Installation of wooden forests. How to make scaffolding yourself. The material for the assembly of scaffolding and forests traditionally serves wood or metal. The wooden design is cheaper than steel, but withstands no more than two or three repeated assemblies. After that she go

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Are there any regulatory requirements for the layouts used when laying the walls and finishing of facades? In this article, we will get acquainted with documents regulating their structure, as well as find out how self-made homemade forests are harvested.

Regulations

Casual forest requirements are mentioned in countless labor protection guidelines; However, whether their serious attention is paid to all two documents:

GOST 24258-88 describes use in the construction of devices;
SNiP 12-03-99 is devoted to the safety of labor in construction; Forming means are referred to in section 7.4 of this document.

Clarify: The section is dedicated not only to forests, but also safety when using small mechanization and utility devices as a whole.

Let's go deep into the study of the requirements.

GOST 24258-88

First of all, the GOST is normalized by the estimated load on the forests, depending on their type and height of the site above the ground level.

All high-altitude works are distinguished by increased complexity, and without special devices in this case, it is uniquely not to do. One of them is the scaffolding. Their price is calculated in rubles / m², and even in relation to the cheapest set (frame) is about 140 - 145. In addition, where to give it then? Rent may be left alone (from 55), if the repair or construction will delay for a long time, which is usually happening in practice.

Plus - some problems with the transportation of forests, as the personal transport for these purposes is not suitable. In the field of low-rise buildings (for the private sector), the optimal solution is to make them with their own hands.

There are opinions that forests made of metal and wood better (and cheaper) to rent than to collect on their own. The main argument - the purchase of pipes will cost more. And such judgments are supported by economic calculations. Apparently, the authors of such comments live in urban apartments and have a rather vague idea of \u200b\u200bwhat it is - maintaining their homes in the proper condition (and the facade, and the premises, the height of which, as a rule, exceeds typical). But the owner of this has to do regularly.

Moreover, the combination of materials such as metal (skeleton) and boards (flooring on each of the levels) is considered optimal. One of the advantages of wooden forests is (the second - low ultimate cost) that the design after the end of construction (repair) is easily understood, and the material is used for other business purposes. But there is a substantial minus - a limitation in carrying capacity.

That is, on a similar adaptation, only such works as the design of the facade can be carried out (coloring, siding decoration), processing of ceilings, plaster and a number of different. When the same brickwork or simultaneous stay at a height of several people, wooden forests are unsuitable. But the assembly of pipes and boards is universal to use.

The only complexity is in the right choice of the embodiment of the forests of the construction and method of fastening all structural elements. The cost of making such multi-level frames is justified only if they can be disassembled and stored in a barn (on the territory or yet where) until the next application. But to spend money on an indiscriminate model, welded, irrational, and hardly anyone will do this. It is impossible not to take into account such factors as the complexity of manufacturing, the strength of the structure and its stability.

Brief description of the types of scaffolding

Clamps. Plus - the ability to change the geometry of the skeleton on any of the axes. Minus - the complexity of the installation / dismantling of the structure. In addition, if necessary, to increase the carrying capacity will have to buy fastening elements. One wire alone, the more rope, in this case can not do.

Wedge. They differ from all similar in the use of models of increased reliability and durability. But the cost of production is immeasurably more (first of all, on holders). For the private sector - not the best option.

Pitry. Plus - a small weight with the ability to withstand a significant load; Easy assembly (albeit relative). Minus - high cost; Increased pressure on the soil. To ensure sustainability, it is necessary to adopt a number of additional measures. In the private sector, such forests are usually not used. The main reason is the complexity of manufacture. Here you need accurate calculations and welding machine.

Frame. Plus - the weight of the design is small, but with a competent drawing up drawing and assembly, such forests are able to "carry" the load up to 200 kg / m². The limitation of 50 m in height for the private structure has no importance. It is this model in the field of individual building is considered the best.

What do you need

The exact linear values \u200b\u200bof the structural elements denote meaninglessly - they simply cannot be. The size of the scaffolding is selected based on the specifics of the work carried out, the presence of space for their installation, the number of simultaneously located at the height of the masters and for a number of other parameters.

All numerical values \u200b\u200bin mm.

By material:

Duralumin. It is cheaper than steel, but such forests are suitable only for low designs used for finishing works. When erecting masonry, they do not fit due to a small bearing ability.
Steel. Such scaffolding for the private sector are universal in use. Explanation is quite understandable - high strength and reliability of the frame.

