The design of a blacksmith furnace. Simple homemade blacksmith horn. Step-by-step instruction of gas horn

If you are from those people who have a metal melting in their hands, and you dream about your cousin, then you need a blacksmith horn. We offer you to take advantage of our example, and you can make your own hands for yourself for a blacksmith horn, which will help you master the art of blacksmithing.

Clear or carpent - it is, of course, well. Trees treatment is traditional for Russia. But we want to talk about metal. More precisely, about blacksmithing metal processing. What do you need to do forging? The first is a blacksmith horn.

You may be surprised, but Horn is the simplest in the organization of the forge.

The challenge of the Mountain heat a piece of metal to a temperature that will allow it to mise without destruction.

Gorn is of course fire. We can burn gas, liquid fuel, fuel oil or crude oil, coal and firewood. Only here firewood is given little, until it turns into coal. Firewood can only be viewed as raw materials for charcoal, but already charcoal is excellent fuel for the mountain. Perhaps the best, but also the most expensive, although the most affordable. Coal for mangalls and barbecue is sold in any supermarket. So at the coal version and stop.

If we talk about the mountain, running on the corner, then there are two options: with side blast and with the bottom. Side dirty, how can not be suitable for charcoal, besides the easiest way to implement. The simplest option is a fossa in the ground, where air is served on the pipe. You can also lay out a mountain of bricks and squeeze his land.

With the help of such a mountain, novice blacksmiths try their strength. The hose connected to the blowing hole of the vacuum cleaner is inserted into the pipe.

The minus of this mountain is that you have to work, sitting squatting, and this is not very convenient. However, you can put the box of the necessary height, fill it with the earth and make the mountain in it. But since it is to go this way, then you should do something more capital. There is another moment. Mountains with side blade is not very suitable for coal, while Mountains with the lower blast, through a grate, more versatile in this plan. That is, the mountain with the bottom blowing can work on charcoal and on the stone. But the design will be more difficult.

We need:

steel sheet with a thickness of five millimeters about 100x100 cm;
sheet steel with a thickness of 2 mm;
corner 30x30;
six chamotte bricks SB-8;
The ush, called the people of Bulgarian;
circle;
cutting circles for cutting steel and stone;
welding machine and electrodes;
two screws with lambs (rhy-nut).

Gorn consists of a table with a mountain nest. From the bottom, under the mining jack, the ash chamber where the air is served. The table is made from a steel sheet with a thickness of five millimeters. The size of the table is arbitrary, but more convenient when it is possible to freely place the working ticks, a poker and scrolls so that they are at hand. Cut off from a five-millionth sheet with a bandwidth of 125 mm, it is still useful for us, and from the remaining piece we make the table.

Mountain Scheme with Hneux Nest

In the middle, cut the square hole to the future mining nest. Here with the size of the nest you need to decide. A large nest will require a lot of coal. Little will not allow heating big blanks. It matters the depth of the nest to the grate. Without going into details, let's say that the depth of ten centimeters will be optimal, regardless of the size of the nest in the plan.

To prevent the maintenance of metal, it is necessary to linse (set) chamoten brick. We use the SB-8 brick. Its dimensions 250x124x65 mm. These sizes and determine the size of the mountain nest - 12.5 cm at the grate, 25 at the top, 10 cm depth. Considering the thickness of the brick, the size of the opening in the table will be 38x38 cm.

From the cut-off piece, we cut a square with a side of 25 cm. In the center of the square, we cut the square hole with a side of 12 cm. We will also need four plates in the form of an equilibrium trapezium with the base lengths 38 and 25 cm, 12.5 cm high. Here it was useful . Now you need to cook all this.

Of the two millimeters, the square tube with a side 12 and 20-25 cm long and a length of 20-25 cm will be. This will be an excavator. In the middle of one of the walls we make a hole under the air duct. In the hole we weld the nozzle. We use a piece of the usual tap pipe to 40.

Abortime from below is closed with a lid. We make it on the screws with lamb.

Table ready. It remains to put it on the basis or weld the legs from the corner to it. You can make a base of foam concrete blocks.

We pay attention to the opening. The air duct will pass through it.

With the help of a grinder with a cutting disk on a stone, cut out a lining from brick. Be sure to use the respirator and safety glasses. And follow safety techniques when working with the EMS.

You can connect the vacuum cleaner and try to ignite the mountain.

