. Wall costs are added - their area is twice as large, but in general, the cost per square meter of area is cheaper than when building a similar one-story dwelling. Because many are looking for projects of two-story cottages.

The project of a small two-story house for a summer residence with an attached garage: living area 100 sq. m, total 127 sq. m, garage for one car

The above project is designed for aerated concrete or ceramic building blocks. Suitable for elongated areas. The attached garage is very convenient to use - you can get into the house from the garage. Another plus: this option saves space on the site, and it is always small in the country, no matter how large the plot you have.

In this layout option, a spacious terrace is supposed to be on the back of the house. It is not included in the total area of ​​the house. An interesting design makes the house different from others: a large one-and-a-half-story window, a cubic-shaped garage and a shed in front of the house do not affect the price tag too much, but make the house unique.

Another two-storey cottage project with a garage attached to the side is presented above. This option is more suitable for square or wide areas. Building spot in plan - 10 * 10 meters, living area - 108 square meters. The high windows on the second floor give this house an unusual look. The selection of finishing materials, a combination of light beige and brown colors, also contributes. All in all, an interesting project.

A non-standard type of two-story house with a balcony that encircles the entire building. On the back side there is a large open terrace. The roof is hipped, which complicates the construction, but gives the building a special flavor.

With a bath

For many, the dacha is associated with a bath. The bath, of course, can be built separately, but it is long and expensive. In a country house of medium size, it is quite possible to take the room under the steam room. It is usually done with an entrance from the bathroom / bathroom, since water procedures are necessary. For true bathers, there should still be an exit to the street nearby: so that you can quickly cool off in a river or an outdoor pool.

The minimum dimensions of the steam room are 2 * 2 meters, the optimal ones are 3 * 3. Such premises can be entered even in houses of a small area, but the amount of living space will decrease. If there should still be enough rooms, you can consider the option with an attic floor. One such example is pictured below.

Pay attention to the layout. The first thing to focus on is that the stove is installed in such a way that it is heated from the next room. In this case, it's the rest room. The option is not too good, since the entrance is far away. You will have to carry firewood across the room, which is inconvenient and usually fraught with a lot of garbage.

Another drawback: in the above version there is no kitchen. For country life, this is a solid drawback. A kitchen corner can be arranged in a large room, placed exclusively upstairs in the bedrooms. Another planning option is to make a kitchen in the current “furnace / rest room”. Resting is more convenient in a large room. After taking a shower, it is convenient to go there.

Small and inexpensive

Small dachas are usually designed for the most inexpensive construction technologies. In our country, this is frame technology and wooden houses. Approximately in the same category, houses made of porous building blocks (,). But they are still not that popular.

Projects of country houses for frame technology

Small country houses are usually built using frame technology. , you can buy ready - prefabricated. These are two technologies that, with minimal cost and time, allow you to have a good country house.

To optimize the budget for building a country house, look for projects whose foundation on the plan is a rectangle or square. The presence of any protrusions leads to an increase in the cost per square meter. Not only do the costs of the foundation increase, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe walls increases, and, therefore, the cost of them. The roof is also more expensive - the truss system is more complicated, there are more complex nodes.

Layout of a country house 6 * 4 with a kitchen, a toilet, a summer veranda

Another point for those who plan to visit the cottage in the winter. So that when walking back and forth, warm air does not “run away” from the house, it is advisable to make an entrance with a vestibule. If the area does not allow it to be built-in, make an extension. This will greatly reduce fuel consumption and time to warm up the house.

Beam and log

One of the most common building materials in our camp: timber and logs. The advantage is that a small country house is being built very quickly. Minus - with prolonged shrinkage (from six months to a year, depending on the initial moisture content of the log and climatic conditions). Until the end of the period of active shrinkage, finishing work is not worth it, which delays the possibility of operating the building. This does not apply to standing log cabins (ready-made kits) or glued beams. But the price is solid (two times) for such options is higher.

A small country house made of 4 * 4 timber is a very simple project

If we talk about the smallest country houses, then they are 4 by 4 meters in size. Doing less just doesn't make sense. The layout in this case is quite simple: it is just one room. They can differ only in the orientation to the cardinal points, the number and location of windows. More doors can be located in the middle or on the side. Everything. Options are over.

A little more in area will be a house of 6 * 4 meters. Here, in a "pure" form, we have about 22 squares of area, place 14-15 in the previous version. The layout still does not differ in variety, but it is already possible to fence off the kitchen area.

If we talk about optimal costs, then the above projects of country houses are not the best option. The fact is that timber or log cottages are best done 6 * 6 in plan. The fact is that the standard length of both timber and logs is 6 meters. If the walls of your house are smaller, you need to either look for a non-standard of a suitable length, or saw off the excess from the standard ones. Yes, non-standard costs much less, but you will have to look for it at different sawmills. Even at the largest sawmill, it is more than difficult to find timber or logs 4-5 meters long in sufficient quantity for construction. So you have to "iron" all nearby. It is difficult to say what the quality of the material will be in this case. Although, if it doesn’t “burn” with you, you can buy the same non-standard logs for several years, put them in piles, bringing them to operational humidity. All in all, this is a good plan. It just takes a lot of time to implement.

Do you know why a one-story house with an attic is functional and remains at the peak of popularity for decades? I will share the features that you did not know about yet. I think you look at such houses in a new way.

The history of the attic and their features

For the first time living quarters under the roof appeared in France in the 17th century. Such housing was cheap and was popular with writers, artists, poets, entertainers, and other creative types.

It is no longer exotic. The know-how of the architects of the past is used not so much in high-rise housing construction, but to a greater extent by the owners of private houses. The equipment of such premises has its own advantages and features.

Repair and placement of rooms can be postponed until later. First, equip the first floor, celebrate the housewarming, and then take on the upper room. However, in this case, it is necessary to immediately carry out communications upstairs:

• light;
• water;
• sewerage;
• the Internet.

You will not have to disturb the finishing of the lower floor in the future.

How to choose projects of houses with attic rooms?

Before you start construction, you need to decide: what is better to build an additional floor or arrange rooms in the attic. The choice depends on the planned financial investments. The owners decide if they need additional rooms, a personal cinema or a creative office.

Attics inside are decorated in different ways:

Roofs are symmetrical and with different slopes. What is a good project? There are several criteria. It must match:

• The climate of the area. For the northern regions, choose options with thick walls, organize good insulation. In the southern regions, open terraces and ventilation are provided.
• The decoration of the facade fits into the surrounding area and corresponds to the landscape design of the site.

• The soil is examined and a geodetic survey of the site is made. This is especially true for areas with high groundwater, sandy soil, hilly areas, freezing soils.
• The house should be comfortable for all residents, regardless of age and habits.
• Communications and engineering networks do not interfere with movement, organization of decoration.

