A pitched roof is an original, economical and beautiful choice. Finnish house with a pitched roof projects Modern projects of two-storey houses with a pitched roof

Pitched roofs are divided into 8 large groups, among which the type of roof with one inclined plane occupies a special place.

Of course, hardly anyone can compete with, the peak of their popularity fell in the second half of the last century.

However, in our time, specialists and construction customers are increasingly paying attention to .

The essence and peculiarity of such a shelter is extremely simple. The load-bearing structure is supported by multilevel external walls.

This phenomenon has a very attractive appearance, but due to its structural features it is not advisable to use it to create the "top" of a house, a summer residence or any other important building or room.

One inclined surface is ideal for a veranda, terrace, as well as storage and utility rooms.

One of the main advantages of this eaves is wind resistance.... This is a design-dependent option, as this is not a serious slope in the covered surface.

ATTENTION!

To reduce the dependence on precipitation in the form of snow, it is necessary to carefully approach the calculation of the cross-sections of the structural components during the design period. With regard to insulation - this aspect is especially important with minimal angles of inclination.

Thus, the area of influence of the wind force is significantly reduced, which leads to a stable resistance to air gusts. If the room is located in an area prone to frequent winds, experts advise the establishment of curbs.

Therefore, these measures will reduce the likelihood of roofing to a minimum. It is advisable to use galvanized iron or shingles as the top layer of the curb in order to avoid dampness of the fences.

Very often, when it comes to construction or renovation, a person tries to buy the necessary materials as profitably as possible and at budget prices. A canopy with one slope fits perfectly into the "economy" category, and besides, cheap prices are not reflected in its appearance.

For example, costs in comparison with a gable surface are half as much.

The construction content of the pitched roof roofing process does not require special knowledge and many years of experience in the architectural field. Everything is extremely simple, so you can do it yourself. Quite not complicated and.

In addition to the listed advantages, we note the following:

Rational use of the available space in the attic. As an option - the creation of an attic floor;
Relatively light weight of the inclined plane, which excludes connection to the process of installing lifting equipment;
No restrictions due to the area of the house;
High level of maintainability;
Possibility of choice (the only caveat is taking into account the angle of inclination);
Preconditions for installing solar panels.

Installation of solar panels

The list of disadvantages is several times less:

For the sake of an attractive appearance, you must try. Focus on the quality of materials and facade work;
Increased sensitivity to snow loads;
The need to strengthen the hydro and inclined plane;
Complicated organization due to fluid flow to one side.

Increased sensitivity to snow loads

Should you make a private house with a pitched roof?

Despite the fact that in most cases similar ideas are not approved by professionals, there are situations when a house with this type of roof is a reasonable and safe solution.

CAREFULLY!

A single slope roof is difficult to withstand rainfall resistance.

Therefore, no precipitation - no problem, therefore being in an area with a dry climate, this idea can be safely implemented.

The slope in such a situation should be set within 5%. In turn, regions with cold or temperate climates which is spent more or less under snowfall, not very suitable for almost flat roofs.

But if 10-20 years ago the geographical "diagnosis" was perceived as a sentence, now they will simply start to increase the strength of the future roof. If you still achieve a slope in the range of 90-100%, then the idea is really expedient. Currently, there are many opportunities in the construction industry, but be prepared for additional costs.

Shed roof design - what you need to know?

Inclined planes are classified according to various criteria. In particular, this applies to emphasis. There are two types - with an emphasis on load-bearing walls of different or the same height .

The first option is used more often, but the lack of a high external wall can become a stumbling block, which will exclude the establishment of a high slope. Second concept this does not imply, but this, perhaps, the pluses end there - he much more expensive.

The slope issue is one of the main ones. The optimal range is around 10-30 degrees, the extreme range is 5-60 degrees.

The figure depends on the following factors:

Precipitation volume;
Indicators of wind flows;
Selected roofing material.

The more precipitation in the area, the greater the slope... For example, in regions with heavy snowfall, the slope should be at least 40 degrees. Otherwise, there is a threat of damage to the supporting structures due to accumulated precipitation.

Below are the degree correspondences to the types of shelter:

5-7 degrees for roofing material;
3 degrees higher y range;
25-35 - for;
Slightly smaller requirements are put forward for slate (20-30 degrees), practically the same for standing seam roofs (18-28).

It is advisable to increase the degree marks by several units in those areas where a lot of snow falls. Such non-compliance does not apply to metal tiles, because it threatens to get water due to the low density of the seams.

An equally relevant issue is the definition of the type of roof in the context of ventilated / non-ventilated. In the first case, it is said about a reliable and durable home surface, while the second option is suitable for "light" rooms like a terrace and through a minimum slope (4-6 degrees) can bring a lot of worries in the winter.

As a material for a single-slope top, the undisputed leader on demand is the wood of the coniferous "family". This is due to its resistance to decay, mold and other vermin. Pay attention to the percentage of humidity - the indicator should not exceed the 20-22 mark.

As a preventive measure against pests we recommend treating the wood with a fire retardant and antiseptic.

Houses with a pitched roof: photos of projects below.

House project

Two-storey house project

One-story frame house project

Finnish house

Varieties of design and design

The top with one slope is not a limiter in the fantasy of forming the appearance of the roof.

Many successful projects have been implemented, within the framework of which a "sloping" roof or through facades were created.

It is not necessary to copy the idea seen live or on the Internet - this type of brownie top is supportive of various architectural collages.

Projects of houses with a pitched roof:

Example project # 1... Private house with an area of 240 sq.m. Additional premises and ground floor are not provided. Aerated concrete is used as a wall material, and reinforced concrete slabs are the basis of the foundation. Cladding - plaster or wooden lath to choose from.

Example project no. 2... Two-storey house of 225 sq.m with an attic, a garage, a balcony on the 2nd floor. The foundation is the same as in the first example, the walls are made of aerated concrete with brick cladding. The use of decorative tiles is possible. Roof type - to choose from, taking into account climatic conditions.

The main task is to harmoniously reunite those examples that are collected in one project. Attention should be paid to the possibility of installing solar panels, which were already mentioned above - this will make the roof even more functional. And a literate one will keep your house safe and sound for a long time.

