Causes of low platelets and methods of increasing them. The reasons why the low level of platelets in the blood Consequences of thrombocytopenia: methods of their elimination

Platelets are small cells that are part of the blood, represented by plates ranging in size from 2 to 4 microns, which do not have color and nuclei. The cells are produced in the red bone marrow, from where they enter the circulatory system.

The main role of platelets is to regulate the process of blood clotting and maintain it in a liquid state. Also, cells "react" to bleeding developed in the human body and eliminate them, forming a blood clot.

A normal platelet count is an important condition for maintaining human health. Any deviations (increased or decreased) can lead to serious complications and cause colossal harm to the body.

Norm

The norm in children

The norm in men and women

The norm in pregnant women

trimester of pregnancy	norm (x10 9 / l)

I trimester	150-340
II trimester	150-330
III trimester	140-320

Decreased level and its causes

A condition in which the level of platelet concentration is less than 160x10 9 / l of blood (in an adult) is called thrombocytopenia.

What does low platelet count mean?

Pathology is classified according to its severity and is distinguished:

I degree(moderately low content), in which the level of cells in the blood varies in the range of 50-160x10 9 / l, and hemostasis is characterized as satisfactory;
II degree(platelets are sharply lowered) - a decrease in platelets to a level of 20-50x10 9 / l, which is characterized by the occurrence of hemorrhages under the skin and prolonged bleeding during wounds;
III degree(severe thrombocytopenia) is a condition in which the concentration of platelets in the blood is below 20x10 9 / L. A pronounced decrease in platelets in a patient is accompanied by the development of spontaneous bleeding, both external and internal.

Severe thrombocytopenia is a reason for emergency hospitalization of the patient.

Thrombocytopenia is also classified according to the following forms:

Immune- the most common form of pathology that develops several weeks after an infectious disease or while taking certain groups of drugs, including after vaccination;
Heteroimmune- platelets are lowered due to a violation of the antigenic structure of cells by pathogenic microorganisms, toxins, chemicals;
Isoimmune- platelets are lowered, mainly in children, due to the transfer of cells from the fetus to the mother (identical to the incompatibility of the Rh factor), as well as as a result of donor blood transfusion;
Autoimmune- pathology, which consists in dysfunction of the immune mechanism, in which the production of antibodies to platelets begins.

Reasons for a decrease in platelet levels

How low platelets are and what this means, only a doctor can determine!

There are 3 main reasons for low platelets:

Dysfunction of the red bone marrow (red bone marrow does not produce the required number of platelets);
Active production of antibodies that destroy platelets;
Dysfunction and changes in the spleen.

Moderately lowered platelets are caused by:

Alcohol abuse, chronic alcoholism... Alcohol inhibits the work of the red bone marrow, leading to a lack of folic acid in the body, which is necessary for hematopoiesis. With alcoholism, platelets in the blood are lowered to 80x10 9 / l, as evidenced by the cyanosis of the body;
Pregnancy. A small number of platelets in pregnant women is observed due to changes in hormonal levels, blood thinning, vitamin deficiency, etc.;
Liver pathology. The liver is an organ that synthesizes certain substances involved in blood clotting. A decrease in their production due to some liver diseases leads to increased bleeding and the consumption of large numbers of platelets;
Use of certain medications... The development of thrombocytopenia of the 1st degree is possible when taking diuretics, antibacterial, antineoplastic drugs, analgin, heparin, nitroglycerin, reserpine and vitamin K;
Disseminated blood coagulation inside the vessels (DIC syndrome). A condition that develops in various kinds of pathologies and is characterized by the rapid coagulation of blood in small vessels with the formation of blood clots in them, which consumes a large number of platelets;
Heart failure. With heart failure, the blood supply to the organs by the heart is disrupted, which leads to stagnation of blood in the spleen. Also, platelet consumption occurs as a result of thrombus formation in the vessels.
Radiation therapy. In the treatment of tumor diseases, radiation is used, which, in addition to destroying cancer cells, can damage the red bone marrow, which leads to inevitable disruptions in the production of platelets and other blood cells;

The reason for the decrease in platelets to the stage of moderate thrombocytopenia may lie in autoimmune diseases.

A low platelet count before severe thrombocytopenia can be caused by:

Acute leukemia. With leukemia, cancer cells are formed in the bone red marrow, which displace physiological hematopoietic tissue, which affects the formation of platelets and erythrocytes;
Hemolytic disease of the child, the development of which is associated with the incompatibility of the maternal blood with the blood of the fetus by group and Rh factor;
Systemic lupus erythematosus;
Severe disseminated intravascular coagulation.

Reduced platelets in the blood to critical levels are characteristic for:

Acute radiation sickness;
Overdose of anticancer drugs;
Severe forms of leukemia.

Symptoms

Symptoms of a condition in which the platelet count in the blood is below normal is often weak. The reduction in platelet counts depends on the specific disease or condition.

However, there are characteristic signs that should be the reason for seeking medical help, such as:

The appearance of ecchymosis (bruising) in the skin for no apparent reason;
Purpura (small spots of blood under the skin);
Prolonged bleeding, even from minor wounds;
Frequent nose and gum bleeding;
The appearance of red spots on the skin (petechiae);
Bleeding in the mouth;
Internal bleeding;
Prolonged, heavy menstruation and intermenstrual bleeding (in women).