By section:

Vertical racks. Pipe profile 30 x 30.
Runs (diagonal, horizontal). Round pipe at 15.
Inserts (support for fencing and flooring). Profile 25 x 25.

To ensure sufficient strength of scaffolding - not lower than the "Socketonists".

Length - from 1600 to 2000.
Width - within 1000.
Height - 1550.

Those home masters, which are not suitable for examples for some reason, can take the following drawings as a basis.

Fasteners

Bolts + nuts + washers + grovers - for fastening metal elements.
Self-tapping screws (for metal) - for fixing boards at the place of installation.

The main stages of manufacture

Preparation of parts. First cut pipes. Even if the drawing is compiled, you do not need to hurry with the boards. After assembling the skeleton of forests, their sizes still have to check. It will save from unnecessary work if the adjustment of pre-prepared elements is required at the place. The ends of round pipes (approximately 80) are flattened, so that the holes can be drilled for fasteners. To facilitate such a "presses" it is worth making axial propyl (metal incision) to the specified length.

Preparation of "horizontals". Before using them in the frame assembly, the inserts from the profile should be accepted to each pipe in the fields designated in the drawing.
Preparation of "verticals". To ensure greater stability of the racks at one end of each, the so-called becoming fifth is welded. Although it can be done and removable - plate + segment of the profile.
Drilling holes in structural elements. Special attention is vertical and horizontal (racks, jumpers). Missets will lead to the appearance of overcasts. Therefore, the item will have to change it unambiguously, and this is the irrational spending of materials.
Standing. The main thing at this stage is to withstand their compliance of the vertical plane. The slightest breakdown will significantly complicate the further assembly of the scaffolding and sharply reduce their carrying ability. Yes, and convenience in their work is unlikely to add. That is why all horizontal ties must be extremely identical (in length).
Strengthening design. For this, the struts are used diagonal. The feature of their mount is in symmetry. If this condition is respected, the entire load on the forest forest will be distributed more evenly throughout the area.
Production of stairs. The practice of using home-made scaffolding shows that portable models are preferable to stationary. For efficient operation (in relation to the private sector), one removable staircase is quite enough. It, slightly size, is easy to remove and install in another place. The material is the same - the pipe.
Forest flooring. The boards are laid in the last place, after final fitting in size. They are attached to the welded inserts by self-drawing.

To ensure the maximum sustainability of scaffolding, it is necessary:

prepare "Shoes", with which the design is aligned at the installation site. With their own hands, they are easy to do from the boards; Preferably several pieces and different thickness. In the future, it will simplify the process of adjusting the position of forests regarding land;
processing the primer on the site where their use is planned. It is leveled (if necessary) and tamper. This ensures that soil shrinkage will not occur during the work (under load) and construction of construction forests.
Most often, only one section is not enough. In this case, more is done - two, three. To connect to a unified assembly, it is necessary to prepare adapters. The same profile (30 x 30) is suitable, which is cut into pieces of 100 and is welded to the racks. P-shaped metal earrings can be used to fix sections. To the fastening is most reliable, it should also take a pipe for them, but slightly smaller cross-section (25 x 25) or diameter.

If you carefully deal with the manufacturing process, it turns out that there is nothing complex in the assembly of the scaffolding. The main thing is the correct calculation and accuracy.

Human growth is less than the height of the house, so it is impossible to complete the walls of the walls or the facade finish without forests. These designs allow you to safely lead work at a height and make it possible to always have a supply of consumables at hand.

The builders have its own terminology used to designate such devices.

The forests they call the facilities are quite extended and high. Madses "goats" are usually referred to as low portable tables on which no more than two people can accommodate.

If you have to lay the walls, insulation, repair, or facade finish, think in advance what forests or scaffolding will be needed for work. We will tell about how to make the scaffolding with their own hands durable and resilient, saving considerable money on leases.

Options for construction scaffolding

Despite the large variety of types of scaffolding, their designs contain the same elements as intended:

Vertical racks (perceive the workload and transmit it to the soil).
Screed diagonal and horizontal (provide spatial rigidity of the frame).
Jumpers (short side elements of forests that fastened).
Flooring (knocked out the boards that serve the workplace for builders).
Stubborn covers (protect forests from tipping).
Railing (protect workers from falling).
Stairs (serve to lift and descend from the workplaces).

Material for the assembly of scaffolding and forests traditionally serves wood or metal. The wooden design is cheaper than steel, but withstands no more than two or three repeated assemblies. After that, it is suitable only on firewood.

