She sat on the floor epithets. “She was sitting on the floor ...”, an analysis of Tyutchev’s poem. The story of the creation of the Tyutchev poem "She was sitting on the floor ..."

Analysis of the poem “She sat on the floor" by F. I. Tyutchev.

The poem was written in 1858; addressed, presumably, to Tyutchev's second wife Ernestina Fedorovna. After the first reading, a sad mood is felt that pervades the work. As in the whole lyric poetry of Tyutchev, love appears here not as a superficial hobby, but as a deep feeling, capable of both giving people the greatest happiness and ruining it.

In the first stanza we see a woman in front of us. She silently sits on the floor, but she does not need to speak. All of her inner experiences are understood by the reader from her movements. “She sat on the floor,” and she sits not from fatigue, but from the feelings that are overwhelming her at the moment; Now she just can’t stand. She picks up the letters and “throws” them, “like a cooled ash”. The fact is that her life seems to her the same "cooled down"; the fire went out, and these letters remind her of this fire. Therefore, she cannot hold them in her hands.

The second stanza continues the thought implied by the author in the first. Tyutchev again uses comparison as a means of expression. A woman looks at letters, “as souls look from above from above at an abandoned body”. These letters represent part of her life. This part has died, it is impossible to return, and therefore it can only look at them, remembering everything that is written in them.

In the third stanza one can see all the tragedy of the situation of lyrical heroes, which in F. Tyutchev is always inseparable from love. Here the regret (“irretrievably experienced”) slips that this love awaits such an unhappy ending, and the understanding that there simply cannot be another outcome. Love and joy are “killed”, and the dead do not resurrect.

In the fourth stanza, the hero is also silent, but this is the other side, the other participant in this love. He is ready to “fall to his knees”, to obey, but this readiness is only inside him, because with his heart he understands that this love has perished and it is impossible to return it. “Inherent sweet shadow,” the author uses periphrase to recall again the love that he experienced, which will always be a bright memory for him; but which has passed.

In the poem, love appears as something fatal. This is a force that can lift us from the earth, but at the same time and drop us mercilessly on the earth. This is a tragedy whose outcome is a foregone conclusion, which, however, does not prevent it from being the greatest feeling in human life.

“She was sitting on the floor”

She was sitting on the floor
  And sorted the pile of letters -
  And like cooled ash
  I took them in my hands and threw them -

Took familiar sheets
  And it was wonderful that she looked at them -
  How souls look from above
  On them thrown body:

Oh, how much life was here;
  Irreversibly experienced!
  Oh how many woeful minutes
  Love and joy killed! ..

I stood silently aside
  And the mouth was ready on his knees, -
  And I felt terribly sad
  Like an inherent cute shadow.

F. Tyutchev’s love lyrics are among the brightest and most exciting pages of this talented poet’s work. The poems that the author devoted to the chosen ones are simply overwhelmed with emotionality, sensuality, and often even tragedy.

Writing history

The story of the writing of a work can help the reader make the correct poetic analysis. "She was sitting on the floor ..." Tyutchev wrote already in adulthood. When the poet was 47 years old, he was a respected man and a happy family man. But it so happened that at this moment Fedor fell in love with a girl of 24 years old - Elena Denisiev. His feeling turned out to be mutual, and a turbulent romance erupted between the two people, which serenely flowed until it became clear that Elena was expecting a baby. A huge scandal erupted in society, he could not help but touch Tyutchev's legal wife - Eleanor. She experienced her husband’s infidelity very painfully. At the time of despair, she destroyed a significant part of the correspondence with Fedor, which contained a large number of verses dedicated to her. The works were irretrievably lost. This sad event is described by the poet in the poem "She was sitting on the floor ...". F. Tyutchev wrote it in 1858.

Love for Elena became both joy and grief in the life of the poet. He could not divorce his wife, but he also did not succeed in abandoning his happiness with Denisyeva. So, existed for almost 14 years. Tyutchev lived longer than both women, but he kept his feelings and gratitude in his heart for both one and the other.

Analysis of the poem "She was sitting on the floor ..." F. Tyutcheva

Very often in the works of Fyodor Tyutchev such feelings are described that a person experiences at certain tipping points in his life. The famous poem "She sat on the floor ..." has four stanzas, and each is filled not only with feeling, but also with deep meaning. With the help of some words, the author managed to convey emotions so that each reader could feel the state of the heroine of the poem.

