Tyutchev predestination. Fedor Tyutchev predetermination. Analysis of the work "Predestination"

“A lot of songs are written about love ...” These words can rightfully be attributed to the work of the poet of the second half of the 19th century Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev. Indeed, his life, like the life of perhaps any poet, is illuminated by the light of great love. In the life of Tyutchev there were many hobbies. Even in his youth, as an official of the Russian diplomatic mission in Munich, he is fond of Amalia Lernenfeld (married to Baroness Kruedener), who is addressed to the famous poem "I Remember Golden Time ..." (1836) and another, later - "I met you - and all the past ... ”(1870), which became a popular romance.

Tyutchev was already married twice, when in 1850 in Petersburg he met Elena Denisieva, niece and pupil of A.D. Denisieva, inspectors of the Smolny Institute, where the two daughters of the poet were brought up. 24-year-old Elena, fascinated by the personality and work of Fyodor Ivanovich, deeply and selflessly fell in love with Tyutchev, and he answered her with a long and passionate affection. However, in the highest society of St. Petersburg their connection, which was impossible to hide, caused a scandal. Moreover, over these 14 years, they had three children. The whole burden of condemnation and rejection fell on Denisyeva's shoulders: her father renounced her, her aunt was forced to leave the Smolny Institute, the stamp of “illegality” lay on her children, and the doors of the best Petersburg living rooms closed in front of her.

In addition, Tyutchev remained attached to a legitimate family, to children and to his wife, whom he called his "earthly providence." Being in such an ambiguous position in the world, Elena Denisyeva was constantly in an agitated state, was irritable, which ultimately accelerated the development of her consumption, and on August 4, 1864 she died. Following their common son and daughter died. Tyutchev was shocked by the death of his relatives and, until the end of his life, considered himself the culprit of such a tragic denouement. The feelings experienced by him were reflected in poems about love, which became the pinnacle of not only Russian, but also world love poetry. Later, these verses were combined into a cycle called the Denisievsky.

This cycle includes verses such as "Predestination", “I knew my eyes - oh, those eyes ...”, “On the eve of the anniversary of August 4, 1864” and others. All the verses of the “Denisian cycle” are dramatic and to some extent resemble confession. The similarity is reinforced by the form of dialogue in which the lyrical hero repents, apologizes to the one who is not with him now.

The poem "Predestination" reveals the true essence of love. For the poet, this is not only happiness, “the union of the soul with the soul of their own, their union, combination”, but also “their fatal merger” - “fatal duel”. The repetition of the “fatal” epithet twice reveals the author’s idea that love is a predestined feeling from above. So, those torments and sufferings that the lovers endure are also predetermined. It remains only to reconcile. But in a duel there must be a winner and a loser. And the loser, sadly enough, is the one who loves most, whose "tender heart" is weary of love.

Of course, the lyrical hero suffers no less, but suffers when the incident cannot be changed. Obviously, this is why the poem has a large number of dots that convey the emotion of the hero, create a high emotional intensity, but retain some confusion. He seemed to understand that he was hurting his beloved, but he couldn’t change anything, because the result of the duel with higher powers, with fate was known in advance: the heart “loving, suffering, sadly dying ... withers away at last”.

Tyutchev himself wrote with repentance later: “The wound festering, does not heal ...” Therefore, the main poems of this cycle appeared several years after the death of Elena Alexandrovna.

In conclusion, I would like to note that written by the four-legged iambic traditional for the XIX century, this poem sounded too bravura and life-affirming. Therefore, the use of pyrrhichs and clauses allowed the poet to reduce the "cheerfulness" and "vivacity" of the work and cause a feeling of a man’s duel with rock. In the future, the “Denisievsky cycle” will have a huge impact on the development of Russian lyrics of the twentieth century.

In addition to the analysis of “Predestinations,” read the following essays:

Analysis of the poem F.I. Tyutcheva "Silentium!"
"Autumn evening", an analysis of the poem of Tyutchev
"Spring Thunderstorm", an analysis of a poem by Tyutchev

"Predestination" Fedor Tyutchev

Love, love - the legend says -
The union of the soul with the soul of the mother -
Their connection, combination,
And their fatal merger.
And ... the fatal fight ...

