Military uniform of the Soviet red army photo. Military uniform of the Red Army (1936-1945) Outfit of a Red Army soldier 1945

In 1943, the Red Army adopted a new uniform. The new tunic was very similar to the one used in the tsarist army and had a stand-up collar fastened with two buttons. The main distinguishing feature of the new uniform was shoulder straps. There were two types of shoulder straps: field and everyday. Field shoulder straps were made of khaki fabric. On the shoulder straps near the button, they wore a small gold or silver badge, denoting the type of troops. The officers wore a cap with a black leather chin strap. The color of the band of the cap depended on the type of troops. In winter, the generals and colonels of the Red Army had to wear hats, and the rest of the officers received ordinary earflaps.

And now more thoroughly:

Back in the summer months of 1941, preparations were launched to provide the personnel of the Red Army with warm clothes for the winter. The main warm things, first of all, fur coats and felt boots, were sought in various pre-war warehouses, collected as an aid to the army from the population, and were produced at an accelerated pace by industry with tolerances in the direction of simplification and reduction in cost. As a result, the active army was completely satisfied with warm things. Which led to some variety in color and cut of the form in the winter of 1941/1942.

Air Force pilot 1943-45, senior sergeant, Don cavalry units 1943

By the way, the German industry could not provide its army with winter uniforms, and it is not necessary to say that the blitzkrieg, assumed the capture of Moscow before winter, it was already clear in the fall that it didn’t smell like blitzkrieg. Yes, and the capture of Moscow did not mean the end of the war, nor did they go to the tropics, so somewhere the German quartermasters did not work, therefore, during the winter hostilities, the Wehrmacht's losses from frostbite exceeded the number of combat losses.

The composition of the rear units and institutions, motor transport units of combat formations, as well as drivers of all branches of the military, instead of an overcoat, began to issue a double-breasted wadded jacket. The great tension with the provision of clothing was due to the decline in the output of light industry products, some of whose enterprises had not yet established production in the evacuation, and those who remained in the field were experiencing difficulties with raw materials, energy and labor. For those who like to argue whose uniform or whose tanks and aircraft are the best, and so on, the answer is simple.

Transfer of a very large number of defense enterprises beyond the Urals, and their launch into the technological cycle in such a short time. It has no analogues in history, just in such volumes and over such distances, no one has ever transferred the industry, and is unlikely to transfer it in the future, the largest industrial migration. So just for this feat, the rear officials need to build a huge, enormous monument. By the way, German industry was completely transferred to a war footing only in 1943, and before that, only 25% went to military needs of the total.

For the same reason, the project on the introduction of new insignia, prepared for May 1942, was postponed, which was supposed to provide the entire Red Army with shoulder straps by October 1, 1942.

Pilot of naval aviation 1943-45, tankman winter uniform 1942-44yy

And only in 1943, the order of January 15, People's Commissar of Defense I. Stalin No. 25 "On the introduction of new insignia and changes in the uniform of the Red Army" introduced new insignia, The military uniform of the Soviet Red Army 1943-1945, and here is the change order itself.

I ORDER:

Establish the wearing of epaulettes: FIELD - by servicemen in the Army in the field and personnel of units prepared for sending to the front, EVERYDAY - by servicemen of other units and institutions of the Red Army, as well as when wearing dress uniform.

The entire composition of the Red Army should switch to new insignia - shoulder straps from February 1 to February 15, 1943.

Make changes to the uniform of the Red Army personnel according to the description.

Introduce the "Rules for wearing uniforms by the personnel of the Red Army".

Allow the wearing of the existing uniform with new insignia until the next issue of the uniform, in accordance with the current terms and norms of supply.

Unit commanders and chiefs of garrisons strictly monitor the observance of uniforms and the correct wearing of new insignia.

People's Commissar of Defense I. STALIN.

And how many small changes and nuances that followed, with the introduction of a new form, take, for example, gymnastics. For the gymnasts of the existing model, the following changes are introduced: The collars of the tunics of all models instead of the turn-down ones - standing, soft, fastened with through loops in the front with two shaped buttons of a small size. Shoulder straps of the established pattern are fastened on the shoulders. The sleeve insignia of the tunic are canceled.

