Really good news - the federal program for the improvement of domestic territories comes into effect in the period from 2018 to 2022. This name has an expanded meaning - not only yards, but also squares, parks, squares, embankments will acquire a new look. But the bulk of the money is intended to improve yard areas.

Yard improvement program in 2018–2022

The federal government allocates 20 billion rubles from its budget. The money will be distributed across regions, their administrations will have to think over the correct scheme for the further use of these funds.

The allocated money is intended for the improvement of public places. Permits of ordinary residents to improve the areas and parks are not required, since their rights will not be violated in this case. But the obligations after the improvement of the adjacent territories of the residents will arise. These places will acquire the status of common property. The owners of apartments are required to pay for the maintenance of the courtyards in the proper form.

Distribution by region

There are 85 regions in the Russian Federation. They differ in the size of the territories and in numbers. The largest region in terms of population is considered the city of federal significance Moscow. However, it is one of the smallest regions in terms of occupied area. The opposite situation in Yakutia. Squares, parks and courtyards, apparently, are still more in large settlements. As you can see, the implementation of the program is not an easy task at the first stage.

The adoption of municipal programs

To receive money from the federal budget, regions and municipalities must develop their own program and approve it. The unusual thing is that the inhabitants themselves can influence it. Improvement activities are carried out in the courtyards of only apartment buildings.

The municipal courtyard improvement program, starting in 2018, includes a list of addresses of adjoining sections of apartment buildings in need of improvement. RF Government Decree No. 169 governs that approval must be made no later than December 31, 2017.

What settlements can participate in the program?

Order of the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation No. 691-pr approved methodological recommendations, according to which municipal entities with a population of more than 1,000 people are participating in the program.

Who cares about courtyards now?

According to the housing code, the land on which the house is located is common property. But for this a formality must be fulfilled - an official transfer. In fact, most of the yards did not go through this procedure. Therefore, they are considered municipal property.

Every year, money is allocated to maintain order in them in accordance with their own taste and financial capabilities. A survey of residents is not carried out and, accordingly, their wishes are not taken into account. Residents of the house do not consider themselves owners and do not relate to property with special care.

New rules

In 2022, after the end of the program, new rules will be introduced. Landscaped and pleasing to the eye with grooming courtyards will begin to be considered part of the property. What this means, residents already know - they pay for the maintenance of roofs, basements and porches. You will also have to pay for maintaining order in your yards. But for the already established order!

Thus, the state first helps with a lot of money for a long time to clean up the yard, and then this responsibility passes to the owners of the apartments.

The further fate of each court depends on the will of the inhabitants of the house. It is important that they understand: the territory of the yard will be included in the program only if they take the initiative. This is decided at a general meeting, where residents will be introduced to the list of minimum work that can be done in their yard.

The meeting must decide what kind of improvement should be made. If additional types of work are supposed, it is necessary to find out whether the residents are ready to participate in this materially and personally. At the meeting, a person is selected who will subsequently represent the interests of the residents of the house and monitor the safety of the acquired improvements.

Examples of minimum and additional work are indicated in the table.

If a decision is made to carry out additional work, then the number of people who are ready to participate in this should be ascertained.

Participation may be:

1. Labor. It is free and voluntary. This is participation in subbotniks, construction and paintwork, installation of bins and benches, landscaping, cleaning the territory.
2. Financial. This means funds collected in the form of lump sum payments (the amount must be at least approved in the decision of the meeting), and the involvement of sponsors.

Meetings can be organized by: the board of the housing and communal services, the management company or initiative residents. For notifications, you can put up announcements indicating the summons, put the notifications in mailboxes, and call in person. All decisions taken at the meeting are recorded in the minutes.

On the website of the municipal government, you can find out which specific yard is included in the program.

What is necessary for inclusion of the local area in the improvement program

In order for a specific yard to be included in the program, the following steps must be performed:

1. Create an initiative group.
2. Make a list of desired changes.
3. Design the layout of the yard with the proposed improvements.
4. Hold a general meeting of residents, after which a protocol will be drawn up.
5. Apply for participation in the program to the municipal authorities.

If, according to the cadastral passport, several houses are located in the local area, then the initiative group should include representatives of each of them.

The drawing indicates existing facilities and planned. The proposed innovations must be consistent with the municipal program. For example, installation in the courtyard of the monument may not be included there.

A positive decision is made if the majority of those present at the meeting voted for it. Following the meeting, a protocol is drawn up.

Then, an application for improvement is submitted to the municipality. The public commission created there will consider it and organize a public discussion. The municipal organization will submit for consideration a design project of the courtyard, which requires coordination with representatives selected at the general meeting of residents.

Based on the design project, the municipality will organize a competitive selection of contractors for the necessary work. Representatives from the initiative group carry out intermediate control over the progress of work.

Further maintenance of the yard in order can be carried out by the residents themselves or with the involvement of third-party organizations for an additional fee.

Participation in the program and joint discussion of the details has an additional bonus - it is the rallying of people living in the same house.

Photo: Press services of the Mayor and the Government of Moscow. Denis Grishkin

The work is financed mainly from the proceeds from the sale of patents to individual entrepreneurs, income from paid city parking lots and taxes on the income of individuals from the rental of apartments.

In recent years, more than 22 thousand yards have been reconstructed in the capital, said at a meeting of the Presidium of the Government of Moscow.

“We reconstructed, repaired, restored more than 22 thousand Moscow yards. We are talking about the creation of sports and playgrounds, landscaping, the formation of a parking space and a number of other events. It is important that this work does not stop, continues at the system level, ”said the Mayor of Moscow.

