The marking of pipelines, in accordance with current standards, is made to identify the substance transported in it. Typically, substances are identified using color analyzers. Special identification rings, stickers with warning notices (this applies to hazardous substances) can also be applied.

Modern marking of pipelines, etc. is done only in accordance with GOST. The surface of the pipeline is painted in a certain color, special inscriptions are attached. Heat exchangers, as well as pipelines through which hot water or steam is supplied, are painted with heat-resistant enamel. It is necessary that all labels exactly comply with the rules for the safe operation of steam and hot water. On the main lines, a number must be applied in Roman numerals, as well as an arrow showing the direction of movement of the transported substance. The same trunk number is applied to the trunk branches. All inscriptions must be clearly visible, they must not be obscured by valves and latches.

According to GOST 14202 69, in the case of coating the surface of a pipeline with a metal sheathing, painting of this sheathing is optional, but a symbolic designation of its type and class of the transported substance can be applied to the pipeline. The coloring and inscriptions on these pipelines must strictly comply with the same standard.

All equipment carrying hot liquid or steam must be adequately insulated. This is done to avoid burns. The temperature on the surface of the insulation should not cause damage to the skin when touched.

There must be arrows on the pipelines showing the movement of the working fluid. All inscriptions should be visible and made only in block letters. Well-visible serial numbers should also be applied to pumping units, valves, gates and other mechanisms. Also, pipes need a corresponding marking, which should indicate their purpose. In this case, it can be easily identified.

All state standards are mandatory for all subjects of housing and communal services, heat supply, regardless of their form of ownership. Failure to comply with such rules can lead to accidents, fires and other man-made accidents.

Reliable and simple gearbox Ch-80
The most confident transfer of forces and at the same time change the direction of transmission are worm gearboxes, such as the h-80 gearbox. Their use provides a significant reduction in the speed of rotation of the shafts.

RTI in household appliances
Rubber goods (industrial rubber goods) are used not only in industry, but also in everyday life: without rubber goods, it is difficult to imagine modern household appliances (refrigerators, washing machines and dishwashers, food processors, etc.) present in every home.

Electric gate valves - ease of pipeline operation
The advantages of electrically driven gate valves include: versatility, that is, locking equipment can be used in any pipelines; high flow shut-off rate; durability and reliability.

PVC insulating tape - the best of insulating tape
The most common area where electrical tape is used is electrical insulation in everyday life, in industry and during construction work.

Plasma cutting machines - their features and benefits
Currently, manual rollers are used for single production of bulk products, and modern equipment equipped with automation is more suitable for large industries. In addition to bending a flat sheet and a metal profile, metal cutting is required for the production of products, and now such operations are carried out using high-precision equipment.

Below are answers to the most common questions about the marking of pipelines of industrial and civil facilities.

What color should the pipelines in the central heating station, ITP, boiler room be painted?

According to GOST 14202, the marking of pipelines does not depend on the object, but depends on the substance in the pipeline.

Pipelines with the transported substance WATER are colored green, STEAM - red, AIR - blue, GAS - yellow, ACIDS - orange, ALKALI - purple, LIQUIDS - brown, OTHER - gray.

How to mark pipelines in the central heating station, ITP, boiler room?

In the pipelines of the central heating station / ITP / boiler rooms, the most common substances are water, steam, gas.

The pipeline with water should be painted green, with steam - red, with gas - yellow. The identification coloring is allowed to be applied in sections.

It is also necessary to indicate the name and direction of movement of the substance using or. Their color must be the same as the color of the identification paint. The locations of the shields are regulated by the regulatory documentation.

What color to paint hot / cold water / heating medium pipes?

All pipelines carrying substances, the main component of which is water, are colored green in accordance with.

How, according to regulatory documents, to distinguish the color of the supply pipeline from the return one to the central heating station, ITP, boiler room?

If the pipelines are marked in accordance with, then the supply and return pipelines are colored green (if the heat carrier is water).

To identify the supply and return pipelines, use the appropriate designations with the direction of movement and the inscription, for example "HEAT MEDIUM SUPPLY"

Is it correct to mark the heating medium supply / return pipes with yellow and brown rings on a green background?