Scaffolding from metal is several times more expensive wooden, but do not have restrictions on the number of use cycles. They are easily dismantled and transferred to a new place. Their design allows you to increase additional tiers in the course of work, increasing the working height.

If your plans include the construction of several residential buildings and housekeepings, it is better to make homemade forests from the profile metal. If high-altitude work will be carried out only once and on one object, it is more profitable to assemble the design of the bars and boards.

Features of the manufacture of wooden and metal forests with their own hands

Before the workpiece of parts for the assembly, a schematic drawing should be made and put on it the main design sizes.

It is not necessary to fantasize here, because the optimal dimensions of forests have already been identified by construction practice:

maximum design height - 6 meters;
the distance between the racks from 2.0 to 2.5 meters;
width of the workstation - 1 meter.

Ergonomics found that the maximum performance is achieved in the case when the builder's hands during operation are 30-40 cm below the chest level. Therefore, jumpers for installing the first flooring must be placed at an altitude of 40-50 cm from the ground level. It will relieve you from the need to narrow low building scaffolding.

Fastening under the flooring of the second level is better to provide at a height of 180-200 cm. The third flooring is placed at the level of 360-400 cm.

If you decide to make a design from the boards, then buy the next set of sawn timber and fasteners in advance:

For cutting racks and stubborn decays - a timber with a cross section of 10x10 cm or a boards of a width of at least 10 cm and a thickness of 5 cm.
The struts, screeds and railing can be made of tringed cutting board.
For flooring and jumpers on which it will lie, boards will be required 4-5 cm thick.

Choosing between nails and self-drawing, it should be remembered that it is harder to remove nails when disassembling forests. Self-tapping screws, on the contrary, quickly unscrewed from wood by screwdriver. However, they are worse than nails working on a break, since they are made of fragile colena steel. Therefore, for the manufacture of small forests, you can recommend the use of nails, and for extended and high designs - screws.

Scaffolding from boards are assembled in this order:

on the flat platform parallel to each other there are 4 racks from a bar or board, cropped "in size" in the height of forests;
racks are binding to horizontal jumpers on which the work flooring will be laid;
the two "Lanenka" frames obtained are vertically one against the other and connect them with diagonal and horizontal screeds;
on horizontal jumpers put flooring from the boards and fasten it;
forests are fixed on two sidelocks-stops;
the races nourish the railing, stick and fix the staircase for lifting.

If there is a need to install two or more sections of wooden forests, then each other can be associated with wide sections of the boards, having stuck them to adjacent racks. In order for nails not split short boards, drill holes in them before the drip.

Scaffolding from the profile pipe In its design, similar to wood. The difference between them lies in the use of adapters. They are used to build the "Floors" of the metal structure.

A set of blanks for assembling one section includes the following items:

Profile pipe 30x30 or 40x40 mm for racks and jumpers (4 segments of 1.5 m and 4 segments 1 meter).
A thin-walled round tube with a diameter of 20 mm (4 segments of 2 meters for diagonal screeds).
The profile pipe is 25x25 mm or 35x35 mm (8 segments of 10 cm for the manufacture of adapters and sweesters). For the manufacture of railings, you can take the same pipe - 1 segment of 2 meters long.
Steel plates 10x10 cm thick 2-3 mm (4 pieces) for spyers;
10 bolts with nuts and washers for connecting diagonal screeds between themselves and fastening them to frame racks.

Assembling a single-level section of metal forests consists of several operations:

to the assembly shield (OSB sheet), clamps are hardly fixed forest racks (high accuracy when working with metal - a very important factor);
horizontal jumpers are welded to the racks;
in the upper ends of the racks by 5 cm, adapters from trimming pipes and fix them with welding;
after removing the racks with jumpers from the assembly shield, they are turned over 90 degrees and in this position they are again fixed to the shield shield;
the ends and the middle of thin-walled pipes intended for diagonal stretch marks are flattened with a hammer and drill in them holes under the bolts;
tightening the bolt two diagonal ties in the middle, they are applied on the racks and place places for drilling holes;
screeds fixed to racks bolts and tighten with nuts;
on racks and railings drilled holes for bolted connections;
plates (grooves) are welded to pipe segments;
the assembled design is vertically and injected into the lower ends of the pies;
on the side jumpers are laid down from the Socketon Board.