On a note

Psychologists warn: low ceilings create a feeling of a closed, cramped space. Some people experience anxiety if they stay in a room with low ceilings and sloping walls for a long time. Therefore, place rooms in the attic in which they are not often and for a long time.

To properly connect the decoration of the whole house and the attic, use the ladder. This helps to make all rooms comfortable and functional. You and only you need to decide which rooms can be placed on the top floor. To do this, it is necessary to consider various projects.

How does the overall layout of the house affect the organization of the attic?

First, let's figure out what an attic is. By definition, these are rooms for living and utility rooms located under the roof. This is no ordinary attic. The height at the highest point cannot be lower than human height.

Which rooms are better placed in the attic floor:

• Cabinets.
• Bedrooms.
• Children's, including games.
• Home cinemas.
• Creative workshops for painting, applied arts, modeling, etc.
• Additional living room.
• If roof windows are installed, plants for the winter garden can be placed.
• Wardrobe.
• Gym.

To make it comfortable to be and move in the attic - 50% of the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room is made higher than human growth. Otherwise, you will not feel comfortable, the room will not be functional and comfortable. And some people will feel uncomfortable.

Is it possible to combine different styles?

It must be remembered that the attic is part of the living space of the house. Therefore, when choosing finishing materials and direction, one cannot make radical decisions.. As an option, the first floor is decorated in one of the styles: hi-tech, minimalism, Japanese, kitsch. You wanted to make the top one original and you decided to decorate it in the style of Madame Pompadour's bedroom - blue and gold, a lot of artsy details. Result: diverse rooms will not be in harmony with each other.

Advice

To avoid dissonance, choose the same color scheme, wallpaper, decor, furniture that follows the contours, style of each other.

Otherwise, the house turns into a museum of various styles, but you will not feel comfortable.

This does not mean that you need to buy the same furniture with similar facades, paint (conditionally) all the walls blue or paste over with striped wallpaper. The main principle: basic colors and elements should be repeated fragmentarily in different rooms.

The exception is the hygiene rooms. In these intimate areas, it is permissible to deviate from the general direction, use bright, rich colors and laconic furniture. Even if they differ from the general surroundings of other rooms.

A similar option for children. If the child has not reached adolescence, they often make repairs: they change wallpaper, furniture. This is necessary so that the baby develops harmoniously, and the furniture is appropriate for his age.

Open plan lovers can apply two decorating principles:

• Functional areas that are viewed among themselves are drawn up in a single key. Choose the same shape pieces of furniture, design. Thus, they provide a harmonious transition between rooms. The house becomes stylish and functional.
• For different rooms choose finishing materials with a similar pattern, texture. However, they differ in color, saturation of tone. In one room they combine furniture with laconic forms and classic artsy elements. In fact, eclecticism is created, which involves the combination of different styles. This approach is often used in the design of houses for country holidays.

Advantages of a 10 by 10 m house for organizing comfortable rooms

Square houses are most suitable for organization on the top floor of the attic. In this case, it is possible to organize not only two full-fledged rooms, but also a small vestibule or corridor for isolating the premises.

The square house looks harmonious. It is easier to make interior layout in them. On the ground floor there is a living room, a kitchen, a nursery (if there are small children in the family). And in the attic part - bedrooms for adults and teenagers, an office or other additional rooms.

If the owners choose the studio option, then neoclassical styles can be used for interior decoration:

• empire;
• classic;
• baroque;
• eclecticism;
• modern.

The interior of a large room will not be overloaded with classic details.

Good lighting will be provided by windows cut into the roof. They can be part of the roof slope or create a vertical structure for window frames. In this case, the house acquires elements that decorate the building.

Not necessarily this element is located near the central door. Verandas located on the side of the garden or plot help to organize a good rest and relaxation with a view of nature. In this case, an alpine hill, an artificial reservoir, and night lighting are created behind the house. The site acquires interesting elements, and the family rests in comfort.

Houses with an attic and a garage - convenience and functionality

One of the more popular options. Such buildings look compact and holistic.

Finish:

• decoration with various materials;
• coloring;
• plaster;
• the roof is made the same.

Residents of the northern regions get rid of problems with cars. It does not need to warm up for a long time before leaving. In this case, it is easier to organize heating. Even if you do not plan to heat the garage, the heat from the house is transferred to this room and it is warmer inside than outside. No need to go outside to get into the garage. This becomes relevant in the cold and in rainy weather.

During construction, a vestibule room is created and a reliable and powerful ventilation system is organized. Automobile exhaust gases do not enter living quarters.

Advice

Do not litter the garage with old things. It is better to organize a pantry in the basement or semi-basement.

Even before starting the construction of such a multifunctional complex, think about how not to make a mistake:

• The garage needs easy access.
• It should not be located in a lowland, otherwise rain, melt water will get inside.
• The driveway should have a rough surface so that there are no problems in slushy weather and during ice.
• Decide whether the garage will be heated or not, so that later you do not have to do additional heating installation and change the heating boiler to a more powerful one.
• The entrance to the house must be well lit.
• There should be convenient garage doors so that they do not interfere with the entrance area.

Features of the placement and layout of houses 12 by 12 m

It is risky to place such buildings on small household plots. On the one hand, the neighbors “will look into the windows”, on the other hand, you will not have free land. This is worth taking into account. Even if you are not a fan of intensive or other farming, many people want to have flowers, ornamental shrubs, or fruit trees. After all, without them, the house turns into a large apartment.

In such houses, it is easy to make three or four full-fledged rooms in the attic floor. But in this case, you need to take care of the lighting. There are enough small windows in the bedrooms. In a home theater it is possible without them, but a nursery, an office, a rest room, a winter garden need large windows.

Advice

The partitions of the upper rooms must be complete. Do not agree to the proposal of the foremen of construction teams to reduce the cost of construction and make plasterboard partitions. This technique does not provide sufficient sound insulation.

House up to 100 sq.m. - what shape of the box and roof should I choose?

There are a large number of house projects less than 100 sq.m. Such offers help fulfill the wishes of the owners. They have enough rooms. Taking into account the rooms in the attic, the family receives additional living space.

In the attic there are bedrooms, full-fledged dressing rooms, cabinets with a library, playrooms for children, and exercise machines are installed. You can provide a pantry for household appliances.

If guests often come to you or relatives in the attic organize guest rooms with bathrooms. In this case, the furniture is more modest than in the main living rooms. But do not raise old furniture to the top. The house should be harmonious and stylish.

You have a teenager in your family and he wants to have his own living space - the attic provides such an opportunity. If the family is small, then you can give him the entire upper “floor” and he will feel like an adult, and you can control what he is doing at any time.

One-story brick houses with an attic

Brick is traditionally used in construction. There are many house projects. They are different in size and shape. If you like variety, choose the construction of two types of bricks. This way you will avoid banality, and the house will acquire zest.