Diagnostics

In order to determine the reasons for the lowered platelet count and understand why the low rates in the analysis, it is necessary to carry out a number of diagnostic measures:

Genetic tests;
Analysis for the determination of antibodies;
Ultrasound; radiography;
Endoscopy.

Treatment

A low platelet count is often a symptom of a serious disease, therefore, cases of its detection require the mandatory elimination of the main diseases.
Urgent patient care is needed in cases of bleeding with thrombocytopenia. The main goal of therapy is to prevent extensive blood loss.

A person is shown to inject hemostatic drugs, such as:

Etamsilat;
Vikasol;
Aminocaproic acid;
They also resort to transfusion of platelet mass from a donor.

After the patient's condition stabilizes, the necessary examination and planned treatment are carried out.
In the treatment of low platelet levels in autoimmune diseases, therapy with glucocorticosteroids, such as Cortinef, Methylprednisolone, Dexamethasone, etc., is performed.

If platelets are destroyed by the spleen, then there is a need for organ resection. If platelets are still low after removal of the spleen, chemotherapy is indicated.

To stimulate platelet synthesis, folic acid, vitamin B 12, thrombopoietin Revolide, biostimulants are used.

Sometimes it is possible to lower the concentration of platelets with general therapeutic measures:

Cancellation of medications that could cause a decrease in platelet concentration;
Balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals;
Treatment of infectious diseases;
Quitting the use of tobacco and alcohol;
Healing Fitness;
Taking vitamin preparations.

Complications

Complications of a low platelet count in the blood can be dangerous and even fatal to humans. People with few platelets in their blood may experience bleeding into internal organs, hemorrhages in the eyes with subsequent loss of vision, large blood loss, cerebral hemorrhage, which often end in the death of the patient.

Video - why platelet count falls

Platelets (platelets, PLT cells) are responsible for maintaining the integrity of blood vessels, participate in blood clotting processes, tissue repair. If platelets are lowered to 30 -50 * 10 9 / l, which is significantly less than the norm in adults, then this indicates a significant degree of thrombocytopenia.

A decrease in the number of platelets to 50 - 150 * 10 9 / l indicates a moderate degree of thrombocytopenia. You can read about the degrees of platelet reduction, the rate of PLT cells on a separate page of the site.

Types of thrombocytopenia

A decrease in blood platelets in adults is associated with many diseases. Thrombocytopenia is distinguished depending on the reasons for the decreased levels of PLT cells in the blood test:

consumption - caused by the acceleration of the utilization of platelets, shortening of their life cycle;
- immune thrombocytopenic purpura;
- disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) or DSV syndrome;
- eclampsia, preeclampsia and Hellp syndrome - a condition in adult women characterized by anemia, decreased platelets, increased liver function tests;
- malignant changes - in adults, a decrease in platelet counts cause metastases in the blood vessels of the breast, stomach, lungs;
productive - a decrease occurs as a result of insufficient production of PLT cells under conditions;
- anemia - B12-deficiency, aplastic, folate-deficient;
- paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria - a type of hemolytic anemia;
- viral infection - in adults in rare cases;
- leukemia;
- after chemotherapy, radiotherapy;
- taking estrogens, thiazides, in adults - alcohol.
distribution - the distribution of platelets between the blood and the spleen is disturbed, the spleen is enlarged due to the fact that not 30% is deposited in it, as expected, but up to 90% of all platelets;
dilutions - the volume of blood circulating in the body is increased, for example, with transfusion of plasma or erythrocytes after injury without replacing the platelets.

A decrease in platelets during pregnancy is normal and does not require special treatment, if the analysis indicators do not fall below 70 - 150 * 10 9 / l.

Decreased platelets: impaired formation

Reduced platelets in megaloblastic anemia - a disease caused by a violation of DNA synthesis in the bone marrow, caused by a lack of vitamins B12, B9.

Megaloblastic anemia is characterized by the appearance of large abnormal megaloblasts - cells that give rise to erythrocytes, a decrease in the content, in addition to the PLT population, of erythrocytes and neutrophils.
Large platelets also appear in the blood, but the functions of these cells are not impaired, and subcutaneous hemorrhages, bleeding of the mucous membranes rarely appear.

Megaloblastic anemia is successfully treated in adults within 2 weeks with a properly formulated diet. It is more difficult to cope with the pathology of hematopoiesis if platelets are low in adults due to alcohol abuse.

Ethyl alcohol has a directed effect on megakaryocytes - giant cells from which platelets are detached. In addition to the direct destructive effect on megakaryocytes, ethyl alcohol:

affects the liver, which leads to a decrease in the production of thrombopoietin, a hormone that stimulates the production of platelets;
causes hypersplenism - an increase in the size of the spleen, a violation of its functions, accompanied by an increased rate of destruction of all blood corpuscles;
has a toxic effect on mature platelets.

After stopping alcohol consumption, platelets temporarily rise above normal values for adults, but after 1-2 weeks the number of red platelets in the blood decreases to normal.