Useful advice: To exclude a longitudinal displacement, filaded to its lower part at the point of contact with jumpers, you need to fasten the steel corners of 30x30 mm.

Diagonal ties need to be attached to one sidewall forests, and horizontal to another, so that when assembling they do not interfere with each other.

If the installation of scaffolding is performed with an increase in the third tier section (4.5 meters), then in its racks it is necessary to make holes for fastening the profile pipe of the stubborn hide, which protects the design from the fall.

In the lower and upper part of the racks of each section, it is necessary to drill holes for bolted connections with other sections (when building scaffolding in length).

Any building of the house or facade work does not cost without the use of scaffolding. As a rule, forests make wooden or metal. Lighter in production, of course, forests from a tree. For the durability of the structure and strengthening its strength is chosen metal.

It all depends on the task and the required wear resistance of specific forests. The greater the work area, the more attention is worth paying the strength. For the construction of private houses or receiving structures create forests 2.5 meters high and a width of 1 m. Above 6 meters, the construction is better not to build, because an increase in the height of the structure reduces its stability.

Standard construction involves the use of the following components:

Boards for flooring and jumpers 10 cm wide. And 5 cm thick for racks and stops of 10x10 cm. Nulls or self-tapping screws (for small structures).

Between the legs make spacers to give the strength of the structure. Stands with flooring and jumpers. To move between the levels of forests (up-down), they make steps from the bars, fixed on the racks, or use an appropriate staircase.

Metal structures are mounted from steel or aluminum pipes. This requires such materials:

Pipes for struts with a diameter of 15 mm. Aprofyl pipe for racks with a diameter of 30 mm. Compositional adapters are made of pipe with a diameter of 25 mm. Auditable tools for connecting all components: drill, welding machine, etc.

Pipes 15 mm. Cut 2 meters, and their ends are flattened.

Of 30 mm. The pipes make segments of 0.75 m. (the length of one jumper) and 1.5 m.

The design components are sealed with each other with welding or bolts. The jumpers are fixed crosswise from both sides. When one section is ready, you can build up the following.

Safety during construction work should be above all, so do not attempt to collect and disassemble the building forest more than two or three times. From reusable assemblies, they lose strength.

Before starting work, always check the strength of the assembly.

The need for scaffolding arose along with the need for building or finishing buildings with a height of more than two floors.

The first such structures were made of wood, due to which the name of the scaffolding was obtained. They are built around the building, which must be repaired and there are different species. Consider the most common types of scaffolding.

Wooden scaffolding

The tree has long been widely used in construction, and it is possible to build scaffolding for finishing and repair work under low height. Usually this type of forest is used for private houses or low buildings. Since this type of scaffolding is the easiest and easiest performed, we give the technology of their manufacture.

For the construction of wooden scaffolding, there will be 150x50 mm floors of a length of half meter, segments of thin boards 25x100 mm, two long-fifty-fifth boards for supports and long boards of the required length for horizontal flooring.

First, the triangular supports for the frames are pinned out of the trimming of fifty-way, and then they are trimmed with thinner boards. The dimensions of the triangles-supports are worth choosing, based on the following factors: the support should not be separated from the wall under the weight of the builder and its own weight, and there must also be enough space for the standing worker on the platform. In this regard, the length of the frames is usually chosen by 400-500 mm, and the feet of the worker should not be saved beyond the limits of the floor.

The backups are attached to the supports under sharp corners.

At the same time, the upper end of the backup is trimmed so as to insert it inside the triangle supports, and the lower part is pointed to consolidate in the ground. After that, the forests are withdrawn to the desired position and the vertical part of the triangular supports are attached to the nails wall, without cloging them along the hats, because later, after the end of the work, they will need to be removed. Then put the staircase and begin to navigate to the supports of the board for the flooring, in this case the nails are driven up to the stop.

Before starting construction work, you should be convinced of the stability of the design, and in general, building wooden forests should not be made above seven meters.

Metal scaffolding

They produce them from aluminum or steel pipes, and distinguish two versions of such structures: modular and frame. Modular types include suspended, wedge, clamp and modular (system) scaffolding. Among the frame forests distinguish pin, flag and tower tones.

All metal forests require an anchor attachment to the walls of the building, and without such an attachment, the height of the forests should not be more than four meters, and then provided that the base under the forests will be perfectly horizontal and tamped.

Consider the main types of metal scaffolding.