With a terrace on the attic floor

In order to organize a terrace in the attic floor, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house must be at least 100 m². In this case, the upper rooms have sufficient area and the open space harmoniously fits into the appearance of the building.

Terrace - a small, cozy corner

In such a house, you can organize a terrace on the top floor that comes out of the attic. You will be provided with a good place for rest and relaxation. A good addition will be a magnificent view of the surrounding nature.

Velux GDL Cabrio balcony windows provide an interesting opportunity. They have two structural elements. The lower part moves outward, forward and the railing automatically appears. And the top one opens up and is set at 45º.

Balcony windows - a non-standard solution

If you organize a terrace at the top of the house, apply a few tips:

• Do it with a roof.
• Instead of a wall between the terrace and the room, install a glass partition with a door to provide sufficient lighting.
• The floor of the terrace should not be slippery, otherwise injuries cannot be avoided.
• Choose furniture for her that has antifungal treatment of wooden parts and removable pillows, mattresses.

We list the advantages of building buildings from foam blocks:

• Foam blocks are larger than bricks. Accelerates the construction of frames.
• The blocks have a strict geometry. The masonry turns out to be even, glue is saved during the masonry process, the seams are minimal.
• Foamed concrete houses give the effect of a thermos. Houses are warm in winter and cool in summer. There is no need to do additional thermal insulation.
• Houses are operated for a long time without repair.
• Not afraid of moisture, resists mold.
• Does not burn.
• The blocks are not affected by temperature changes and humidity.

Blocks cut well. This makes it possible to implement various projects with an interesting roof shape.

If desired, the walls can be plastered, painted, decorated with facade materials:

• natural and artificial stone;
• brick;
• siding;
• tiles.

From a bar with an attic - a return to historical beauty

I will not list all the advantages of natural material houses. Let's talk about the main thing. Ecological cleanliness, the houses have good thermal insulation, fresh air inside all rooms.

Houses from a bar with an attic look holistically and harmoniously. Their appearance is reminiscent of the past. Such buildings are built using modern technology, special materials for wood processing, caulking log cabins. Therefore, they serve for a long time, do not lose their attractiveness and help maintain health.

With an attic, lined with decorative bricks

Often the main decoration of such houses are complex-shaped roofs with attractive roofing material. But more on that below. If a project with a laconic roof is chosen, then decorative brick will help to decorate the facade.

So that the house does not look boring, models of different textures, colors, sizes are used. For example, corners, window framing, doorways are decorated with dark brick, and the main part is light. Fans of creativity, dream up a little.

Instead of the usual decoration with vertical columns, line the corners in the form of steps. “Break” large areas with fragmentary patches of several decorative bricks. Thus, the house acquires a rustic exclusivity. It becomes attractive and unusual.

With attic and bay window

A wonderful option for lovers of natural beauty. If you are bored with the usual standard rectangular houses, then this project will be perfect. What are the features? This architectural feature has nothing to do with balconies and loggias. The bay window protrudes beyond the main building, but at the same time forms one whole with it.

This feature makes it possible to create rooms of an unusual shape. In the bay windows they place a table for tea drinking, doing favorite things, living plants. Living rooms with such an element acquire noble luxury.

For attic rooms, bay windows are a great opportunity to organize good natural lighting. In this case, there is no overhanging roof above the protruding part, which “steals” sunlight.

Advice

For a bay window, order double-glazed windows with high thermal insulation properties. They must correspond to the region of construction. Thus, you will avoid heat loss in winter and ensure coolness in summer.

Important Details

Let's take a look at the details to pay attention to. What is important to consider at the construction stage, and what is better not to use? Further in more detail.

Heating

To avoid heat loss even at the construction stage, high-quality insulating material is laid, communications are laid, heating devices are installed. But these rooms have their own characteristics.

If the rooms are used irregularly, install temperature controllers on the batteries. Use gas, electric convectors that have temperature sensors that automatically regulate the temperature. This will help save coolant, electricity or gas.

Battery - as an option for heating

For small rooms with a steep roof slope, underfloor heating will be optimal: water or electric. In this case, heating devices do not spoil the interior and it is easier to arrange furniture.

Attic lighting

If it is not possible to install full windows, then you need to take care of good lighting. Thus, safety and comfort are guaranteed. The organization of lighting depends on the functions of the rooms that are located in the attic. You have planned the bedrooms, including the guest rooms, then enough sconces, nightlights, ceiling spotlights.

For offices, children's rooms, the approach is different. You can't ruin your eyesight. Therefore, there should be enough light. Chandeliers, table lamps with a directed stream of light will help with this. Lamps choose housekeepers with a range of rays close to natural.

Do not leave stairs, vestibules and corridors unlit. An interesting opportunity is given by LED strips fixed under the steps. They determine the direction of movement and do not use much electricity.

Ventilation

Some owners think that budget blind window options can be installed in the attic. As a result, there is no natural ventilation. The consequences can be irreversible: condensation collects, the rafters begin to rot and the roof gradually collapses.

Install windows with transoms, air conditioning or supply and exhaust ventilation. You will always have fresh air, and structural elements are not affected by moisture and fungus.

Roofs with attic

There are no strict rules on what form to choose a roof for organizing attic rooms. The main condition: to provide sufficient height for comfortable movement in the premises. This does not mean that the whole room has to be high.

In the side parts, which below make roomy and functional cabinets with shelves, they place bedside tables or simply sew them up. In the latter case, the area becomes smaller. However, the cleaning of the room is facilitated (no nooks and crannies).

Even a gable laconic roof does not become an obstacle to the exploitation of the attic space. Applying the tips that were given in this article, it is easy to organize lighting and heating.

Stairs - high art

It is necessary to dwell on this structural element in more detail. This is not only a necessary part of the house. Stairs give dynamics to the interior of the house. When choosing a model, think about what style is chosen as the basis.

Advice

The staircase should not block the light and create a gloomy zone.

Take into account how much space it takes up. It is necessary to organize a convenient approach in it. And in the attic at the exit there should not be beams, sloping walls. Otherwise, injury cannot be avoided.

In small houses, do not install heavy structures with carved balusters and railings. They attract undue attention to themselves and “steal” living space. The fashion trend of recent years: stairs with a support system on the bolts. Boltsy (translated from German - a rod, a bolt) are support nodes that guarantee the rigidity and reliability of the entire structure.

They are completely weightless and light. Such designs are indispensable in a bay window, a limited space with curved walls. It is these walls that are most often found in houses with attics.

They do not create a load on the floor slabs, they are easily repaired. Despite the elegance, they are reliable and can withstand heavy loads. The stairs can be adjusted if the building shrinks, so they are indispensable for wooden buildings.

The use of such structures is not a dogma. Stairs with classic elements are applicable even in modern interiors. The main principle is to observe moderation.

Advice

The space under the stairs is used to store clothes and shoes, organize shelves for books, favorite decorative items.