According to him, it is necessary to ensure control over what has already been done: timely replace broken small architectural forms, maintain sports and playgrounds in good condition. Improvement must also be provided with constant sources of financing. The main ones are three.

“The first is the fee for parking, the second is the fee for patents that are collected in a particular area, and the third is the taxes that come from the rental of housing (apartments). And part of the centralized sources that come directly from the budget of the city of Moscow. These are quite significant sources. Financing for them is increasing from year to year. Next year, the volume of such funds will be considerable - it will amount to about 10 billion rubles. Moreover, they are distributed according to a clear and clear formula between prefectures and regions, ”said Sergei Sobyanin.

The Mayor of Moscow emphasized that now it is necessary to outline clear plans for the implementation of these programs and the development of these funds in such a way that all projects are created taking into account the opinions of citizens and involve constant renovation of the courtyards of the capital so that they are always in good condition.

The Deputy Mayor of Moscow for Housing and Public Utilities and Improvement reported on the implementation of the improvement program for domestic territories.

“Since 2011, the city has been implementing a program for comprehensive improvement of domestic territories. The allocated funding over the past years has made it possible to repair and carry out comprehensive landscaping of Moscow yards. Moreover, since 2016, the main source of funding has been incentives for district administrations, ”the deputy mayor said.

He noted that part of the yards was repaired as part of the My Street program. These are courtyards located next to landscaping areas.

“There are more than 24 thousand yards in the capital, including 22.5 thousand yards in the old borders of the city. To date, 22.5 thousand yards have been put in order, thoroughly repaired as part of the standard of comprehensive improvement, safe operation, ”said Pyotr Biryukov.

The program of repair and arrangement of domestic territories for this year is completed. “The priority task for 2017 and subsequent years is to maintain technically sound condition in accordance with the regulatory requirements of all courtyards, as well as to ensure the preservation of various elements and small architectural forms in landscaped areas. The condition of Moscow yards today allows you to switch to a rhythmic overhaul interval, depending on the technical condition of this or that yard, ”the deputy mayor noted.

In 2017, it is planned to equip about three thousand yards, repair or rebuild 820 playgrounds, 41 children's playgrounds, 468 sports fields, 188 sites for quiet recreation, 403 areas for walking pets, 16 utility grounds. Work is also planned on the repair of asphalt and fences, the creation of additional parking spaces, landscaping, putting in order container sites and other facilities.

The city program for the comprehensive improvement of domestic territories has been implemented in Moscow since 2011. In 2011-2014, as part of this program, they carried out centralized repairs and comprehensive landscaping of courtyards. As a result, Moscow courtyards brought them into line with the new standard of comfort.

It includes:

- A reasonable and safe organization of the yard space;

- separation of space for cars (parking, carriageway) from space for people (sidewalks, children’s, sports and other playgrounds);

- gardening (trees, shrubs, flower beds, lawns);

- high-quality infrastructure for recreation and sports for all categories of residents (modern playgrounds, inter-quarter game towns, sports fields, complexes of street fitness equipment, sites for a quiet rest);

- at the request of residents restriction of entry into the yards of extraneous vehicles (barriers).

In 2015, landscaping work was carried out in 4047 yards, including a comprehensive overhaul in 1578 yards. In 2016 - in 3050 yards, including a comprehensive overhaul touched 2078 yards.

In total, from 2011 to 2016, 22,288 sites for various purposes were thoroughly repaired or rebuilt in Moscow yards. Among them 16 832 playgrounds, 1664 children's inter-quarter game towns, 1194 sports grounds, 2598 playgrounds for other purposes. More than 3.5 thousand complexes of street exercise machines were installed in the yards, 29.6 million square meters of asphalt pavement were replaced.

The financing mechanisms used in Moscow provide:

- maintaining the yard infrastructure (children's slides, exercise machines and other equipment) in good condition;

- regular (on average once every seven years) repair of yard areas;

- implementation of projects for additional landscaping of courtyards based on the wishes of residents.

Simultaneously with the improvement of courtyards in Moscow, the entrances of apartment buildings are being repaired and put in order. On average, about 20 thousand of them are repaired annually, which makes it possible to maintain all 105.9 thousand Moscow entrances in good condition.

So, in 2016 22 335 entrances were repaired, the plan for 2017 is 20 661 entrances. The work is funded by the funds of management companies.

The purchase of an apartment in a multi-storey building represents not only the receipt of residential square meters, but also the right to use the common adjoining territory.

Important are the issues of improvement of the local area.

What features does the process of arrangement have, by whom it is carried out and what rules and restrictions are regulated, we will consider below.

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House plot

House territory - this is a land plot located under the apartment building and next to it, it also includes all infrastructure elements located on it.

The adjoining land plot has certain legislatively fixed borders and is the common property of all residents living in an apartment building.

This can be found out from the technical passport of the building, which is drawn up at the BTI, you can also pay attention to Order No. 59 of 08/26/1998, where the dimensions of land allotments are specified.

Section 16 of the Law on the Enactment of the Housing Code enacts that a land plot with the status of a house adjoining territory is shared among all homeowners.

The distribution of land in this case is proportional to the number of square meters for which ownership is registered.

Additional provisions regarding the rights of residents in relation to the territory of the house and the possibility of encumbrance with the right of limited use are covered in article 36 of the LC RF.

Who is involved in the improvement of the court territories?

The main task of the house plot is to provide a comfortable and cozy stay for all residents of the apartment building.

To achieve this goal, children’s and sports grounds are arranged on the allotted territory, ordinary or specially equipped parking lots, various buildings for household purposes and other facilities appear.

At the same time, part of the local area may not be available to residents. For example, if certain premises in a house are leased to some companies or for offices, and there is a need to create a car park for customers and employees.