Red Army infantryman and lieutenant 1943-45.

Lieutenant. The cap has a crimson edging, like the cuffs of the shirt. Gymnast from 1943 with flap inside pockets, still wears blue breeches. With two prongs, a belt buckle was carried in 1943, in a Tokarev or TT holster, behind the belt a rocket launcher.

Red Army. Standard field infantry uniform 1943

Gymnastics of the commanding staff instead of patch pockets have welt (internal) pockets covered with valves. Uniforms for privates and sergeants - no pockets. On August 5, 1944, welt chest pockets were introduced on the tunics of women of the rank and file.

Red Army, medical staff uniform 1943

Most of the medical staff were women. Navy blue berets and skirts have been part of the dress uniform for the Red Army since the pre-war days, khakis were assigned in May and August 1942, but most women wore standard male uniforms, or wore mixed clothing that was more comfortable.

76 women were awarded the title "Hero of the Soviet Union", many of them posthumously. From September 16, 1944, sergeants and Red Army men were also officially allowed to have breast welt pockets, but only if they received an unwearable officer's uniform after putting it in order.

Major General Land Forces 1943-44.

Combinations of shapes from different time periods were quite common during the war. Gymnastics shirt, 1935, hinged collar, but shoulder straps are sewn, With hand-embroidered lace weaves in khaki and silver stars. Khaki cap - widely used by all officers in the second half of the war. This type of commander's bag is supplied under Lend-Lease.

Military uniform of the Soviet red army 1943-1945

Camouflage clothing.

Camouflage clothing, Red Army 1943-1945

From left to right. The most common camouflage is two-piece, but there were also one-piece overalls. The colors are varied, brown, black or dark green on a pale olive green background. Further, the simplest form of camouflage: garlands of grass, wrapping the body, equipment and weapons to break up the image of their visual structure.

The next one. By the end of the war, an alternative type of suit was produced - although not in the same quantities. It was olive green, with lots of small loops all over the surface to hold the tufts of grass. And the last type of robe was used by the troops during the Winter War with Finland in 1939-40. and much more widely during the Great Patriotic War.

Some photos from that time show that some overalls were reversible, but it is not clear when this was introduced or how widely it was used.

Scout of the Red Army, 1944-45

This camouflage suit, produced during the Great Patriotic War, first appeared in 1944, and it seems that it was not very widespread. The complexity of the pattern: a paler background, a sawtooth pattern like "seaweed" and interspersed with large brown spots to destroy the image. The scout is armed with a PPS-43 submachine gun, the best submachine gun of the Second World War, the German MP-40 was not lying around. PPS-43 is lighter and cheaper than PPSh-41, which to some extent began to be replaced by the latter during the last two years of the war. The box magazine was much more convenient and simpler than the complex round PPSh drum. Three spare magazines in a simple flap bag with wooden buttons. 1940 model knife, 1940 model helmet; lace-up lend-lease boots.

Junior lieutenant rifle units, winter uniform, 1944

A fur coat or sheepskin coat was a popular item of winter clothing, produced in both civilian and military versions. Depending on the length, it was used both in the infantry and in mechanized units.

Captain of the border troops of the NKVD, ceremonial uniform of 1945.

The cap has a gilded metal cockade, a hand-embroidered V-badge. Blue piping at collar and cuffs. On the chest there is a medal for "For the Defense of Moscow", established on May 1, 1944.

Lieutenant General, full dress uniform 1945.

The parade uniform was worn by marshals and generals, commanders of fronts and formations who took part in the parade in honor of the victory over Germany in Moscow on June 24, 1945.

A uniform introduced in 1943 but not issued until the end of the war.

Sergeant. Ceremonial uniform of 1945.