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We touched on various aspects of the attic, organization of communications, decoration, talked about projects. Summarize.

Consider the pros. Houses with attics are cheaper than buildings of similar size with full floors. Such houses have their own attractive "face" (there are many original projects). Instead of an attic room for storing unnecessary things, stylish, cozy rooms are created.

Some cons. In order to create full-fledged premises, the lower floor should be 1.5 - 2 times larger than the attic in area, which is difficult to implement in small areas. Such houses have a roof of complex shape and configuration. Good air conditioning and organization of additional lighting (for example, on the roof) is necessary.

VIDEO: Choosing a house with an attic

With an attic houses with a full second floor. Houses with an attic have some important advantages; such buildings can be adapted for both year-round and seasonal use.

Advantages of a house with an attic

Why is a country house with an attic better than an ordinary two-story one?

• An attic instead of a second floor significantly reduces heating costs in winter.
• Building a second floor is more expensive than making an attic.
• Above the second floor, it will be necessary to build an attic, which, as a rule, is little used, but this additional room also needs to be maintained.
• The attic with sloping ceilings formed by the slopes of the roof allows you to create an interesting unique interior.
• In the attic, you can make windows of an unusual shape (semicircular, triangular), additionally equip a balcony.

What to build from

For the construction of small private houses, you can now choose various materials. Most often used

• prefabricated frame-panel blocks,
• foam blocks,
• wood: log or beam,
• brick.

Each of these materials has its pros and cons.

Frame-panel panels

Such houses are assembled as a designer. All details are made to order on an individual project, there are also ready-made projects of typical country houses with an attic of different sizes: 6x6, 6x8, 9x9 and so on. Frame-panel blocks weigh a little, so heavy equipment is not needed to assemble the house, and the foundation can be made lightweight. Another important plus is smooth walls and no shrinkage. For decoration, you can use almost any material.

Tree

Wooden houses are built from sanded or rounded logs. The latter is more even, but does not have a natural protection against moisture. The disadvantage of this material is strong shrinkage. To reduce the time of work, chamber-drying logs are used. Wooden houses are environmentally friendly, a healthy microclimate is established in them. The tree looks beautiful, so you can get by with minimal decoration inside. Important! The thicker the log, the better its thermal insulation properties. For a house where they live all year round, the diameter of the logs should be at least 25 cm.

Also, profiled timber is used for construction. Compared to a log, it is easier to build from it, it has already been processed, dried, and therefore does not shrink. The beam retains the appearance and environmental friendliness of natural wood. You can build a beautiful house according to the project with an attic and a veranda.

Foam blocks

This material is relatively inexpensive, therefore it is often used for the construction of small country houses with an attic. Foam blocks weigh a little, and thanks to their large size, construction is fast. Due to the presence of air inside, they hold heat well. Various materials can be used to decorate walls made of foam blocks.

Attic roof structure

Regardless of the size of the cottage, the attic is arranged in approximately the same way. This room is located directly under the roof, through which heat is constantly exchanged, and more intensively than through the walls. Therefore, it is important to properly insulate and waterproof the roof. In winter, it is here that all the moist air rises when the lower floor is heated. It is better to use the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe second floor if you provide for the project not a gable, but the so-called sloping roof. For a more interesting appearance, you can make a roof of complex shape, for example, this one.

Usually, mineral wool is used as a heater, it is laid between the rafters, a crate of boards is made from below. In order for the insulation to perform its function, it must remain dry. Therefore, a vapor barrier film or foil isol is attached to the crate. Under the upper floor, on the contrary, there is a vapor-permeable film, which will help to remove moisture from the insulation. From above, a counter-lattice and a transverse crate are made, roofing material is mounted on them. Typically, the rafters are made from a 150 mm beam, and the lower crate from a 22 mm board. It is also important to insulate the gables and valleys (internal corners-gutters between the slopes), if any. All layers of thermal and waterproofing are shown in the figure.

What is important to know when planning

The first thing you should pay attention to when creating a 6x6 or 6x8 house project with an attic is whether it is intended for year-round or only seasonal use. The number of residents and the possibility of guests arriving are also important. In the latter case, the plan will need to include a guest bedroom and possibly a separate bathroom. Bathrooms are best done combined, and not in the form of separate bathrooms and toilets. In small houses it is better not to make a corridor, a small hallway is enough, and the rooms can communicate directly. The place under the roof slopes can be used for cabinets, pantries.

You can draw a cottage project with an attic both on paper and in modern computer programs. With their help, you can create a three-dimensional model of the house, as in the video.

House 6x6 meters

As a rule, country houses or garden houses are made of this size. A 6x6 house is not a very large structure, so it is important that it does not look cramped and cluttered from the inside.

Ground floor layout

Let's give an example of a 6x6 country house project with an attic. There are three main rooms on the ground floor: an entrance hall, a kitchen-dining room and a bathroom. The hallway is often made large enough and a staircase is placed in it. The average size of the rooms is 3x3 meters. You can place a living room on the ground floor, then the kitchen will become a separate room, you can also equip an office.

It is important to use the space under the stairs - it can be up to 2 m3, so you can equip a place to store things there. The ladder is made at least 1 m wide - this will allow two people to safely disperse on it. Under a large staircase, you can even make a library, as in the photo.

Second floor layout

In the attic, you need to plan the rooms in such a way that the stairs do not go into any of them, but into a small common hall. This will help create the privacy you need, especially if you are planning guest rooms. Below is a project of the second floor of a country house with an attic, in which there are three bedrooms. In this option, a bathroom is not provided in the attic.

House 6x8

The area of ​​this house is larger, which allows you to accommodate all the necessary premises. Its layout is not much different from the layout of a 6x6 house.

Ground floor layout

On the ground floor you can place a dining room, an entrance hall, a bathroom. This is the basic option, taking into account individual preferences, you can make an office, living room and other rooms here. In the project shown in the photo, part of the area is allocated for a terrace.

Second floor layout

In the project of a country house with a 6x8 attic shown below in the photo, the attic is not located above the entire first floor, part of which is occupied by an entrance hall and a veranda.

Even in a small country house there should be at least a kitchen and a rest room. If you plan to spend the whole summer outside the city, in addition to often receive guests, it makes sense to build a full-fledged building with all the amenities. We invite you to consider photos of projects of country houses.

Basic requirements of SNiP

For a building located on a garden plot, the requirements are less stringent than for a residential building. However, if during the construction process you create discomfort for your neighbors, you may be forced to demolish an already finished building.

Therefore, before choosing a project, you should familiarize yourself with the basic requirements of SNiP:

• even in a small area, the building can only be located at a distance of 3 m from the neighboring fence
• the minimum distance from the public area (road) is also 3 m, and if there is a passage, 5 m
• if there are other buildings on your site, in order to reduce the risk of their ignition, the distance between block or stone buildings is left at least 6 m, between the stone and wooden buildings 10 m, if both buildings are wooden - 15 m; when using wood only as a ceiling - 8 m
• in the presence of a nearby power line, the distance from it is from 10 m; from the high-voltage line it is even more up to 40 m
• a certain distance (up to 4 m) must also be retreated from tree trunks, 2 m is enough from undersized trees.