First stanza

The first stanza tells of a woman who parses old letters while sitting on the floor. Not even line-by-line analysis is needed here. “She was sitting on the floor” - Tyutchev could only convey some of the emotions that a woman felt with these four words. Only in her position can one catch the suffering and defenselessness. Further, it becomes clear to the reader that all this pile of letters was once very dear to the heroine. That is why she first takes each sheet in her hands, and then throws it aside. The author makes it clear that at the moment they already mean nothing to her.

Second stanza

The second stanza brings the reader a real human tragedy. Verbs such as “sitting”, “looking”, “taking”, “parsing”, help to make (“She was sitting on the floor ...”). Tyutchev with these words depicts the behavior of the heroine. Everything is used only in. It adds character to the memory. At the same time, the burden of the moment of nostalgia is emphasized.

At the end of the second stanza there is an ellipsis, which means a pause, as if an unfinished thought. In this ellipsis, you can see the suffering of the soul of the main character in a happy past life.

Third stanza

These lines show the memories of a woman. The heroine recounts in her memory the happy moments she has lived through, which already mean nothing now and which will never be returned. The phrase "how much life" in the first line forms a semantic ring with the word "killed" in the last line. This moment enhances the feeling of feelings and deep tragedy.

Fourth stanza

With the help of the last stanza, you can conduct the final analysis "She was sitting on the floor ...". Tyutchev shows the reader a man who is probably the culprit of all the suffering of the heroine. This man felt all the pain that the woman was experiencing at that moment. He is even ready to kneel before her, but at the same time he understands that it is already impossible to change anything, feelings are doomed, they cannot be renewed, no matter how hard you try.

Opinion of Tolstoy

Leo Tolstoy noted this poem in two letters “T. Ch. ”, Which means“ Tyutchev. Feeling. ” The famous writer believed that in this poem the poet was able to convey those feelings that are almost impossible to express with words. In life, there are times when a person is struggling with a large number of emotions, which is very difficult to explain, but Tyutchev managed to convey this in his poem.

For many, the work “She was sitting on the floor ...” remains relevant. Analysis of the poem showed that such a moment can happen in the life of every person. Perhaps for some, this masterpiece is the pinnacle of creativity, but for some it’s just poetry. One thing can be said: such lines will not leave anyone indifferent.

F. Tyutchev’s love lyrics should be read in the context of the poet’s biography, intimate poems are the key to his soul and the most intimate experiences. The poem, which will be discussed in the article, is studied in grade 10. We offer you to familiarize yourself with a brief analysis of "She was sitting on the floor" according to plan.

Brief analysis

History of creation   - the work was written in 1858, at a time when the poet's heart was broken between two women - Elena Denisieva and his wife Ernestina. The lines are dedicated to Ernestine.

Theme of the poem   - the suffering of a woman from unhappy love.

Composition   - the poem is written in the form of a monologue of the lyrical hero, watching the suffering of a woman. In terms of meaning, the work is divided into several parts: a description of a woman with letters, a story about letters, reproduction of feelings experienced by a lyrical hero.

Genre   - elegy.

Verse size   - a four-foot iambic rhyme cross AVAB.

Metaphors – "The love and joy of the slain", « souls look from above at their abandoned body. "

Epithets – “Familiar sheets”, "Woeful moments".

Comparisons – “I took them into my hands like a cooling ash”, “I looked at them like souls look at them from a height at an abandoned body”, “I felt terribly sad, as from an inherent sweet shadow”.

History of creation

The story of the creation of the work is connected with the poet’s love for the young girl Elena Denisieva. They met in 1849. Elena was 23 years younger than Tyutchev, but age did not become an obstacle to the development of strong feelings. Elena found out that she was expecting a baby. It was no longer possible to hide the relationship. The couple tolerated the condemnation of society, but the love between Tyutchev and Denisieva did not fade for 14 years - until the death of Elena.

Eleanor Tyutcheva was seriously worried about her husband’s betrayal. Emotions swept the woman, during such a mental anguish, she destroyed the letters that had once been written by her husband. In them were love poems, which were forever dispelled with ashes. Tyutchev once saw the picture of the destruction of letters. She forever remained in his memory. In 1858, an analyzed poem was written. The one to whom the work is dedicated turned out to be a woman with a rare ability to forgive. After the death of Denisyeva Tyutchev returned to the family, Eleanor adopted her beloved man.