Flag (frame) scaffolding

Such structures have a load of up to 200 kg / sq.

meter. They consist of side frames, racks for horizontal and diagonal mounting sidewalls among themselves and shoes for support for the ground. The dimensions of such forests may differ depending on the manufacturer, but at the same time the construction scheme is the same.

Such scaffolding are simple in assembly and inexpensive, so they are very common. Frame ramp fasteners are inserted into specially intended holes and fixed by turning. In the vertical plane, the parts are connected by introducing a frame in the groove below the element located.

Tower-tour

These forests are withstanding the load of 200 kg / sq.

meter. Such structures are often used to repair and finishing certain sections of buildings facades. Since building scaffolding around the entire building is quite consistent, and collectively collect them takes a lot of time, use the tongue tower.

It is the design of their finished frames with a staircase, to the base of it the wheels are occasionally. If the frames with a height of over 4 meters are used, additional struts are fixed to the frame of the first tier, and if the tier tiers are displayed on 2/3 of the maximum height, it is fixed to the wall of the building by brackets or anchors. Such tower tours can be height from 4 to 21 meters and differ by the number of tiers.

Pitry scaffolding

Used with a maximum load of 200 kg / kV.

meter. Horizontal elements of their design are mounted with pins, which insert into hollow tubes-eyepets on vertical racks. Each forest level is assembled in gradually, and the lower ends of the poles are inserted into the shoes.

For greater rigidity, diagonal discolutions are used. They can be mounted on a height of up to 40 meters, and most often they are used for masonry. Such scaffolding is made of steel tubes with a large wall thickness, and therefore they are capable of experiencing heavy loads.

Wedge scaffolding

Such structures with a regulatory load of 200-300 kg / kV.

the meter has a more complex design than the above options. Their elements are fixed with steel wedges scored with a hammer. This increases forest strength, because they are used at large loads.

The special form of the wedge prevents the collapse. Also used flange locks of racks with 8 holes. These scaffolding are used at an altitude of up to 40 meters for high-rise construction and finishing works.

Clamp scaffolding

They have a regulatory load of 200-250 kg / kV. meter.

All elements are connected on the clamps (swivel or deaf), which are breeding and racks with the subsequent fixing with threaded bolts. The disadvantages include the complexity of the assembly, but at the same time such forests can be mounted to a height of up to 80 meters. Also, clamping forests can be used for work with complex architectural elements - for example, arches and domes.

Which type of scaffolding to choose - depends, first of all, on the purpose of their use. Thus, pin or clamps are used for work at high altitude, and frame forests are used for construction and finishing works.

Assess the method of manufacture:

The builders have its own terminology used to designate such devices.

The forests they call the facilities are quite extended and high. Madses "goats" are usually referred to as low portable tables on which no more than two people can accommodate.

Options for construction scaffolding

Despite the large variety of types of scaffolding, their designs contain the same elements as intended:

Vertical racks (perceive the workload and transmit it to the soil). Footage diagonal and horizontal (provide spatial rigidity of the frame). Forwards (short side elements of forests, to which flooring) .nastil (knocked out the boards, employees working by the construction site for builders) Overhead covers (protect forests from overturning). Reader (protect workers from falling). Summer (serve to lift and descend from work sites).

The material for the assembly of scaffolding and forests traditionally serves wood or metal. The wooden design is cheaper than steel, but withstands no more than two or three repeated assemblies. After that, it is suitable only on firewood.

Scaffolding from metal is several times more expensive wooden, but do not have restrictions on the number of use cycles. They are easily dismantled and transferred to a new place. Their design allows you to increase additional tiers in the course of work, increasing the working height.

If your plans include the construction of several residential buildings and housekeepings, it is better to make homemade forests from the profile metal. If high-altitude work will be carried out only once and on one object, it is more profitable to assemble the design of the bars and boards.

Features of the manufacture of wooden and metal forests with their own hands

Before the workpiece of parts for the assembly, a schematic drawing should be made and put on it the main design sizes.

It is not necessary to fantasize here, because the optimal dimensions of forests have already been identified by construction practice:

the maximum design height is 6 meters; the distance between the racks from 2.0 to 2.5 meters; the width of the workstation is 1 meter.

Fastening under the flooring of the second level is better to provide at a height of 180-200 cm. The third flooring is placed at the level of 360-400 cm.

If you decide to make a design from the boards, then buy the next set of sawn timber and fasteners in advance:

For cutting racks and stubborn dilations - a timing of 10x10 cm or a boards with a width of at least 10 cm and a thickness of 5 cm. Explorations, screeds and railing can be made from the edged board "Thirtsters". For the flooring and jumpers on which it will be required, boards will be required. 4-5 cm thick.