Decreased platelets - accelerated destruction

When the bone marrow cannot compensate for the need for platelets, this indicates thrombocytopenia of consumption, and the more the platelets are lowered (in an adult - up to 30-50 * 10 9 / l), the sooner the patient should be prescribed adequate treatment.

The risk of spontaneous bleeding increases at rates of 30 * 10 9 / l. And at rates of 10 - 20 * 10 9 / l, the patient should be provided with emergency medication and platelet transfusion.

Thrombocytopenia caused by the accelerated destruction of the platelet population is characterized by:

the appearance of large platelets;
lack of severe bleeding;
in female adults, autoimmune disorders are often associated diseases;
in adults of both sexes, HIV infection can trigger the accelerated destruction of PLT cells.

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura

Accelerated destruction of platelets can be immune in nature, as in immune thrombocytopenic purpura. The disease occurs as a result of the production of antibodies to the PLT receptor cells. The disorder is 3 times more common in young women under 30 than in men.

Autoantibodies attack on their own platelets causes:

the formation of an immune complex on the platelet membrane;
the formation of a conglomerate of PLT cells and antibodies;
destruction of conglomerates by macrophages in the spleen.

The lifespan of platelets, combined with antibodies, is reduced to several hours, instead of the prescribed 9-11 days of life. In adults, provocateurs of a decrease in platelets with the development of immune thrombocytopenia can be:

treatment with heparin, barbiturates, drugs of arsenic, mercury, gold, taking estrogens, quinine, digoxin, rifampicin, sulfonamides;
X-rays, sun tanning, surgery.

A decrease in indicators to 50 * 10 9 / l can develop during treatment with heparin. But in some cases (2-3%), heparin treatment can lead to a significant decrease in PLT cells.

With a decrease in the number of platelets below 20 * 10 9 / l, severe thrombocytopenia in the blood develops, and this condition poses a threat to life, as the risk of internal bleeding increases.

Treatment with heparin can provoke blood clots in the veins and arteries. A blood clot occurs as a result of the interaction of heparin, specific antibodies and platelet receptors. As a result:

platelet aggregates are formed, some of which;
- clogs the lumen of blood vessels;
- due to its large size, it is destroyed in the spleen by macrophages;
the platelet concentration drops sharply.

Thrombocytopenia with disseminated intravascular coagulation

The reserves of platelets are sharply reduced in the case of disseminated intravascular coagulation. The disease is characterized by blood clotting inside the blood vessels. In this case, the smallest blood vessels are thrombosed (clogged) by the formed blood clots.

With slowly developing disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome, venous thrombosis, dysfunction of the heart valve, and sudden bleeding are possible. The severity of thrombocytopenia in this form of pathology can increase over several months.

With rapidly progressive disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) syndrome, severe thrombocytopenia develops within a few hours, requiring immediate medical attention. The disease is accompanied by a sharp violation of the blood coagulation system and bleeding.

DIC syndrome can occur:

as a result of ischemia (lack of oxygen) of tissues;
with pathological childbirth;
in the case of bacterial infections, especially those caused by gram-negative microflora - Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Neuserria.

Signs of thrombocytopenia

The blood coagulation system was created by nature with a large margin of safety, and the body is able to independently compensate for sufficiently large decreases in indicators that greatly deviate from the norm. Severe clinical symptoms of a decrease in platelets appear when the number of this cell population decreases to 50 * 10 9 / l and less.

Bleeding is one of the leading clinical signs of low PLT cells, manifested primarily by bleeding:

nasal;
gastric, intestinal;
intradermal;
mucous membrane of the gums;
after tooth extraction;
profuse menstruation in women;
the appearance of petechiae - small subcutaneous nodular hemorrhages;
prolonged bleeding of cuts, abrasions;
blood in the urine;
the appearance of bruises with slight compression of the tissues.

Treatment options for thrombocytopenia depend on the underlying causes of this decline in the PLT population. The patient is prescribed by the doctor courses of treatment with corticosteroids, immunoglobulins, or they resort to partial removal of the spleen, bone marrow transplantation.

With a slight decrease in platelets to 50 -150 * 10 9 / l, drug treatment is not required. To increase the number of platelets, special attention is paid to proper nutrition and lifestyle. Learn how to increase your platelet count here.

Blood is the internal environment of the body. As long as all the cellular elements of the blood are within the normal range, no pathological changes occur. However, when their number falls below the permissible values, this negatively affects the functioning of the body... So, for example, this happens in the case of a decrease in platelets.

Platelets are red blood cells, the main task of which is to provide normal blood clotting... When the number of platelets in the blood drops significantly, the cells lose their ability to perform their function properly. This pathological condition is called thrombocytopenia. His symptoms: an increase in the time required to stop bleeding, regular discharge of blood from the mucous membranes of the nose and mouth, the appearance of bruises of unknown origin on the body.

Low platelet counts can be congenital. In this case, they speak of a rare ailment called hemophilia. If in the case of an insignificant decrease in platelets in the blood, there is no talk of harm to health, then hemophilia is fraught with a serious danger. Any bleeding can be fatal.

During the day, the level of platelets in the blood may fluctuate insignificantly, deviating from the norm by 5-10 percent. In this case, there is no question of any violations. In addition, a slight drop in platelets is considered normal during menstruation and gestation. These symptoms are temporary and do not require any treatment.