Residents can use the local area territory only together, even if each of them has the right to receive a certain part of the land for use.

Management of the territory and its contents may be provided only:

1. Home management company;
2. Partnership of homeowners.

Participants of the HOA of an apartment building on their own resolve issues related to the arrangement and improvement of the territory.

The partnership has the right to lease a certain part of the territory to the company renting premises in the house, but it is worth remembering that liability for violations in the use of the adjacent territory is collective.

The norms of the MKD house adjoining land plot, its area and borders are indicated in the cadastral passport and on the basis of this CC calculates the amount of expenses for its maintenance.

Federal program "Our yard"

The new federal program “Our Yard” was launched in 2017. 20.5 billion budget rubles were allocated for its implementation.

70 percent of this amount, it was decided to send to the improvement of the local area. The program will be carried out simultaneously and communications.

To take advantage of the program, residents need to hold a general meeting, discuss and approve the list of work on arranging the local area.

After discussion, if all homeowners are ready not only to use the benefits received, but also to monitor their condition and support, the main representative of the residential complex is selected. His task will be to submit an appropriate application for consideration to state bodies.

The received application is considered by the public commission, which selects the most interesting project and will further contribute to its implementation.

Please note that certain investments may be required to obtain a result from residents. Either a certain amount is transferred for the implementation of the project, or the owner takes a direct part in the work to improve and equip the adjacent territory.

Maintenance of the local area in accordance with SNIP

Under the abbreviation SNIP refers to building codes and rules that tenants must take into account when arranging the local area.

Current legislative norms have established certain rules by which only objects from the list below can be located on the adjacent site:

• Land intended for landscaping the yard, including flower beds, tree planting;
• Sidewalks and driveways;
• Sports grounds;
• Venues where recreational facilities will be organized for all residents;
• Household buildings;
• Designated areas used for dog walking.

Courtyard Rules

A list of the following works on the improvement of the local area is legally defined:

1. Painting barriers and benches in the yard.
2. Arrangement and organization of playgrounds;
3. Greening the territory by creating green spaces;
4. Installation of garbage cans;
5. Cleaning the house area from garbage, organizing branches for melt water, cleaning the area from snowdrifts in winter;
6. Activities designed to ensure the safety of residents (sanding icy tracks or cleaning icicles);
7. Cleaning of parking lots and general purpose and use areas if available.

All measures to improve the local area are carried out by decision of the general meeting of homeowners.

It should be borne in mind that an important decision requires the participation of at least two-thirds of the total number of owners living in a residential complex.

In addition to the rules, a number of restrictions must be fulfilled:

• Parking spaces are located strictly in special places with hard surface and are used for use by homeowners and tenants. Without prior permission, an increase in the parking area due to green spaces is prohibited.
• Garbage containers should be placed on a solid waterproof cover in an area accessible for the passage of garbage equipment. The use of lawns or the carriageway for these purposes is prohibited..
• Car wash and repair prohibited.
• Cars must not be left with the engine running on the carriageway in the yard or in the parking lot.
• Without special coordination, it is possible to install barriers only in the form of a not continuous fence, the height of which does not exceed 60 cm.
• Post outlets, canteens, cafes, etc.
• To erect industrial facilities, parking lots near houses.

The last two provisions relate entirely to newly discovered objects. It does not apply to rules and temporary objects that have been enforced.

If you want to know the rights and obligations of the management company for the maintenance of an apartment building, we advise you to read.

Responsibility for Violations

Persons who violate the current rules are brought to administrative responsibility, they are fined.

For example, in the capital, the following penalties apply:

1. For damage to greenery - 3500 - 4000 rubles.
2. For washing vehicles - from 1000 to 3000.

If the rules are violated by the Criminal Code, then the company is held administratively liable. The maximum fine is 10,000 rubles.

If homeowners consider that damage has been caused to them by the management company, then they may demand compensation for the damage suffered under the contract in force with the Criminal Code.

Cleaning the territory is the responsibility of the management company, for non-compliance with the rules it faces a fine. We suggest you watch the video.

During the construction of housing, the main goal is to create a full-fledged residential complex in which residential buildings, farm buildings and the courtyard are as comfortable as possible and constitute a single housing estate. Improvement of both the yard territory and the objects located on it is one of the most important tasks, without which it is impossible to achieve this goal.

Landscaping of courtyards provides for a range of works aimed at creating a convenient, aesthetically designed territory. In the course of the work, ideas on the design of landscape design are implemented and leisure facilities corresponding to the sanitary standards of the Russian Federation are constructed.

The arrangement of courtyards of apartment buildings provides for the following activities:

• regular checking of the condition of improvement objects located on the territory (for example, lighting fixtures, curbs, sidewalks, fences, etc.), with the aim of timely detection of damage and breakdowns leading to violation of sanitary and hygienic requirements. Inspection is carried out daily;
• in case of failure of objects, measures must be taken to eliminate them;
• carrying out activities established by the standards aimed at caring for gardening elements (shrubs, lawn mowing, watering, etc.);
• carrying out work on cleaning the beautification elements created for drainage of ground and storm water (drains, ditches, pipes) from garbage, with a view to their normal functioning. This is done as necessary, but 1 time in the spring - necessary;
• carrying out "restoration": painting, whitewashing, cleaning, etc. - once a year (if necessary, more often) in order to maintain the elements of courtyards in an appropriate aesthetic form;
• emptying trash bins (regularity depends on the speed of filling). In the warm season, they must be washed and disinfected every month, and painted or whitened once a year (moreover, metal bins should be painted at least 2 times during the year: in autumn and spring);
• carrying out cleaning of the territory (cleaning from garbage and snow, sweeping, etc.) in order to keep the objects of courtyards clean;
• collection and removal of household waste according to the established schedule.