And than one of them is more tender
In the struggle of an unequal two hearts,
All the more inevitable
Loving, suffering, sadly mleya,
It is finally draining ...

Analysis of Tyutchev’s poem “Predestination”

Fedor Tyutchev was married twice, and both of his marriages were very successful both from a financial point of view and in terms of mutual affection. Nevertheless, having lived in a happy marriage with his second wife Ernestina for more than 10 years, the poet is suddenly fascinated by the young pupil of the Smolny Institute of noble maidens Elena Denisieva, who many bibliographers call Tyutchev’s last love. This extramarital affair, which brought both lovers not only many exciting moments, but also public condemnation, lasted almost 15 years. In fact, the poet lived in two families, since Elena Denisieva gave him three children, the existence of which the legal spouse was well aware of.

Endowed with natural beauty and a sharp mind, Elena Denisyeva made an indelible impression on Tyutchev from the first meeting that, foreseeing the beginning of a stormy romance, in 1850 he dedicated the poem "Predestination" to her, in which he actually predicted how his relationship with this woman would develop . Love in the concept of the poet represents "the union of the soul with the soul of his own." However, this is not only peace and harmony, but also a “fatal duel”, which is inevitable when it comes to feelings. Someone in such a union is always a leader, and someone obeys, otherwise the relationship is not destined to become long and happy.

Oddly enough, in this novel, the leader was Elena Denisyeva, who first took a step towards her chosen one, and then insisted that Tyutchev not dissolve his marriage, which could put him in a successful diplomat career. It was this woman, who had tremendous self-control and willpower, for the sake of her beloved who refused her own family, inheritance and status in society, preferring life in seclusion to family happiness. However, "in the struggle of an unequal two hearts," the poet saw the other side, devoid of romance and idealism. This is a mental pain, which is an inevitable companion of love, and because of which the heart "wears out at last." Tyutchev was convinced that this fate inevitably befalls one who, in a love union, submits to his chosen one. But the poet was mistaken, since he had to suffer from a vicious connection not so much as Elena Denisyeva, whose name turned out to be tarnished for life. She did not give her lover reasons for jealousy and did not demand anything in return. But, becoming the mistress of a married man, she condemned herself to loneliness, with which Tyutchev could not reconcile.

The poem "Predestination."

Perception, interpretation, assessment

The poem "Predestination" is supposedly written by F.I. Tyutchev in 1851. It is included in the famous “Denisievsky cycle”, which included such poems as “More than once you heard a confession ...”, “I knew your eyes ...”, “Oh, do not disturb me with a reproachful fair ...”, “Oh, how deadly we love ... "," All day she lay in oblivion ... ". All of them are dedicated to Elena Alexandrovna Denisieva, beloved poet. This love story was very dramatic: it was condemned by society, and Tyutchev and Denisieva had three illegitimate children. Elena Alexandrovna was sick with consumption, she died early, and then their two children died.

We can attribute the poem to love and philosophical lyrics. Here the poet reflects on the essence of love. What is love, according to Tyutchev? This is the “union of the soul with the soul of one’s soul,” which is predetermined for man by his fate:

Love, love - reads the legend - Union of the soul with the soul of his native - Their union, combination,

And their fatal merger,

And ... the fateful fight ...

However, love does not contain eternal harmony: the “fatal duel” often ends with the death of one of the lovers. And a tender, loving heart dies.

The poem is built in the form of a gradual expansion of the theme: a fatal meeting - a relationship - the culmination of these relationships (a "fatal duel") - a sad denouement (the death of one of the lovers). The poem is written by a four-foot iamba with pyrrhic and clause. The poet uses various means of artistic expression - metaphor, anaphora, a number of homogeneous members, lexical repetition (in the first stanza). In the second stanza there is a metaphor, inversion and a number of homogeneous members:

And than one of them is more tender In the struggle of an unequal two hearts,

All the more inevitable and rather

Loving, suffering, sadly mleya,

It is finally draining ...

At the phonetic level, we find alliteration ("In the struggle of an unequal two hearts") and assonance ("Union of the soul with the soul of the soul").

Thus, in this work, the poet expressed his views on love, fate, the life of a person as a whole. The Denisievsky Cycle had a great influence on the development of all of Russian poetry.