A uniform with a standing collar with buttonholes, flaps in the back skirt, scarlet piping on the collar, cuffs and pocket flaps. The uniform was sewn to each according to individual measurements, more than 250 ceremonial generals' uniforms of a new model were sewn, and in total, in the factories, workshops and ateliers of the capital, over 10 thousand sets of various uniforms for the parade participants were produced in three weeks. In the hands of the standard of the German infantry battalion. On the right side of the chest of the Order of the Red Star and the Patriotic War, above the Guard sign. On the left chest there is a Gold Star "Hero of the Soviet Union", and a block from the awards. All fronts and fleets were represented at the parade, participants must be awarded orders and medals. That is, real selected front-line soldiers took part in the parade.

After passing with the banners and standards of Germany lowered, they were burned along with the platform, and the gloves carrying the banners and standards were also burned.

In February 1946, the people's commissariats of defense and the navy were merged and transformed into a single ministry of the armed forces of the USSR, and the armed forces themselves acquired new names: "Soviet army" and "naval forces".

Since 1946, in fact, work begins on new samples of the form.

You can also order WWII shoulder straps.

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Back in the summer months of 1941, preparations were launched to provide the personnel of the Red Army with warm clothes for the winter. The main warm things, first of all, fur coats and felt boots, were sought in various pre-war warehouses, collected as an aid to the army from the population, and were produced at an accelerated pace by industry with tolerances in the direction of simplification and reduction in cost. As a result, the active army was completely satisfied with warm things. Which led to some variety in color and cut of the form in the winter of 1941/1942.

Air Force pilot 1943-45, senior sergeant, Don cavalry units 1943

Transfer of a very large the number of defense enterprises in the Urals, and their launch into the technological cycle in such a short time. Has no analogues in history, just in such volumes and over such distances, no one has ever transferred the industry, and is unlikely to transfer in the future, the largest industrial migration. So just for this feat, the rear officials need to build a huge, enormous monument. By the way, German industry was completely transferred to a war footing only in 1943, and before that, only 25% went to military needs of the total.

For the same reason, the project on the introduction of new insignia, prepared for May 1942, was postponed, which was supposed to provide the entire Red Army with shoulder straps by October 1, 1942.

Pilot of naval aviation 1943-45, tankman winter uniform 1942-44

And only in 1943, the order of January 15, People's Commissar of Defense I. Stalin No. 25 "On the introduction of new insignia and changes in the uniform of the Red Army" introduced new insignia, Military uniform of the Soviet red army 1943-1945, and here is the order for changes.
I ORDER:

Establish the wearing of epaulettes: FIELD - by servicemen in the Army in the field and personnel of units prepared for sending to the front, EVERYDAY - by servicemen of other units and institutions of the Red Army, as well as when wearing dress uniform.
The entire composition of the Red Army should switch to new insignia - shoulder straps from February 1 to February 15, 1943.
Make changes to the uniform of the Red Army personnel according to the description.
Introduce the "Rules for wearing uniforms by the personnel of the Red Army".
Allow the wearing of the existing uniform with new insignia until the next issue of the uniform, in accordance with the current terms and norms of supply.
Unit commanders and chiefs of garrisons strictly monitor the observance of uniforms and the correct wearing of new insignia.

People's Commissar of Defense I. STALIN.

Red Army infantryman and lieutenant 1943-45

Infantryman of the Red Army in the second half of the war. M1940 helmet olive green, 1943 tunic has a stand-up collar, no chest pockets, on the left the medal for "Defense of Stalingrad" was instituted on December 22, 1942. The difference in shade between the elements of clothing is not significant; Manufacturing tolerances and a large number of manufacturing facilities have resulted in a wide range of khaki, or as it is called, security colors. A flask with water of glass design, bags for F-1 and PPSh-41 grenades with a drum magazine. On the back there is a simple cotton backpack or duffel bag.
Lieutenant. The cap has a crimson edging, like the cuffs of the shirt. Gymnast from 1943 with flap inside pockets, still wears blue breeches. With two prongs, the belt buckle was carried in 1943, in a Tokarev or TT holster, behind the belt a rocket launcher.

Red Army. Standard field infantry uniform 1943

Red Army, medical staff uniform 1943

Major General Land Forces 1943-44

Military uniform of the Soviet red army 1943-1945.