Don't forget about building density. With the standard size of a summer cottage of 6-10 acres, you have the right to occupy no more than 30% of the area with buildings.

The territory must necessarily have a mesh or lattice fence 1.5 m high. Deaf fences are allowed only if this is agreed by the meeting of gardening members or both neighbors have agreed to this.

Is any permission needed?

According to Art. 51, paragraph 1, part 17 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, if the building is not intended for permanent residence, a special building permit is not required. But in order to obtain ownership of an already built garden house, as well as other outbuildings, you will need to issue a cadastral passport and register with the Registration Chamber (according to a simplified scheme).

If it is planned to erect a residential building on the garden plot with the right to register in it, then it will be necessary to obtain a special permit signed by the executive authorities and a building passport. As well as permission from the fire department. In the future, you will also need to register ownership of the building.

Even a small building should last long enough

To make the country house as comfortable as possible, you should listen to the opinion of experts:

• no matter how much you would like to build something unusual on your site, with little construction experience it is better to stop at a universal project that has already been tested over the years
• when planning, you should immediately determine the size of the rooms and their location; this will immediately determine the supply of communications (sewage and water supply), which are laid even at the stage of foundation construction
• in order to save your own money, the design of even a temporary building must be thought out so that in the future it can be used as a bathhouse, barn or summer kitchen
• be sure to consider the possibility of further extension to the building of additional premises: verandas, terraces, baths and other buildings
• even in a small house it is worth providing not only a rest room, but also a kitchen area
• in the absence of other buildings, a separate place should be allocated for placing garden tools
• the building must be durable enough to last at least 25-30 years

How much will construction cost?

Regardless of the size of the future garden house, before starting construction, you will need to calculate the cost of its construction. To do this, you need to consider:

• Main settings: length, width and height of the building
• type of foundation and its height
• type of materials used for the construction of walls, and their thickness
• roof type
• materials used for flooring
• dimensions of each room
• heating methods (if it is planned)
• types of finishing materials
• communication methods: electricity, sewerage, etc.

There are enough programs on the net that can calculate the approximate cost of building any type of building. Most of them have a free trial period. You can also use online calculators for calculations. Please note that the cost of materials in them may differ from those applicable in your area of ​​​​residence.

Since prices in the process of building a country house can rise if the construction is planned for a long time, in the estimate it is better to lay a margin of at least 10-20% of the total cost. When calculating the cost, do not forget that such “little things” as roofing bolts, self-tapping screws, primer, plaster will also require considerable expenses.

It is better to purchase materials in one place - bulk purchase will be much cheaper.

Site selection

Choosing the best location on the site

First you need to draw up a plan of the estate on a scale and mark the cardinal points on it. We immediately mark on it existing buildings and large plants that are not subject to demolition. We shade all restricted areas on the plan (distances from the fence, power lines, etc.).

You should also not place the building near compost pits and a toilet - at the slightest breath of a breeze, unpleasant odors will enter the house. We mark favorable zones with dotted lines. Try to plan the site in such a way that even after construction there is room for outbuildings (if required), recreation areas, for example, a pool, gazebos, playgrounds, etc.

In addition to the distances from neighboring buildings and the road established by SNiP, one should also focus on other factors:

• it is better to place a country house closer to access roads and sources of communications: loading and unloading crops and household items will not become a big problem in this case, and connecting to electricity and other communications will cost less
• wind direction: so that the building does not dry out quickly, do not place windows and doors from the side of the prevailing winds
• when the windows go south or east, the room will quickly overheat in the summer, it is better if the sun hits them in the afternoon
• so that groundwater does not destroy the foundation of the building, the house is located on the highest place; in wetlands, if there is no alternative, you will need to consider a reliable drainage system and waterproofing the foundation
• pay attention to the appearance from the window, because comfort always consists of such trifles.

Don't rush into choosing a project. Start development at least six months before construction begins, so that you have the opportunity to think it through thoroughly and take your time to make calculations.

We draw up a project

Of course, a country house project can be ordered from a specialized organization, but the prices for such services are considerable. When building a small house, it is much easier to use ready-made schemes, which abound on the network, and supplement them with your own calculations.

Building plan

You will need several drawings. The first with the designation of the location of all rooms, the entrance and window openings, as well as the thickness of the walls and partitions. The second figure shows the layout of the foundation and the roofing scheme.

small building project

On 3-6 acres of land, it is not advisable to build too large a structure- it will take up most of the site. A grandiose building is not required even if you spend a little time in the country. In some cases, a small building that does not have a foundation and is assembled from boards or even plywood is sufficient. However, such a house will not last long.

Inexpensive panel or foam block buildings on a pile foundation will cost the minimum amount, and even grandchildren will get it. A small country house can have a standard size of 3x3 or 4x4 m, and even a separate small walk-through kitchen-dining room can be provided in it. The second room is equipped with one or two beds.

A small house can have a single room with space for kitchen cabinets, a dining table and a sleeping area. But even for a small country house, it makes sense to attach a winter glazed veranda or terrace along the long side of the building 2 m long. The veranda is erected on a common foundation or the base is poured for it separately.

Such a house can be made with a summer or winter attic. A medium-sized building will occupy a minimum of free space on the land, while the living area will increase. If there is an attic, bedrooms are placed in it, and on the ground floor there is a kitchen and a bathroom.

It is better to supplement such a building with a veranda or terrace, where you can comfortably settle down to relax in the evening. For better heat preservation, a vestibule can be provided in front of the entrance. A small outdoor shower will fit on the veranda.

If a light beam is used for the construction of walls, and there are no problems with the soil (it is not too wet and not loose, and the groundwater does not rise too high), it is enough to erect a strip foundation. The base for the stove is being prepared simultaneously with the foundation of the house. For the veranda, a columnar base will suffice.

For a log house from a 150x150 bar, a tape is prepared from a foundation 25 cm wide. The terrace is installed separately on poles with a section of 25 cm, buried in the ground at a distance of 60 cm. When building in swampy areas or building brick walls, you will need a full-fledged deep-buried foundation.

To save money, the foundation for the veranda can be made separate lightweight (columnar or pile). You can attach it even after the end of construction. But the option with a separate foundation is only suitable if there is soil that is not prone to movement, otherwise the foundation will lead.

large house project

If the family is large, and the country house is planned to be used as a residential house, including in winter, it makes sense to build a capital building from rounded logs, timber or even bricks according to ready-made projects measuring 5.3x8.4 m, 7x8.4 m, 10x8 m and more. You can also order the development of your own non-standard project.