Shed roofs: projects and drawings

Drawing of a house with a pitched roof

Frame house project

House scheme

Useful video

In this video, you will see an example of a project of a house with a pitched roof:

In contact with

A pitched roof, according to modern architects, is of primary decisive importance in the development of not only economy class housing, but also stylish one. After all, those efforts and costs that usually go to the construction of a multi-slope can now be directed to the exterior. For example, for the construction of a swimming pool in front of the house or an extension of a barbecue terrace. And the rest of the lean-to roof is not inferior at all in anything.

Therefore, it does not mean at all that a house with a pitched roof will turn out to be unprepossessing or too simple. On the contrary, by playing with the slope and direction of such a structure, roofing material and interior space, you will get a unique architectural project that none of your friends will definitely have. And our site will make such a house inexpensive in construction and modern both inside and outside!

Architectural Advantages of Shed Roofs

Of course, where gable roofs have existed for thousands of years, everything unusual seems ugly and ridiculous. But the Eiffel Tower in France in the first years of its construction confused the locals with its "unprepossessing".

The fashion for single-slope European villas came to the Russian open spaces quite recently. And until now, individual architects rebel against this trend, calling mono-pitched roofs exclusively "sheds" and claiming that clients do not even look at such projects.

But in fact, not only the customers of their future "dream house", but self-builders with golden hands are increasingly making the roofs of their buildings exactly lean-to, with different angles, directions and combinations with other roofs. Because, in addition to the more dynamic look that only an inclined plane can give, pitched roofs are actually more functional and even economical.

Most often, in world practice, pitched roofs can be found in Finnish houses, which are known for their pleasant combination of modesty and restraint:

In warm and hot countries, houses with a pitched roof are especially popular: you do not need any insulation from the inside, the design always looks original, and in terms of costs, such a roof is much cheaper. So the northern countries began to adopt this useful fashion.

For example, not so long ago, a new type of residential building was created in Norway - a high-tech one with a sloping roof of 19 °. It generates energy by itself, thanks to solar panels on the roof: the atrium has enough thermal mass to accumulate enough heat in a day and give it away all night. And not only give, but also provide the whole house with electricity.

And for water heating of walls and floors, rainwater heated by the sun is used, which flows down the pitched roof directly into the drain. With a conventional gable or hip roof, none of this would have been possible!

Is it worth doing a “one-roll” for a residential building?

Until recently, pitched roofs could not be called popular in Russia. It just so happened historical that because of the winds and heavy snows in this country, the most practical proved to be gable roofs, which were sharp in more snowy regions, and gently sloping in more windy regions.

And purely visually, the indigenous population is used to seeing roofs on houses with a slope of at least 30-40 °, where there is a traditional attic for storing various things. And shed roofs carry such inconveniences:

An obscure space at the upper Mauerlat. You don't use it under the attic, but the attic turns out to be unusual. Leaving it without an attic - then the entire geometry of the interior will seem broken and cause discomfort.
On a gable roof, rainwater exerts twice as much pressure as on a gable. Why? It's simple: all the liquid that falls on it flows along one slope until it falls to the ground. And if you take and break this slope in half, with a "house", now the water will split into two streams at the ridge. And this is half the number and the influx. This is why pitched roofs are problematic in terms of leaks, especially if the choice of roofing material is wrong.
The pitched roof is one integral plane, and this is a real sail. That is why such roofs are the first to suffer in storms and strong winds.
The need for a solid rafter system. The load here is always less distributed than that of a gable roof, and therefore the rafters will have to be made thicker and stronger.
A complicated ventilation system, which is sometimes not given any attention at all, and then they are surprised at the short service life of such roofs.
Another disadvantage of such a roof is that during heavy snowfalls it will have to be cleaned, otherwise the roofing material and the building system may break. And on ordinary days, on the contrary, the snow itself comes off such a roof, and not like an avalanche, but gradually.
Unpopularity of experiments. Even more: neither the rich nor the poor want to risk their own investments in construction, and the designers completely fall into despair from any unusual roof.

Because of all these reasons, pitched roofs in our country in 99% of cases are found only in saunas, garages and summer cottages. Although, at the same time, in a region with little snow and not particularly windy, such a roof could bring many bonuses, including the same unusual stylish design.

Frame houses with a pitched roof are generally considered the most energy-efficient. This does not take into account the fact that the area of the southern wall in such a house will be the largest, and the northern wall - the smallest. Now see the difference with gable designs? Moreover, the northern side itself is still being built without windows, and serves as one of the walls of the utility room: a boiler room, a boiler or a locker, where garden tools are stored. But the presence of an attic under the roof in private construction is already considered obsolete.

A pitched roof is remarkable in that it has:

Simple construction. So simple that with a small private construction, they don't even make particularly accurate calculations for it. Here you do not need to adjust the slopes to each other, to achieve the identity of their weight and load on the walls. There is no need for complex support systems, which are often found in other types of roofs.
High practicality. In addition to the main functions of the roof, it is also used as an open area for a variety of purposes at a minimum angle of inclination.
Reliability. Due to its simplicity and unpretentiousness, such a roof is actually the most reliable among all the others.

And from the practical aspects, we will single out the following:

The ability to arrange a house without an attic and the problems associated with it.
The original geometry of the ceiling, which is used as a separate design element.
The absence of a ridge and crevices under it.
The ability to drain rainwater and snow from the roof only in one direction - where the slope is inclined. This is important if people are walking right in front of your house (like on the streets of a city) or you have laid out a beautiful garden and do not want to flood it in the rain.

And, of course, the simplicity of construction work:

Know-how: pitched roof combinations

There is one new architectural fashion: a gable roof, which consists of two gable, but not connected in a ridge. And technologically, we are still talking about two separate pitched roofs, which are built according to all the rules. And in the middle, either a flat part or an open terrace is placed between the two halves of the house. An incredibly successful and functional solution, we note, which allows you to add more natural light to the house.

Houses with a pitched roof are recognized throughout the world as the most favorable in terms of energy savings. Which is not surprising, because the cube also takes the first place in this regard, but what then is such a house, if not a cube?

Now we will tell you a secret: it's all about compactness. Any structure is called compact if it has as little as possible the area of all external surfaces. So, a house is sometimes built according to rather intricate projects, when almost every room has three outer walls, plus an even complex roof. And sometimes it happens that the rooms have only one such wall, and the roof is generally pitched.

What's the point? The fewer external surfaces that come into contact with the cold outside air, the warmer the house itself will be. This is why compactness is so important in construction!