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev was a well-known Russian poet, publicist, diplomat, and also a corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. The great author was born on the territory of the Oryol province in the village with the inconspicuous name Ovstug. The family of Fedor belonged to an ancient noble family and was respected.

The initial course of education was received by the author at home. The lessons were taught by the then-famous poet and translator, whose name was Raich Semyon Egorovich. It was he who instilled in Fedor a love of literature, languages, and the art of Ancient Rome. It should be noted that by the age of 14, Tyutchev could translate works written by Horace without much difficulty. The first published work of the author dates from the 19th year of the 19th century. It was a translation of the free type.

At the age of 14, Fedor Tyutchev enters Moscow University at the Faculty of Literature. First of all, he is a volunteer, and then he becomes a real student.

The graduation was brilliant. In the 21st year, Fedor left the walls of the educational institution and entered the state collegium for foreign affairs. My uncle helped him in this. One year later, Tyutchev goes abroad as a representative of the diplomatic mission - to Bavaria, Munich. In Germany, he meets with many cultural figures and is interested in the philosophical direction.

In early youth, Tyutchev is not distinguished by an extensive publication. Poems of the author appeared very rarely and did not impress critics of that time. The situation changed dramatically in the 36th year. It was at this time that the notebook with Tyutchev’s notes fell into the hands of A.S. Pushkin. Alexander Sergeevich liked poems very much, and he decided to publish them in his journal Sovremennik.

Abroad, Fedor Tyutchev spent more than 22 years. It was here that he met his first love - Eleanor Peterson, to whom he devoted a huge number of works. A little later, the author develops relations with Ernestina, because of which Tyutchev had to leave Germany.

The author wandered without work until he was noticed by Nikolai the First. He appreciated the contribution Tyutchev made to the history of the formation of Russia, and decided to return him to his post by offering a job in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. This period is not marked by a large number of verses.

Features creativity F.I. Tyutcheva

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev is an exquisite Russian poet who has created many works. Some researchers claim that there were more than 400. All creativity can be safely divided into several stages. The first stage is considered to be early and relates to various philosophical judgments, but the second relates to the feelings of the poet, as well as personal experiences.

The second half of the nineteenth century is distinguished by a special love theme. The author’s life was full of love, like many cultural figures of that time. Fyodor Tyutchev had countless hobbies, so in his work there are so many poems of love and intimate content. However, one should not forget that Tyutchev was a versatile poet, he was touched on by various topics: philosophy, nature, love for the motherland.

A diplomat and poet, Fyodor Ivanovich was a very loving person. He was twice married and had numerous connections. A special place in his heart was occupied by Elena Denisieva, whom he met in adulthood. She was the niece of the inspector at the Smolny Institute. It was in this institution that the poet's daughters were brought up.

Elena was only 24 years old. She was very charming, and from the very first minutes of meeting she fell in love with Tyutchev’s personality and his special work. The author of exquisite works replied with Denis's reciprocity and a very passionate affection, which lasted until the death of Elena.

It should be noted that the higher Petersburg society did not approve the relationship between Elena and Fedor. A great scandal arose. And although the couple had three children during the relationship, this union was never accepted by the public. A strong condemnation fell on Denisova’s shoulders, even her own father denied her. Almost every person indicated that Elena’s children were born illegally. The best institutions have closed their doors to the girl.

Despite the fact that Fyodor Ivanovich had an affair with Elena Denisova, he continued to maintain relations with his legitimate family. He called children and wife earthly conducting.

Elena was constantly in a state of ambiguity, this led to nervousness and an inflated state. Constant irritability led to the fact that the girl developed consumption, which led to death in the 64th year.

After Elena’s death, their two children, a son and a daughter, also went into the next world. Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev was very shocked by such events and for a long time he considered himself the culprit in what happened. It was such feelings, overwhelmed by meaning and bitterness, reflected in the works of the author. A little later, these works were attributed to a certain cycle, which is known even now, being interesting for readers from all over the world.

The most striking works affecting the author’s life situation are verses entitled “Preference”, “I knew my eyes ...”, “On the eve of the anniversary ...” and many others. All these poems are very dramatic and resemble confession in their manner of writing. They are strengthened by the form of writing - in the form of a dialogue, when a lyrically determined hero asks for forgiveness from a girl who is not nearby at the time of the statement.