Camouflage clothing.

Camouflage clothing, Red Army 1943-1945

A large number of different colors of camouflage were produced during the war, and were used mainly by snipers, scouts, and mountain troops. Camouflages are loose-fitting to be worn over any combination of uniform and equipment, with large hoods to cover the helmet.
From left to right. The most common camouflage is two-piece, but there were also one-piece overalls. The colors are varied, brown, black or dark green on a pale olive green background. Further, the simplest form of camouflage: garlands of grass, wrapping the body, equipment and weapons to break up the image of their visual structure.
The next one. Towards the end of the war, an alternative type of suit was produced - although not in the same quantities. It was olive green, with lots of small loops all over the surface to hold the tufts of grass. And the last type of robe was used by the troops during the Winter War with Finland in 1939-40. and much more widely during the Great Patriotic War.
Some photos from that time show that some overalls were reversible, but it is not clear when this was introduced or how widely it was used.

Scout of the Red Army, 1944-45

Junior lieutenant rifle units, winter uniform, 1944

A fur coat or sheepskin coat was a popular item of winter clothing, produced in both civilian and military versions. Depending on the length, it was used both in the infantry and in mechanized units.

Captain of the border troops of the NKVD, ceremonial uniform of 1945

Officer's dress jacket, double-breasted, fitted skirt. It was introduced in 1943. The version of the border troops differed from other NKVD troops, only in green piping and the color of the crown of the cap, the color of the collar tabs and cuffs. On the chest "Order of the Red Banner", established in August 1924; medals "For Military Merit" and "For Victory over Germany".
The cap has a gilded metal cockade, a hand-embroidered V-badge. Blue piping at collar and cuffs. On the chest there is a medal for "For the Defense of Moscow", established on May 1, 1944.

Lieutenant General, full dress uniform 1945

The parade uniform was worn by marshals and generals, commanders of fronts and formations who took part in the parade in honor of the victory over Germany in Moscow on June 24, 1945.

A uniform introduced in 1943 but not issued until the end of the war.

Sergeant. 1945 ceremonial uniform

A uniform with a standing collar with buttonholes, flaps in the back of the skirt, scarlet piping on the collar, cuffs and pocket flaps. The uniform was sewn to each according to individual measurements, more than 250 ceremonial generals' uniforms of a new model were sewn, and in total in factories, workshops and ateliers of the capital, more than 10 thousand sets of various uniforms for parade participants were produced in three weeks. In the hands of the standard of the German infantry battalion. On the right side of the chest of the Order of the Red Star and the Patriotic War, above the Guard sign. On the left chest there is a Gold Star "Hero of the Soviet Union", and a block from the awards. All fronts and fleets were represented at the parade, participants must be awarded orders and medals. That is, real selected front-line soldiers took part in the parade.

After passing with the banners and standards of Germany lowered, they were burned along with the platform, and the gloves carrying the banners and standards were also burned.
In February 1946, the people's commissariats of defense and the navy were merged and transformed into a single ministry of the armed forces of the USSR, and the armed forces themselves acquired new names: "Soviet army" and "naval forces".
Since 1946, in fact, work begins on new samples of the form.

The uniform of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army (RKKA), which was a collection of items of military uniforms, equipment and insignia, differed sharply from all analogues that existed in the pre-war years. It was a kind of material embodiment of the abolition of the class division of citizens and civil (and then military) ranks, declared by the Soviet government in November 1917.

The Bolsheviks believed that in the free army of the new state of workers and peasants they were creating, there could be no external forms that would indicate the power and superiority of some over others. Therefore, following the military ranks and titles, the entire system of external insignia that existed in the Russian army - stripes, shoulder straps, orders and medals - was canceled.

In the appeals, only titles by position have been preserved. Initially, two forms of address were allowed: citizen and comrade (citizen, battalion commander, comrade platoon commander, etc.), but soon the generally accepted form of address became “comrade”.