The requirement to mark the supply pipeline of the heating network with a yellow ring on a green background, and the reverse one with a brown ring on a green background, is borrowed from the currently inoperative "Standard instructions for the operation, repair and control of stationary pipelines of network water RD 34.39.501, TI 34-70-042- 85 "and was valid only for pipelines of network water, which are on the balance sheet of power plants.

The current regulatory documentation for the marking of pipelines with a coolant refers exclusively to the requirements of GOST 14202.

How to properly label gas pipelines?

Pipelines transporting any gases are colored yellow in accordance with.

Indicate the name of the gas and the direction of travel by means of or.

It is also necessary, depending on the parameters of the gas, to apply warning rings of red or yellow color (Table 3,), and if the gas has a hazardous property (flammability, toxicity, oxidizing agent), then it is necessary to apply a corresponding danger sign.

How to mark steam pipelines?

Steam pipelines should be painted red and a red shield should be applied with the name and direction of its movement.

If the pressure in the steam pipeline is more than 1 kgf / cm² and the temperature of St. 120C, a yellow warning ring must be applied over the paint. As the steam parameters increase, the number of applied rings increases (see Table 3

GOST 14202-69 has the status of a valid document.

What materials should be used when marking pipelines in accordance with GOST 14202-69?

Also, there are no documents prohibiting marking with self-adhesive tapes and PVC-based markers.

Moreover, the use of self-adhesive materials is more expedient (generally accepted all over the world) - it is more convenient, faster, more accurate, allows you to more accurately comply with the important GOST requirements for color, size, font and shape.

Pressure testing is not just a hydraulic test of a system. This is a number of measures aimed at preparing the system for the heating season. This includes the repair of emergency areas, and replacement (repair) of valves, and calibration of pressure gauges, cleaning filters and much more.

In this article I will describe the main points that representatives of regulatory authorities pay attention to. The following is not the ultimate truth, each inspector has his own cockroaches in his head. But the required minimum of work must be done in any case.

So let's go ...

First, let's figure out what we are going to press. There are several options for connecting the building to the heating network. The first, the most common option, is when the entrance valves are installed next to the wall at the entrance from the city. With this option, the boundary of the delimitation of responsibility is the flange of the inlet valve, for everything that comes next (including the inlet valve) is the responsibility of the owner of the building. Accordingly, the heating unit and the building heating system are pressurized.

The second option is when the heating unit is located inside the building, and an internal heating main runs to it from the input valves through the building. With this connection option, it is necessary to clarify where the demarcation boundary lies. This will help us "Agreement on heat supply", which is concluded between the owner and the heat supply company. This agreement has an appendix, which indicates where the border of delimitation passes.

If the entry gate valves are considered the boundary of the demarcation, we press three elements of the system: an internal heating main, a heating unit and a heating system. If the line of separation of responsibility passes through the valves at the heating unit, naturally, we pressurize only the elevator (heating) unit and the heating system.

Pressure gauges

Perhaps the first thing an inspector pays attention to when accepting a pressure test is pressure gauges.

Checking the manometer

Gauges must be verified every year. Verification is a check of a measuring device for the accuracy of the readings. If the pressure gauge readings exceed the permissible error, it must be sent for calibration or replaced. Calibration, in essence, is the adjustment of the pressure gauge aimed at reducing the error in the measurement accuracy.

After verification, the stamp of the Metrological Service is applied to the pressure gauge body.

1. Month of the year (1, 2, 3, etc.), quarter (I, II, III, IV).
2. Sign of the State Standard.
3. The last digits of the year (here 2002).
4. Individual sign of the believer.
5. Code of the Metrological Service.

New gauges are subject to verification only after 18 months, that is, one year after commissioning. But when checking, it is necessary to provide passports for these devices (they are included in the kit).

Manometer connection

The pressure gauge should only be connected via a three-way valve or a ball valve with a pressure relief valve. Conventional ball valves do not fit.

Three-way valves often leak. Tip: to avoid leakage, before installing, turn the valve stem several times around its axis. Thus, you will evenly lubricate the stem and the inner surface of the valve with the grease that was applied during assembly.

Where should the pressure gauges stand?