In this design, everything is simple: single-pitched roofs are built according to the same patterns, but are based on two parallel Mauerlat-girders. And the main plus is that such an unstretched structure does not "push apart" the walls of the house with its pressure, which means that there are much fewer strength requirements for the frame structure itself. True, such a house should have at least two internal walls.

And in modern architecture, a new style has appeared relatively recently: roofs combined into a single whole, which have a slope in different directions.

Modern frame house: from foundation to roof

A frame house with a pitched roof is a structure made of lumber and fixed wood panels. The very frame of such a house must be built either from metal or from a bar of hard rocks. It is solid, while the rafters on the roof should be made just from conifers. Let's explain now.

The fact is that hardwoods tend to keep a geometric shape and do not change over time: do not dry out, do not sit down, do not twist. And, of course, they do not work well for bending due to such properties. But conifers are just good because they perfectly cope with dynamic loads, which is why the walls are made static and durable, and the rafters are more flexible and withstand both the shrinkage of the house and a slight deflection due to snow.

Although wonderful houses are obtained on a metal frame:

Foundation device for a frame house

For a small one-story house, the easiest way is to make a columnar foundation. But, if you are building a solid two-story frame house with a pitched roof, the technology will be a little different.

The fact is that a simple columnar foundation will no longer work here. A frame house tolerates seasonal ground movements, subsidence of the earth or other similar problems worse than any other, and therefore experienced builders advise making a slab foundation for it. This takes all the dynamic loads on itself, and the integrity of the frame is preserved.

Therefore, for a two-story house, make just such a foundation:

Or a more modern insulated Swedish plate:

Frame construction technologies for walls

In total, there are two main frame construction technologies.

Frame-panel technology

In this case, a frame house is built from different individual building materials: beams, cladding, insulation, interior decoration, steam and waterproofing. All this is attached to the frame in its own sequence, and as a result we have a house that is not worse in quality than a construction from a bar.

Here is a good example of building with this technology:

And the main components of a house built using this technology look like this:

Frame-panel technology

For the assembly of such houses, a detailed project is initially made, according to which shields of the required size are manufactured already in the factory. We are talking about multi-layer panels, which already initially include internal cladding, insulation and all types of insulation. All you need to do is fix these shields to the frame of the house, which generally takes only two days. As a result, the entire house, from design to roof arrangement, is built in just a week.

So, insulated SIP panels are most popular in frame-panel technology. SIP is a wall panel designed to carry longitudinal loads. A frame house based on Canadian technology, which precisely provides for the use of SIP, turns out to be especially warm and holistic.

And when building a frame house from such a material, the following question arises: should the roof be made of the same material, or is it traditional? With beams, rafters and battens? The fact is that the length of the overlap decides everything here.

So, with small spans, up to 5-6 meters, the pitched roof of a frame house may well be SIP. It will be already insulated, durable and easy to perform. Moreover, SIP has good bending strength. But for large spans, it is better to build traditional floors and reinforced rafters. After all, it is not possible to make a complex roof from SIP, but just a pitched roof is quite easy:

It is only important to know how to correctly connect the floor beams to such walls:

The device of a shed roof on a frame house

A pitched roof in the design world is also called a monoskat roof. Modern architects see a house with such a roof somehow differently than a lean-to or hip-roofed one: lighter, more airy and stylish.

A pitched roof behaves remarkably where spans are from 6 to 8 meters. Usually, the slope of the slope is made to the north, and large windows are equipped in the southern facades. Often, external insulation of such a roof is practiced: on top of extruded polystyrene foam, which is filled with a cement screed, and on top of it - a roofing carpet.

What is also good, the drainage system in such a roof is simplified and is needed only on one side, and not on two or four at once. But this is not necessary: on a south-facing slope, solar collectors are often equipped abroad.

Step 1. Design

A single-pitched roof of any format always differs from a gable roof in that here the rafters are not connected in the ridge, but are attached to the walls of the building with both ends. Those. there is no skate at all. The only exception is the girder on which the layered rafters are attached, but in height it never exceeds the level of the entire ramp.

If you are building using frame-panel technology, then the easiest way for you is to create a difference in the walls:

But if you use vulture panels or the walls are already made of the same height, then you will have to make trusses.

Sloped rafters in a pitched roof are made when the building has an internal strong partition. After all, the longer the rafter leg, the more there is a danger of its bending or eversion. Therefore, if there is an opportunity to support such rafters, you need to use it.

In this case, a purlin is attached to the load-bearing partition:

Now we make the rafters two times shorter - so that each of them rests on the wall with one end, and on the girder with the other. And be sure to check the angle of inclination of such rafters with a laser level - it must completely match. And outwardly, such a roof will not differ from simpler pitched roofs.

But in general, layered rafters of a pitched roof can be in all these options:

Although layered rafters in a single-pitched roof of a frame house can be generally non-spaced:

Hanging rafters are good because they can be built right on the ground, in the form of ready-made trusses. After all, their main difference from the layered ones is that the load is now transferred to the rafter triangle itself, and not to the walls of the building. And this is quite reasonable, because most often pitched roofs are arranged just on small buildings, such as a bathhouse, a garage or a change house. And the walls of those usually do not please with a special fortress.

So decide: if your building does not differ in the monumentality of the walls, make hanging rafters, and if it is more or less strong and there are inner walls, then layered ones. The choice is pretty simple!

Step 2. Cutout for Mauerlat

Have you decided? Then specify the future angle of inclination of such a roof and make a template for the rafters:

And the cut itself must be made in order to support the rafters of the pitched roof on the Mauerlat. The main task of the Mauerlat is to compensate for the horizontal unevenness of the walls. That is why when laying it, be sure to arm yourself with a building level.

Step 3. Making rafters

For this task you will need the following fasteners:

And how difficult your rafters will be, depends on what load is planned on them. The higher, the rafters should be more reinforced from the inside:

Step 4. Calculation of the lathing

Once you've secured the rafters, move on to the sheathing. The smaller the slope of the pitched roof, the more often the lathing should be (up to solid):

And on steeper slopes - whatever your heart desires, just calculate in advance the weight of the roof covering for the whole house and foundation:

It remains only to lay the selected roofing and organize the weir. Which, fortunately, in a pitched roof is done only on one side:

Step 6. Glazing

Recently, a new squeak of fashion has appeared in frame construction: cleanliness, laconicism and a lot of glass surfaces. What is most easily achieved precisely by frame technology, for which the presence of a single-pitched roof instead of massive and awkward multi-pitched roofs is a real outlet:

According to modern architects, the easiest way to bring more light and lightness into a frame house is to make transparent inserts in the roof or even some part of it to be light-transmitting. For example, over a covered veranda or part above the attic. Moreover, in fact, we are not talking about glass at all, but just about modern roofing polycarbonate, which is more often used monolithic or corrugated. There is a separate article on this on our website, but here we will only note some technical points.