First we are stammer and finely chipped firewood. Gilt them with a weak blow, and when the firewood is well spoiled, we fall asleep coal. Now you can increase the blowing.

The vacuum cleaner can be connected not directly to the duct of the mountain, but through the homemade regulator of air supply. This device allows you to adjust the amount of air supplied to the mountain, that is, reduce or increase the blowing.

Usually, the damper is put to adjust the air supply to the air duct. But the overlap of the flow increases the load on the engine of the vacuum cleaner. The vacuum cleaner usually use the old one, and to not overload it, the air supply regulator is built. The air flow does not overlap, and is given to another air duct. For this, a box with three nozzles is made. Two opposite each other - the entrance from the pump and the exit to the mountain. Third nozzle, on the upper wall - reset air surplus. The third nozzle is shifted relative to the first two per magnitude of the diameter of the holes.

Inside the bent in half the length of the box is curved at a right angle. The plate with wire thrust can be moved from one extreme position to another. As far as the air supply opening in the mountain, the reset hole opens.

The box closes with a lid with a hole for thrust.

Now we have a working mountain, suitable for open-air use. To protect against rain, you need a canopy that should not be combustible. And the mountain need a umbrella and a pipe for collecting and removing smoke.

Umbrella We make two millimeter thickness from sheet iron. Firstly, such an umbrella will last longer, and secondly, it is more difficult to cook with a more subtle iron of manual arc welding.

In order for the umbrella to be as efficient as possible, the slope of its walls should be at least sixty degrees to the horizon. The umbrella over the center should be located so that the imaginary beam, directed from the closest to the edge of the spot point, inclined outside at an angle of sixty degrees to the table plane, fell inside the umbrella. This means that the higher the umbrella above the hearth, the more should it be. On the other hand, the lower the umbrella over the table, the increasingly work. Here it is necessary to proceed from the existing material and its anthropometric data.

The umbrella is supported by racks made of steel corner. Top on the umbrella put the pipe that also weld from the steel sheet of twos. The pipe must be covered with a spark-like, which is made from a metal grid.

If the air duct is discharged from choke of the air duct (there will be a 1-inch water pipe) to the beginning of the chimney, it will turn out an ejector that increases the efficiency of flue gases.

That's all. Your mountain is ready. White on health, go like us, whit better than us!

Blacksmith Mountain is used to warm up the metal in front of a forging, cementing it and perform other thermal processing procedures. It makes it possible to set a temperature of 1100-1200 degrees. To use standard blacksmith horn, it is necessary to have special skills and knowledge, be able to choose fuel. Mountain gas, although it cannot be used for forging, for example, Damascus swords, however, it is quite constructively arranged enough. It is possible to make it in thirty minutes out of six chamotte bricks and steel trimming.

Design

We give the structural parts, the presence of which involves the Horn device:

a table of material resistant to fire;
hearth with grate;
air chamber;
air drainage;
air duct;
tent;
a hole through which long details are served;
umbrella;
chimney;
morning (you can shoot);
capacity for hardening;
gas-aircraft.

Horn on coal

How to make blacksmith horn? First of all, this should be understood by the principle of its action. Coal horn functions thanks to carbon exercise. Burning, carbon highlights a large amount of energy, which is used for heating.

Since carbon is a strongest reducing agent, it has long been used in the metallurgical sphere to produce iron, other metals. Carbon takes all oxygen from metal ore as a result, a clean metal remains after smelting.

Carbon does not allow the workpiece processed by means of a mountain, too quickly oxidized. Thanks to this, the detail does not burn. The blowing is carried out so that the fuel disadvantaged air. If it is too long to keep the product in the mountain, it is overwhelmed, will become fragile.

Gas Gorn

The design of the device becomes much easier, if a combustible is used as a fuel to clean (propane, butane). These gases enter into carbon and hydrogen molecules (hydrogen a good reducing agent, interacting with air, it highlights a lot of energy). Gas is possible to mix with oxygen in the burner. Homemade gas horn is done fast enough. The main thing is to install the burner.

Otherwise, the situation is if the use of natural gas. It is a compound of unsaturated / saturated hydrocarbons, which requires a different amount of air for complete exercise. Optimally adjust the supply of oxygen will not work.

In addition, in natural gas there are sulfur, silicon and phosphoric molecules. Sulfur is a "worst enemy" steel parts. It makes them unsuitable for operation. To restore the workpiece, you will need to completely overpay.

