Type of economic activity aimed at satisfying diverse. Economic activity

   The activity of the enterprise is a process that includes not only the direct production of goods or the provision of services, but also financial and economic activity, supply, marketing of products, the use of labor and material resources, equipment and machinery. An enterprise is a structured and living organism.

The structure of any enterprise includes an administrative and managerial apparatus, a production department, a financial and economic department, and an accounting and reporting department. In addition, other units may be included in the structure, whose tasks include ensuring a continuous process of production and manufacturing of products that would be competitive and meet the market requirements in terms of quantity, quality and delivery time. In this case, the main requirement and criterion for the efficiency of the enterprise is to minimize production costs, i.e. cost reduction of manufactured goods and services.

Factors determining the production and economic activities of the enterprise

The effectiveness of the production and economic activity of the enterprise, first of all, depends on such factors as the availability of production capacities, the state of the production and technical base, its technical and organizational level, and how much the organization of production and labor meets the current requirements of the market and the market.

Of great importance for the activities of the enterprise is such a factor as financial and economic planning. This is not only the uninterrupted supply of necessary resources, but also constant control over the current activities of the enterprise, operational adjustment of management decisions in order to achieve planned results.

Control is carried out by analyzing the production and economic activities of the enterprise by comparing the main results of this activity with the calculated and planned indicators. Such indicators characterizing the efficiency of the enterprise, for example, include:
- profit from the sale of goods and services rendered;
- total production costs;
- profitability;
- the level of remuneration of people working at the enterprise;
- the amount of cash on the settlement accounts of the enterprise;
- existing payables and receivables.

Any enterprise operates in the macro and microenvironment. It has a whole set of resources that are used in the process of activity. These are technical and technological, spatial, informational, personnel, financial and many others. In this regard, the economic activity of the organization should be analyzed. This is a laborious process, but it is of great practical importance. It is advisable to give a definition. The economic activity of the enterprise consists in the implementation of financial, production and investment processes, as well as in providing them with the necessary resources. This term is especially important for economic analysis, since it is its subject.

Economic activities of the enterprise. Main types

The economic activity of any enterprise can be divided into basic and reproduction. The first group includes processes and tools directly related to the production process. The reproduction of fixed assets appears in the form of capital investments. This includes capital construction, the process of buying and repairing fixed assets and so on. In other words, the second group includes all business operations aimed at the restoration, completion, modernization of facilities.

Economic activity. Indicators for analysis

Any enterprise is studied from different angles to get a complete picture of its condition. For these purposes, different indicators are used. It is necessary to take into account the specifics of the organization, its industry and other factors. As indicators can be used the volume of production costs, production costs, gross and commercial products, financial results, profit, profitability, the presence or absence of an investment component, and many others. Between all these elements there are complex relationships. The economic indicator itself is not considered in its entirety, but as a result of the influence of various factors on it. Management personnel have to constantly monitor the slightest changes in actual results in comparison with their planned values. Some emerging problems can be solved by applying a simple algorithm of actions, and some require serious and detailed study.

Each of us, living in society, constantly encounters the most diverse problems of an economic nature on his way. One of them is the satisfaction of needs (food, education, clothing, leisure). It should also be mentioned the need to choose one or another field of activity, is there enough money to buy the desired product and much more. So we can say that the economy is an integral part of the life of a modern person. We regularly use economic terminology in our speech, without noticing it ourselves. For example, money, expense, income, salary level and many others. Enterprises, in turn, are the basis of the economy, as they produce various goods, perform work and services.

Types of economic activity

There are several types of economic activity:

• A household is a household run by a group of people living together.
• A small enterprise is a business unit engaged in the manufacture of a relatively small number of goods. The owner of such an enterprise may be one or more people. As a rule, it uses the owner’s own labor or a relatively small number of workers are employed.
• Large enterprises are enterprises that produce goods in bulk. Typically, these enterprises are formed by combining property owners. An example of which enterprise is a joint stock company.
• National economy is a combination of economic activity throughout the country. To a certain extent, this activity is directed by the state, which, in turn, is trying to ensure sustainable economic growth of the country and thereby increase the welfare of the entire population.
• The world economy is an economic system in which there are interconnections between different countries and peoples.

  Forms of economic activity

Definition 1

The form of economic activity is a system of norms that determines the internal relations of the partners of the enterprise, as well as the relationship of this enterprise with other contractors and government bodies.

There are several forms of economic activity:

• Individual form;
• Collective form;
• Corporate form.