The reasons

A decrease in platelets can be promoted by various diseases and pathological conditions... These include:

blood diseases: leukemia, anemia, etc .;
the use of certain drugs: antibiotics, diuretics, analgesics, cytostatics, antihistamines and psychotropic drugs;
alcohol intoxication;
hereditary diseases caused by a decrease in platelet production;
period of menstruation, carrying a child;
diseases of infectious origin;
exposure to heavy metals;
increased consumption of platelets;
bone marrow damage.

Thus, a low level of platelets in the blood can be an independent disease or a symptom indicating the presence of serious disorders in the body. To correctly diagnose and determine the cause of thrombocytopenia, it is necessary to carefully examine the patient. Competent diagnostics will allow you to choose the right course of treatment and eliminate all possible health problems.

How to raise

When your platelet count drops, you need to assess your condition. In certain cases, the platelet count drops to a critical level, which requires immediate treatment - on an outpatient or inpatient basis. However, most often the violation is so insignificant that it can be dealt with at home.

To raise your platelet count on your own, use following recommendations:

Make the right diet... Include greens, citrus fruits, kiwis, tomatoes and berries in it. Eliminate undiluted coffee, alcohol, excessively fatty and high-calorie foods, refined sugar.
Include foods rich in omega-3 acids in your diet... These products include: fatty fish, eggs, flaxseed oil. Fish oil capsules can be a worthy alternative.
Follow a daily routine... Try to get up and go to bed on time, sleep at least 8 hours a day. Do not forget about the vacation, which gives the body the opportunity to "reboot".
Drink liquid at room temperature. Drinking cold drinks disrupts the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, contributes to the worst absorption of nutrients.
Enrich your diet with minerals and vitamins... You can get them from healthy food or from special vitamin and mineral complexes.
Go in for sports... In physical activity, the emphasis should not be on power loads, but on "cardio". Cardio load acts on the body in the most positive way: it normalizes blood circulation and strengthens the immune system.

The child has

A low blood platelet level in a child may be a sign serious pathologies... Therefore, when the first symptoms of thrombocytopenia are found in the baby, it is necessary to show the pediatrician as soon as possible.

The following symptoms may indicate the presence of thrombocytopenia in a child: vomiting interspersed with blood, black feces, bruises, pink or red urine, subcutaneous hemorrhages, bleeding disorders, retinal hemorrhages, headaches, rash.

Treatment of pathology depends on what caused it. If the low platelet count is a consequence of another disease, then drugs are used to combat the underlying cause of thrombocytopenia.

In the initial stages of the disease, it is possible home treatment, without placing the child in a hospital. In this case, it is necessary to provide the baby with bed rest and make up the correct diet for him. Food should be rich in iron and hemoglobin, vitamins, not thermally processed fruits and vegetables.

In some cases, treatment is supplemented by the administration of immunoglobulins, the use of hormonal agents, and blood transfusion from a donor. In severe cases, when conservative methods of treatment do not work, an operation is performed to remove the spleen.

In an adult

Platelet rate for the male half of the population - from 180 to 320 * 10 ^ 9 units / l. For women, the norm ranges from 150-380 * 10 ^ 9 units / l... In the case of a slight decrease in platelets (up to 10 percent), no action can be taken to increase their level. However, if symptoms of thrombocytopenia are observed, an urgent need to visit a doctor for diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

If during the diagnosis it turns out that thrombocytopenia is an independent disease, the following methods are used for its treatment: transfusion of donor mass of platelets, treatment with glucocorticosteroids, anti-rhesus D-serum, injections of immunoglobulin into a vein.

If a pregnant woman needs treatment, similar methods are used to increase platelet counts. The only thing is that hormone therapy and blood transfusion are used in the most severe cases. The entire course of treatment takes place under the close supervision of the attending physician.

Early stages of thrombocytopenia successfully treatable... The main thing is to notice the symptoms of the disease in time and turn to specialists for help.

In most cases, in order to find out the cause of a particular disease, people resort to passing a huge number of tests, and even more often this reason lies in the low level of platelets. So what does a low blood platelet count say? This condition is called thrombocytopenia and is associated with severe bleeding problems and general bleeding. How to avoid this and what methods to fight, further in the article.

If platelets in the blood are low, what does this mean

If the average platelet count is low in an adult, this means that there is a risk of developing diseases of the circulatory system. An analysis to determine the level of platelets is performed by two main methods - by taking capillary or venous blood. The platelet count in adults is within the following limits:
Deviations from the norm of the presence of platelets in the blood of an adult can only be determined by laboratory means through a blood test. If during the examination it turned out that the average level is significantly lowered, you need to find out the possible reasons that caused this condition. These may include the following:

congenital pathologies;
infectious diseases;
various bone marrow lesions;
in women, pregnancy and menstrual cycle;
leukemia, anemia;
heredity;
alcohol abuse;
bleeding, disseminated intravascular coagulation, hypersplenism, hemodialysis, purpura;
misuse of certain medicines and vitamins;
surgical intervention;
the influence of negative elements on the body, in particular metal salts (working conditions).