In view of this, natural gas is possible to apply as fuel only after cleansing from sulfur. The easiest all before the fuel in the burner passes it through naphthalene, which will behave all the sulfuric molecules. Homemade blacksmith horn, working on domestic gas, is intended primarily to process billets that will not be very littered in the future.

Purpose of structural elements

In the production, the table is usually fucked by quartz bricks, which racks to fire. It is capable of listening to dozens of years even in harsh conditions. Homemade Mount for forging is fed by chamoten chimney brick. It is cheaper, more accessible. With an infrequent application, it will also serve for a long time.

The fuel cell with grate, air chamber and feed pipe form the main part of the device - furma. Drainage is intended for accurate and fast blasting. The weakly heated product will not be able to read, it simply breaks.

Tent, umbrella, chimney are designed to remove smoke, which is harmful to the human body, from the mountain. It is formed quite a lot.

Capacity for hardening and gas-aircraft are optional elements. The hardware container is useful if you will kill the parts made of boulat steel. They need a thermal hardening.

The gas-aircraft is applied to:

additionally dry and warm oxygen;
purify oxygen from outsided particles and condensate;
enter special additive substances to the air for doping.

The burned - the heat-resistant cap, which increases the maximum allowable temperature. It is installed when the forging device is used to melting precious metals, color alloys.

Creating Gorna

It is easiest to make a blacksmith horn with their own hands from chammed bricks. Shelves of perforations are made of cropped metal pipes, and the grains themselves are from the steel strip four to six millimeters thick. They must be spinning with a screw (to capture the stream of blast). Furious will serve coal, coke. You can ignite the mountains by a soldering lamp. Do not forget to install the septum from asbestos between the lamp and the mountain. Use such a mountain at home is possible only outdoors, because the umbrella and chimney are not provided.

You can also make a stationary blacksmith horn with your own hands. To do this, it is necessary to establish the wall dimensions on which it will stand.

Stand straight, legs on the width of the shoulders. Lower the right hand, bend it in the elbow joint.
Let the partner fluctuate the distance from the elbow to the earth's surface. Add five to seven centimeters. This will be the height of the table.
Take pincers in the right hand (preferably large). The partner must measure the distance from the abdomen before the ends of the tool sponges.
Add 10 - 12 centimeters. This will be one second table diagonal.
The length of the table side should be 0.7 from the diagonal.

Insperer Furma with vacuuming superior preferably located downstairs. Drainage valve must be able to extend to the front side.

It is recommended to install a one-piece grade, which has grooves, which are crossed and separated the slab to squares. They accumulate curly deposits. If you drill holes, then after each forging, they will need to be cleaned by a twist of steel.

Why don't you do with your own Horn your hands using a sparkler from the planks? This is due to the fact that the fuel is roasted unenocomy. In the slots between the planks of the shelves, oxygen will come there, where it is easier for it. In that section, the temperature will increase, the whole part is overwhelmed, its fragility will increase.

How to make a mountain, if there is no special grate? A good option is a furma in which the holes are arranged concentrically, have a radius of 4-5 millimeters. This design is slowly contaminated, ensures uniformity of the blast.

Gas burners

Gas blacksmith horn is optimally suitable for artistic forging. There are models that create, not having a discharge, almost impossible. The advantage of such devices is that they are functioning on any gas, have a powerful prediment.

Bicycle parts can be used to make gas horn with their own hands. From turning work, it will only be necessary to perform the sprinkler with a sprinkler from the bike gearbox. This device can work on propane, butane. However, it is possible to heat it only small mines of bricks, which are closed. Under no circumstances do the burner acetylene. The detail simply burns, the device will explode.

Understand how to make gas horn, much easier than to figure out, for example, in the electrical circuit. For its manufacture, use the appropriate drawings, photos. Check your hands video with your own hands, and you can create a device, perfectly suitable for home use.

Well, about which we love wildlie definitions: special heating devices in order to increase the plastic characteristics of the metal. Let's try to translate all this disgrace on the human language.

Blacksmith Mountain in its essence - stove. It is clear that with its own characteristics, varieties and technological nuances, but still - this is a stove. It is needed for warming up metal parts to a temperature so that they can be quoted, that is, subject deformation.

This is the main and general fact for all kinds of blacksmithing skins - from primitive country crafts on bricks to industrial furnaces with many technological features of application and destination.