Analysis of the work "Predestination"

The poem created by Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev, reveals the essence of love in the most qualitative way. The author does not draw illusions, and honestly declares that no matter how close people are in their spiritual qualities, their union can be fatal. The poet emphasizes the word “fatal” twice, as if giving tragedy to those relations to which fate itself led him.

Those feelings of happiness that love should give, in combination with suffering, torment, remorse, seem inevitable. A confused and vicious connection with a loved one, a tarnished reputation, complete rejection and rejection - these are the reckoning for feelings that should ideally make the world cleaner and kinder.

In the lines from time to time epithets are repeated, revealing the main idea of \u200b\u200bthe work, that love is the maximum high feeling that a person can have. And the payment for this feeling can be exorbitant.

Features of the work "Predestination"

The author notes that each person is destined to endure the torment and all kinds of suffering emanating from love. A person must accept such obvious things. Love is a duel in which there will certainly be a losing side. Fedor notes that the one who loves the most is always losing, whose heart is simply languishing from high feelings.

The lyrical hero of the work “Preference” suffers no less than the losing side. These sufferings are based on the fact that what has happened before cannot be returned and nothing can be changed. It is this understanding that many dots present in the lines indicate. They convey the special emotion present in the lyrical hero. The strings are constantly heated, but there is also a kind of understatement.

The lyrical hero perfectly understands that during the relationship he caused a lot of pain to his lover, but it’s too late, it is impossible to change the situation. The duel, which is organized with higher powers, is destined for fate, and the results do not depend on the person. The poet notes that the wounds inflicted will never heal, but will constantly bleed and remind oneself.

The poem “Preference” was written using the four-legged iamba, which was very common in the second half of the nineteenth century. This form allows the reader to convey feelings to a very bravura and in a special way life-affirming. That is why the author uses clauses and Pyrrhichian lines, which can slightly reduce the cheerfulness in the lines and cause the reader a feeling associated with the duel of the human person and fate.