Subject

The poet reveals the theme of unhappy love. The scene described in the analyzed work is not new to Russian literature, its peculiarity is that it is snatched from life. The author’s attention is drawn not so much to events as to the emotions and feelings of the heroes.

In the center of the poem are two images - a woman who burns letters and her lover, who watches this sad picture. Beloved is a lyrical hero.

At the beginning of the work, a story is told about a woman who sorted through letters. The heroine looked at them unusually, realizing that there was no opportunity to return to the past. We do not yet know who wrote the lines; the author opens the curtain of this secret in the fourth quatrain. In it, the reader finds out that the woman was holding love messages in her hands. Correspondence, apparently, was conducted for a rather long time, as the lines testify: "About how much life was here, irretrievably experienced."

Finally, in the last quatrain the image of a lover appears. These lines are written in the first person, so the author shows who watched the bitter parting with love. The man admits that he did not dare to approach a loved one, try to calm him down, even though "his mouth was ready on his knees." At that moment he felt only terrible sadness.

Composition

The analyzed work is a monologue-memoirs of a lyrical hero who witnessed how his beloved burned letters. Analysis of the poem in terms of meaning allows us to divide it into several parts: a description of a woman with letters, a story about letters, reproduction of feelings experienced by a lyrical hero. Formally, the poem consists of four quatrains.

Genre

The genre of the poem is elegy, since the lyrical hero sadly talks about what he experienced. The poetic size is a four-foot iambic. F. Tyutchev used a cross ABAV rhyme.

Means of Expression

The poet does not oversaturate the work with expressive means, so they can not be found in every verse. Nevertheless, the trails help to reveal the topic, show the feelings and emotions of the characters.

The text has metaphors- “love and joy of the murdered”, “souls look from above at their abandoned body”; epithets- “familiar sheets”, “woeful moments”; comparisons- “I took them into my hands like a cooled ash”, “I looked at them like souls look at them from a height at an abandoned body”, “I felt terribly sad, as from an inherent sweet shadow”.

The emotions of the lyrical hero are emphasized with the help of intonation. In the third stanza, where a wave of memories engulfs him, the author uses rhetorical exclamations.

Written by Tyutchev in the late fifties of the XIX century, the poem "She was Sitting on the Floor" is rightfully considered one of the most exciting and memorable works in the poet's love lyrics. According to literary experts, it was dedicated to his second wife Ernestine, who supported the poet in the most difficult moments of his life, and forgave him all insults and betrayals. An outstanding poet, already at a fairly mature age (47 years old), fell in love with a girl of noble descent, Elena Denisieva, who was suitable for him as a daughter (she was 24 years old), this is a vivid feeling and inability to be with a loved one (he did not dare part with his wife) he carried through his whole life. For 14 years, Tyutchev was torn between feelings for his wife and unexpected late love for Denisieva, outlived both of them and carried through the years a feeling of gratitude to them, reverential worship, tenderness and sincere admiration.

The main theme of the poem

The poem "She sat on the floor," consisting of four stanzas, is filled with tragedy and not without a deep philosophical meaning. The first stanza shows us a woman sitting on the floor, sorting through a pile of letters, once the former were very important and valuable to her. Now judging by the gestures that the author describes to us (“she took them in her hands and threw them”), they became for her just a useless pile of paper like a “cooled ash” that once burned and burned, now charred and cold.

In the second stanza of the poem, a picture of the very real human tragedy unfolds before the eyes of readers. The pose of a woman sitting on the floor, her eyes full of longing for the past, all this emphasizes the depth of despair of the lyrical heroine, her complete defenselessness and longing. The severity of the memories, which cause her only pain and suffering, is conveyed by the author in the past tense verbs (sitting, looking, throwing, dismantling). The ellipsis at the end of the stanza shows that the thought is not finished and the female soul is tormented and suffering from memories of a past life, once happy and carefree, which will not return.

The third stanza is permeated with memories of a past life, feelings and emotions about those happy days, a woman goes through the memory of the experienced moments of happiness and realizes that nothing has been preserved in the present, feelings are killed and broken, there is no return to the past.