Two main and unique properties are required from the blacksmith stove: to give a very high temperature, up to 1200 - 1500 ° C and the ability to maintain the desired temperature for a certain time. In other words, we need strong and even heat.

At what temperature, the metals can be forging, that is, begin to be plastic? These are all metals and alloys in different ways. But the visual sign that the metal item was heated to the desired temperature, the general is also the orange detail.

All metals are responsible for heating the color by changing from dark red to piercing and white. So the orange color is a signal that you can start a real blacksmith work on metal.

Drawing of blacksmith horn.

The only metal that behaves quite inflamed and does not change its color when heated is aluminum. It is not the easiest metal for forging and welding in principle, with aluminum you need to know and apply many special requirements.

So here is the lack of orange color while it has already begged for forging - a significant factor that makes it difficult to work with this capricious metal and its alloys. After all, it is impossible to overheat. It is not possible to not fit anywhere.

Classification of blacksmiths Gorn

There are several criteria by which you can breed all these stoves on neat types.

Most often, the mines are divided by the type of fuel on which they work:

Solid fuel mines

They work on the corner. Their use becomes less and less, as coal - fuel, which does not give a stable and smooth fire, which is the most important requirement for blacksmith horn. Not enough, for such stoves, you need not just coal, but high-quality woody coking or the same quality stone coal.

Lovers of such exotic are, so below we will focus on the pare-troika for the arrangement of such a stove.

Gas blacksmith mountains

Here we will talk about this type of burning in detail: they are the most common and homemade handicraft workshops, and in professionally equipped forge centers. Gas blacksmith horn - no doubt, a favorite tool of domestic blacksmith masters.

Liquid

Here the main fusion is fuel.

Coal blacksmith horn.

According to the design solution, mines are divided into closed and open. In size they are small, medium and large. Here, in fact, the entire classification of blacksmiths. Homemade Mount for Forging - The thing is quite real and, most importantly, necessary in the farm.

The main thing is to decide which mountains will arrange you. And for this you should clearly know what kind of blacksmith products are you going to do for whom and in what quantity.

Homemade Mountain Concept

The first question: what kind of mountain do is open or closed? The answer will depend on your plans - what are you going to do in your blacksmith workshop? If it is a hobby in the form of an artistic forging in small quantities exclusively for home and gifts to relatives, then you will be quite enough to get an open mountain.

It is much easier and will cost you cheaper on monetary and labor costs. Open Mountain is easier to heal and massive or long details.

If you are planning to work with metals seriously, for example, making money, we will advise to build a blacksmith horn with your hands of a closed type.

That details are competently assembled Mountains:

frame on racks for support, everything must be made of steel;
sub-bottom or lower part of the horn wall;
sewer type valve with special holes to accelerate the heating of metal and fuel economy;
fan;
pipe for removal of smoke
lining - heat protection stoves in the form of chammed bricks;
the recuperator is a special device for returning the released heat in the form of furnace gases and, thus, the efficient use of resources.

Build solid fuel horn

The main disadvantage of solid fuel skins is that coal itself cannot issue the desired temperature over 1000 ° C. Therefore, in such stoves, the air jet is always needed. Previously, it was fur, now the air is fed through a pipe with a brewed end, also made of steel.

It is easiest to dig such a stove right in the ground - it is enough to make a smell of refractory bricks. Homemade blacksmith mountain can be done differently: from a steel plate with a decent thickness to build a table with a grid of cast iron or steel.

Grass grille for hill.

The table plate must be made of a blank with a thickness of at least 5 mm. If the mining of open design is installed on the street, you will not need to specially engage in ventilation.

Here are the main stages on the construction of homemade mountain, working on the corner:

Build a platform for the base with concrete and reinforced rods.
Fold bricks in the form of a rectangular base, the surface of the table can be of any height.
In any wall of the base, do a hole for pushed.
Collect under a special refractory brick on the basis.
Install a sparkler with holes to do from refractory material, which is perfect for a pig-iron door from the old stove.
After installing the grinding, the walls from the same refractory brick.
Do not forget to leave the hole in one wall for air supply, it is better to do it immediately when laying bricks.
In the pipe for air supply to wind the fan.
If you make a closed design, be sure to build chimney, which is absolutely necessary for traction.