Select verses ... December 1, 1837 (So here it is destined ...) May 11, 1869 (All of us gathered ...) April 12, 1865 (Everything is decided ...) 1856 (We stand blindly ... ) February 19, 1864 (And the quiet ...) January 29, 1837 (From whose hand ...) Encyclica Mala aria Memento Silentium! A.F. Hilferding Alps Harp skald Madness Insomnia Gemini Brother who has been with me for so many years ... In the village In the stuffy air silence ... In the sky clouds are melting ... In separation there is a high meaning ... In a crowd of people, in immodest the noise of the day ... In the hours when it happens ... The Vatican Anniversary Submissive to the highest ... Great day of Cyril's demise ... Venice Spring waters Spring thunderstorm Spring All day she lay in oblivion ... Evening Vision I see your eyes again ... The wave and the thought of the East went white. The boat rolled ... Here from sea to sea ... In the morning I hear - and I can not ... Everything was taken from me by the executing god ... All that I managed to save ... I am omnipotent and weak together ... I looked, standing over the Neva ... Gus at the stake Yes, you kept your word ... Two voices Two unity Two forces are there - two fatal forces ... Two friends December morning Day is evening, night is close ... Day and night Day of the Orthodox East ... My friend Y.P. Polonsky My soul is Elysium of shadows ... My soul would like to be a star ... Smoke of E. N. Annenkova His Highness Prince A. A. Suvorov. onachalnoy ... There is also in my suffering stagnation ... The view of the earth is still sad ... I am still languishing with longing for desires ... Here, where the arch of heaven is so languid ... Winter is not without reason angry ... And it happens in God's world ... And the coffin is already lowered into the grave ... And there is no feeling in your eyes ... Play while you are above ... From Goethe (Joy and sorrow ...) From edge to edge, from hail to hail .. From Michelangelo I got a different one from nature ... So, I saw you again ... Italian villa By Hanka How true is the common sense of the people ... How funny is the roar of summer storms ... Like a daughter on a slaughter .. Like a pillar of smoke sve pours in the sky! .. Sometimes it’s like summertime ... Like over hot ash ... No matter how we are oppressed by separation ... No matter how unexpected and bright ... Like an unsolved mystery ... No matter how the impudent rumor ... No matter how sultry noon breathes ... No matter how difficult the last hour ... How the ocean embraces the globe of the earth ... How he loved his family ate ... Like a bird, the early dawn ... How sweet the garden is dozing dark green ... How good you, about the night sea ... Like this posthumous album ... What a wild gorge ... To Prince Gorchakov (you had a fatal calling. ..) To Prince P. A. Vyazemsky When in a circle of murderous worries ... When decrepit forces ... When there is no divine consent ... When you are eighteen ... Columbus The feast has ended, the choirs have ceased ... Sea horse Whoever you are, but meeting her ... Swan Summer evening Summer 1854 Leaves to the Dear father! I love your eyes, my friend .. MP Pogodin (My poems are here ...) The East is silent doubtfully ... The sea and the cliff Motive Heine (If death is night ...) N. I. Krol N. F. Shcherbina On the way back On the high tree of mankind ... On the anniversary of N. M. Karamzin Above the grape hills ... Above the Russian Vilna old-timer ... Above this dark crowd ... On the eve of the anniversary of August 4, 1864 We can not predict ... Napoleon Vain work - no, you won’t understand them ... Our century You have not served God and not Russia ... Do not believe, do not believe the poet, maiden ... Not all painful souls dream ... Do not tell! He is like me before ... Don’t give us the spirit of idle talk ... You don’t know what ladder is for human wisdom ... I don’t know, grace will touch ... Not cooled down by the heat .. You have often heard recognition .. Do not argue, do not bother! .. Not that you think nature, ... The sky is pale blue ... No wonder the merciful god ... Neman Reluctantly and timidly ... There is no day that the soul does not ache ... No, my addiction to you ... The night sky is so gloomy ... Oh my soul of things! .. What are you howling, the night wind? .. Oh, these days are fateful days ... Oh, how deadly we love ... Oh, do not disturb me ... Oh, this South, oh, this Nice! .. Fanned by substance drowsiness ... Loneliness He, dying, doubted ... She sat on the floor ... Again I stand over the Neva ... Late autumn time ... Autumn evening From the life that was raging here. .. The answer to the address In memory of V. A. Zhukovsky (I saw your evening ...) In memory of E. P. Kovalevsky (And now in the ranks ...) In memory of M. K. Politkovskaya (significant word ...) There is buoyancy in the waves of the sea ... The first leaf The sand is loose on its knees ... The flame is rustling, the flame is burning ... On the plain of azure waters ... Under the breath of bad weather ... Fires Noon Last cataclysm Last lyu Bov Stream is thickened and dims ... Send, Lord, your joy ... Poetry Predestination His beautiful day in the West has disappeared ... When sending the New Testament Nature is a sphinx ... A glimpse Prophecy Let the hearts of the zoyles whine with envy ... Dawn Rome at night to a Russian woman With what dumb, with what longing, a lover ... A kite rose from a clearing ... A well-deserved punishment is being accomplished ... Holy night has risen in the sky. .. Today, friend, fifteen years have passed ... I’m sitting thoughtfully and alone ... The sun is shining, the waters are shining ... To the Slavs (They are screaming, they are threatening ...) To the Slavs (Hello to you sincerely, brothers ...) Tears human, about human tears ... Watch the West flare up ... Watch the river open ... Watch the grove turn green ... Snowy mountains Modern Dream at sea Means and purpose The king’s son dies in Nice ... So, there are moments in life ... The gray shadows are mixed ... Now you have no time for poetry ... Quiet flowing in the lake ... Quiet night, late summer ... You will be left behind for a long time ... s, my sea wave ... Alas, that our ignorance ... A terrible dream weighed down on us ... Mind cannot understand Russia ... Calming Down the biz ... Breathing easier ... Morning in the mountains Charon Fountain and Kachenovsky Cicero Winter sorceress ... Whatever life teaches us ... What you prayed with love ... The Black Sea Your hall, my savior, I see, is decorated ... What are you dropping over the waters ... These poor villages ... Yu.F. Abase (So - harmonious instruments ...) I met you - and all the past ... I knew her back then ... I love Lutheran worship ... I knew my eyes, - oh, those eyes !. I remember the golden time ...