Complex improvement provides for the ongoing and overhaul of its facilities, namely:

• as necessary, the road surface is repaired or completely changed (this also applies to sidewalks and driveways);
• as necessary, small architectural forms and their elements are installed or restored;
• once litter bins are installed and container platforms are equipped, which, in accordance with sanitary and hygienic requirements, are periodically restored or replaced;
• as necessary, work is carried out related to the care of landscaping facilities;
• as necessary, broken fences and fences, utility and sports grounds, gazebos or other specially equipped recreation areas for residents are repaired and restored;
• as necessary (however, at least once a year), outdoor lighting facilities are repaired and their supports are painted;
• if necessary, cutting, sawing, kronirovanie or "treatment" of landscaping is carried out (cut dry branches of trees, renew or cut lawns, give the form of a hedge).

The improvement of domestic and public areas is carried out in accordance with certain regulatory documents, which, inter alia, determine the nature of repair work (current or capital).

Creating new elements involves:

• work with the landscape: paving slabs or asphalt on pedestrian paths, places of movement of vehicles and parking lots, construction of objects of small architectural forms (sculptural compositions, flower beds, lawns, fountains, etc.), installation of fences, fences, etc .;
• landscaping: planting shrubs and trees, the formation of hedges and other works approved in the design documentation;
• work on lighting equipment: installation of outdoor lighting and artistic lighting for lighting design of the courtyard and the district.

Work leading to a temporary disruption to the improvement of yard areas (for example, soil development) should be carried out in accordance with the requirements enshrined in the regulatory framework governing the conduct of excavation, repair and construction work.

The Rules for the technical operation of housing contain indications of the frequency and scope of work aimed at maintaining the proper condition of residential buildings, common areas and the surrounding area.

What work is being done to improve the courtyard

The Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation has developed and approved a document regulating the work related to the overhaul and maintenance of facilities aimed at landscaping courtyards and public areas, and their maintenance. These requirements are spelled out in the Classification of works on overhaul and maintenance of highways of public importance and the maintenance of structures installed on them.

The basis for establishing the list and terms of roadwork are: a list of defects, diagnostics, engineering reports, design and other documents that give a real assessment of the condition of a particular object.

• Export of asphalt chips.The work is carried out by an enterprise conducting road repair. The terms depend on the significance of the highway (road): on the main ones - they are taken out immediately (as a chip appears), on the secondary ones - within 24 hours.
• Recycling  landscaping facilities. The work is carried out by enterprises engaged in cutting down.

The timing of waste collection from cutting down landscaping objects depends on the significance of highways and streets along which work is carried out: from main streets - until the end of the working day, from secondary streets and courtyards of MKD - within 24 hours.

• Kickarising as a result of cutting down landscaping objects and located along the main roads, it is necessary to uproot during the day;
• Fallen treesremoves the owner (owner) of the territory. If the tree fell on the roadway, sidewalk, next to live wires in front of the facade of a house or industrial building, it is cleaned immediately. The release of other objects is given 8 hours from the moment of detection of a fallen tree.
• Ballot box cleaning  held at least 1 time per day, it is desirable that this be done as they are filled. Damaged ballot boxes must be repaired or replaced within 24 hours from the date of failure.
• Container sites  must comply with the approved sanitary and hygienic requirements, according to which garbage should be removed in the warm season every day, and in the cold 2-3 times a week. You need to clean up the site every day. Landscaping of courtyards involves the maintenance of container sites, so this is the responsibility of the organization with which a contract has been concluded for the removal of solid and bulky waste. If there is no such agreement, then this element rests with the shoulders of those who own the land allotted for garbage containers.

Cleaning of the territory related to MKD, courtyards, crowded places (for example, station squares, markets, squares, etc.) is carried out during the working day.

Landscaping of courtyards is closely related to landscaping, because it pursues the same goal: creating a harmonious space on a specific site.

Modern courtyards of apartment buildings is a space organized in a special way and satisfying the basic needs of residents, each part of the yard is unique and has a specific functional purpose. The improvement of the courtyards covers all the elements of the modern courtyard: paths, platforms, driveways, house lanes and landscaping, creating a single compositional solution that is in harmony with the concept of the entire district.

• House strip - a rather peculiar element of the yard to be landscaped and bearing a different functional load (protective, environmental and aesthetic). The house strip can be landscaped in different ways, it all depends on the desire and capabilities of the owners: from raising flower beds and lawns to installing sun loungers and benches. The width of the strip is not standard set and ranges from 3-15 m, of course, that this is reflected in its “functionality”: it protects from dust and noise, cleans the air or simply pleases the eye.

Often, a house strip is used to highlight the entrance to a house: climb plants, unusual shrubs or trees, plant various backlights, etc.

• Garden pathsand various sites, according to the current regulatory documents, should be at least 15% of the total undeveloped yard area. Today, a lot of attention is paid to the improvement of urban courtyards, because the yard should be convenient and comfortable. The width of the courtyard paths is affected by the intensity of pedestrian traffic along it. The permissible width of pedestrian alleys ranges from 2.5 to 3 m, paths from 1.5 to 2.5 m, and paths from 0.5 to 0.75 m (usually the same width is set from beginning to end, but not excluded and extraordinary design). If benches are installed along the path, then they arrange a kind of “pocket” (a depression of up to 1.5 m). You can cover the tracks with asphalt, concrete (both monolithic and tile), side stone, brick or gravel chips, etc.
• Playgrounds.For children of different ages (nurseries, preschool children and primary schoolchildren), separate, fenced off from each other, playgrounds are installed. Shrubs or other landscaping objects are usually used as fences. If it is not possible to allocate a lot of space for the site, then the width of the plantings is reduced and can be 0.5-1 m. Often this leads to the fact that they are gradually "compared" to the ground. In this case, it is advisable, carrying out landscaping of courtyards and placing children’s and sports grounds, farm buildings, to be guided by the approved standards, according to which they should have such qualities as pedestrian accessibility and minimal fences.

