Gorky city as they now call. How is the city of Gorky called now? Whether there was an older name

Before notifying exactly how the ancient Nizhny Novgorod was called before, it should be told a little about the history of his occurrence.

Whether there was an older name

Nizhny Novgorod is one of the major Russian cities with ancient and rich history. His emergence contributed primarily by military necessity. In the old days, Russian princes constantly conflicted with the Volga Bulgaria. The location of the city (at the mouth of the Oka) was a comfortable platform for collecting a man from Murom and Suzdali.

In 1220, after the victory over the Bulgars, the prince of Yuri Vsevolodovich came to mind the idea to establish a fortified outpost in this place.

For quite a long time, historians believed that the name "Novgorod" testifies that even earlier in the mouth of Oki was another settlement. Different versions were published, according to which it was founded on the balances of one of the Bulgarian cities:

Bryakhimov;
Own;
Great city.

However, these assumptions were confirmed by archaeological surveys held for many decades. On the territory of the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin and in its surroundings there are no traces of more ancient buildings.

origin of name

Why was the city called "Lower"? This adjective appeared already in late chronicles. The introduction of it in everyday life, as scientists believes, is due to the fact that:

there was a need to distinguish it from the Great and other Novgorod;
the settlement was located in the lower reaches of the Oka.

After the base of Lower, active Russian expansion began in the region:

already in 1226 several Erzyan (Mordovsky) settlements were captured;
in 1228, the Russians made a new campaign, which ended due to bad weather;
a year later, the united forces of several principalities attacked the Votchin of the Erzyansky ruler of Purgas, but retreated, having met fierce resistance.

The last, after a few months, tried to take Nizhny Novgorod, but could not. And more like attacks were not.

The first fortifications were bulk trees with wooden palico. The location of the fortress guaranteed its invulnerability. The chapter mountain, on which the Kremlin and was erected, from both sides, goes to the cluster shores of Oki and Volga, with the third defended his deepest ravine.

At first, there were only two stone buildings in the city - temples, one of which is still to this day (Arkhangelsk Cathedral). These buildings themselves are indisputable evidence of the special role of Lower in Vladimir-Suzdal lands. But the invasion of Mongol-Tatars prevented rapidly flourishing.

Renamation

Nizhny Novgorod retained its name unchanged until the beginning of the 20th century.

In the 20s, the USSR passed the active struggle with the "elder" toponyms. In this way, the Soviet government tried to strengthen its dominant role and eradicate from the new history of Russia the memory of its imperial past.

Travel Guide in the city of Gorky 1960 edition.

Publishing house "Gorkovskaya Pravda"