When choosing the thickness of the polycarbonate that you are going to use for the roof construction, calculate in advance the climatic and static loads. You've probably seen a photo where the roofs of beautiful durable greenhouses are completely broken in the spring? And all because when buying, the owners decided to save on quality, without calculating, such tons of snow fall in the harsh Russian winters. You wouldn't want something like this to happen to the roof of your house, would you? After all, replacing the top of an ordinary greenhouse will not be difficult, but replacing the roof of a house is a real problem.

It is necessary to fasten the profiled polycarbonate sheets to the roof using the same fastening that is used for the metal profile. These are self-tapping and self-drilling screws of the STSD type. The sheets themselves are fastened together with special profiles, which are equipped with EPDM rubber seals. All this is necessary so that such a beautiful roof does not leak. There is also a special connecting aluminum profile for sale - for P-6066 polycarbonate. It consists of a special clamping strip and a seal, but it already needs to be fixed with self-tapping screws directly to the pipe or crate.

In addition, if you have residues of polycarbonate (after all, the sheets are standard), use it for glazing utility rooms:

And the excess from another roofing does not apply like that.

A house with a pitched roof, built using frame technology, with a competent approach, will be the most modern and stylish!

Nadezhda is a beautiful female name and we decided to give it to this particular house, a very modest size of 8x4 meters. The idea of this small Finnish house has been ripening with us for a long time. We created it for loving couples, young families, single people who are just going to start a family.

Despite the fact that this is a small and therefore inexpensive house, it embodies the most important principles of Finnish architecture: environmental friendliness, simplicity, style, quality, reliability.

Nadezhda is a Finnish house with a pitched roof and a veranda

It takes inspiration to create a beautiful home. Or luck. In this case, it was the second - we saw the project of a beautiful country house made of laminated veneer lumber on one of the professional design sites.

We really liked the veranda and the style of the house, and we transferred the idea to frame technology. Due to this, the house has become twice as warm and more suitable for permanent residence in the conditions of the Middle Urals. However, thanks to a well-thought-out design, the "Nadezhda" is suitable for any other regions of Russia - except for the Arctic regions. The proven "Rowan" is more suitable there.

Hope Concept

The first point that distinguishes Nadezhda from most of our projects is a pitched roof.

The advantages of a pitched roof are simplicity of design, low cost, and stylistic brevity. It is not for nothing that among the Scandinavian peoples, houses with pitched roofs are quite common.

The second idea of the house is a spacious veranda, which significantly increases the usable area of the house during the warm season.

The third idea is versatility: the project of a country house easily becomes a project of a house for permanent residence. Let's look at the layout.

Layout of a one-story country house Nadezhda measuring 8x4 plus a veranda

Veranda - 16 square meters in area. If desired, it can be increased, made open and, for example, partially glazed.

Entrance hall - 4 square meters, this area will optimally equip this space.

From the hallway doors into three rooms. A bathroom, I will not tire of repeating - a bathroom is necessary in a country house.

Kitchen, living room to the left - 11 square meters. The optimal size for such premises. A large window will fill the room with light and visually add additional volume.

The bedroom in our country house is also 11 meters in area. The standard size of the bedroom, which will fit a large bed, wardrobe and chest of drawers. In the bedroom, in our opinion, there should be no unnecessary cluttering furniture. Ideally, you can ditch the closet by placing items from it in a closet or another room.

Houses with a pitched roof are a simple construction and an unusual design. They are comfortable, practical and often cheaper. But they are rarely built in Russia. Typically, standard gable roof designs are preferred.

The peculiarity of lean-to houses is a low ceiling height. Therefore, it is not always possible to make an attic or an attic. But we have collected all the tips that will help you get another room under an unusual roof.

Learn about:

technical features of a pitched roof;
the pros and cons of the design;
how to make the most of the space;
interesting projects of houses with a pitched roof.

We will tell you everything worth knowing and show you interesting architectural solutions.

Key features of a pitched roof

First, briefly about the pros and cons of a pitched roof. The most basic information, nothing more.

Advantages of a shed roof

... Compared to gable roofs. The single slope design weighs less. But as the width of the house increases, this advantage disappears. All due to the complication of the support system and the redistribution of loads.

Less construction cost... Works for narrow houses and roofs with a slight slope. The larger the house and the higher the slope, the higher the cost. All due to the complication of the project and the increased consumption of materials for the creation of reinforcing structures.

Faster construction... On average, a gable roof is easier to make than a gable. Fewer problem areas in the center, easier load distribution systems. In small houses, enthusiasts make it with their own hands.

Cons of a pitched roof

It's harder to make the attic... It is necessary to raise the height of the walls, the angle of the roof or the width of the house. Sometimes combine these methods. Otherwise, there won't be enough space under the roof even for the attic. All this increases the cost of construction.
Important. By increasing the height of the walls, very high gables are obtained on one side. Most often, panoramic glazing is made on them so that everything looks beautiful. It is expensive.
Roof needs to be cleaned more often... Relevant for slopes up to 45 degrees. A lot of snow accumulates on them. You will have to regularly climb onto the roof and clean off the extra hat. Think about the installation.
You need a reliable gutter structure... Larger pipe diameter. More frequent metal fasteners. The water will drain to one side. Anything that hits the roof. It is necessary that the drainage system withstands such a flow.

What kind of pitched roofs are in house projects

Simple pitched roof... Option number 1 in standard projects of one-story houses. A roof that rests on a low wall on one side and a high one on the other. Everything is simple, nothing more. Suitable for lovers of minimalism.

Shed roof in two directions... Option for hi-tech lovers. In one half of the house, the roof is tilted to the right, in the other - to the left. If you look at such a cottage from the side of the entrance group, you will see a cross from the roofs. It looks unusual.