Choosing between nails and self-drawing, it should be remembered that it is harder to remove nails when disassembling forests.

Self-tapping screws, on the contrary, quickly unscrewed from wood by screwdriver. However, they are worse than nails working on a break, since they are made of fragile colena steel. Therefore, for the manufacture of small forests, you can recommend the use of nails, and for extended and high designs - screws.

Scaffolding from boards are assembled in this order:

on the flat platform parallel to each other lay 4 racks from a bar or a board, cropped "in size" in the height of the forests; the racks are associated with horizontal jumpers, on which the work flooring will be laid; the two "Lanenka" frames put vertically alone against another and connect them vertonal and horizontal screeds; horizontal jumpers put flooring from the boards and fasten it; the forests are fixed on two sidelocks-stops; on the racks are nourished the railing, stick and fix the staircase for lifting.

If there is a need to install two or more sections of wooden forests, then each other can be associated with wide sections of the boards, having stuck them to adjacent racks. In order for the nails not split short boards, drill holes in them before the drill. The construction of the profile pipes are similar to wood.

The difference between them lies in the use of adapters. They are used to build "Floors" of a metal structure. The design of the blanks for assembling the same section includes the following elements: profile pipe 30x30 or 40x40 mm for racks and jumpers (4 sections of 1.5 m and 4 segments 1 meter). Sounded round tube diameter 20 mm (4 segments of 2 meters for diagonal screeds). Profile pipe 25x25 mm or 35x35 mm (8 segments of 10 cm for the manufacture of adapters and sweesters). For the manufacture of railings, you can take the same pipe - 1 segment of a length of 2 meters. Standing plates 10x10 cm thick 2-3 mm thick (4 pieces) for spyers; 10 bolts with nuts and washers for connecting diagonal screeds between themselves and fastening them to frame racks. The assembly of a single-level section of metal forests consists of several operations: to the assembly shield (sheet OSB), the clamps are rigidly fixed racks of forests (high accuracy when working with metal - a very important factor); horizontal jumpers are welded to the stands; in the top ends of 5 cm from cutting pipes and fixed with their welding; removal of the racks with jumpers from the assembly shield, they are turned over 90 degrees and in this position again fixed to the shoebanks; the ends and the middle of thin-wing pipes intended for diagonal stretch marks are flattened with a hammer and drill holes in them bolts; tightening two diagonal screeds in the middle, they are imposed on the racks and place places for drilling holes; tie and fixed to the racks bolts and tighten into nuts; on the racks and railings the holes are drilled under the bolted connections; the plates are welded to the cuts; the plates are welded; the collected designs are vertically and injected into the lower ends of the spies; on the side jumpers laid down Pour advice: To exclude a longitudinal displacement, it is necessary to fasten the steel corners of 30x30 mm. Diagonal screeds need to be attached to the other sidewalls, and horizontal to another, so that when assembling they do not interfere with each other. If the installation Scaffolding is performed with increasing section of the third tier (4.5 meters), then in its racks it is necessary to make holes for fastening the profile pipe of a stubborn hide, which protects the construction from falling. The lower and upper part of the racks of each section must drill holes for bolted connections with others. sections (when building scaffolding in length) .Video

How to make scaffolding with your own hands - Photo, video. At the construction stage, repair and service / private house sometimes have to work at height. With the help of a conventional gear staircase, it is not always convenient to produce work, and sometimes it is impossible at all.

Exit from such a situation - there will be scaffolding with their own hands.

General

Scaffolding from metal will be more reliable and longer, but often such structures are made of wood, as it is cheaper. Everyone can work with wood, and everything you need is a nail or self-tapping screw, saw, screwdriver, hammer or. As you can see, a set of tools is small and there is in the house of everyone, and if there is no something and there will be no money to buy the right tool.

Metal is more complicated in this regard. For the manufacture of metal scaffolding, it will take a certain skill, and so the welding machine and at least the basic concept of how correctly cooking the seams. It is for this reason that in 85% of cases of forests made from wood.

Materials

It is clear that the stage (scaffolding) is needed for a short time, but the manufacture requires the use of high quality wood and with a minimum amount of bitch. Some builders recommend making forests from wood, since, in contrast to the pine, her bitchs are arranged single and almost do not affect the final strength of the board. But there are almost no spruce boards, but pine more than enough.