Such a mountain can be made mobile - it all depends on you. An excellent carcass for solid fuel horn can serve as an old gas stove.

Build Gas Gorn

Before starting to build a gas black horn, you need to determine the parameters of its area.

For this there is a tricky formula:

N is a mining performance, which depends on the tension of H and PO PODE F. F. It is calculated that the optimal support for the required temperature in the mountain is sufficiently sufficiently supplying gas in the interval from 1st to 1.5 m / s.

Scheme of gas burner for mountain.

You know the area of \u200b\u200byour workshop and an approximate number of blacksmith details in kilograms that you plan to produce. With these data, you derive the intensity of the pressure with the maximum allowable upper boundary of 150 kg / m².

The necessary materials that need to have to get to work:

brick refractory type dynas or shaft;
plates with a thickness of at least 5 mm from heat resistant steel;
steel profile for racks, frame and hill valves;
pipe for chimney and ventilation channel made of steel;
putty for sealing gaps between bricks with heat-resistant properties;
sheet metal or an extra layer of refractory bricks for lining on the outside;
from double-circuit boilers of high power;
fan;

Gas blacksmith mines can also be open. With it, everything is much easier, it will be enough to arrange grate with air supply for greater heating efficiency. The combustion substances are derived in this case with a fan of heat-resistant metal.

The support frame is better to have close to one of the walls of your workshop. The choice of the wall should be done with the fact that the chimney and ventilation pipe will need, so the adjacent walls, if any, is better not to use.

The most important condition is the accurate compliance with the rules of fire safety, which is only refractory and heat-resistant materials. It does not prevent check out what the walls are made by your workshop. With great care we treat various kinds of plasterboard structures.

Racks and the robe itself is better welded from low-alloy steel according to the drawings that can be downloaded on the Internet. Low-alloy steel is durable, light and, most importantly, a resistant to specific corrosion of high-temperature regime. The outer lining should be thought out in advance so that in the support frame immediately do the holes for its attachment.

Now about refractory bricks and masonry. It is important to buy real certified shaft type bricks manufactured according to GOST 390-79. If you acquire a brick not according to the standard, you risk the fact that ordinary bricks will start to melt at a temperature of 1000 ° C.

The real chamotte brick cream color with small pores in small quantities, they are much harder than the usual ceramic, the weight of one chamotte brick of large dimensions reaches 5 kg. The most suitable chamotas stamps - SB, Sha and ACPD.

The device for blacksmith horn.

The second type of refractory bricks - Dynas. These bricks are more expensive, but resistant to high temperatures: they are withstanding the mode with a level of 1800 ° C. They are brighter chamotte bricks due to the high proportion of silicon salts.

If you have the opportunity, it is better to lay the mountain dynasy brick: blacksmith mines from refractory dynasy bricks are more durable and withstand the most rigid temperature modes.

Bricks are laid with a refractory clay solution with the additive of the powder from the chamot and dynas in a clear proportion of 60:40. Chimney and fan around the perimeter process with metal corners.

The most important final stage is the drying of the whole design. After it, you need to check how fans work for mountain blacksmith. And only then you can make a test switching on.

How to make a burner for gas horn

In addition to general instructions, how to make a blacksmith horn, there are rules for the installation of a gas burner. Gas mountain can be purchased in the store, and can be done on their own.

Gas Mountain burner do it yourself to do with the obligatory consideration of the requirements for it:

night gas should be quite safe;
the combustion must be stable;
resistance to humidity inside the mountain;
safety when changing the thrust and risk of a fuel blast.

The burner installation is made through a pre-prepared lining hole. The mouth of the burner is attached to the confusion, which is pulled through the steel laying. Then the pipes for supplying gas and air are installed.

Gas is served from or network under the control of regulators. The trial start of gas is carried out to check the regulators and pressure, follow the smell.

Manual forging is becoming increasingly popular - and to meet their own needs, and for the production of various products to order. The heating of the metal, in order to increase its plastic characteristics, must be performed in special heating devices, the simplest of which is for blacksmith horn. The main task of the city is to provide a stable increase in metal temperature to forging temperatures, i.e., not less than 1200 ° C. How to make homemade blacksmith horn, and is it possible in principle, then considered further.

Classification of types of blacksmith horn

It can be made according to the following main indicators:

According to the fuel used. There are gas mines, as well as devices running on solid (coal) or liquid (fuel oil) fuel.
According to constructive features, open and closed mines are being built.
In size (efficient surface) - small, medium and large.