Landscaping of playgrounds has several goals: protection from the wind, providing shade in the hot season and, most importantly, isolation from the roadway. In addition, the sites should have optimal lighting and be well ventilated.

The choice of plants must be approached quite seriously. Thorny bushes and plants with poisonous or inedible fruits should not be planted. It is better if it is trees and shrubs that have beneficial effects on the environment and are healthy.

• Sports groundsequip, calculating the footage by the number of residents (1 m 2/1 people). They can be located in the space between the courtyards if the housing estate is too densely built up. In this case, it is necessary to observe the distance from the windows of the house (at least 15 m). When landscaping sports grounds, several conditions must be met: first, the grounds should be well ventilated; secondly, planted hedges should provide protection from noise and the sun. If a mesh fence is installed around the site, then it is advisable to put climbing plants on them. Along the entire perimeter of the sports ground, trees with a dense crown should be planted. Before planting, it should be taken into account that the crown of the trees must be dark, and the trees themselves are wind and frost resistant (so that the broken branches do not fall on the site). These stands should not bloom and clog the area with petals and seeds.
• Utility sitesthey are equipped taking into account their functional purpose: cleaning and airing clothes, drying clothes, knocking out carpets, installing garbage containers, etc.

When landscaping courtyards, it is important to consider that utility sites should be isolated from recreational areas and other sites either by green spaces, or walls built of brick or concrete blocks (in this case, it is necessary to use vertical landscaping by planting climbing plants).

• Drying areas,as well as areas for airing clothes, it is necessary to protect from dust, but, at the same time, a lot of sun should fall on them. As a rule, they have a lawn and tile cover, and the perimeter of the site is landscaped.

If there is no garbage chute in the house, then it is necessary to install containers and garbage containers in the yard. Such a site should be covered with asphalt or concrete, and plants around it that have phytoncidal properties (trees or tall bushes that clean the air well) should be planted around it.

The relief, which plays an important role

Landscaping of courtyards cannot be carried out without taking into account the terrain, which can be both natural and artificial. To create a relief, you can use different types of plastic, which will help protect the yard from noise and dust, divide it into zones, and expand opportunities for children's games. Often, an artificially created relief is used to mask sites and various courtyard structures (utility and engineering).

An important role in landscaping is played by taking into account the possibilities of natural relief. For example, if there is a natural depression, then it is better to equip the site there so that it is far away from the place of traffic and pedestrians. And if you plant bushes or trees around it, you can create the impression of complete isolation from external influences.

Landscaping of the yards cannot do without landscaping, the implementation of which uses a lot of picturesque techniques. Gardening is often carried out with the aim of “smoothing out” the formality and typicality of the building, for which the familiar trick is already used: a lawn and a lawn surrounded by trees or shrubs.

The minimum list of work on landscaping courtyards:

• repair of driveways in the yards;
• installation of street lighting devices;
• installation of benches and ballot boxes.

Additional list of works:

• creation of sports and playgrounds;
• equipment for parking lots;
• gardening of the local area;
• other jobs.

Why do I need an improvement passport

Passports for landscaping elements and territories adjacent to the MKD began to be issued relatively recently, however, this service has shown its effectiveness and has become quite popular.

Purpose of certification  - competent division of the city territory into separate sections, which will provide optimal care. Objects located in this territory should be provided with appropriate content. In addition, this procedure makes it possible to plan and implement measures aimed at the improvement of domestic territories, which may include the following:

• planning and installation of playgrounds for children;
• equipment of places for rest;
• allocation of additional parking spaces;
• installation of facilities designed to create comfortable conditions for residents of the city and in harmony with the architectural style of the area.

We can conclude that the issuance of a passport for the improvement of domestic territories contributes to the implementation of the planned, well-controlled maintenance of municipal territories.

In order to be able to control the process of improvement, in each case a document is issued, which is called a passport for improvement of the courtyard. The document indicates information regarding a specific yard., eg:

• total area of \u200b\u200bthe territory (with boundaries);
• landscaping facilities located in this territory (actual and planned);
• places of movement and parking of vehicles (turns and parking lots);
• landscaping areas;
• pedestrian walkways, sidewalks, fences and fences;
• children's / sports grounds and recreational facilities for adults;
• technical characteristics of objects of improvement.

In the event that any special zones are located in the yard (for example, the location of the fire or other specialized equipment), the list may be increased.

Therefore, a passport for the improvement of the yard territory is needed in order to guarantee the establishment of order in a particular territory. Our company employs specialists who can quickly solve the tasks set by the customer and take into account the individual needs and capabilities of each client.

Where to order a passport for improvement of domestic territories, how much does it cost and how to get it

When choosing a company, pay attention to the following:

1. Duration of activity (more than 2 years, it is better to ask for feedback from former customers and find out the number of well-executed orders, it is desirable that the performance be 100 percent).
2. The volume of services provided (the requirement is specified in PP-743).
3. A visit to the territory by a surveyor and its measurement.
4. A visit to the territory by a dendrologist to examine vegetation.
5. Registration of a passport for the improvement of domestic territories (form PP-743).
6. Preparation of an inventory plan, in accordance with the requirements of the Department of Environmental Management (in electronic form).
7. Entering the data obtained as a result of inventory in the AIS Register of green spaces.
8. Coordination with the DPiOOS and DZHKHiB electronic version of the Passport.
9. Cost of services.