The design can be complicated and made at different levels. Attach the roof slightly lower to the high pediment. Someone's window will overlook the roof. Original solution.

Shed roof with decorations... Different slopes in different areas, protruding dormers, balconies, observation decks. You can combine anything. But the more complex the project of a house with a pitched roof, the more expensive the calculations, materials and construction are.

Technical features of a pitched roof - what you need to know before starting construction

In Russia, pitched roofs are usually used for non-residential, seasonal or temporary buildings. Summer cottages, change houses, garages. A gable roof is usually made over the cottages. Because she's more familiar.

Single-slope options are suitable for lovers of modern designs. Visually light, with good lighting and austere shapes. An interesting version of the attic is made with them - windows are placed in the entire wall on the protruding pediment. Get a beautiful panoramic view from the rooms.

In many ways, the internal structure of a gable roof is similar to a gable. But there are nuances, which we will talk about further. To compare everything yourself, read the article on the gable roof rafter system.

When placing a project of a house with a pitched roof, you need to take into account the wind rose

One of the most important points. An architect, when trying on a project of a house with a pitched roof on the ground, needs take into account the wind rose.

He will see where the wind is blowing from and with what force to put the house in that direction. Then the air currents will flow around the building. This will reduce the stress on the structure as a whole.

Consider the compass rose if you do it yourself. Improper placement of the cottage increases the load on the wall and roof. A pitched roof is a sail. On the one hand, it completely takes over the wind. There will be a strong squall, and the roof may be ripped off. You definitely do not need this.

Advice... In addition to the wind rose, consider the snowfall in winter. The larger it is, the higher the angle of inclination should be for natural precipitation. But you cannot make a roof above 45 degrees - this will also give too high a load.
If the slope of the roof is low, make a convenient exit upstairs. They will have to be used often in order to remove the accumulated hat or to knock down the ice that blocks the precipitation.

Internal structure of a pitched roof

transition from wood to stone walls. Without it, the point load will destroy and knock out bricks. With the Mauerlat, the pressure is evenly transferred to the wall.
Armopoyas... Analogue of Mauerlat for houses made of concrete blocks - Sibita. It is a belt with reinforcing reinforcement inside. It is needed to protect fragile blocks from damage from pressure from above.
Sill... Lies on the floor, takes the load from the racks and redistributes it. Without it, a high point impact will break through the floor.
Run... A horizontal beam that relieves the load on the rafters. Increases the rigidity of the battens. Does not allow the rafter system to bend.
Racks and struts... Supports that connect the girder and the bed. On them, the load goes further towards the floor.
Spacers... Supports between spans. They create additional rigidity of the frame. Increase the stability of the rafter system.

How can you make rafters

There are several options for rafter systems: layered, hanging and sliding. They are chosen based on the characteristics of the roof.

We will tell you which system is better to use where.

Sliding rafters

Reliable, but you will have to sacrifice part of the space in the attic.

The rafters rest on the outer walls and uprights between them. The greater the distance, the larger and more difficult the props need to be.

Plus layered rafters in reliability and cheapness. But the wider the house and the more complex the lintel, the higher the cost will be. So there is a balance to be struck.

Keep in mind that with this design, there will be less space in the attic. It will be eaten by additional supports. You will have to sacrifice part of the room or beat the beams with partitions.

The greater the width of the house, the more complex the construction of the rafter system

The wider the house, the more complex the construction of the shed roof truss system. This is due to a different distribution of loads.

Up to 4.5 meters... Make the simplest design. Walls on both sides, on which the rafters lie and that's it. You can continue to make the roof.

4.5 to 6 meters... Reinforcements are already needed for the stability of the structure. They put a rafter leg, which relieves the load from the roof and transfers it to the bed. Lezhen against the wall.

6 to 9 meters... In the center, a girder is installed on the rafters and a bed on the floor. Make a stand between them. A rafter leg on each side is supported on the bed.

9 to 12 meters... The system is made, as in the previous case - two struts, a run on the rafters, a bed on the floor, a stand. Additionally, a brace and a bed are made near a high wall.

More than 12 meters... The most complex construction. In the center, a system of two runs with racks and benches is made. They are connected by a fight, which does not allow the structure to part. The struts rest on the bed.

The wider the house, the more complex and expensive the rafter system.

Hanging rafters

The best option for creating a residential attic. Because they don't need side racks.

Hanging rafters are made from ready-made trusses. They are made for specific sizes at the factory. So a construction with ideal parameters comes to your site. The influence of the human factor is minimized.

They make trusses from metal and wood. Both are fine, but wood is preferred in most cases. It behaves better in living quarters and does not create additional cold bridges.

To install the farms, you will have to hire construction equipment. They are delivered to the construction site in stages, assembled on the ground and installed on the roof.

Sliding truss systems

This is a separate view only within the scope of the article. In fact, sliding systems are a way of attaching rafters for shrink houses. If you are building from raw wood or profiled timber, be sure to use such a mount.

During shrinkage, the geometry of the house changes. If the rafters are firmly fixed, the resulting tension will damage them. As a result, the entire roof will be broken. Will cease to protect against precipitation and low temperatures.

The way out is sliding mounts. They do not have a rigid fixation. The walls take in water and become larger - the rafters rise up. The tree dried up and sat down - the rafters came back. Everything works by itself.

How to use pitched roof space to create a comfortable attic

A pitched roof is beautiful and unusual, but it is more difficult to make a comfortable interior in it. All because of the slope of the roof. It gradually eats up the height of the room.

The interior design depends on the height of the walls. The higher they are, the more functional space.

The nuance is that too high walls increase the cost of building a house... This is most often associated with the installation of tall windows or the creation of a second light. You can do with ordinary windows, but then the attic will look less beautiful.

A wall that is too low on one side can severely limit the space available. Sometimes even a small bedside table cannot be placed under the slope. In this case, you have to fence off part of the room with plasterboard and create a new wall.

You can put everything under the ramp will use sitting or lying down: beds, desks, chairs, ottomans, low cabinets and so on.

Make an interior project together with the designer. It will show the location of the furniture, the proximity of the ceiling and a comparison of all this with the average height of a person. You can estimate how convenient it will be for everyone to use.

Make the most of the space along the high wall. Everything that will be there - you can use it to its full height. Therefore, first of all, try to put to the high wall everything that does not fit into the low wall. Wardrobes, children's sports facilities, multi-tiered beds and work tables with superstructures.