For such houses, a full-fledged lath foundation is required. It is laid below the freezing of the soil, so that when seasonal temperatures change, there is no movement and deformation of the structure.

A large country house can be two-story or consist of one floor and an insulated attic. It will have enough space not only for residents, but also for guests. On the first floor there is a kitchen, a bathroom and a living room, and on the second floor there are bedrooms, children's rooms, if necessary, an office and other rooms.

To avoid unnecessary problems with the supply of water, gas and sewerage, it is not worth moving the bathroom and the cooking room to the second floor. It is also customary to equip the living room on the ground floor, near the kitchen and away from the bedrooms.

If the building is planned to be used all year round, it is better to build not an attic, but a full-fledged second floor. Otherwise, almost as much money will be spent on its insulation, wind and vapor barrier as on the construction of the second floor. It is also necessary to take into account the cost of heating - in the winter cold, the main walls will store heat much better than even well-insulated thin attic walls.

House with an attic

A country house with an attic will cost less than building a full-fledged two-story building only if it is operated only in the summer. But even with its arrangement, a heater will be needed. Otherwise, on sunny days it will be too hot. The heat insulator layer is made slightly thinner than for winter operation.

If only the first floor is heated, only the walls of the building and the ceiling are insulated, leaving the attic cold. The door / cover, intended for passage to the upper floor, is made as tight as possible and additionally insulated.

When constructing a conventional gable roof, living space in the attic will not be enough. To increase the free space, the roof is made broken. However, its construction is more complicated, and more materials will be needed.

Another way to expand the space in the attic is to raise the walls just above the ground floor. Such houses are called "half-story". By raising the walls, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe premises will slightly increase.

Project of a house with a glazed veranda

The veranda can be attached to only one of the sides of the houses or run along two or even three walls. On heaving soils, it is better to build a foundation for it simultaneously with the foundation of the house. After all, when making a separate shallow foundation, you will win only 1-2 m.

Most often, the veranda is completely glazed or the lower half of the wall is closed, and double-glazed windows or single frames are inserted on top. You will receive a full-fledged room in which you can equip a dining room, living room or kitchen. In the warm season, the windows can be thrown wide open.

The veranda can also serve as a continuation of the living room. It can also be equipped with a small sports corner, a children's playroom or even an office.

Terrace house

On the covered terrace it will be possible not only to settle down for tea drinking on a warm summer evening. On it, on hot or rainy days, it will be possible to do some current affairs without littering the house. Often it is attached already at the end of the main construction on a separate columnar foundation.

The garage is made as an extension to the house or is located on the basement floor. Walls and foundations can be made of brick or concrete blocks. If the soil is wet or loose, the house is installed on a reinforced concrete pad.

Two-storey house

If the family is large enough, and the size of the plot does not allow building a country house of a large area, it makes sense to build a two-story building. In this case, you can squeeze the maximum benefit out of even a small piece of land. The size of such a structure can be anything from 4x4 m to 10x10 m or more.

The construction of the second floor will not cost much more. The load on the foundation increases by only 60%. Flooring and roofing costs do not increase at all. Only the cost of materials for walls and floors will be added. Thus, a square meter of area will cost less than in the case of a one-story building.

Experts do not advise overloading a house from a bar with an additional floor. It has enough advantages, but its strength has limits.

Country house combined with a bathhouse or sauna

If the land plot does not allow allocating a separate place for the construction of a bathhouse, it is quite possible to attach it to a country house. Such a project is also economically beneficial - after all, much more building materials will be needed for a separate building. It will not be necessary to supply separate communications - light and water supply.

Very often, a bath or sauna is attached to the house after the construction is completed. The foundation for it is selected depending on the type of soil and the total weight of the building. To protect against moisture, the walls are carefully waterproofed.

Even if the bathhouse is being built simultaneously with a residential building, the foundation for it is made separate so that cracks do not appear due to the difference in humidity and it does not move away from the general structure. The foundation must be built separately from the foundation of the house.

Indeed, due to high humidity, cracks may appear in it, and the base of the bath will begin to move away from the foundation of the entire structure. Sewer pipes and water supply pipes are laid in it. At a distance of at least 3-5 m from the foundation, a separate drain pit is being prepared.

To prevent moisture from entering the room, the entrances to the bath or sauna and the house are made separate. Between them, you can build a covered corridor-transition, veranda, gazebo, or at least a canopy - in this case, when moving from a bathhouse to a house in winter, the likelihood of catching a cold decreases. Since the bath and sauna are a source of high humidity, you should carefully consider the system of its ventilation and waterproofing of the room.

In addition to ventilation holes, it is desirable to provide a window or a small window for ventilation. The most acceptable option is to connect the steam room to the wall with a stove located in the house. Dry bath or sauna in this case will be much faster.

house with bay window

A bay window is called a small part of the room protruding beyond the facade. Such structures against the background of a building of a conventional form will look ridiculous. The bay window will look harmonious only if there is a complex architecture, an unusual shape of windows, a roof or an entrance group.

It can be built into only one of the floors or pass through two floors at once. The shape of the bay window can be any: from semicircular to trapezoidal or pentagonal. With the help of it, it is possible to expand the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe building - in such extensions there are dining areas, winter gardens or study rooms.

In the absence of experience in construction, it is hardly realistic to create such a structure, and the project will need to be ordered from specialists. However, such a house looks very unusual.

It is possible to attach a bay window even after the construction of a country house. In this case, cantilever slabs are used as the foundation, which are built into the load-bearing wall. Deepen such a foundation to the same level as the foundation of the whole house. For laying out curly protrusions, brick or profiled timber with a special locking system is most often used.

The protruding elements of the bay window lead to a weakening of the rigidity of the entire structure, so the house box must be strengthened.

How much will it cost to buy a finished building?

In the absence of experience in construction, it makes sense to purchase a ready-made building on a turnkey basis. Depending on the allocated amount, you can buy either a simple panel structure or a full-fledged structure made of timber or logs. Since the cost of materials in each region may vary, it is better to find out the prices for such houses on the relevant sites.

• For example, a small house made of timber 3x3 m with clapboard lining will cost 60 thousand rubles.
• A medium-sized building 5x3 m will cost about 10 thousand rubles.
• A full-fledged log house with a veranda can be bought for 270 thousand rubles.

Materials used for construction

The choice of foundation type depends on the type of soil and the total weight of the structure:

• columnar or pile foundations made of concrete blocks, bricks, reinforced concrete, rubble stone with a step of 1-2.5 m; to combine them into one structure that serves as a support for the house, a grillage made of wood or metal is used; the most economical option, more suitable for light timber or frame buildings, log cabins; in summer cottage construction, screw piles are mainly used, driven, stuffed and drilling are used less frequently;
• strip foundation: a stronger support made of reinforced concrete, brick or buta, such a tape runs along the entire perimeter of the house and internal partitions; subdivided into two types: shallow in the ground by 40-70 cm and deep (used for heaving soils) 1.5-1.8 m below the freezing level; tape bases can be used for any type of houses from cast, block to brick;
• slab base in the form of a monolithic reinforced slab located on a sand and gravel cushion; when the soil is heaving, such a foundation is able to lower and rise without any deformation; such a base simultaneously serves as a subfloor; suitable for all types of buildings, including large masses.