The city of Gorky is the former Nizhny Novgorod - a large industrial and cultural center. It has a centuries-old history rich events.
From the moment of its foundation (1221) and until the middle of the XVI century, Nizhny Novgorod was the Eastern Border Fortress of Russia on the Volga.
At the beginning of the XVII century (in 1611), a nationwide militia was created in Nizhny Novgorod to call the Great Russian Patriot, which saved the country from the threat of foreign enslavement.
At the end of the past and the beginning of the current century, the city was famous for the All-Russian Fair, who played an important role in the country's economy.
From the second half of the XIX century, Nizhny Novgorod develops as a major industrial center. Nizhny Novgorod proletariat was one of the avant-garde detachments of the proletarian revolutionary movement in our country. They were led by the Nizhny Novgorod party organization, created in the active participation of the Great Lenin. Nizhny Novgorod workers conducted a tense struggle with autocracy, capitalists and landowners, fought on the barricades in December 1905 and won the days of the Great October.
During the Civil War and Foreign Military Intervention and during the Great Patriotic War, the city was one of the Arsenals of the Soviet Army who had visited weapons over the enemies of the Soviets.
Nizhny Novgorod - Gorky - the birthplace of many outstanding revolutionaries, figures of Russian and Soviet science and culture. The great writer A. M. Gorky, whose name is born and worked, whose name is the city since 1932. In N. Novgorod, Ya. M. Sverdlov began and began his revolutionary activities. The city's natives are the brilliant inventor I. P. Kulibin, the great mathematician N. I. Lobachevsky, an outstanding critic and a revolutionary democrat N. A. Dobrolyubov, Composer M. A. Balakirev, writers P. I. Melnikov-Pechersky, V. I. Kostylev and many others.
Gorky has survived a lot of monuments of the antiquity of the XVI-XVIII centuries. During the years of Soviet power, the city has changed, grown, grown out. Nine tenths of its territory are huge residential areas, dozens of enterprises - all this has arisen in the Soviet period on the site of wasterees, former suburban villages and villages. If in the correspondence of 1926 in N. Novgorod, 184.9 thousand people lived in N. Novgorod, Canvin and Sorov, then according to the 1959 census, the population of Gorky amounted to 942 thousand people.
On May 2, 1930, a giant of domestic automotive was laid on the site of the deserted and swamp near the village of Monastyrki. Nowadays, a large residential area with dozens of well-maintained streets widely spread.
The number of residents of the district almost twice the number of population of pre-revolutionary lower. The same changes occurred in the Sormovsky district, where in the multi-storey building were dissolved and disappeared from the face of the village of the village, surrounding the Sormovsky Plant. Large residential arrays are created and created in other areas of the city.
Gorky industry gives a country a lot of diverse products. Compared to 1913, the production of large industries increased in 191 times. The leading branches of the Gorky industry are the automotive industry, machine-tooling, river shipbuilding, mechanical engineering. In addition, there are a number of large enterprises of light and food industry.
In our country and far beyondly known, comfortable cars "Seagull" and "Volga", GAZ-51 trucks, GAZ-BZ, GAZ-62 and others manufactured in the Gorky Automobile Plant. On many waterways of the country, vessels made on the oldest enterprise of the city - the Krasnoy Sormovo plant. In Sorov, the flagships of the Volga Fleet are made - the diesel-electric power supply "Lenin" and "Soviet Union", the production of high-speed multi-seat passenger ships on underwater wings has been established. In our country and abroad, milling machines, mill equipment, and many other products manufactured by the Gorky industry are well known. For the seven-year plan, there is a significant technical re-equipment of the Gorky industry and it will create the release of many new product samples.
The city of Gorky is a major transport center.
On the Volga and Oka during the navigation period, dozens of ships with nationality goods and passengers are sent daily. Gorky port on freight turnover is the largest river port of the Soviet Union. The currently electrified Gorky Railway is one of the most significant railway railways.
Further development receives urban transport. The total length of the tram routes of the city is about 170 kilometers, and the length of bus routes is 400 km. The city has seven trolley buse routes and a taxi large park. Large work on asphalting of streets, landscaping, street lighting is translated into daylight lamps, a large-scale gasification is carried out.
Gorky city is a major cultural center. It has ten higher educational institutions, a number of scientific research institutes, 21 technical schools, more than 150 schools.
Opera and dramatic theaters, a comedy theater, theater of the young spectator and a puppet theater, are operating in the city, there are two largest cultural palaces, a film-concert hall, philharmonic, 45 cinemas and clubs, about 400 libraries, 6 museums, television center.
The city's population is serviced by 54 hospitals, 54 ambulatory and clinics, which operate over 3500 doctors.
On the seven-year plan is planned for the further development of urban economy. There will be more than three and a half million square meters of living space in the city, which is almost three pre-revolutionary lower Novgorod. New highway and railway bridges will be built through OKU and the Volga, urban embankments are reconstructed. Note works on the further improvement of the city.
Performing party decisions and governments, the workers of Gorky city are tirelessly working for the benefit of their great homeland, make their worthy contribution to the exercise of the great task of the deployed construction of communism in our country.

1. Monument V. I. Lenin in Sorov

2. Zelensky Congress

3. Sormovo. Outline Comintern.

4. Revolution Square

5. Street Ya. M. Sverdlova (the historical name is now returned - Large Pokrovskaya, now the street is pedestrian - here and hereinafter - italics my notes)

6. Automobile plant. Society.

7. New residential buildings on Arzamas highway.

8. Entry to the Kremlin.

9. The building of the regional council of trade unions.

10. Monument to the heroes of the 1905 revolution.

11. On the children's railway. A. M. Gorky.

12. Opera and Ballet Theater. A. S. Pushkin

13. Dramatics. A. M. Gorky

14. Central entrance to the new building of the university. N. I. Lobachevsky

15. Diesel-stakes "Lenin". Built at the Red Sormovo Plant (burned during the winter repair of 1986-1987, the body is divided into a metal in the raise memory of the Paris commune in the mid-90s)

16. Historical and Architectural Museum-Reserve

17. In one of the halls of the museum

18. Monument A. M. Gorky

19. Household Museum of Childhood A. M. Gorky. ("Kashirina House").

20. City Council Building

21. Automobile plant. On the conveyor assembly of cars "Volga"

22. Car "Seagull"

23. Palace of Culture. V. I. Lenin

24. On children's speech shipping

25. In the concert hall of the conservatory. M. I. Glinka.

26. Polytechnic Institute. A. A. Zhdanova

27. Institute of Water Transport Engineers (now Volzhskaya Public Agreement Academy of Water Transport)

28. Agricultural Institute

29. In the Kremlin.

30. Monument V. P. Chkalov

31. Automobile factory. Cinema Concert Hall.

32. Monument to Ya. M. Sverdlov

33. In one of the squares of the city.

34. On the winter day.

35. Palace of Pioneers. V. P. Chkalova.

36. View of the bridge over the OKU (Kanavinsky Bridge)

37. Continuous casting steel at the Red Sormovo plant.

38. At the berths of the passenger pier.

39. In the sewing factory workshop

40. At the entrance to the state bank

41. Icebreaker on the Volga (in the photo - the icebreaker "Don" of the project 16. Built in 1950, written off, partitioned in 2008 in the raise memory of the Paris Commune)