If you are not saving space, then a high wall is great for a bed. You can put a huge double model, next to the bedside tables and a chest of drawers at the feet. A classic approach to design like the rooms on other floors.

Choose projects of houses with pitched roofs, which use a second light and put a lot of windows. Natural light is a huge plus of such cottages. The houses will be bright with the first rays of the sun, as in the Alpine style.

Examples of custom pitched roofs

Shed roofs can be trickier than you are used to seeing in typical projects.
We have collected several interesting options that have been actively used before or have just begun to be used in construction. Yes, they are more difficult to make - but they look unusual and sometimes provide additional functionality.

Saw roof - one slope and many windows

The saw-roof is designed for functionality. But the unusual design made it an interesting choice for modern homes.

The shape, which looks like the teeth of a saw, comes from old factories. This used to protect workers and equipment from direct sunlight. But through the side windows, diffused light was launched, which covered a large area. We got comfortable working conditions.

Now the functions of such a roof remain the same. With its help, you can make a very bright house, while not greatly increasing the heating of air and objects.

The main disadvantage is the cost. Very complex architecture. Therefore, design and construction are expensive. This is one of the reasons why you do not see such roofs in typical projects.

Rounded roof for hi-tech

In terms of functionality, rounded roofs are not much different from ordinary pitched roofs. But they win in design if you build something modern. Rounded roofs give the house an unusual look.

This roof can be combined with other options. Close a separate section with it - a garage or a guest extension to the house. It all depends on the idea.

The rounded roof can be adapted to all weather regions. It is enough to play with the slope. Make a sharp, low rounding in windy regions. Or increase it in snowy ones in order to drain precipitation faster.

The design is even more complex than the previous look. So it will be expensive too.

Projects of houses with a pitched roof

We have collected projects of houses with a pitched roof and an attic to make it easier for you to find inspiration.

The selection turned out to be varied. Different styles - European and American classics, modern minimalism, just a non-standard combination of materials. Various shapes and combinations of roofs. Different sizes. There is plenty to choose from.

Remember, any project can be modified. It is enough to talk to the architect and tell what you want to see. He will help you to remodel the house according to your wishes.

Project of a light house with a pitched roof and an attic

A project of a light and spacious house with a pitched roof. The architect used the option when the slopes at different levels are directed in different directions. Looks unusual and simplifies the drainage of precipitation.

Lovers of good views will appreciate the second light in the living room.

What's on the ground floor

Terrace 8 m2.
Entrance hall 1.8 m2.
Hall for 6.1 m2.
Bathroom 3 m2.
Boiler room for 7.8 m2.
Dressing room for 2.3 m2.
Kitchen on 17.5 m2.
Living room of 16.8 m2.
Bedroom of 14.8 m2.

The small living room can be used as a fully entertaining area. The kitchen is large enough to fit a dining table for the whole family.

The first floor bedroom windows open onto the patio. A good solution to see flower beds and a well-kept garden in the morning.

What's in the attic

Hall for 3.1 m2.
Bathroom 4.6 m2.
The bedroom is 16.8 m2.
Bedroom of 21.2 m2 with access to a balcony of 4.1 m2.

The large room is suitable for the role of a master bedroom. It has higher functionality - access to the balcony, additional square meters, a high window.

Another room can be used as a nursery. In size and layout, it is closer to the bedroom, which is located on the ground floor.

The project of a brick house with a pitched roof in the style of minimalism

Simple geometric shapes. Large window at the balcony in the attic. Several small observation windows. All this creates an unusual image in the spirit of minimalism. So this project of a house with an attic and a pitched roof will appeal to lovers of simplicity.

What's in the base

Hozblok 5.4 m2.
Tambour for 3 m2.
Dressing room for 5 m2.
Bathroom 1.7 m2.
Shower room of 4.2 m2.
Steam room of 5.9 m2.
Lounge 19.8 m2.

The basement is completely given over to the recreation area. There is a spacious steam room, shower room, a place to relax. An interesting feature for those who do not want to build a separate bathhouse on the site.

Plus there is space for a washer and dryer. Free up some space on the ground floor.

What's on the ground floor

Terrace of 17 m2.
Entrance hall of 5.7 m2.
Hall of 7.6 m2.
Toilet on 4.2 m2.
Pantry 5.5 m2.
Boiler room for 8.4 m2.
Living room of 44.7 m2.
Kitchen-dining room 31.5 m2.

Spacious rooms for a large family. The large living room has enough room for seating and creating an entertainment area. In the kitchen, in addition to the dining table, they made a place under the bar counter to quickly drink coffee.

For those who like to dine outdoors, there is a spacious terrace, which can be accessed from the kitchen. In the corner, a place has already been allocated for cooking kebabs.

What's on the 2nd floor

Hall for 6 m2.
Bathroom 6.9 m2.
Bedroom of 19.3 m2 with a bathroom of 3.7 m2 and a balcony of 2.7 m2.
Bedroom of 27.6 m2 with a balcony of 9.6 m2.
A bedroom of 20 m2 and a wardrobe of 8.5 m2.

The bedrooms are made as functional as possible. Each has additional rooms so that the owner has a place to relax and go about his business.

A private bathroom in the master bedroom is convenient for parents to take a shower without queues before bed and in the morning.

What's in the attic

The common room is 34.1 m2.

The attic in this project of a house with a pitched roof is completely given over to the entertainment area. In the photo you can see one of the ideas for dividing the functionality. On the one hand, build an entertainment area, and give the other for a sports complex.

Project of a spacious frame house with a pitched roof

A spacious house with a simple design and well-thought-out layout. It has everything for a comfortable life - a large living room and kitchen, several bedrooms, separate utility rooms and a garage-shed.

The project will appeal to a large family with different hobbies.

What's on the ground floor

Garage-carport of 23.2 m2.
Terrace 12.9 m2.
Tambour 2.9 m2.
Entrance hall of 6.2 m2.
Corridor 2.5 m2.
Bathroom 2.4 m2.
Pantry 2.5 m2.
Hozblok 4.5 m2.
Pantry 10.4 m2.
Boiler room for 7 m2.
Living room of 25.4 m2.
Kitchen-dining room of 22.9 m2.

A clear division of rooms according to purpose is the strong point of the project. Separately allocated space for the installation of the boiler, storage of garden tools and household items. Convenient to unload the house from unnecessary cabinets.