The cost of company services is formed by two indicators: types and quality of work. Unfortunately, one may encounter contracting organizations that ignore the requirements of the Department of Environmental Management (DPiOOS), this information can be obtained by phone: 8-495-531-20-08 ext. 1320, 1522, 1524 (Register of green spaces of the Department of Environmental Management). The final price of the work reflects the size of the territory (total area), which must be confirmed by the Land Certificate (moreover, for each territory for which the passport is issued). Order No. 27-P dated October 30, 2012 indicates state prices for a number of works, in addition, the company may perform some work at commercial prices (according to the tariffs approved by this company).

What forms the final cost of quality work? Consider the example of average rates used in Moscow:

1. 20 thousand rubles / 1 ha - geodetic survey;
2. 6 thousand rubles / 1 ha - dendrological examination;
3. 10 thousand rubles / 1 ha - processing of data obtained as a result of surveying and surveying (desk processing), working with a map, creating an inventory plan in accordance with the requirements and placing it on an interactive map of the city in DPiOSS (M: 1: 500) ;
4. 2 thousand rubles / 1 passport - entering data into the AIS Register of green spaces;
5. 10 thousand rubles - the service of coordinating the passport with the Department of Public Health and Environmental Protection and DzhKKhiB (making corrections according to the comments, working with the document until a positive result is obtained, which can last for 2-6 months).

So, on average, the creation of a Passport for the improvement of domestic territories at commercial rates can cost 48 thousand rubles.

Now let’s figure out what is the difference between certification at commercial rates and turnkey work for 15 thousand rubles / 1 ha.

1. 2 thousand rubles - the data obtained as a result of geodetic surveying is publicly available (M 1:10 000), therefore it is not carried out;
2. 2 thousand rubles - arrangement of landscaping objects (dendrological examinations are not carried out);
3. 10 thousand rubles - cameral processing and work with cards are carried out on the basis of data that are publicly available (M 1: 2000);
4. 1 thousand rubles - it is not necessary to enter the data in the AIS. The register of green spaces, sometimes only the area data is entered;
5. there is no service for coordinating the passport with the Department of Public Health and Social Protection and DzhKKhiB (making corrections on comments, working with the document until a positive result is obtained, which can last for 2-6 months).

In this case, the cost of completing the Passport for the improvement of domestic territories is, on average, 15 thousand rubles.

To order a Passport, you must prepare the following:

1. List of addresses.
2. Indication of the area (in m 2) at each address.
3. Ground certificates (scanned).
4. FULL NAME. and contact details of the person responsible for conducting an inventory of improvement of domestic territories by the Customer.

The following sections should be included in the Certification Agreement:

1. Subject of the Contract.
2. Terms and procedure for order fulfillment.
3. The cost of providing the service, the procedure and type of settlements.
4. The order of acceptance / delivery of work.
5. Rights and obligations of the Parties to the Agreement.
6. Warranty
7. Responsibility of the Parties.
8. Force majeure circumstances.
9. The procedure for resolving disputes.
10. Duration and procedure for amending the Agreement.
11. Legal addresses, details and signatures of the Parties.

Applications:

• Appendix 1. Cost estimate for work (inventory, registration of landscaping objects, preparation and execution of a passport for landscaping yard areas, entering data into the AIS of the Green Plant Registry).
• Appendix 2. Work plan (calendar).
• Appendix 3. Description of the technical specifications.
• Appendix 4. List of addresses.

MatchingPassports are carried out on the basis of the Decree of the Government of Moscow No. 743-PP dated September 10, 2002 “On the Approval of the Rules for the Creation, Maintenance and Protection of Green Plants in Moscow” (Clause 7.3).

The powers to coordinate the Passports for the improvement of domestic territories in Moscow are vested in: the Department of Housing and Public Utilities and the Improvement of Moscow, the Department of Nature Management of Moscow.

ActualizationPassports for the improvement of domestic territories are held every year.

The actualization of the inventory data is carried out directly by persons who have the right to a land plot, which is the territory of the green fund of the city of Moscow, or third-party organizations entitled to perform these works.

To carry out field work, you can use the inventory plan, which is located in the Moscow information systems. This plan is subject to changes that have occurred in the area during the year.

The results of updating are entered into certain information systems. If the execution of work is related to the procurement or provision of services that satisfy the needs of the city or state, then the deadline corresponds to the time specified in the state agreement / contract. In other cases, the update results must be entered during the reporting year.

Updating in the AIS implies making changes to the data and fields of the passport that occurred for the reason specified in the system. It could be the following:

• Changes that occurred at the facility amounted to more than 50%.
• Connection of 2 or more Passports for the improvement of domestic territories.
• Division of one Passport into 2 or more.
• Replacement of the Passport (instead of the Passport for 267-RZM, the passport for 743-PP is entered).
• There were no changes.
• Other reasons.

Passports with an “Approved” mark are updated.

What is the procedure for landscaping yard areas

The municipal program for the improvement of domestic territories provides for the presence of "their" legal documents, which clearly spelled out the procedure for the improvement. However, there is a certain list of works that are recommended for implementation. This will be discussed.

Start by dividing the yard space into private and public. Thus, you can ensure the safety of representatives of various groups of residents.

To do this, it is necessary, first of all, to highlight the entrance to the courtyard (lights, signs, etc.). Now you need to determine the boundaries of the territory of the house (a fence is not always an ideal option, it is better to do this by planting trees or shrubs). And finally, you can start organizing thoroughfares (main and secondary), improve the entrances to the entrances (build ramps, designate a place for parking bicycles, etc.).