42. In the river port (project motor ship 576 "Sviyazhsk")

43. At the Torpedo Stadium

44. At the rink of the Dynamo Stadium

45. Gorky HPP (HPP itself is located in the city and connects two cities - Zavalzhye and Gorodets, in the photo captured the final stage of construction)

46. \u200b\u200bVolga Embankment.

47. Hotel "Central"

Travel Guide in the city of Gorky 1960 edition. Publishing house "Gorkovskaya Pravda"

Under the cut - text and 57 photos. The style and spelling of the original.

1. Monument V. I. Lenin in Sorov

2. Zelensky Congress

3. Sormovo. Outline Comintern.

4. Revolution Square

5. Street Ya. M. Sverdlova ( the historical name is now returned - Large Pokrovskaya, now the street is pedestrian - here and hereinafter - italics my notes)

6. Automobile plant. Society.

7. New residential buildings on Arzamas highway.

8. Entry to the Kremlin.

9. The building of the regional council of trade unions.

10. Monument to the heroes of the 1905 revolution.

11. On the children's railway. A. M. Gorky.

12. Opera and Ballet Theater. A. S. Pushkin

13. Dramatics. A. M. Gorky

14. Central entrance to the new building of the university. N. I. Lobachevsky

15. Diesel-stakes "Lenin". Built at the Red Sormovo Plant ( burned during the winter repair of 1986-1987, the body is divided into a metal in the raise memory of the Paris commune in the mid-90s)

16. Historical and Architectural Museum-Reserve

17. In one of the halls of the museum

18. Monument A. M. Gorky

19. Household Museum of Childhood A. M. Gorky. ("Kashirina house").

20. City Council Building

21. Automobile plant. On the conveyor assembly of cars "Volga"

22. Car "Seagull"

23. Palace of Culture. V. I. Lenin

24. On children's speech shipping

25. In the concert hall of the conservatory. M. I. Glinka.

26. Polytechnic Institute. A. A. Zhdanova

28. Agricultural Institute

29. In the Kremlin.

30. Monument V. P. Chkalov

31. Automobile factory. Cinema Concert Hall.

32. Monument to Ya. M. Sverdlov

33. In one of the squares of the city.

34. On the winter day.

35. Palace of Pioneers. V. P. Chkalova.

36. View of the bridge over the OKU ( Kanavinsky Bridge)

37. Continuous casting steel at the Red Sormovo plant.

38. At the berths of the passenger pier.

39. In the sewing factory workshop

40. At the entrance to the state bank

41. Icebreaker on the Volga ( in the photo - the icebreaker "Don" of the project 16. Built in 1950, written off, partitioned in 2008 in the raise memory of the Paris Commune)

42. In the river port ( project motor ship 576 "Sviyazhsk")

43. At the Torpedo Stadium

44. At the rink of the Dynamo Stadium

45. Gorky HPP ( HPP itself is located in the city and connects two cities - Zavalzhye and Gorodets, in the photo captured the final stage of construction)

46. \u200b\u200bVolga Embankment.

47. Hotel "Central"

48. Fight young pioneers

49. Concert of the Symphony Orchestra on Volzhsky Dust

50. In the reading room of the regional library. V. I. Lenin.

51. Communication house ( i do not know how in those years - but now it's perhaps the only house in the country without an address - it is written in the documents - Nizhny Novgorod, the House of Communications)

52. In kindergarten

53. Boats on underwater wings on the Volga.

54. Ski springboard.

55. Automobile plant. Department store.

56. "Meteor" is a 150-seater ship on underwater wings. Built at the Red Sormovo plant in 1959.

57. In Telozer Studio.

Welcome!

You are on the main page Encyclopedia of Nizhny Novgorod - the central reference resource of the region leaving with the support of the public organizations of Nizhny Novgorod.

At the moment, the Encyclopedia is a description of the regional life and the surrounding external world from the point of view of the Nizhny Novgorod. Here you can freely publish materials of an informational, commercial and personal character, create convenient links of the species and make your opinion in most existing texts. Participation of the encyclopedia pays special attention to authoritative sources - reports of influential, informed and successful Nizhny Novgorod persons.

We invite you to enter more Nizhny Novgorod information in the Encyclopedia, become an expert, and perhaps one of the administrators.