The fourth stanza shows us a man who becomes witnesses to this tragic picture and, apparently, he is the main culprit of the suffering of this woman. Now he realizes how much pain and grief he inflicted on this native man, sincerely repents and is ready to pray for forgiveness on his knees. And at the same moment he realizes that these gestures are completely useless, their feelings are full of doom and the past will never return. He himself has already become for the heroine not a specific man, but a kind of incorporeal phantom, a “nice shadow”, and this causes the poet a feeling of light sadness and sadness, as if one of the main pages of his life book has been turned over and there will never be a return to it.

Structural analysis of the poem

To enhance the general expression and transmission of the minor mood of the poem, the author uses a variety of lexical and syntactic repetitions. The spiritual strife of the main character is conveyed by a detailed metaphorical comparison “looked at how souls looked from above at their abandoned body”, it perfectly emphasizes the irreversibility of the gap and the inability to return to the past.

It is precisely due to the poet’s very difficult relationship with women that Tyutchev’s love poetry is saturated with a sense of tragedy and sadness, it describes important moments in the life of people who are forced to make fateful decisions that have an impact on their entire future lives. Love for him is a deep and strong feeling that can both endow a person with wings and raise him above the ground, and immerse him in the abyss of grief and despair. The poet believed that love is almost always a tragedy, its outcome is already a foregone conclusion, and nevertheless, this does not prevent the feeling of love from being the most powerful and desired for every person living on this earth.

It is safe to say that anyone who reads this poem will understand it in their own way. For some it’s a masterpiece, for others it’s just poetry, but it’s clear that this work will not leave anyone indifferent, it will forever remain in his heart and soul.

In Russian literature, Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev is known primarily as a poet-philosopher. But he also created many soulful, sensitive lines about love that are readable and loved to this day. The author’s love and philosophical poetry are interconnected by the unity of views, the similarity of motives and the tragedy described.

A special place in the similar lyrics of Tyutchev is given to the cycle addressed to Elena Denisieva. At the age of forty-seven, the poet, becoming a government official, head of the family and a popular author, falls in love with his classmate, a student at the Smolny Institute, twenty-four-year-old Elena. The young lady reciprocated. And between the lovers began a passionate romance.

She managed to carefully hide the relationship until the girl became pregnant, and, being compromised, was expelled with shame a few days before the final exams. An enormous scandal erupted in the city: the legitimate wife Eleanor, who was completely unaware of the betrayal, was even the most painful for him, and even often invited Denisyev to her house for tea, as her daughter's friend.

Having learned the truth, the wife felt humiliated and offended. In a fit of anger, she destroyed most of her husband's letters, which contained many poems dedicated to her. Subsequently, they were lost forever. It was just this dramatic event that the poet dedicated the poem "She was sitting on the floor ..." written in 1858.

If you do not study the background, you may get the impression of an idealistic picture with a note of sadness: a stranger, sitting on the floor, parses a stack of letters, picks them up, picks them up and throws them away.

Tyutchev turned to the third-person lyrical heroine and using the past tense. He says that she is looking at a yellowish paper on which the unity of two hearts has been preserved, just as the souls of the dead from heaven follow the body they left, that is, lost, as if from the outside.

It is as if the woman does not see the culprit of her torment, which is quietly standing in the distance. He wants to leave, but is afraid to break this created silence. The hero feels his guilt. Tyutchev noted that looking at a woman, a man would be ready to fall to his knees and ask for forgiveness for the grief brought. But the whole tragedy was that all these tears and requests would not bring any result: the very feeling for the wife disappeared, nothing can be done. And any reconciliation would be a lie that only increased the suffering of both. Understanding this caused the lyric poet to be unusually sad, as if another page of his fate was turned over and again it was impossible to return to it, however it was.

Despite the rather small volume, the work is replete with visual expressive means. The main place among them is occupied by epithets: “familiar sheets”, “irretrievably lived life”, “woeful moments”, “killed love” and others. They emphasize the drama, the irrevocability of the feelings of people who once loved one another.

The alliteration used in the poem gives it expressiveness and a certain awareness of sad certainty and clarity. The inversion “I stood silently” shifts attention from a lady to a hero, subsequently focusing on experiences. A unique comparison of a pile of letters with ash shows that a true feeling can give indescribable happiness, but also destroy it.

In this case, love is shown as a fateful feeling. According to Tyutchev, she becomes a force ready to tear a person off the ground and make him hover over problems, but at the same time, she can throw us on the ground, leaving terrible wounds. People know what love is capable of, they understand that it can destroy their life, take peace, but again they rush into the flames of passions. And it will always be so.