For women, this problem raises the greatest number of questions, since it is they who in most cases suffer from it. This is because women are most susceptible to frequent bleeding (pregnancy, menstrual cycle). This means that they may be at risk, as low platelet counts are prone to blood diseases.

Reading information: The norm of potassium in the blood in women after 60 years

In a number of such cases, low platelets can cause serious consequences for the whole body of a woman, which, with general neglect, is quite difficult and in most cases almost impossible to correct, in particular:

huge blood loss after severe injuries;
internal bleeding;
hemorrhage in the retina - until complete loss of vision;
hemorrhage in the brain, which can be fatal.

Therefore, you need to quickly enough to take all the necessary measures to normalize this level. This can be done independently, without medical intervention, by resorting to procedures that strengthen the immune system, namely:

hardening;
moderate physical activity;
proper nutrition;
healthy lifestyle.

The last point must be treated with the greatest attention and completely exclude the use of alcoholic beverages, products containing alcohol, and completely quit smoking. Only if these conditions are met, positive results can be expected, otherwise the platelet level will drop even more - and then there will be a real risk of stroke.

How to raise and lower the level

There are many ways to increase the number of platelets at a low level, but still the main one is to directly eliminate the imbalance of cellular structures in the blood. This can be done in a natural way, without waiting for medical intervention.

More about this:

if possible, eat only healthy food: vegetables, fruits, herbs, berries;
replenish the diet with foods rich in Omega3 acids: tuna, salmon eggs, flaxseed oil;
use vitamins and mineral supplements: juices, fresh juices;
drink water at room temperature;
establish the correct daily routine (eight hours of sleep, rest);
increase cardio load, which effectively normalizes blood circulation and strengthens the immune system.

Reading information: The norm of platelets in the blood in women after 50 years

It is possible to normalize the increased level of platelets in the blood by various means, but the most effective are folk remedies. They are easy to use, available, and after their application, there is always a positive trend in a person who has overtaken this problem.

There are good traditional medicine recipes for lowering platelet levels in the blood.

Nettle juice and infusion (excluding alcohol)

Recipe 1: Mix a teaspoon of plant juice with 50 ml of water or milk. Take a few minutes before each meal.

The second method of preparation: pour 10 g of dry nettle leaves with a glass of boiling water. Boil everything over low heat for 3 minutes. After that, soak in a thermos for half an hour. Consume half a glass before meals.

Sesame oil

Such treatment must be carried out for a sufficiently long time, to drink at least 2 liters of the composition for the entire course. Reception: 1 tablespoon of oil 30 minutes before meals.

Rosehip, nettle and chamomile infusion

Mix 3 parts of rose hips, 2 nettles and 1 chamomile, chop thoroughly. Pour this mixture with a liter of boiling water and leave in a thermos for about an hour. After an hour, strain, add the juice of half a lemon and 1 tbsp. l. flower honey. Reception is carried out in this way: 30 minutes before meals, you need to drink a glass of the mixture, so do it 3 times during the day.

If all of the above was carried out, but for reasons beyond the control of the person, the blood test still revealed a change in the platelet level downward, you need to consult a doctor and determine the exact reason, since this is already an alarming factor, and only an experienced specialist can help here ...

An increase or decrease in the level of platelets in the blood is a rather serious problem that can occur in both an adult and a child, they do not know the age limits and have no gender. That is why a person himself must constantly monitor its normalization, so as not to have negative consequences for his health and to strengthen the general condition of the body in order to avoid such problems, which will give confidence in the future and for many years.

Be healthy!

perekis-i-soda.ru

Low blood platelets: reasons how to increase

Looking at the blood test, you can make a primary judgment about possible diseases and deviations. The platelet count in the test is indicated as PLT.

What the fact that plt platelets are lowered, and how to fix it, will be discussed in this article.

Emergency blockage of an open wound

Platelets are sometimes called the "ambulance" of the blood. This name is due to their ability to quickly stop bleeding.

On the surface of platelets there are special complex compounds, due to which adhesion (adhesion) of cells to each other and to the walls of blood vessels is carried out. In addition, the composition of the platelet surface includes biologically active substances that can participate in the process of blood clotting.

So, after receiving a cut in the human body, the mass of platelets is sent to an open wound, rapid division and multiplication of these cells begins, they stick to each other, forming a dense film that interferes with blood loss.

Nutrition and vasoconstriction

Platelets are involved in nourishing the walls of blood vessels, maintaining the functionality and structure of blood vessels.

Transfer of serotonin, enzymes and other substances in the blood.
Blood recovery
Maintaining immunity
Removal of killed viruses and antigens bodies.

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Normal content

Platelet count (∙ 109) per liter of blood:

In adults: 180-350;
For children under one year old: 100-420;
During pregnancy: 150-380;
During menstruation: 150-380.

During the day, the platelet count can fluctuate up to 10%. That is why it is customary to take tests in the morning on an empty stomach.

A condition in the body in which platelets are below normal is called thrombocytopenia. Thrombocytopenia factors can be conditionally divided into two groups:

Infectious diseases.

These include

Pimples that can appear on the lips, nose, genitals.

ARVI, ARI
Hepatitis of various groups
Mononucleosis

An acute viral disease that is transmitted through a person's saliva, blood and sweat glands.