Regarding the place of installation of pressure gauges, there is a whole bunch of standards (DBN V.2.5-39 -, SNiP 2.04.01 - Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings, SNiP 2.04.05 Heating, ventilation and air conditioning, SNiP II-35 Boiler plants). In simple words, I will say this: pressure gauges should stand before and after any equipment that can affect the pressure change: on all outgoing and passing pipelines before and after the stop valves, before and after the control equipment, before and after the mud collectors (to control its condition) and etc.

Another nuance that an inspector can pay attention to is the rating of the pressure gauge. At heating points, manometers with a nominal value of up to 1.6 MPa (16 bar) must be installed.

Thermometers

The thermometer well (pocket) should go 2/3 into the pipeline, so that the immersed part is in the center of the flow.

The wrong connection of the pressure gauge is shown here.

To ensure a good thermal contact, the thermometer sleeve must be filled with mineral oil (GOST 8.586.5-2005, clause 6.3.9.).

Washing filters and mud collectors

Cleaning filters and mud collectors is a mandatory procedure in the process of preparing heating for the heating season. The process of flushing the sump is quite simple: the flange is untwisted, and all the dirt is cleaned out of the sump. The same is with the oblique filter.

Elevator

The main requirement for the elevator unit is the flushing of the cone (nozzle). The diameter of the hole in the cone is 5-7 mm (calculated individually for each building), if the cone gets clogged, the building will not receive the required amount of heat.

The elevator must be sealed. To flush the nozzle, the seal must be removed, but so that there are no unnecessary questions, this must first be agreed with the inspector who will take the pressure test from you. After flushing, the elevator is sealed again.

Often, inspectors require that a tag hang on the elevator with the diameter of the hole in the cone indicated on it.

Insulation and warning colored rings on pipelines

All pipelines in the ITP (TsTP) must be painted and insulated. The insulation should not hang in rags, everything should be neat. Metering units and elevators are also isolated.

On the pipeline, markers should indicate the direction of movement of the coolant. Colored warning rings are applied to identify the contents of the pipes. For heating, rings of green (main color) and yellow on the supply, green and brown on the return are used. The same marking is used for DHW. Drainage and cold water are indicated by green rings.

Shut-off valves

Shut-off valves must perform their main function - to shut off the flow of the coolant. If there are valves on the heating unit that “do not hold”, they must be replaced. Different sections of the system are pressurized under different pressures, and if there is an inoperative valve in the circuit, it will definitely show itself.

Valve marking

Ideally, everything should look like this: the heating point should have a diagram showing numbered and marked inlet and outlet pipelines, shut-off and control valves, drainage and drainage devices. The diagram should correspond to the state of the system at the moment, that is, if changes have been made to the system, they should be displayed on the diagram.

All of the above devices must have labels with designations corresponding to the designations in the diagram (1,2 - shut-off valves on the supply and discharge pipelines, t1 and t2 - thermometers, P1 and P2 - pressure gauges, etc.).

In practice, in small heating points, inspectors do not always focus on this. The main thing is that it is clear what is going where, for example: "supply to the left wing", "return from the right wing", "supply to ventilation", etc. But if everything is "according to Feng Shui" - this is an additional plus.

Wedge gate valves revision

Old-style gate valves require extra attention during operation.

Wedge gate valve device: 1 - wedge, 2 - cover, 3 - flywheel, 4 - seat, 5 - body, 6 - sealing ring, 7 - spindle, 8 - threaded bushing, 9 - bushing, 10 - post, 11 - gland flange , 12 - stuffing box packing made of thermally expanded graphite.

In such valves, it is imperative to stuff the stuffing box every year. And within a year, if a leak occurs from the stuffing box, it is necessary to tighten the flange. If this is not done, the valve will become unusable.

To replace the stuffing box packing, unscrew the nuts on the union bolts, raise the flange, remove the old stuffing box packing and fill in a new one. The seal is wound with rings around the spindle and pressed against the flange.

When tightening the flange, you need to be careful: if you overdo it, the cast iron flange can burst, and its replacement is very problematic, in practice it is easier to change the valve completely.

There should be no signs of rust on the valve. The body should be painted black, the flywheel red, and the rising stem should be greased with grease.

Drainage

Heat points are supplied with a ladder for gravity drainage of water, and if it is impossible to implement - a drainage sump with a pump (SP 124.13330.2012 Heating networks. Updated edition of SNiP 41-02-2003 p.14.20). The pit is closed with a removable grate. The latest innovation is that the edge of the pit should be painted with yellow and black stripes.