Under individual form of business refers to an enterprise whose owner is either an individual or a family. The functions of the owner and entrepreneurs are combined in one entity. He receives and distributes the income received, and also carries the risk of carrying out his business activities and has unlimited property liability to his creditors and third parties. As a rule, such enterprises are not legal entities. The owner of this enterprise can attract additional wage labor, but in a rather limited number (no more than 20 people).

If speak about collective form of business, then there are three types: business partnerships, business companies, joint-stock companies.

Business partnerships   may be in the form of: full partnership and partnership in faith. A full partnership is an organization that is based on collective ownership. As a rule, it is an association of several individuals or legal entities. All participants of this type of partnership bear full unlimited liability for all obligations of the partnership. The property of a full partnership is formed at the expense of contributions of its participants and income received in the course of the implementation of its activities. All property belongs to the participant in a full partnership on the basis of shared ownership.

A limited partnership is an association where one or more of its owners bear full responsibility for all the obligations of the partnership, other investors are liable only to the extent of their capital.

TO business companies   include: limited liability company, additional liability company. Limited liability company - these are enterprises that are created by combining deposits of legal entities and individuals. At the same time, the number of participants in a limited liability company cannot exceed the established limit, otherwise this company will be transformed into a joint-stock company within a year.

Additional liability company   represents an organization that shares capital is divided into shares whose size is determined in advance. This type of society is formed by one or more persons. For all obligations of the company, all of its founders bear subsidiary liability in an amount that is a multiple of the value of the contribution to the authorized capital.

Joint-stock company represents a form of economic activity, all of whose funds are formed by combining the founders' capital, as well as issuing and placing shares. The participants of the joint-stock company are liable for all obligations of the company in an amount equal to deposits.

In order to protect their commercial interests and increase the efficiency of the use of enterprise capital, various legal forms can be combined into so-called corporate forms of entrepreneurship. These include: concerns, consortium, intersectoral and regional unions.

Concern   - This is an association of organizations that carry out joint activities voluntarily. As a rule, concerts have scientific and technical functions, functions of production and social development, functions of foreign economic activity, etc.

Consortium   - the association of the organization to solve certain problems, created on time. In our country, a consortium is created for the implementation of government programs by organizations of any form of ownership.

Industry and regional unions   represent an association of organizations on a contractual basis. These unions are created to carry out one or more production and business functions.

  Organization of economic activity

The organization of economic activity goes through three stages:

1. Stage 1 - opportunity assessment. Initially, an objective assessment should be made of all the resources needed for the production process. For these purposes, it is advisable to use scientific developments. The main advantage of this stage is that it helps to give a preliminary assessment of the production potential of the products precisely in those volumes and in the conditions that will be investigated, and on the basis of which the decision will be made to launch the production of a particular product. After the production potential of the organization has been studied, the production line is launched within the framework of the generated plan.
2. Stage 2 - auxiliary production launch. The implementation of this stage takes place only if necessary. Ancillary production is a rather necessary measure, since it helps to master new segments of the sales market and increase the chance of the effectiveness of the financial development of the organization. The organization can be serviced both on its own and with the help of third-party organizations and resources. At this stage, services are used to optimize the production of products and assess the potential cost of funds. At the next stage, work is carried out aimed at studying the sales market and product sales opportunities.
3. Stage 3 - sales of products. All stages affecting product sales are tracked. At the same time, sales of products are kept, forecasts are made and researched, allowing competent decisions to be made by the organization's management. There are situations when you should develop a methodology for after-sales service. For example, when establishing a warranty period for their products.

Economic activity - activity that is aimed at the production or exchange of goods, tangible and intangible goods. There are several types of economic activity, each of which arose at a different time and had its own development path.

Agricultural activity

Agriculture is to meet the food needs of the population. Agriculture can be divided into two sectors: livestock and crop production. Plant growing was born when a person realized that food can not only be obtained, exploring more and more new territories, but also engage in the cultivation of food crops. Animal husbandry, in turn, appeared at the moment when a person began to domesticate wild animals in order to obtain milk, meat and wool.

Fig. 1. Agriculture.

The main means of agricultural production is land.

Industry

This area of \u200b\u200bactivity includes mining and manufacturing industries. The formation of industry took place in the era of the primitive communal system. She was inseparable from subsistence farming. Later, industry becomes a completely independent industry, which is developing rapidly, especially during the formation and emergence of capitalism. In the industrial sector, fuel, light, food, forestry, as well as ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy can be distinguished.

Fig. 2. The extraction of minerals.

Transport facilities

For the stable operation of agricultural and industrial enterprises, stable transport operation is necessary.
Transport facilities can be divided into 3 types:

• air transport (airplanes, helicopters);
• ground transportation (cars, metro, trains);
• water transport (ships, river and sea vessels).