Sweed-fuel mines for which it is necessary to use coking coal - spectacular to video, but an outdated technical solution. It will take not only to ensure the continuous supply of high-quality charcoal, but also to accept technological disadvantages, among which:

heating non-uniformity;
the inability to manage the process;
increased sulfur content, which will increase fragility during the forging;
increased fuel consumption, it can be up to 120 - 150% by weight;
low efficiency device accompanied by a significant ugar.

However, such structures in the conditions of a single production of products may be used at home, especially if it is mini-mines working on a cheap fuel oil.

The design of the blacksmith horn

To create more favorable conditions for the work of the blacksmith, it is advisable to build closed mines. They, although somewhat more complicated in the manufacture, are characterized by higher efficiency, and ensure uniform heating of blanks, in particular, round or rectangular cross-section. Open mines remain for the forge of art forging minor in their size products.

The blacksmith horn of a closed type consists of the following elements:

steel reference frame with racks;
submission;
lining;
sewberry damper;
fan;
chimney pipes.

If the metal is not completely warm when the metal is not completely, then technological holes are performed in the flap. They are supplied with closing eyes necessary to reduce fuel losses, and speed up the heating process.

When arranging the workshop to economically equip the blacksmith horn with the simplest recuperator - a node that increases the temperature of the assigned furnace gas. Mountains with recuperators have a higher efficiency, and the highlighting heat can be used, for example, for a furnace producing subsequent handling forged products - their blacksmith welding, boring, etc.

Stages of making homemade mountain

How to make a blacksmith horn, and where to start? For the manufacture of closed mines, it will be necessary to determine the dimensions of it. They are determined by the desired performance, and depend on the fuel consumption and the intensity of the actions of the blacksmith horn. For the gas option, the optimal can take the fuel feed rate of 1 - 1.5 m / s: in this case, heat transfer processes in a closed space will occur quite effectively.

The voltage is connected to the productivity of the mountain n by a simple ratio:

where F is the area of \u200b\u200bthe sub.

Given the area taken under the blacksmith, as well as the expected forging performance (for example, in kg of products), you can establish the actual minimum supply voltage (it should not be less than 100 - 150 kg / m 2 ∙ h, otherwise the arrangement of even the mini-option of the heating installation It turns out unprofitable).

In order to make a horn with their own hands, the following materials will be required:

tolstolic heat-resistant steel;
refractory brick (shamot or dynas);
steel profile metal (corners, chawllers) for mounting the frame of the mountain, the manufacture of dampers and support racks;
steel chimneys for the gases resulting in the process of heating products;
refractory coating for sealing slots;
sheet or broadband steel for external lining.

The design of the open mountain is much simpler - there is only a system of grate, and to ensure air flow that intensify the heating process. To remove the combustion products in this case, a fairly ordinary ventilation umbrella of heat-resistant steel.

In addition, during construction, it makes sense to use standard nodes. Here, it is necessary to mention the fan for the mountain, which can be taken as aggregates produced for two-circuit boilers of high power. Also suitable ventilation pipes and steel chimneys, intended for the chimney of gases at 300 - 400 ° C. You can equip the mountains with your own hands using the burners from powerful dual-circuit boilers.

Production of support frame

Since the blacksmith horn is stationary, then it is necessary to clearly decide on its location. At home, not all of the workshop can be used for a blacksmith. But, of course, the mountain must be brought to one of its walls, it is desirable to one that is not reported with adjacent buildings, because in this case it is much more difficult to equip chimneys, and install the fan for the mountain.

Under the conditions of fire safety, the design must defend the workshop from the capital wall of at least 1 m, and any use of materials with reduced fire resistance (including gklo plasterboard) is excluded.

In the manufacture of the support frame, it is advisable to use ready-made drawings that can be bought, or download on the Internet. The dimensions of the hill / mini-mountaine are consistent with their own capabilities. Well, if the drawings also come with photos and / or videos working horn.

The support racks and frame are made by welded, for which low-alloy steel 09g2c is usually used. It has sufficient strength, easily and reliably welded, stand from high-temperature corrosion. The pitch of the plate cells of the support frame is determined by the size of the refractory. The finished frame provides holes for the subsequent fastening of the elements of the outer lining.