Violation of the immune state of the body.

With these, cells in the body are mistaken for pathogens and destroyed as hostile (such as lupus).

Oncological diseases
Gaucher disease

With this congenital pathology, organs that affect the normal functionality of platelets can be suppressed.

Blood thinners (such as Aspirin and Heparin) can cause low platelets in your blood.

Inclusion in the diet of foods that thin the blood

Of course, this reason will not significantly affect the decrease in platelets in the blood, but it must also be taken into account when making a diagnosis. Foods that thin the blood include lemon, garlic, cherries, ginger, onions, etc.

Pregnancy;
Period of menstruation;

At this time, a woman loses a significant amount of blood, this is what causes low platelets.

Avitaminosis;
Alcohol consumption;
Heavy metal intoxication;
Disruption of the spleen or even its removal.

In addition to the fact that with a decrease in platelets in the blood, the viscosity of the blood decreases and it becomes more difficult to stop bleeding from an open wound, the real threat to life is the following: the vessels become more fragile, lose their elasticity and internal bleeding can occur.

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How to increase platelets

First of all, it is necessary to understand that a low number of platelets in the blood is not the disease itself, it is only a symptom that indicates to the patient and the doctor about any abnormality in the body. Therefore, before proceeding to measures to increase platelets in the blood, it is necessary to eliminate the root cause, which can be established only after examination in a medical institution.

We can offer ways to combat low platelets in the blood, which can be followed simultaneously with the main treatment.

Foods that increase blood platelets:

Berries (rose hips, raspberries, currants, etc.)
Vegetables (carrots, bell peppers, potatoes, beets, etc.)
Fruits (oranges, apples, persimmons, etc.)
Fish fat;
Almond;
Parsley, spinach;
Buckwheat.

Try to avoid salty pickled foods, spicy and smoked foods.

We strengthen the immune system

Since many of the reasons for a decrease in platelets are associated with infectious diseases, we need strong immunity to eliminate them as soon as possible. In addition to nutrition, it can be enhanced with drugs: echinacea tincture, a complex of vitamins, antiviral agents, etc.

From the nettle leaves, squeeze the juice in the amount of 1 teaspoon. Add it to a glass of water or milk and drink it before meals.

If it is not possible to pick nettles from the ground, you can use dry plants that are sold at the pharmacy. Pour 10 grams of dry leaves with a glass of boiling water, simmer for about 3 minutes. Cool, filter and use half a glass before meals.

Half an hour before meals, you need to drink a tablespoon of oil. The full course of treatment requires about 2 liters of oil.

Rosehip, chamomile and nettle will increase immunity, add missing trace elements to the body and normalize the low platelet count in the blood.

We mix these plants fresh or dried, pour boiling water over and leave to brew. This drink should be drunk half an hour before meals at least three times a day. To improve the taste and even more recharge with vitamins, add lemon and honey to the broth.

So, if you find a low platelet count in your blood test, it is advisable to be examined and consult a doctor. Finding out the cause of low platelets in time will increase the chances that you will quickly and effectively normalize all processes in the body.

Leave your questions, comments and advice on the subject of the article in the comments, share useful information with friends and family.

Be healthy!

vseproanalizy.ru

Platelets are small blood cells that are involved in the blood clotting process.

They are formed in the bone marrow and have two main functions:

plug formation;
closing the damage to the vessel, and accelerating blood clotting.

A low level of platelets in the blood can lead to severe bleeding in the body, which is sometimes very difficult to stop, with different consequences.

The number of platelets in normal blood is 100-420 * 109 / l in newborns and 180-320 * 109 / l in children and adults.

Sometimes this norm is violated, the content of elements decreases.

There are three main reasons why platelets in the blood fall:

Lowered blood platelets

If thrombocritis is below normal in the blood, the patient needs immediate treatment with intravenous injections and potent drugs.

Only a qualified doctor makes the final diagnosis and prescribes treatment, so you must first consult with him.

A biological study of a blood test for total blood cell count helps to identify the main causes of low platelets in the blood.

It detects a clotting disorder or bone marrow disease, which indicates a danger to a person.

If in the process a low content of platelets in the blood was found, then you should start taking medications, take care of your diet.

Foods containing iron can increase the level of platelets: green apples, liver, buckwheat, meat, walnuts and beets.

Platelets are lowered what is the danger

Heavy loads during this period are contraindicated, as they can lead to leukemia - a disease when blood stops clotting and even a small wound can lead to a large fatal loss.

There is a low level of platelets in the blood in women, usually in the first days of the menstrual cycle.

This helps to protect the body from thrombosis, heart attacks, strokes and serves for further reproduction of offspring.

But in case of too heavy bleeding, you should immediately donate blood for a general analysis and see a doctor.

Delay can result in the formation of a blood clot or too much blood loss. Platelets in a general blood test.

Diagnostics and risk groups. Thrombocytopenia and its causes

Thrombocytopenia is a dangerous disease if platelets are lowered to a level of 150 * 109 / l and below. It is characterized by a high level of bleeding and the difficulty of stopping it.

The main causes of thrombocytopenia are:

low platelet count in the blood;
impaired platelet recovery;
high rate of destruction of blood cells.