The transport industry often depends on external conditions, because trips and transportation of goods are often carried out over long distances.

Services sector

The service sector is also a type of economic activity. Only here the end result is not a product, but some intangible object - training, treatment, and provision of services. Science, healthcare and education are branches of economic activity that can be attributed to the service sector. Health care deals with the treatment and protection of public health.

Fig. 3. Health.

Education is divided into preschool, secondary and higher. The development of science in developed countries is given great importance. After all, her contribution to the development of the state is very great. It is the countries that have great knowledge in the field of science, which attract specialists, have a powerful economy.

  TOP 2 articleswho read along with this

Construction

This industry is engaged in the construction of new residential and industrial facilities, as well as their reconstruction. The main role is to create conditions for the rapid development of the economy of a country. Construction products are buildings and structures, as well as the work that is necessary for the construction of buildings.

What did we learn?

The end result of any economic activity is a product or any tangible or non tangible services. There are several main types of economic activity. These include agriculture, industry, transport, construction, and services.

Report Evaluation

Average rating: 3.3. Total ratings received: 12.

In the distant past (over 10 thousand years ago), people practically did not engage in production, but only took everything that was necessary from nature. Their activities included hunting, fishing, and gathering. Over time, humanity has greatly changed and improved its activities.

From this article you will learn what business is and what types of business are.

So, the economy is called the production by people of all that is necessary to meet the needs and improve living conditions. In other words, economic activity is a set of industries that are interconnected.

These industries include:

• agriculture;
• industry;
• services sector;
• transport;
• trade;
• science and education;
• healthcare
• construction.

It is engaged in providing the population with food and raw materials for some industries. The development of agricultural production depends mainly on natural conditions. The degree of development of agriculture, in turn, has a great influence on the economy and the political situation of the state, as well as on its food independence.

The most important areas of this industry are animal husbandry and crop production. Livestock is engaged in the maintenance and breeding of farm animals for food (eggs, cheese, milk), raw materials (wool) and organic fertilizers. It includes livestock, poultry, sheep, pigs, etc.

The task of plant growing is to grow various agricultural crops, which are then used as food, animal feed and raw materials. The branches of plant growing include vegetable growing, potato growing, gardening, grain farming, etc.

Enterprises that produce tools and are engaged in the extraction of materials, raw materials, fuel, as well as the processing of industrial or agricultural products. Industry is divided into mining and manufacturing. Mining specializes in the extraction of raw materials, oil, coal, ores, peat, and manufacturing - in the production of ferrous and non-ferrous metals, machinery, equipment, building materials. The industry includes the following industries:

• fuel industry;
• light industry;
• food industry;
• timber industry;
• non-ferrous metallurgy;
• ferrous metallurgy;
• mechanical engineering and other industries.

Services sector

This industry is intended to provide the population with material and intangible (spiritual) services. Material services include household services, communications, transport. To intangible - health care, trade, public services. There are also market and non-market services. By market is meant those services that are marketed at prices that are significant in terms of economics. Transport, paid education, and healthcare are examples of typical market services. Non-market services include science, defense and free health and education services, that is, everything that does not have economic value.

A tool that meets the needs of the population in the transportation of goods and passengers. This industry is expanding the scale of production and consumption, as it literally links these two processes. However, transportation is highly dependent on external conditions, because transportation is often carried out over long distances. Nevertheless, the transport industry is considered quite profitable in market conditions, not to mention the monopolization of transport.

The activities of people that are associated with acts of sale and a set of operations designed to carry out the exchange process. There are two types of trade: wholesale and retail. In wholesale trade, the purchase of goods takes place in large quantities, as they are purchased for the purpose of further use. Retail, on the contrary, carries out acts of sale directly to end consumers.

Education includes preschool and general secondary education, as well as training. Education includes industries such as transport, science, psychological, radio engineering, mathematics, construction and other types of education. The purpose of science is to obtain scientific knowledge as the results of ongoing research. It is very difficult to overestimate science: its contribution to the development of the state economy, increasing the efficiency of material production and protecting the state’s information resources is very large.

An industry engaged in the organization and provision of public health. To maintain and maintain physical and mental health, as well as to provide assistance in case of poor health, special social institutions are created.

This industry ensures the commissioning of new ones, as well as the reconstruction and repair of facilities for both industrial and non-industrial purposes. The main role of this industry is to create conditions for the dynamic pace of development of the state economy. In addition, this industry is directly involved in the creation of fixed assets (along with the building materials industry, metallurgy and some other sectors of the economy), which are intended for all sectors of the national economy.