Production of feed and arch

When choosing refractories to arrange the upper part, they are guided by the considerations of durability, the type of heated products, as well as the intensity of the use of blacksmith horn. More often than others are shame and dynas.

Shamot is manufactured according to the technical conditions of GOST 390-79. It is very dangerous to buy unattended products, because in color sometimes it is difficult to distinguish a chamotte brick, from the usual, which already mowed at 1200 ° C. Suitable for masonry chamotte brick should be cream color, and have a low porosity. In this case, its weight is at least 5 kg. On the Internet there are enough clips of a demo video, with which you can distinguish high-quality products. For the construction of the mountain, the brands of the ACSP, Sha and SB are suitable.

Download GOST 390-79 "Products refractory chamotte and global general purpose"

A blacksmith furnace (in other words, blacksmith horn) is necessary for working on welding or forging a metal in any blacksmith, since this work is made to produce at sufficiently high temperatures, not counting the "cold forging".

Blacksmith furnace (Mountain) is necessary for metal forging. It transfers very high temperatures and should be in every blacksmith.

If you wish, you can make forged items yourself and at home. To do this, you will need to construct the oven for the forging with your own hands. There is a wide variety of such skins, their differences only in the use of the fuel type.

Some features

There are several types of fuel - it is solid fuel, wood or stone coal, firewood and coke. Experienced blacksmiths give their preference to such fuel as coke, but it is much more expensive than ordinary coal. Although it is necessary for consumption much less than coal, about 5 times.

If we talk about the forging of metal in the artistic style, then this is better to use this fuel. Cox will give a sufficiently high temperature of the mountain. And because of all this, the forging will be well done, and there will not be a lot of soot and waste in the form of slag.

If you choose your choice on Coke, it is best to buy Koksik. This is the same coke, only much smaller. If you take a major one, then it will still need to split into small parts. It will take a lot of time that you can spend with benefit.

Also there are mountains that work from gas or liquid fuel, but this option of fuel is customary to be used at the production of a larger scale.

A blacksmith furnace in the work is pretty simple.

The work surface is a place where the main work is made on the forging. It burns coal, which will heat steel blanks. At the moment there are a wide variety of structures and designs of such skins. They have their differences due to fuel, which is customary to use on them.

Back to the category

Blacksmith furnace with their own hands

Let's talk about how to make the oven for forging yourself, and if there is no time or desire, you can order on specialized industries. There are 2 types of furnaces: closed and open.

The closed stove type is equipped with a special purpose chamber, it is designed for pre-warming up metal blanks. This type is the most economical, since its use requires minimal cost of electricity.

However, there are limitations for the size of the workpiece, only those that match the dimensions of the chamber will be approached. One of the best rings for forging a closed type is the one for which is used as a fuel gas.

Open type is taken to warm up with solid fuels, it will fall asleep on top of the grille, and the air supply will occur at the bottom. In this type of Mountain, the workpiece must be laid on a fuel. With this type of stove, you can perform forging on sufficiently large blanks, there are no restrictions in size.

The main part of the stove is the table, on the upper part of it is the center itself and the necessary blanks. The height of the furnace is desirable to make an increase in the blacksmith, respectively, the desk will be fluent in the norm from 700 to 800 mm. The surface can be any size you want, but it is customary to do the size of 80x80 cm or 100x150 cm.

For the forging of large metal blanks, it is sufficient to increase the size of the table, you can make a special removable worktop. It is made using corners and plates of metal of the desired size. In the center of the table there is a nest of Gornova, which consists of a tuned, as well as from a grate grid, it is necessary to perform air supply.

Scheme of blacksmith horn: 1 - exhaust pipe; 2 - exhaust cap; 3 - Gorna box; 4 - Furma; 5 - pipeline from the fan for the blast.

As a rule, a special brick with a refractory property and clay is used for the horn cover. All this will make this design heavy enough. And in such a situation there is a way out if you are not satisfied with the weight category of this equipment.

It is possible to make a metal stove, it will have a special cover of a sheet of 4 mm in the presence, a grate grid of cast iron. The grille must be placed in the center of the metal forging. An important attribute for this stove is a hood, which is installed directly above it. Exhaust box can be made independently made of metal with thin walls.

Metal forging is accepted directly from falling asleep fuel to grate. Many masters lay out their billets right on coals, and then plunge the layer on top. Inside the coal, a small arch will be formed, the required temperature will rise.