If there is a safety valve in the TP, then it must be equipped with a drain pipeline so that in the event of a trigger, no one (or nothing) will suffer (o).

Outcome

There were cases when the inspector said in plain text that he would find ten comments on two meters of the heating unit. It doesn't matter that there were no such comments last year. In the eyes of regulatory authorities, an ideal system does not exist. But this is a topic for another conversation ...

The marking of pipelines, in accordance with current standards, is made to identify the substance transported in it. Typically, substances are identified using color analyzers. Special identification rings, stickers with warning notices (this applies to hazardous substances) can also be applied.

Modern marking of pipelines, etc. is done only in accordance with GOST. The surface of the pipeline is painted in a certain color, special inscriptions are attached. Heat exchangers, as well as pipelines through which hot water or steam is supplied, are painted with heat-resistant enamel. It is necessary that all labels exactly comply with the rules for the safe operation of steam and hot water. On the main lines, a number is necessarily applied in Roman numerals, as well as an arrow showing the direction of movement of the transported substance. The same trunk number is applied to the trunk branches. All inscriptions must be clearly visible, they must not be obscured by valves and latches.

According to GOST 14202 69, in the case of coating the surface of a pipeline with a metal sheathing, painting of this sheathing is optional, but a symbolic designation of its type and class of the transported substance can be applied to the pipeline. The coloring and inscriptions on these pipelines must strictly comply with the same standard.

All equipment carrying hot liquid or steam must be adequately insulated. This is done to avoid burns. The temperature on the surface of the insulation should not cause damage to the skin when touched.

There must be arrows on the pipelines showing the movement of the working fluid. All inscriptions should be visible and made only in block letters. Well-visible serial numbers should also be applied to pumping units, valves, gates and other mechanisms. Also, pipes need appropriate markings, which should indicate their purpose. In this case, it can be easily identified.

All state standards are mandatory for all subjects of housing and communal services, heat supply, regardless of their form of ownership. Failure to comply with such rules can lead to accidents, fires and other man-made accidents.

Reliable and simple gearbox Ch-80
The most confident transfer of forces and at the same time change the direction of transmission are worm gearboxes, such as the h-80 gearbox. Their use provides a significant reduction in the speed of rotation of the shafts.

RTI in household appliances
Rubber goods (industrial rubber goods) are used not only in industry, but also in everyday life: without rubber goods, it is difficult to imagine modern household appliances (refrigerators, washing machines and dishwashers, food processors, etc.) present in every home.

Electric gate valves - ease of pipeline operation
The advantages of electrically driven gate valves include: versatility, that is, locking equipment can be used in any pipelines; high flow shut-off rate; durability and reliability.

PVC insulating tape - the best of insulating tape
The most common area where electrical tape is used is electrical insulation in everyday life, in industry and during construction work.

Plasma cutting machines - their features and benefits
Currently, manual rollers are used for single production of bulk products, and modern equipment equipped with automation is more suitable for large industries. In addition to bending a flat sheet and a metal profile, metal cutting is required for the production of products, and now such operations are carried out using high-precision equipment.

STP OmGUPS – 1.13–04

Enterprise standard

Approved and put into effect by order No. from

Date of introduction 06/01/04

1 area of ​​use

This standard sets out the rules for the design of thermal circuits.

The requirements of the standard apply to student academic and graduation qualification works performed at all departments of the university.

2 Normative references

GOST 2.780-96. ESKD. Graphic designations. Conditioners of the working environment, hydraulic and pneumatic tanks;

GOST 2.781-96. Escd. Graphic designations. Hydraulic and pneumatic devices, control devices and instrumentation;

GOST 2.782–96. ESKD. Graphic designations. Pumps and motors, hydraulic and pneumatic;

GOST 2.784–96. ESKD. Graphic designations. Elements of pipelines;

GOST 21.205–93. SPDS. Symbols of sanitary systems;

GOST 21.206–93. SPDS. Symbols of pipelines;

GOST 21.403–80. SPDS. Conditional graphic designations in schemes. Power equipment;

GOST 21.404–85. SPDS. Automation of thermal processes. Symbols of conventional devices and automation equipment in diagrams;

GOST 21.604–82. SPDS. Water supply and sewerage. External networks;