The next stage of work is the formation of a comfortable territory, namely parking lots. The improvement program for the courtyard areas of apartment buildings recommends that several types of parking spaces be arranged: for residents (flat), for guests (linear) and for the disabled. The number of parking spaces should preferably be discussed with the residents of the house.

It is desirable that the territory is well lit, this will require installation of additional lights:

• 5-7 meters - near the entrance to the house;
• 7-9 meters - in the courtyards (for children / sports);
• 7 meters - near the driveways.

When implementing a plan for landscaping a courtyard, you need to take care of all groups of residents, and first of all, children. In order for them to develop well and harmoniously, it is necessary to equip playgrounds that meet the needs of children of different age categories (up to 3 years old, 3-7 years old, 7-12 years old, 12-15 years old).

Playgrounds should be equipped with:

• ballot boxes;
• a stand with information;
• soft coating;
• benches or other places for sitting;
• canopy;
• a place for board games;
• game complexes;
• items for outdoor games, etc.

Playgrounds for leisure of adult residents should be formed in such a way that it was possible to work out on them (exercise equipment, table tennis, etc.) and relax quietly (for example, play board games).

If, when landscaping the courtyards, you will arrange a platform for walking animals (no matter fenced or not), this will greatly protect residents and will have a good effect on the sanitary and hygienic condition of the entire yard.

If the site is not fenced, then it must be equipped with a stand with information, urns, soft cover and seating areas. If this is a fenced area, then a gate is also needed.

A very important issue when landscaping courtyards is landscaping. In fact, management companies are obliged to do this, provided that this land is a common property of MKD.

New plantings are designed to improve climate control and to protect against sunlight, noise, wind and exhaust gases.

Of course, the courtyard is not dimensionless, and everything is simply impossible to accommodate. Therefore, it is always an individual project. It is very important that all decisions regarding the creation of a comfortable territory be taken together, after discussion with the residents.

The project for the improvement of domestic territories is developed in the following order:

• determination of the type of yard;
• breakdown into zones;
• discussion with the tenants of the concept of improvement;
• development and approval of a joint project;
• joint implementation of an approved project.

How and by whom is the yard project usually developed

The project, in accordance with which the improvement of courtyards located within the city is carried out, is being developed taking into account the requirements of the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation and the current norms and rules (construction, sanitary, fire, etc.).

Improvement of the courtyards of municipalities is carried out according to the design project developed by the city administration.

The design project consists of a textual and visual description of the object. It includes the concept of the project and a list (both textual and visual) of the components planned for deployment in this territory.

The composition of the project documentation depends on what work is planned for implementation. This can be a project and a detailed estimate, a simpler option is also possible: an image of the courtyard area and a description of the planned works and activities.

In order to discuss the design of the courtyard territory approved by the commission with the tenants of apartment buildings, participants need to invite interested persons who will be representatives of the owners of housing located on this site for discussion.

Interested parties are considered owners of apartments, buildings and structures located within the territory of the courtyard planned for improvement.

The discussion organizer needs to make an announcement about the discussion of the design project with interested parties. If such a need arises, the message will need to be published in the media.

The organizer must ensure discussion and approval of the design project for domestic areas. Only after that the document can be submitted for approval by the Commission.

The commission should consider and approve the design project for the improvement of domestic territories within 10 working days from the date of approval of the document with a person representing the interests of owners and other interested parties.

What includes the project of improvement of the adjacent territory of an apartment building and its landscaping

The project for the improvement of domestic territories should be divided into 2 parts  depending on the area involved.

1. Improvement of residential buildings, urban complexes, housing estates, neighborhoods.
2. Improvement of yard territories or sites and their gardening.

The main elements of landscaping and landscaping located on the developed territory are:

• vertical layout of the territory;
• cartogram of soil;
• road and driveway plan;
• the laying of roads and driveways;
• installation of stairs and walls for props;
• the installation of fences and fences;
• landscaping;
• organization of parking lots;
• arrangement of children's / sports grounds, places for recreation for adults and grounds for walking pets, installation of equipment on the grounds;
• construction and installation of objects of small architectural forms.

The basis for the preparation of the Land Improvement Project is the General Development Plan (M: 1: 500). Therefore, it will be more correct if both documents are developed simultaneously: the General Plan of Development, and the Project. When developing the Project, they use small architectural forms that are typical. However, if the Design Assignment contains instructions for the installation of non-standard small architectural forms, it is possible to develop an individual project.

In addition, an individual approach to design is carried out if it is necessary to take into account the features of the territory, for example, when designing gardens, parks, squares, etc.

The law on the improvement of domestic territories contains an indication of their mandatory landscaping. Therefore, in the Project it is necessary to reflect the artificial environment, for the creation of which natural components will be applied.

The first stage of work on the project is the creation of a sketch, and the stage of preparation of the drawings completes the work on the landscape design project.

The finished project contains:

• The project for the improvement of domestic territories (a plan reflecting the location and detailed description of the components, the materials involved, a description of the appearance of the facilities, accessories).
• Gardening project (plan for planting trees and shrubs).
• The project of relief organization (shows the features of the relief, its characteristic features, slopes and their direction, components of the organization of runoff from the surface, i.e. ditches, wells, etc.).
• Classification of materials, determination of the scope of work, balance of areas (these data are required for the calculation of materials and work with the landscape).

When developing all the materials of the gardening project for yard areas, a scale of 1: 200 is used. Further work with the documentation should begin only after the approval of the General Plan.

Tree planting  - one of the key moments of landscaping yard areas. When choosing materials, you are faced with a rather serious problem: is it possible to combine in one territory (rather limited) certain plants. We want to talk about the features of conifers and deciduous plants in order to warn you of possible mistakes.