If you want to build an extraordinary, unlike the neighbors' house, take a closer look at the houses under a pitched roof. It gives the building originality. In addition, the pitched roof is the easiest to use. So simple that it is quite possible to do it yourself.

Advantages and disadvantages

Shed roofs are considered the most inexpensive and easiest to install. And this is true, especially with a small width of the building. Nevertheless, in our country, houses with pitched roofs are very rare. For the most part, this is due to the fact that two or four pitched roofs are more familiar to us - they look more familiar. The second problem is finding a project adapted to our weather conditions. There are a lot of projects on western resources, but they are designed for a milder climate, as a rule, they have a large glazing area. Finding an architect who will competently change a project you like is very difficult. But if you still succeed, and the harmony of the building is not disturbed, the house turns out to be very original.

Many are intimidated by uneven ceilings in some part of the building. They are, of course, more difficult to beat than standard ones, but the result is also obtained on a completely different level - original by 100%. True, this time too, it is very difficult to find a designer who can develop such an interior in the vastness of our Motherland, nevertheless, it is possible.

There is another way out - to level the ceilings by overlapping, and use the free space under the roof as technical rooms. Such options have been implemented and the owners are very satisfied. Yes, the technical rooms are in the basement and upstairs, but there are no problems with groundwater.

These are, perhaps, all the disadvantages or pitfalls that a lean-to roof can bring. There is, however, one more point that can hardly be called a drawback. Due to the peculiarity of the structure, the roofing material on such houses is not visible from the ground. If the terrain is flat, without large differences in height, it makes no sense to bother with the appearance of the roof. It is better to choose simple-looking, but high-quality materials, quiet (the plane is large, it makes a lot of noise when it rains) and reliable. One of the popular options is a seam roof. It provides the proper degree of tightness and is not very noisy. Another option is made of modern materials. Such roofs are even quieter, and modern materials can be used for 20-30 years without repair.

Shed roof device

The required slope of the pitched roof is organized due to the difference in heights of the opposite walls. One wall of the building turns out to be much higher than the other. This leads to an increased consumption of materials for the walls, but the rafter system is very simple, especially for buildings of small width.

With sufficient bearing capacity of the walls, the shed roof rafter system rests on a Mauerlat fixed to the wall. To distribute the load more evenly, the upper row of the wall masonry is reinforced with longitudinal reinforcement (for brick walls, from concrete blocks) or an armopoyas is poured over the last row (for walls made of limestone, shell rock). In the case of a wooden or frame structure, the role of the Mauerlat is usually performed by the last crown or upper strapping.

With insufficient strength of the building material of the walls, most of the load can be transferred to the floor. For this, racks are installed (step - about 1 meter), on which the girders are laid - long bars running along the building. Then the rafter legs rest on them.

When pouring the armopoyas or laying the last row, studs are installed in it, with a step of 80-100 cm, with the help of which the Mauerlat is then attached to the walls of the building. In wooden houses, if you do not make an armored belt, it is impossible to lay studs. In this case, installation on hexagonal pins is allowed. A hole is drilled under the pin through the Mauerlat, a couple of millimeters less than the pin diameter. A metal rod is hammered into it, which attracts a wooden beam to the wall. The connection is tightened with the correct size hex wrench.

Shed roof rafter system

Such roofs are especially popular in the construction of yard buildings - sheds, garages. It's just that the size of the buildings allows the use of not very powerful beams, and beams are required in small quantities. With a building width up to 6 meters, the shed roof rafter system contains almost no additional reinforcing elements (supports and girders), which is beneficial. Also attractive is the absence of complex knots.

For Central Russia, for a span of up to 5.5 meters, beams of 50-150 mm are taken, up to 4 meters, 50-100 mm is enough, although in an amicable way, you need to consider the snow and wind load specifically in your region, and, based on this, determine with the parameters of the beams.

With a distance between the walls up to 4.5 meters, a pitched roof consists of two Mauerlat bars fixed to the walls and rafter legs, which rest on the Mauerlat. A very simple construction indeed.

With a span width of 4.5 meters to 6 meters, a bed is also required, fixed on a higher wall at the level of the ceiling and a rafter leg, which rests against the beam almost in the middle. The slope angle of this beam depends on the distance between the walls and the level of installation of the slope.

More complex rafter systems in a pitched roof with a building width of more than 6 meters. In this case, it is optimal if the house is designed so that inside there is also a load-bearing wall on which the racks rest. With a house up to 12 meters wide, the trusses are still simple and the roofing costs are minimal.

For buildings more than 12 meters wide, the system becomes more complicated - there are more rafter legs. In addition, making beams over 6 meters long is expensive. If an increase is required only by the width of the roof overhangs, the beams are grown along the edges with fillets. These are pieces of beams of the same section, connected to the beam and fixed on the sides by two wooden plates at least 60 cm long, fastened with bolts or nails, allow the use of mounting plates.

If the total length of the beams is more than 8 meters, they are usually spliced. The joints are additionally reinforced by nailing boards or mounting plates.

Options for attaching the rafters to the Mauerlat: sliding glory at the top and rigid at the top right. At the bottom right, the option of a tie-in without overhangs (used very rarely)

There may still be questions about how to attach the rafters of pitched roofs to the Mauerlat. There are no fundamental differences. All the same, a cutout is made in the rafter leg, with which the bar rests against the Mauerlat. In order not to suffer with each rafter leg, leveling its landing, sawing out the first one, from a piece of board, thick plywood or timber they make a template that exactly repeats the resulting "drank". All subsequent rafters are filed before installation. A template is applied to them in the right place, a recess of the required shape and size is outlined and cut out.

This was about the rigid attachment of the rafter legs to the Mauerlat. It is used on all buildings that exhibit low shrinkage. On wooden houses, this method of fastening cannot be used - the house settles all the time or rises slightly, which may cause a distortion. If the roof is fixed rigidly, it can break. Therefore, when installing a shed or any other roof on wooden houses, a sliding connection of rafters and Mauerlat is used. For this there are the so-called "sliding". These are plates, a state of corners that are attached to the Mauerlat and metal strips movably connected to them, which are attached to the rafter leg. Two such slides are placed on each rafter.