A columnar foundation on loose soils or with a close passage of groundwater is unacceptable. In these cases, strip foundations are used.

Most types of foundations are built on a 20-30 cm sand and gravel pad, which protects the foundation from groundwater and capillary moisture. It is especially important in the presence of heaving (peaty and clay) soil, which, when frozen, changes its volume and rises. In the absence of a sand and gravel substrate, this can lead to warping of the foundation and cracking of the walls.

Such a pillow helps to perfectly level the base before pouring the foundation. With it, the pressure of the building on the ground is distributed more evenly. In its absence and uneven subsidence of the structure, it can simply be jarred. Do not make such a pillow only on sandy soils or heavily marshy lands.

When laying the foundation, sewerage and water supply pipes are immediately laid. The depth of their laying is 0.5 m lower than the freezing point of the soil. If this is not possible, the pipes are additionally insulated. To ensure the gravity flow of the liquid, they are laid at a slight slope of 4-7 °.

Wall materials

The choice of materials for the walls of a country house depends on many factors: personal preferences, the region of construction, the length of stay (year-round or only in the summer), project requirements and, of course, the allocated amount:

• frame or panel buildings: their main advantages are low cost and ease of construction; the disadvantages include high flammability, low wind resistance and poor thermal insulation - a few years after the shrinkage of the mineral wool or polystyrene laid between the frame racks, it will be difficult to heat the house; service life of 30-40 years;
• slag-cast: inexpensive buildings, for the arrangement of walls, formwork is prepared, into which a mixture of cement and coal slag is poured; this method was used several decades ago even in the construction of residential buildings; the main disadvantage of such a material is its low moisture resistance: inside such premises, due to dampness, a fungus quickly starts up; service life up to 50-70 years;
• light houses from gas or foam blocks: these inexpensive materials are 8 times larger than ordinary bricks, so the construction of the building will be fast, in addition, the blocks are easy to saw or drill; due to high porosity, they have high heat and sound insulation; the service life of aerated concrete is up to 50-80 years, foam blocks are slightly lower;
• sandwich panel houses: unlike frame and panel boards, the strength element in them is not racks and crossbars, but the panel itself, filled with polyurethane foam, expanded polystyrene or mineral wool filler. Such structures do not require assembly - fragments of the future building are brought ready-made, they only need to be assembled; although such products are more expensive than panel and frame products, the disadvantages are the same - high flammability and short service life; although the manufacturers claim that such a house can last up to a hundred years, in practice, already a couple of decades after the shrinkage of the insulation, it will be problematic to constantly live in the house;
• houses made of timber or log cabins: durable eco-friendly building; excellent heat retention; service life of 100 years or more; garden houses from a bar can be purchased and ready-made, "turnkey";
• brick or stone buildings: their construction will cost much more, but they will last 100-150 years or more.

Roof

For an inexpensive country house, it would be optimal to use a roof made of metal or profiled sheet. Such a roof is strong enough and is not afraid of bad weather and can last up to 40 years. Rolled metal covered with a colored protective film looks quite aesthetically pleasing. The metal tile is more convenient when arranging roofs of complex shape.

The disadvantages of these two materials include a high level of noise during rain or wind - the impact of each drop will be heard in the room. That is why it is worth considering the soundproofing of the ceiling.

Inexpensive foam plastic is a good heat insulator, but it makes no sense to use it as a sound insulator - it conducts sounds well. In addition, this material is combustible.

When using roofing material as a roof, it is better to choose a material with an additional protective coating in the form of abrasive chips - it will last longer. However, the service life of inexpensive materials based on bitumen is short and is only 12-15 years. For euroroofing material based on fiberglass, it is slightly longer - 20-30 years.

The most optimal material for the roof of a building, which is operated not only in summer, but also in winter, is slate. At a relatively low cost, it has excellent characteristics - it is not afraid of temperature changes, chemically resistant, and its real service life is up to 30-40 years. However, slate weighs a lot and increases the load on the foundation, so this fact must be taken into account when laying the foundation.

Arrangement of partitions

There is a rule in construction: partitions should not exceed the weight of load-bearing walls. The simplest inexpensive structures are frame, panel or plank. It is better not to use drywall in an unheated building - it quickly absorbs moisture, and over time it will warp.

In such a house, it is better to use ordinary partitions made of boards, later upholstered with shingles and plastered with lime. Any types of partitions are installed only on the subfloor. After installing the frame, fixed on the strapping to the floor and ceiling, heat insulators are laid inside, with the help of which heat is more evenly distributed inside the premises.

When erecting walls from a bar or log, the partitions are started to be arranged only after the tree shrinks. The timber will settle for at least 6 months, but it will take at least a year for the logs to dry out. Glued timber almost does not shrink, so the installation of partitions can be started immediately after construction is completed.

Facade finishing

Facade plaster

Cinder block houses or cinder-cast structures can simply be plastered and then painted with facade paint. Frame houses are sewn up with wood, trimmed with siding, block-house (log-like panels) or tempo panels. It is allowed to plaster them.

If you have free funds, you can veneer the country house with a ventilated facade with porcelain tiles or bricks. However, the cost of these materials cannot be called democratic.

Warming

If the heated building is not sufficiently insulated, this will not only increase the cost of coal or gas, but also the appearance of condensate in the premises due to the high temperature difference. Protecting the building from temperature extremes and excessive moisture with the help of insulation pads will significantly extend its service life.

It is better to insulate the building only from the side of the facade so that the dew point (the temperature at which water vapor turns into water) does not shift into the building. It will be necessary to insulate both the foundation, the ceiling above the basement (between the lags or under the screed), the attic floor, and the walls themselves.

As a heat insulator, you can use inexpensive foam, expanded polystyrene, mineral wool, sawdust or expanded clay. The last two are used as a foundation insulation and attic backfill. Extruded polystyrene foam, resistant to decay, can be used both for thermal insulation of walls and for warming the base of the house.

For the thermal insulation of the walls, a frame is prepared, between which waterproofing and a layer of insulation are laid. On top of the heat insulator, it is recommended to mount a film that serves as a windshield. Further, the frame is closed with any finishing material.

Houses with an attic and a terrace are an excellent choice for a capital and country house. The attic will allow you to organize additional space for living or storing things, a covered terrace will be a place for a quiet rest, reading books, games or feasts. Depending on the arrangement, these two rooms will make it possible to free the main area of ​​​​the house, to unload it functionally.