GOST 21.605–82. SPDS. Thermal networks. Working drawings;

GOST 21.606-95. SPDS. Rules for the implementation of working documentation for thermal-mechanical solutions for boiler houses;

GOST 21.609–83. SPDS. Gas supply. Internal devices. Working drawings;

STP OmGUPS – 1.1–02. Student academic and final qualification works. Basic provisions;

STP OmGUPS – 1.3–02. Student academic and final qualification works. General rules for drawing up drawings;

STP OmGUPS – 1.4–02. Student academic and final qualification works. General rules for the execution of schemes;

STP OmGUPS – 1.11–03. Student academic and final qualification works. Rules for the design of construction drawings.

3 Terms and definitions

3.1 Thermal diagram - a type of energy diagram, on which, with the help of conventional graphic symbols, they show the main and auxiliary equipment of a heat power facility (boiler room, CHP, TPP, etc.), united by pipelines for transporting heat carriers in the form of steam or water.

3.2 Depending on the main purpose, the thermal circuit can be structural, principle, connections (installation).

3.2.1 Structural diagram  a diagram that defines the main functional parts of the product, their purpose and relationships. Structural diagrams are developed during the design of products (installations) at the stages preceding the development of diagrams of other types, and are used for general acquaintance with the product (installation). In the heat engineering literature, such a scheme is called principle.

3.2.2 Schematic diagram (complete)  a diagram that defines the full composition of elements and connections between them and, as a rule, gives a detailed idea of ​​the principles of operation of the product (installation). Principle schemes are used to study the principles of operation of products (installations), as well as during their adjustment, control and repair. They serve as the basis for the development of other design documents, for example, connection diagrams (installation) and drawings. In the heat engineering literature, such schemes are called deployed.

3.2.3 Connection diagram (installation) - a diagram showing the connections of the component parts of the product (installation) and defining the pipelines that make these connections, as well as the places of their connections and input. Connection diagrams (installation) are used in the development of other design documents, first of all, drawings that determine the laying and methods of fastening pipelines in a product (installation), as well as for the implementation of connections, during the control, operation and repair of products (installations). In the thermal engineering literature, such a scheme is called a working one, it is usually performed in an orthogonal, and individual complex nodes in an axonometric image.

3.3 In the title block, the name of the circuit is indicated in full, for example: Thermal circuit.

3.4 The designation of the circuit should be composed of the letter "P" (power diagram) and the number 1 (structural), 3 (principal) or 4 (assembly).

The rules written in GOST 21.205-93, regulate exactly how alphanumeric pipeline symbols plumbing systems, which refer to external heating, sewerage and water supply networks, as well as internal water supply and sewerage networks, heating networks, ventilation and air conditioning systems.

Alphanumeric designation	Name
Water pipes
B0	General designation of a water supply system
IN 1	Domestic drinking water supply
IN 2	Fire-fighting plumbing
Industrial water supply
AT 3	General designation of industrial water supply
AT 4	Water supply system for circulating water supply
AT 5	Return water supply
AT 6	Softened water supply
AT 7	For river water
AT 8	For clarified river water
AT 9	For underground water
Sewerage
K0	General designation of the sewage system
K1	Household sewerage
K2	Rainwater drain
Industrial sewerage
K3	General designation of industrial sewage
K4	Sewerage for mechanically polluted waters
K5	Sludge sewerage
K6	Sewerage for sludge-containing waters
K7	For chemically polluted waters
K8	Sour water drainage
K9	For alkaline waters
K10	For acidic waters
K11	For cyanogenous waters
K12	For chromium-containing waters
Heat pipe
T0	General pipeline designation
For heating, ventilation, air conditioning and process technology
T1	Supply pipeline
T2	Return piping
Hot water piping
T3	Pitcher
T4	circulatory
Hot water for technological processes
T5	Supply pipeline
T6	Return pipeline
Steam heating
T7	Steam line
T8	Condensate line

Note:

For those pipeline systems of sewerage and water supply that are not provided for by the table, it is necessary to accept the designations, setting the sequential numbering, which is a continuation of the one indicated in the table.

If the industrial or drinking water supply system simultaneously plays the role of a fire-fighting one, then it is assigned exactly the same number as the production or drinking water supply. In this case, a corresponding explanation is applied to the drawing.