Also, possible causes of thrombocytopenia can be infectious diseases: HIV, mononucleosis, hepatitis A and B, or a reaction to drugs.

The disease develops gradually, so it is important to pay attention to the main signs and symptoms in time.

As a consequence of the cause of low platelets in the blood, frequent nosebleeds may become, it takes more time for the blood to stop when a cut occurs, bruises appear on the body for no apparent reason, ruptured eye vessels, petechial hemorrhages and enlargement of the spleen.

There are several main types of thrombocytopenia:

1. 1. Alloimmune - appears as a result of the destruction of platelets with incompatibility of different blood groups and reveals low platelets.
  2. Autoimmune - the body takes the platelet protein for a foreign element and produces antibodies.
  3. Transimmune - blood antibodies cross the mother's placenta to the fetus.
  4. Heteroimmune - antibodies are produced when an antigen or virus appears in the blood.

Diagnosis of the disease is carried out during an external examination of the patient for the presence of characteristic rashes, hematomas, as well as a biological blood test and shows why there are few platelets in the blood.

The study establishes a decrease in the volume of blood cells, a decrease in their maturity, and the detection of different colors and shapes. Thrombophilia test.

Thrombocytopenia treatment

In the treatment of thrombocytopenia, injections with immunoglobulin, therapy with general corticosteroids and blood transfusion from a donor are performed (donating platelets and consequences).

It must be remembered that self-treatment of the disease is contraindicated.

If the first signs are found and there are few platelets in the blood, then you should immediately consult a doctor. Any delay, without exaggeration, can cost a person his life.

You can independently increase platelet levels by eating healthy foods, foods rich in iron, avoiding high-calorie foods and cardio loads.

It should be borne in mind that if platelets are lowered, then this will not help with an already made diagnosis, since with poor blood clotting and heavy bleeding, you need to move as little as possible so as not to cause an increased blood flow.

If platelets are low in an adult, then he is prescribed blood transfusions, injections and full outpatient treatment.

When treating a child, immunoglobulin, glucose corticosteroids, calcium pantothenate are administered, and in difficult cases, a transfusion of previously irradiated plasma. Find out what to do if your child has a high platelet count.

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Platelets are low

According to the latest data on blood tests, low platelet count is a fairly common pathogenic condition that has been found in more than two percent of the world's population.

In principle, low platelets can always be inherent in the problems of frequent bleeding. In addition, a low level of platelets is recorded in hematological diseases. Rarely, but a decrease in platelets acts as a separate disease in Werlhof's disease or in thrombocytopenic purpura.

We note right away that the main external manifestations of a decrease in platelets in the blood include an increase in the time interval that is necessary to stop bleeding. In addition, spontaneous bleeding from the nose, gums, and from the oral mucosa is noted. The appearance of bruises and bruises in different parts of the body is noted.

The consequence of a decrease in platelets

Despite the fact that the symptom of a decrease in platelets is almost invisible to most patients, or they are not given the same attention as other diseases, in some cases, a decrease in platelets can lead to serious consequences:

First of all, bleeding into internal organs is a serious danger.
After serious injury, there can be excessive blood loss, which can even lead to death.
Hemorrhage in the eye, or rather, in the retina, which can cause loss of vision.
Brain hemorrhage. This type of hemorrhage is fatal.

Important! If a low platelet count is diagnosed, which shows a content in the range from twenty to fifty * 10 ^ 9 units / liter of blood, then the patient is offered outpatient treatment. A drop in the platelet count to 19 * 10 ^ 9 units / liter and below is a signal for immediate hospitalization.

Reasons for a decrease in a newborn

Let's begin to consider the possible reasons for a decrease in the level of platelets in the blood of a newborn.

The norm for a newborn is from one hundred to 420 * 10 ^ 9 units / liter, and any indicators below this can be considered thrombocytopenia. The problem in newborns is quite common. So statistics show that 75% of all newborns with low birth weight also have a lowered platelet count.

The most common causes of low platelet count are:

An immune problem that leads to the fact that there is an incompatibility of blood groups between the mother and the child.
Transplacental transmission is a problem that lowers platelet levels. For example, it can be systemic lupus erythematosus.
Autoimmune disease.
Issues of prematurity or postmaturity of the child.
Asphyxia that occurred at birth.
Anemia.
Any diseases of an infectious, as well as immunodeficiency nature.

Causes of low platelets in a child

In a child from 1 to 10 years old, the normal level of platelets is 180 to 320 * 10 ^ 9 units per liter of fluid. Possible reasons and factors that lead to a decrease in this indicator include:

Viral diseases and damage to the upper respiratory tract.
Anemia.
Sometimes certain medications, antibiotics, analgesics, cytostatics are capable of lowering the level of platelets.
DIC syndrome.
Hemodialysis.
A low level of folic acid also lowers the platelet count in the blood.
Thyrotoxicosis.
Various allergies, acute, chronic.
Poisoning.

Causes of low platelet count in an adult

Let us determine the normal indicators for a man - 180 to 320 * 10 ^ 9 units / l, for women this indicator is somewhat different - from 150 to 380 * 10 ^ 9 units / l.