Of these, you can also do with scaffolding, but before that it will be necessary to check the material very carefully (at least those boards that go to the flooring and racks). For this you need to fold two columns (3-4 bricks on each other, 2 building blocks, 2 boulders and more).

When checking boards, which in length 3 meters between them should be a distance of 2.5 meters. On the columns lay the board, and after getting up for the middle and jump on it. If the board has weaknesses, it will crack or even break. If you withstood - you can use.

Now about the thickness. Choose the thickness of the forest boards follows from what the design will be, the distance between the racks and the estimated load. The only thing that should be noted is that for flooring and racks most often use boards with a thickness of 4-5 cm, and for streaming boards with a thickness of 2.5-3 cm. Such boards can be used and after dismantling forests in the construction Works, if you do not damage it when disassembly.

Self-tapping screw or nails

Probably, after 100 years there will be disputes that it is better - nails or self-tapping screws, but in this case, everything is exacerbated by the fact that the work will be produced at the height and therefore the design should be reliable. In this case, nails will be the best option. The fact is that they are made of soft metal and when loading, they can bother, but do not break.

Unlike them, self-tapping screws are made of hardened steel, which is fragile and at shock or variable loads, they simply break. It is critical for scaffolding, because there are cases when they broke. But it was about "black" self-drawing. There are also anodized yellow-green-colored, which are not so fragile and can withstand the load.

If you are seriously concerned about reliability, it is better to use nails for the manufacture of scaffolding with their own hands. But they do not like them because of the fact that at the end of the work, disassemble the connection without loss and is not fast, since the wood will be damaged.

With independent work, do this - collect everything on the anodized self-drawing. If the design is properly and convenient, printed, driven by the nail pairs to each connection. In order for the wood to be damaged in the future, it is possible to put the trimming of thin boards under the nails, and entire boards can be used on the extended span, but with a small thickness. When disassembly, you can split them and easily remove nails.

Construction features

For various types of work, it will take different types of layout and scaffolding. For work with small weight materials, it does not need a high bearing capacity. In this case, you can make an appropriate layout or construction in the form of an envelope. For the finishing of the frontones or simply an outer decoration of a single-storey low house, the use of building goats is permissible, and the flooring is laid on their crossbars. If you can not get anything on the walls, you can use goats with floorboards laid on the crossbar.

For laying brick walls or building blocks, facade finishes with stone or bricks will require full-fledged scaffolding. Scaffolding from wood can be done more rigid if the separation and stops are used.

As a rule, such structures are not fixed to the walls, but fix on the stops that will be written the racks. Let's talk about each form separately.

Snapshots of the Power Type

The design got its name due to the fact that they are simply leaning towards, not fixed. They are held at the expense of the stop. The more load these scaffolding, the stronger they will stand. There are two types of structures that are made in the form of the letter "g", but they are deployed in different directions.

In the first drawing, a reliable and simple design of the scope. Their only disadvantage is that they cannot be adjusted in height. It will be convenient to sunmate the sink roof, clean or install drains, in general, all works that do not have a large variation of height. Some were even able to adapt such frames for the construction of the house from the bar. Through the fines of the stops will be convenient to lift or roll logs. They are quite reliable, as they can withstand a log of 11 meters and three people in addition.

In the second figure, Armenian scaffolding or envelope layoffs are depicted. This design is also reliable and simple, although at first glance and you can not say. But still it is tested by thousands of people who used them during construction. It is attractive those that require the minimum number of building materials, and can be assembled / disassembly / transportation in a few minutes. The main thing is the manufacture of triangles, and the installation at the desired height does not take a lot of time - to raise triangles, pour the beam, which after you want to fix in the ground.

To make triangles, use a board with a thickness of 4-5 cm and 10-15 cm wide. The vertical part may be long to make it convenient to raise the frame to the required height. The crossbar from above should be long from 0.8 to 1 meter, and the flooring boards will be laid. They will also be in a thickness of 5 cm, and in width - the more, the better, it is desirable 15 cm.

In the manufacture of corners, place the joint so that the horizontal board is on top. To enhance reliability, use metal overlays in the form of a corner. But if you set the corner with the help of three nailed on both sides, this is not necessary. The installation of triangles is made for each meter. If it turns out, they are nourished to, and if not, all hope for gravity. The main burden in such a design goes to a stop board, which is set at an angle and it rests on with one end to the ground, and the other in the upper part of the triangle.