For example, do conifers have any influence on the development of deciduous? Experts are sure that they are having. Spruces, for example, have a branched root system located on the surface, as a result of which they need a large feeding area. Therefore, trees growing near the spruce, develop very poorly or die. Rowan, euonymus and elderberry are trees that more or less get along with such a "neighbor."

Although decorative spruce and decorative fruit plants coexist perfectly. If you plant blue spruce, Roialiti berry apple and linden in a "bunch" way (the distance between the trunks is 3-3.5 m), you get a pretty effective picture, emphasizing the improvement of courtyard areas.

Please note that conifers, as well as deciduous trees, need pruning. Experts recommend cutting the lower branches of conifers over the summer. This should be done with a secateurs that have been disinfected with a thick solution of potassium permanganate. Having cut the branch, it is necessary to immediately cover up the place of the cut with the oil paint that artists use. Thus, you will protect the tree from infection and prevent the resin from flowing out.

Quite often, when landscaping courtyards, people ask the question: how to stop or limit the growth of conifers? Is it possible? Undoubtedly, pine is a very beautiful tree. But sometimes its height reaches 3 meters, which greatly obscures the territory. It is unfortunate, but without suppressing the tree, it is not possible to limit its growth. You can stop the growth of the tree in height, if at the end of May break out part of the "young", but then begins the intensive growth in breadth. If many young pines appeared on the territory, then, as long as the size allows, they can be transplanted to the edge of the forest or in a forest belt (this is done at the end of August). Small areas are best landscaped using a pine "Gnome" or Watereri (they are not cheap, but grow up to 2-2.5 m).

Expert Opinion

The project of improvement of the adjacent territory of an apartment building   necessarily agree with residents

Roman Uhabin,

deputy Director of the Department of Improvement and Road Facilities

First, we introduce the residents of the apartment building to the “draft version” of the yard improvement project. At this stage, they can make their proposals on the location and size of parking lots, sites, sidewalks and other amenities. We are finalizing the project and approving it together with the residents. Only after that we start work on the design and estimate documentation.

What is the inventory procedure for domestic territories?

The inventory of domestic territories is carried out strictly according to a pre-compiled schedule, which indicates the date, time and place of its holding. This procedure is carried out by examining the inventory area and objects located on it.

The basis for the inventory is the actual data of the departments of the city administration, vested with authority in the field of municipal property management, land resources and social protection of citizens, with information on the territory of apartment buildings, elements, persons having a disability group and living in certain MKD.

If the MKD is located in the territory belonging to the city and is not included in the Urban Plan or in the Housing Relocation and Demolition Programs for budget funds, then inventory measures are taken for it.

When determining the boundaries of the territory of the MKD yard, it is impossible to go beyond the established limits and combine the sections of different MKD.

During the inspection of the territory of the MKD courtyard, owners of premises in an apartment building or persons representing them, employees of the management company and other persons whose presence is agreed with the chairman of the Inventory Commission may be present.

After carrying out the inventory, a passport for improvement of domestic territories is drawn up.

An inventory of the public territory, which is located on the territory of the municipality, including municipal property, is being carried out.

After taking an inventory of the public territory, a passport for the improvement of domestic territories is issued. Passport compilation and registration is carried out by the Secretary of the Inventory Commission.

Until December 31, 2023, the Secretary of the Commission shall keep Passports of public, domestic territories.

If a new courtyard area is formed, existing courtyard territories are combined or divided, a new Passport of courtyard territories is issued. The same is done if the Passport is not approved or missing. In other cases, after taking the inventory, the current Passport is updated.

Updating the Passport is carried out if the yard territory has undergone changes (the data on the site itself has changed or the objects located on it have changed) and there is a discrepancy with the data indicated in the 2017 Passport.

From 2018 to 2022 updating of Passports of public territories is not carried out.

Federal program for the improvement of domestic territories 2017-2022

The Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation has embarked on the implementation of a priority state project aimed at the improvement of domestic and public territories. Project goal: from 2017 to 2022 to refine the municipalities in which the population exceeds 1000 people. The project budget in 2017 amounted to 20 billion rubles: 6.5 billion rubles. - to parks and places of mass recreation for citizens, the rest of the money - in the courtyards of the MKD.

Any region that concluded an agreement on subsidies for the reconstruction of domestic territories with the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation could take part in the project. To do this, it was necessary to create a working group that will implement the project and identify pilot cities for 2017 (regional centers and single-industry towns are included without fail).

To date, 72 Russian regions have passed a competition for the improvement of domestic territories. Their leaders entered into agreements with the Ministry.

The next stage is the creation of municipal rules and the development of a regional program for 2018-2022. The region should have a clear schedule of work, as well as an idea of \u200b\u200bthe economic condition of the municipality and the amount of work.

Yard MKD - the main design unit. To participate or not in the project, residents of the apartment block decide by holding a general meeting. If the answer is yes, then the corresponding application for participation is submitted to the city operator of the project: from residents, from the HOA of MKD, from the management company. The applicant, together with the operator, prepares a design project for the yard, which is submitted for consideration by a special commission. The commission evaluates the application and sets points, on the basis of which a queue is created for the improvement of domestic territories. Criteria for evaluating applications: the number of residents in the MKD, the degree of their joint participation, the quality of the design project.

Priorities of the project: independence and joint participation of residents of MKD. If these factors are absent, the region will not be able to absorb the allocated funds, for which executives face punishment.

The improvement program should be written before September 1, 2017.

Municipal rules and the Law on liability for violation of the Rules must be approved before 01.11.2017

On the one hand, a forced scenario has been prepared for the project, but, on the other hand, it is the most daring experiment of the center: there are no restrictions on the number of yards, nor on the estimate, nor on the degree of complicity of the residents of MKD.