Pipeline

In modern technology, pipelines refer to such devices that are designed to transport a variety of liquid, gaseous and bulk media. The main components of piping systems are: straight pipes that are tightly connected to each other; suspensions and supports; control and measuring equipment; locking and regulating devices; fasteners; seals and gaskets; automation equipment.

In addition, the elements of pipeline systems include the materials necessary to provide effective protection of all of the above components from the harmful effects of low and high temperatures, as well as from electrochemical corrosion.

The locations of the elements of pipeline systems are their branches, turns, as well as transitions to a different diameter. They serve to ensure a long service life of the system as a whole, as well as the tightness of the entire structure. Practice shows that without such elements as bends, tees and transitions, almost no pipeline system is now implemented.

Liquid properties

Liquids are those substances that are in a liquid state of aggregation. It, in turn, is intermediate between the state of aggregation, solid and gaseous. The liquid also has such a property that is not found in any other state of aggregation: it is capable of changing its shape within practically unlimited limits under the influence of tangential mechanical stresses. In this case, the mechanical stresses can be very small, and the volume of the liquid remains unchanged.

Another important property inherent in all fluids is surface tension. Neither gases nor solids have it, but it is explained by the following reasons: due to the fact that the balance of forces acting on the surface molecules is disturbed, a certain new resulting force directed into the substance appears. This explains the fact that the surface of the liquid is always "stretched". If we consider this situation from the point of view of physics, then it can be argued that surface tension is nothing more than the force due to which the liquid molecules do not move from its surface to the deep layers. It is the force of surface tension that explains the shape of falling drops of any liquid.

Below are answers to the most common questions about the marking of pipelines of industrial and civil facilities.

What color should the pipelines in the central heating station, ITP, boiler room be painted?

According to GOST 14202, the marking of pipelines does not depend on the object, but depends on the substance in the pipeline.

Pipelines with the transported substance WATER are colored green, STEAM - red, AIR - blue, GAS - yellow, ACIDS - orange, ALKALI - purple, LIQUIDS - brown, OTHER - gray.

How to mark pipelines in the central heating station, ITP, boiler room?

In the pipelines of the central heating station / ITP / boiler rooms, the most common substances are water, steam, gas.

The pipeline with water should be painted green, with steam - red, with gas - yellow. The identification coloring is allowed to be applied in sections.

It is also necessary to indicate the name and direction of movement of the substance using or. Their color must be the same as the color of the identification paint. The locations of the shields are regulated by the regulatory documentation.

What color to paint hot / cold water / heating medium pipes?

All pipelines carrying substances, the main component of which is water, are colored green in accordance with.

How, according to regulatory documents, to distinguish the color of the supply pipeline from the return one to the central heating station, ITP, boiler room?

If the pipelines are marked in accordance with, then the supply and return pipelines are colored green (if the heat carrier is water).

To identify the supply and return pipelines, use the appropriate designations with the direction of movement and the inscription, for example "HEAT MEDIUM SUPPLY"

Is it correct to mark the heating medium supply / return pipes with yellow and brown rings on a green background?

The requirement to mark the supply pipeline of the heating network with a yellow ring on a green background, and the reverse one with a brown ring on a green background, is borrowed from the currently inoperative "Standard instructions for the operation, repair and control of stationary pipelines of network water RD 34.39.501, TI 34-70-042- 85 "and was valid only for pipelines of network water, which are on the balance sheet of power plants.

The current regulatory documentation for the marking of pipelines with a coolant refers exclusively to the requirements of GOST 14202.

How to properly label gas pipelines?

Pipelines transporting any gases are colored yellow in accordance with.

Indicate the name of the gas and the direction of travel by means of or.

It is also necessary, depending on the parameters of the gas, to apply warning rings of red or yellow color (table 3,), and if the gas has a hazardous property (flammability, toxicity, oxidizer), then it is necessary to apply a corresponding danger sign.

How to mark steam pipelines?

Steam pipelines should be painted red and a red shield should be applied with the name and direction of its movement.

If the pressure in the steam pipeline is more than 1 kgf / cm² and the temperature of St. 120C, a yellow warning ring must be applied over the paint. As the steam parameters increase, the number of applied rings increases (see Table 3

GOST 14202-69 has the status of a valid document.