The stops must be made of a timber or boards with a thickness of at least 5 cm, the pipes are not less than 7.6 cm in diameter or section (for profiled pipes at least 5 * 4 cm). During the installation of the stop, it should be put exactly in the angle, score to the ground, additionally fix and drive wedges. To exclude the risk of lateral shift, the installed stops should be fixed by several bodies that will connect everything into a rigid and strong design. You can use the unedged board to forcein if it is, the main thing is that the width and thickness parameters are not less than the minimum limit.

If you need to grow stubborn boards (so that there are more than 6 meters in length), additional emphasis should be made. It will rest in the middle of the base and thereby take part of the load. Now about the flooring of scaffolding with their own hands. It must be done from a wide board with a thickness of 4-5 cm. In this case, it is required to fix them to triangles at least on the screws. This design does not provide for the installation of the railing, and the slightest fluctuations under their feet will cause discomfort, so it is extremely desirable to take care of fixation.

Drawings and photos

The described options are good, if the use of heavy materials is not supposed. It is not always possible to be able to open the design on the wall, and then the full forests will be needed. In general, the design is not complicated, but also requires enough wood.

For arrangement, boards with a thickness of 4-5 cm will be required and first start collecting racks. These will be two thick boards or vertical bars, which are fastened by crossings. In terms of size, it should be from 0.8 to 1 meter. Do them proceed from the fact that a less convenient width of the floor starts from 0.65 meters. But still you will feel more confidently to feel 0.8 meters in the width. In order to give the design stability on the sides, you can make racks that will be touched upward.

So that the forests do not fall on the wall, they should be accepted with the release of 25 cm. They will not give the designs to fall. The racks are set at a distance of 150-250 cm from each other. The span depends on which thickness of the boards that you will use for the manufacture of flooring so that they do not get rid. The installed racks at the desired distance should be made by shakes with each other. So they will not give the designs to work out the side. The more you do pride and crossing, the more reliable there will be a design.

Also that the scaffolding made with their own hands did not fall, they should be written by a bar or boards, and one end must be nailed to the racks with nails, and the second is swapped into the ground. Cross beams will not give the designs to work out the side, but there is a possibility that without fastening the forest will fall forward. In order to avoid this beam, you should sign in binding.

If the height of the scaffolding is 3 meters, you can not sign, but if the work will be carried out at the second or even third floor level, such fixation is necessary. You should also make a railing if the work will be carried out at high altitude. To do this, it is permissible to use not very thick boards, but the main condition - there should be no cracks and bitch. The handrails will give confidence in construction.

The level of overlapping the second floor is enough standard 6 meters. But such forests are inconvenient because they have to disassemble completely, if there is a need to move the design to another. You can assemble forests from strong old boards. Sometimes for the manufacture of stops and splitting, pipes or stiffs are used - everything that is found in the farm.

Building goats

There is another simple way to make mobile light construction forests with your own hands - make the same goats that are stuffed with a certain step of crossbar, which will be a staircase and a layer for the flooring. On the crossbar should be laid down the flooring board. This option is good because it is ideal for the skin of the house. The covering will take place and up and takes all the time to change the height, and leaning off or attaching the design to the wall is not possible. For this reason, the optimal option will be the construction goats.

Sometimes they make one rack on one side vertical and without inclination. It will give the opportunity to establish them closer to the wall, and then the flooring will be convenient for work. This is an excellent option in painting, pantry and preventive processing.

Varieties and nodes of metal forests

When erecting a stone house, or the building from building blocks will be more suitable metal construction forests with their own hands. They will be able to withstand any burden. Their popularity is less than the wooden structures, as more expensive. The second decisive moment is the analysis of building wooden forests, as the boards after you can put into the case, and the metal parts will be dust in the barn.

But both forests from metal have a lot of advantages. In disassembled form, they will not take a lot of space. From time to time, the owners of private houses are still needed - to care for the logberia, for example, and therefore, once every 2-3 years they will necessarily need. In this regard, the metal design will be more practical wooden, as it is easier to assemble and stronger.

All scaffolding from the metal has the same form of vertical layers, which are connected by hide and crossbars.

Only the method of fastening between them will differ:

You can only choose one of the species, and decide on the type of work you are going to spend. In the manufacture of metal scaffolding, with their own hands, the pins are most often used. They are easier to implement, but neither well only for a rectangular form, and to bypass complex forms will have to additionally do the pipes.