The main reasons for the decrease in platelets include:

Anemia and manifestation of leukemia.
A bone marrow disease in which platelets are produced.
The use of certain medications.
Excessive passion for alcoholic beverages.

Trauma with great blood loss.
Recently performed surgery.
Sometimes it can be a factor of external influence, for example, the effect of salts of some heavy metals on the body.
Infectious diseases.
Carrying out hemodialysis, which contributes to the active consumption of platelets, and, accordingly, their reduction.
Hereditary and autoimmune diseases.

We add that in women, in addition to the above reasons, one can also note a decrease in platelets during pregnancy and during menstruation.

The main effect on the increase in the level of platelets in the blood is always the elimination of the main or basic cause of the fall. In most cases, the problem of a drop in platelets is not acute, and this indicator can be brought back to normal in natural ways.

For example, it is necessary to switch to a healthy and nutritious, balanced diet, in which the rejection of high-calorie foods, alcohol and coffee will take an important place.

The diet should be based on foods rich in Omega-3. It is necessary to take vitamin complexes that can quickly restore the vitamin balance in the body.

It is definitely worth bringing the daily routine into a kind of balanced complex, in which, in addition to proper nutrition, time will be allocated for physical exercises, which are designed to strengthen the immune system.

Various laboratory tests are the most common and at the same time quite informative diagnostic methods. So, a study of the composition of the blood allows you to determine how well the body is functioning, as well as to identify any violations in its activity. The ratio of the number of cells in the blood and their balance among themselves can tell doctors a lot. Today we will talk about why there may be low platelets in the blood, we will consider the reasons for this and the possible consequences of this phenomenon in a little more detail.

Platelets are essential blood cells. They perform many functions in our body, the most famous of which is blood clotting. So, it is platelets that form a clot, which is also called a primary thrombus, it is designed to temporarily stop bleeding from small vessels, since it closes them at the site of injury. But in addition, such blood cells are important for vasoconstriction and their adequate nutrition, they take part in the work of the immune system, and also play an important role in the processes of fibrinolysis (clot dissolution).

What can reduce the number of platelets in the blood?

In fact, in some cases, the number of such cells in the body may decrease, and this is considered completely normal. So, during the day, their volumes can change by about 10%, in girls, platelets naturally decrease during menstruation. But if the level of such cells in the blood drops dramatically, this is most likely a symptom of some health problem.

The number of platelets in the blood may decrease if these cells are produced in a smaller volume, or if their production stops altogether. A similar picture can be observed with ailments of the liver, blood, and also the thyroid gland. Platelet synthesis is disrupted under the influence of various viral infections, with prolonged use of antibacterial drugs and some other medicines (diuretics, antipsychotics, antithyroid and anticonvulsants), and even with a lack of vitamin B12 or B9 (folic acid). Potential causes of impaired production of such blood cells may also include exposure to ionizing radiation or HIV infection.

The volume of platelets in the blood falls if these cells undergo destructive processes (are destroyed). A similar situation is possible in a number of pathological situations, presented by:

Disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome;
- infectious diseases;
- various immune disorders (Wergolf's disease or thrombocytopenic purpura, etc.).

In addition, the destruction of platelets can be explained by blood transfusions and the consumption of certain medications (antihistamines, hypothiazide, sulfonamides, etc.).

Quite rarely, the number of platelets in the blood decreases if their distribution throughout the body is disturbed. So, almost half of these cells are stored in the spleen, and if they stay in such an organ for a long time, their volume decreases, and the cells themselves are destroyed.

As practice shows, most often a decrease in platelets occurs as a result of an attack of various infectious factors. A similar situation is often observed in patients with herpes, various types of acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections, mononucleosis, etc. A decrease in platelet volume is characteristic of the development of hepatitis.
Much less often, such a change in blood composition is observed as a result of oncological lesions.

Doctors also say that a slight decrease in the number of platelets may be completely normal for women who are carrying a child. But even during this period, such blood test results should not be ignored.

Sometimes the number of platelets in the blood decreases slightly against the background of a rigid diet, in this case the root cause of such a problem lies in hypovitaminosis. In addition, a similar clinical picture can be observed when the body is intoxicated with various substances, ranging from alcohol and ending with heavy metals.

We have considered far from all the possible reasons for a decrease in the level of platelets in the blood. Only a doctor can accurately determine the factor that caused such a problem.

Therefore, all readers of "Popularly about health" who found a decrease in platelets in the results of a general blood test should undergo a full examination.

The number of platelets has decreased - the consequences for the blood and the person of this?

As you know, the main manifestation of a decrease in platelets below normal is various hemorrhages, as well as bleeding. It is with their occurrence that all possible complications of this condition are associated.

So, with a decrease in the number of platelets in the body, hemorrhage into the retina may occur. In such a situation, visual acuity deteriorates sharply, and in the absence of medical care, irreversible blindness occurs.

Also, a possible consequence of a low platelet count is considered a cerebral hemorrhage - a stroke, which in about a quarter of cases ends in death.

Even a decrease in the level of platelets in the blood is fraught with the development of post-hemorrhagic anemia, which in turn occurs in the presence of frequent (persistent) bleeding, most often in the digestive tract. Anemia leads to pallor and weakness, disrupts general well-being, and with severe blood loss, it can be fatal.