Principles of Encyclopedia:

2. Unlike Wikipedia, in the Nizhny Novgorod Encyclopedia there may be information and an article about any, even the smallest Nizhny Novgorod phenomenon. In addition, the scientificity is not required, neutrality and the like.

3. Simplicity of presentation and natural human language - the basis of our style and is warmly welcomed when they help bring the truth. The encyclopedia articles are designed to be understandable and make practical benefits.

4. Different and mutually exclusive points of view are allowed. About the same phenomenon you can create different articles. For example, the state of affairs on paper, in reality, in the folk presentation, from the point of view of a certain group of persons.

5. The argued folk word has always priority over the administrative stationery style.

Read the main provisions

We invite you to write articles - about Nizhny Novgorod phenomena in which you think of your opinion.

Project status

Nizhny Novgorod Encyclopedia is a fully independent project. Ann is funded and supported exclusively by individuals and develops activists, on a non-commercial basis.

Official contacts

Non-profit organization " Open Nizhny Novgorod Encyclopedia» (self-proclaimed organization)

The name of the city of Gorky existed at all for a long time in relation to the centuries-old history of the city of Nizhny Novgorod. Nizhny Novgorod was founded in the distant 1221, its historical center, the Kremlin, is known for the fact that it has never been encroached by the attacks of the enemy, and the city itself became the center of the largest fair of Russia - Nizhny Novgorod. Also called first and province, and then the region whose center was Nizhny Novgorod. In 1932, after the death of the proletarian writer, the city was renamed bitter, but the name did not exist for a little less than 60 years and in 1990 the city again found its historical name. Together with the city at the same time, the region was renamed.

The city, which was previously called the city of Gorky - Nizhny Novgorod.

In 1932, the city was renamed in honor of the writer Maxim Gorky (Alexei Peshkova).

The city was returned to his historical name in 1990.

Related by the fact that the city is located in the city the automotive factory.

The city itself was founded 1221 and was named Novgorod Nodovskaya, and 1425, with Vasili II, during a great growth of the Earth, he was attached to Moscow and called Nizhny Novgorod, on October 7, 1932 the city was renamed bitter and fully called Novgorod Gorky, October 22, 1990, the former name Nizhny Novgorod.

The city of Nizhny Novgorod from 1932 to 1990 was called the city of Gorky, in honor of the proletarian writer Maxim Peshkov (Gorky), which was founded as a city in 1221. Since 1990, renamed Nizhny Novgorod.

Gorky now Nizhny Novgorod, the bitter was bitter long enough, as he was called earlier, unfortunately, I do not know

This city has repeatedly changed its name. They called him in honor of Maxim Gorky, but later renamed again to Nizhny Novgorod, which he is to this day. Gorky it was called for 58 years from 1932 to 1990. They returned the name during the restructuring times.

Gorky is now called Nizhny Novgorod. The name of the bitter city was bored from 1932 to 1990. Then he returned his native historical name.

Nizhny Novgorod is an ancient city (founded 1221), located in the place where the Oka merges with the Volga. He is the center of the Nizhny Novgorod region.

The city of Gorky returned his historical name Nizhny Novgorod.

Founded Nizhny Novgorod in 1227.

And the occasion of renaming the city was the 40th anniversary of the literary activities of Maxim Gorky.

Although Maxim Gorky himself did not really want, so that the city was called in honor of his name, but no one asked writers at that time, they want or not, so that they were called the city and the streets.

And only on October 22, 1990, the city returned his historical name Nizhny Novgorod.

And June 12, 2015 Nizhny Novgorod Mark City Day, the city turns 794.

before the revolution, he was called Nizhny Novgorod and now it is also called, this is my hometown

The city, which someone may know the name of Gorky, is currently returned to its historical name Nizhny Novgorod.

Nizhny Novgorod conducted its history from 1221, when it was built at the Merge of the Volga and Oka. In 1932, the city was renamed in honor of the famous writer Maxim Gorky and wore the name bitter until 1990, when a few years after the collapse of the USSR, a wave of returning historical names to the citys, streets, metro stations was also screwed down the initial name.

The city of Gorky this city was called from 1932 to October 22, 1990 - 58 years, now it is called Nizhny Novgorod.

After the revolution, many cities of Russia (Vladikavkaz, St. Petersburg, Ekaterinburg, etc.) were awarded new names in honor of people - the heroes of revolution and civil war, but in the 90s, old names returned to these cities - the historical names returned.

Now the city of Gorky is called Nizhny Novgorod. The fact is that initially Gorky had exactly the name - Nizhny Novgorod (called the city so in 1221, at the time of its foundation).

In early October 1932, the city was given another name - bitter. It was done in honor of the anniversary of the writer Maxim Gorky (by the way, Maxim Gorky himself was against such an act).

At the end of October 1990, the city began to be called again!