What materials should be used when marking pipelines in accordance with GOST 14202-69?

Also, there are no documents prohibiting marking with self-adhesive tapes and PVC-based markers.

Moreover, the use of self-adhesive materials is more expedient (generally accepted all over the world) - it is more convenient, faster, more accurate, allows you to more accurately comply with the important GOST requirements for color, size, font and shape.

■ GOST R 12.4.026-2001. Signal colors, safety signs and signal markings. Purpose and application rules. General technical requirements and characteristics. Test methods.

4.68. Depending on the purpose of the pipeline and the parameters of the environment, the surface of the pipeline must be painted in the appropriate color and have markings in accordance with the requirements of the "Rules for the construction and safe operation of steam and hot water pipelines" of Gosgortekhnadzor.

Coloring, symbols, letter sizes and location of inscriptions must comply with GOST 14202. Plate heat exchangers should be painted with heat-resistant enamel.

■ SP 90.13330.2012. Set of rules. Thermal power plants. Updated edition of SNiP II-58-75 (approved by Order of the Ministry of Regional Development of Russia dated June 30, 2012 No. 282).

9.1.14. The coloring of premises and equipment should be designed in accordance with GOST 14202 and GOST R 12.4.026, taking into account the color scheme of interiors and facades.

9.1.15. For all types of structures, protection against corrosion should be provided in accordance with the requirements of the code of practice for protection against corrosion.

For metal structures, if necessary, fire protection, structural or with the use of OZS, should also be provided.

When using OZS for fire protection of load-bearing metal structures, the design documentation should indicate:

Fire resistance limit of structures;

OZS fire retardant efficiency group;

OZS name, designation of technical conditions and fire safety certificate;

The thickness of the OZS layer, corresponding to the group of fire retardant efficiency, taking into account the reduced thickness of the section of structures;

Permitted types (grades) of soils according to the fire safety certificate and topcoats

(decorative and protective) compositions specified in the technical specifications or agreed with the developers of the OZS.

Work on the application of OZS should be carried out in accordance with the PPR developed by a specialized organization involved in the performance of these works.

9.4. Depending on the purpose of the pipeline and the parameters of the medium, the surface of the pipeline must be painted in the appropriate color and have markings in accordance with the requirements of PB 03-75 of Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia.

Coloring, symbols, letter sizes and location of inscriptions must comply with GOST 14202.

2.2.1. All hot parts of equipment, pipes, tanks and other elements, touching which can cause burns, must be thermally insulated. The temperature on the surface of the insulation at an ambient temperature of 25 ° C should be no higher than 45 ° C. Color, symbols, letter sizes and location of inscriptions should comply with the Rules for the Construction and Safe Operation of Steam and Hot Water Pipelines and GOST 14202-69 "Pipelines of Industrial Enterprises ... Identification coloring, warning signs and marking plates ”.

■ TI 34-70-042-85. Typical instructions for the operation, repair and control of station pipelines of network water (approved by the Main Technical Directorate for the Operation of Power Systems on July 2, 1985) (RD dated July 02, 1985 No. 34-70-042-85; TI dated July 02, 1985 . No. 34.39.501; CO (Organization Standard) dated July 02, 1985 No. 153-34.39.501).

4.2.11. Coloring (color, sizes of colored rings) and inscriptions (conventional letters, sizes of letters and numbers) on pipelines must comply with the rules of the USSR Gosgortekhnadzor and GOST 14202-69.

4.2.12. The following inscriptions must be made on the main network pipelines:

Highway number (in Roman numerals);

Arrow indicating the direction of movement of the working medium;

Letter designations of the coolant (supply pipeline - PS, return pipeline - OS).

4.2.13. On the network and make-up pipelines within the heat treatment plant, the following must be applied:

Arrows indicating the direction of movement of the working medium;

Letter designations of the coolant (mains water - SV, make-up mains water - V.P.).

Letters and numbers are in printed type. The inscriptions are applied with paint, clearly visible against the background of the main paint of the pipeline. Placement of an inscription on colored rings is not allowed.

4.2.14. The number of inscriptions on the same pipeline is not standardized. The inscriptions must be visible from the valve control points. In the places where the pipeline exits and enters another room, as well as at the entrance and exit of a non-passable channel, inscriptions are required.