The choice of the angle of inclination of the roof

The slope angle of the roof is determined by a set of indicators - wind and snow load and the type of roofing material. First, they are determined with an angle according to climatic conditions (depending on the amount of precipitation and wind loads). Then they look at the minimum recommended slope for the selected type of roofing material (in the table below).

If the desired angle is larger, everything is fine, if it is smaller (which is very rare), increase it to the recommended one. Making a roof with an angle less than the minimum angle recommended by the manufacturer of the roofing is not unambiguous - it will leak at the joints. To make it easier to navigate, let's say that for Central Russia the recommended slope of a pitched roof is 20 °. But it is desirable to count the figure for each region, and even for the different location of the building on the site.

By the way, keep in mind that different manufacturers of the same type of roofing material may require different minimum slopes. For example, one brand can be produced on a roof with a minimum slope of 14 °, another - at 16 °. And this despite the fact that GOST defines a minimum slope of 6 °.

It is also worth remembering that with a slope up to 12 °, in order to ensure the tightness of any roofing material, it is necessary to coat all the joints of the material with a liquid waterproofing compound (usually with bitumen mastic, less often with a roofing sealant).

Determine the height to which you want to raise the wall

To ensure the found slope angle of the pitched roof, it is necessary to raise one of the walls higher. How much higher we learn by remembering the formulas for calculating a right-angled triangle. On them we find the length of the rafter legs.

When calculating, do not forget that the length is obtained without taking into account the overhangs, and they are needed to protect the walls of the house from precipitation. The minimum overhang is 20 cm. But with such a small ledge outside the building, the lean-to roof looks scanty. Therefore, overhangs of at least 60 cm are usually made on one-story buildings. On two-story ones, they can be up to 120 cm. In this case, the width of the overhang is determined based on aesthetic considerations - the roof should look harmonious.

The easiest way to determine how much you need to extend the roof is in design programs that allow you to draw a building on a scale and "play" with overhangs. Everything should be displayed in 3 dimensions (the most popular program is ScratchUp). Twist different sizes of overhangs in it, decide which one looks better (if there is no project), and then order / make rafters.

Photo report from the construction site: a pitched roof on a house made of aerated concrete

A house was built in St. Petersburg. There was no project, there was a general idea, which is presented in the photo. The house is made of aerated concrete, the finish is plaster, the roof is folded, chosen based on its low cost, reliability, ease of installation.

After the walls were driven out, an armored belt was poured into them, into which studs (Ø 10 mm) were installed every meter. When the concrete in the armored belt reached the required perversity, a layer of waterproofing was laid on the bitumen mastic ("Gidroizol", cut lengthwise into strips of the required width). Mauerlat is laid on top of the waterproofing - a bar of 150-150 mm. All lumber used for roofing is dry, treated with protective impregnations, fire retardants.

The beginning of the installation of a shed roof - laying the Mauerlat

First they put it in place (it lies on the hairpins, held by the assistants), walk along, knocking with a hammer on those places where the hairpins are. In the bar, the places where the studs stick out are imprinted. Now they drill holes and simply push it onto the studs.

Since the span turns out to be large, supports from a bar (150-150 mm) are placed, on which a girder is laid, which will support the rafter legs.

The width of the roof is 12 meters. This is taking into account the overhang of 1.2 meters from the front side. Therefore, the bars of the Mauerlat and the run "stick out" beyond the walls exactly at such a distance.

At first there were doubts about such a large offset - the rightmost beam hangs 2.2 meters. If this offset is reduced, it will be bad for the walls, and the appearance will deteriorate. Therefore, it was decided to leave everything as it is.

Laying rafters

Rafters are laid from two spliced boards 200 * 50 mm, with a step of 580 mm. Boards are knocked down with nails, in a checkerboard pattern (top-bottom), with a step of 200-250 mm. Heads of nails right, left, in pairs Two top / bottom right, two top / bottom left, etc.). We spread the splice points of the boards by less than 60 cm. The resulting beam is much more reliable than a similar solid bar.

Further, the pie of a pitched roof for this case is this (from the attic side to the street): vapor barrier, stone wool 200 mm, ventilation gap (lathing, counter-lathing), moisture insulation, roofing material. In this case, it is a dark gray pural.

We will carry out the insulation from the inside later, but for now we lay a hydro-wind-protective membrane Tyvek Solid (vapor-permeable) on top of the rafters.

The membrane is laid from bottom to top, fastened with staples from a stapler. The fabric that is rolled higher goes to the already laid one by 15-20 cm. The joint is glued with double-sided tape (bought together with the membrane). Then, over the membrane, strips are stuffed, on them - a crate for a folded roof.

First, a lathing was made from a board of 25 * 150 mm with a step of 150 mm. After installation, walking along the roof, it was decided to strengthen the crate. To do this, between the already laid boards, we fill boards 100 mm wide. Now there is a gap of 25 mm between the boards.

Shed roof lathing as a result

Further, on the lower pediment, hooks were filled for. They are packed unevenly, since due to the large length of the pediment, it was decided to make two receiving funnels at a distance of 2.8 meters from the edge. To ensure the flow in two directions, such a relief was made.

Next, you need to bring in pieces of metal (paintings) 12 meters long. They are not heavy, but you cannot bend them, because the "sled" disappears. For lifting, a temporary "bridge" was built connecting the ground and the roof. The sheets were lifted along it.

Next comes the roofing work, which differs depending on the type of roofing material. In this case, it was necessary to solve the problem of thermal expansion of the material - galvanized steel (pural) significantly changes its dimensions when heated / cooled. To ensure freedom of expansion, it was decided to fasten the material to the lathing behind the fold with movable clamps with a freedom of movement of 15-20 mm.

After laying the roofing material, the overhangs are hemmed, and they are no different.

The roof needs to be brought "to mind" - the overhangs must be hemmed, but, in general, it is already ready

Well, in the photo below is what happened after finishing. Very modern, stylish and unusual.

House with a pitched roof - almost finished

Projects and photos of houses with a pitched roof

As already mentioned, it is difficult to find interesting projects of residential buildings with a pitched roof. While these buildings are unpopular with us. Perhaps just because of its eccentricity. This section contains several projects or photos of already built houses. Maybe someone will be useful at least as an idea.

Large windows are beautiful, but irrational in our climate

Split-level house - an interesting completed project

This is the prototype of what is above

The original house. Under one lean-to roof there is a house and a household building, and even a part - a canopy over the courtyard between two buildings