Peculiarities

Building a house with an attic and a terrace involves solving certain problems. The attic is a room directly under the roof of the house, therefore, for a comfortable organization of the living space, it is worth considering ventilation, heat and waterproofing.

This will eliminate the need to eliminate the consequences of excessive condensation inside, installation of additional batteries, drafts.

Since the weight of the roof finishes, furnishings and furniture will put their pressure on the foundation of the house, this must be taken into account at the planning stage.

If the idea of ​​​​a residential attic arose later, it is better to give preference to lightweight materials. In the case when the attic area needs to be divided, drywall is suitable for partitions: it is light and easy to use. A living room, a bedroom or an office on the attic floor require the installation of windows not only at the ends of the roof, but also on inclined surfaces.

The height of the roof and its shape is another feature of the house with an attic. This is due to the fact that for comfortable living, the ceilings should be high, about 2 meters in at least half of the room. A roof hanging over your head, made at an acute angle, will create discomfort when you are in the room, and besides, there will be difficulties with its arrangement.

Having given preference to the attic, instead of a full-fledged second floor, you need to remember that it has a smaller area, it is complicated by the construction of a roof with a complex configuration. However, the house will definitely look more unusual, original and even cozy.

The subtleties of construction

materials

Materials are an important part of construction. The main thing is to choose what to build the house from. The main factors on which the choice depends are:

• Construction cost. It is worth making a detailed estimate in order to understand what you can save on or what schemes to use to reduce costs.
• Planned speed of work.
• External finishing. Building a house, for example, from foam blocks, will certainly require making it more attractive.
• The location of the site for construction and the building itself. Uneven landscape, a house or part of it on a slope, the presence of nearby water sources and other factors limit the choice of materials.

The most popular building material is wood. Wooden house- an excellent choice for cold regions. Naturalness is its main advantage. This house is comfortable and cozy. It is built quite quickly, but compliance with wood processing techniques and construction technology is required.

A significant disadvantage is the need to wait for the shrinkage of the log house, at least six months, depending on the climate, the moisture content of the wood. During this period, it is undesirable to engage in decoration and other work.

Replaced by stone brick house- very durable, warm, fireproof, does not change its appearance under the influence of external factors.

You can build from it at any time of the year, as well as change the project during the construction period.

Brick serves up to 150 years without requiring additional care. Ceramic block has similar properties - a modern and cheaper option.

Frame technology construction is an option for those who cannot wait. Perfect for a country house. Manufacturers offer frames made of wood and metal, for self-assembly and ready-made. The walls are made of sandwich panels (PVC or chipboard and insulation).

You can quickly build a house from porous blocks - foam concrete and aerated concrete. With a thickness of about 40 cm, they retain heat well, they are easy to use and cut. The size of the blocks speeds up the construction of even a large house.

Project selection

The layout of the house is the key to the full use of every square meter of the future building. There are various projects of houses that differ in area, type of foundation, suggesting different types of attics and terraces. You can develop a project yourself or use ready-made options. Most often offer houses with an area of:

• 6x6 sq. m. A small country house, which houses a bedroom, a bathroom, a kitchen and a living room, they have more space. The number of corridors is minimal. The attic is usually intended for a nursery or a place of rest, it has one or two rooms.

• 9x9 sq. m. There are more opportunities for organizing the first floor. Large kitchen and dining room, next to which is the living room. Small hallway leading to bedroom and bathroom. Staircase with hall for more convenience. The second floor can be divided into rooms: a nursery and an office, a small bathroom. Or a playroom for children and a recreation room with billiards for adults.

• 8x10 sq. m. For an attic house of such an oblong shape, the placement of premises along a long corridor or around a hall is typical. On both floors, you can organize two bedrooms, on the first place a combined kitchen and living room. A full-size bathroom can be made one.

• 10x10 sq. m. Typically, such houses are built for large families, so it would be rational to make a spacious kitchen and dining room, several bathrooms. Place the main bedroom and dressing room on the first floor, make a nursery (one or two) or a guest room in the attic. On such an area, the choice of the purpose of the rooms depends on the residents, their needs in a particular room.

The terrace can be either on a common foundation or erected separately, depending on its intended functionality. Its fencing, the presence of a roof and the area also depend on this. If it is planned to organize a place for cooking and eating food, then under the terrace it is worth making a foundation common with the house so that it can withstand a heavy load.

If this open space is for games, relaxing with a book, or made only for beauty, then it is enough to build a light wooden structure based on pillars or piles. The attic can be made under a gable or sloping roof. Choosing the latter will provide a large area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room inside, but this option will cost more.

Decor

Having finished building a house with an attic and a terrace, it remains to think over the decor of the premises. For the terrace, the best choice of furniture suitable for the street: plastic or wood. Colors should be chosen for the exterior of the house, with bright accents.

For the attic, it is better to select furniture that matches the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room. It should be low so as not to reduce the space. It is better to arrange cabinets along the walls, divide them into zones with open shelves. Light shades of walls and ceiling will expand the room.

It is better not to get carried away with ornaments and patterns, leaving them for a modest decor. The more inconspicuous and airy the filling, the more spacious it will be. Country style, chalet, Provence are excellent options for interior design.

Modern ideas for design

Currently, many designers offer non-standard options for the appearance of houses and their arrangement. For example, you can often find houses with a balcony.

The presence of a balcony allows you to enjoy the nature around, gives you the opportunity to breathe fresh air without leaving home.

You can equip it as an extension, provide for it during the construction of the second floor, laying longer floor beams, or use the roof of the capital terrace as a base. It can be made glazed or open.

The area of ​​the balcony can also vary. In country houses, preference is given to open balconies with a fence in the form of balusters.

The innovation of the modern design of a house with a terrace and an attic is a two-sided hearth. It is installed in such a way that one side is located on the outside of the house - the terrace, the second - inside. A great option for those who make a capital veranda. The fireplace can be turned into an oven for cooking, while at the same time giving coziness to the living room or bedroom in the house.

An extraordinary solution for the owners of a small plot, where there is not enough space for a full-fledged bath, will be the installation of a steam room in the house itself. The room under it should be made at least 2x2 square meters in size and near the bathroom. You can take a Finnish house project as a basis, it was the Scandinavian designers who began to use the idea with a sauna in the house among the first.

The attic room can be of various shapes and sizes, in order to make it a pleasant and comfortable living space, first of all, it is necessary to evaluate all its advantages and disadvantages. First you need to calculate the usable area, understand how to use each meter. If the area is small, then it is better not to divide it into separate rooms with blind partitions. Functional areas are best highlighted visually. The presence of rafters will greatly facilitate this process: they can be used as the basis for shelves or mezzanines that divide the space.

Windows are important. If they have already been installed, then, depending on their location, you can understand where, for example, the work area or the play area will be - they need more light, and where is the bathroom or bedroom. If the roof is deaf, then there is room for action, and windows are mounted in the right places.