During the formation of the first units and formations of the Red Army, the stocks of uniforms stored in the warehouses of the Russian army demobilized in 1918 were widely used. Therefore, the Red Army men and commanders were dressed in the camp shirts of the 1912 model, approved by Tsar Nicholas II, of a khaki color, wide trousers of the same color tucked into boots or windings with boots, as well as caps.

They differed from the Russian servicemen and the white armies created during the civil war only by the absence of shoulder straps, a breastplate and a red star on the band of their cap.

To develop new uniforms for the Red Army, on April 25, 1918, a special commission was established, which already in December of the same year submitted for approval to the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic (the Revolutionary Military Council is the body that guided the military construction and combat activities of the Red Army during the civil war) a new type headdress - the famous "budenovka", distinctive signs for the command staff and distinctive signs of the main branches of the armed forces They were approved on January 16, 1919 and became a kind of starting point for a rather long process of creating a uniform that was used during the Great Patriotic War.

The diameter of the sleeve stars of the Marshal of the Soviet Union and the General of the Army together with the edging was 54 mm. The sleeve star of the Marshal of the Soviet Union and the generals had an edging of red cloth 2 mm wide, the sleeve star for the rest of the generals had an edging in color according to the type of troops (crimson, blue or red), 2 mm wide. The diameter of the sleeve star, including the edging, was 44 mm.

The chevron of the general of the army consisted of one square made of gold lace 32 mm wide, and in the upper part it was made of red cloth 10 mm wide. The generals of the combat arms were supposed to have one square made of gold braid 32 mm wide, at the bottom - a 3 mm wide edging according to the type of troops.

The commanding officers' chevrons that looked very impressive were canceled shortly before the start of the Great Patriotic War, and with its beginning in the active army and marching units, the insignia were replaced by field ones: for all branches of the military, it was established to wear buttonholes in a khaki color with insignia painted in a khaki color. The wearing of commissar stars on the sleeves of political workers was also canceled.

A radical change in the system of insignia occurred on January 15, 1943, when, in accordance with the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of January 6, 1943, People's Commissar of Defense I.V. Stalin issued an order "On the introduction of new insignia for the personnel of the Red Army." In accordance with this order, new insignia were introduced - shoulder straps.

In their shape, the shoulder straps of the Red Army were similar to the shoulder straps adopted in the Russian army until 1917. They were a strip with parallel long sides, the lower end of the shoulder strap was rectangular, and the upper end was cut at an obtuse angle. In the shoulder straps of marshals and generals, the top of the obtuse corner is cut parallel to the lower edge.

Servicemen in the active army and personnel of units prepared for sending to the front were to wear field shoulder straps, and servicemen of other units and institutions of the Red Army - everyday shoulder straps. Both field and everyday shoulder straps were edged along the edges (except for the bottom edge) with colored cloth edging. According to the assigned military rank, belonging to the branch of troops (service), insignia (asterisks, gaps, stripes) and emblems were placed on the shoulder straps, and stencils indicating the names of the military unit were also placed on the daily shoulder straps of junior command personnel, rank-and-file personnel and cadets of military schools. (connections). Field and everyday shoulder straps of generals and all infantry personnel - without emblems, in other branches of the military - with emblems.

For the Marshals of the Soviet Union and generals, the shoulder strap was made of a special braid weaving: for field shoulder straps - from khaki silk, for everyday ones - from gold drag.

With the introduction of shoulder straps, the functions of buttonholes were mainly reduced to the designation of the military affiliation of the servicemen of the Red Army, while the placement of buttonholes on tunics and tunics was generally canceled.

On the collar of the uniform of the senior and middle command personnel, there were longitudinal buttonholes made of instrument cloth without edging. The finished buttonholes were 82 mm long and 27 mm wide. Buttonhole color - by type of troops:

infantry - crimson;

artillery - black;

armored troops - black;

aviation - blue;

cavalry - light blue;

engineering and technical troops - black;

quartermaster service - crimson;

medical and veterinary services - dark green;

the military-legal structure is crimson.

On the buttonholes of the senior command staff there are two longitudinal stripes, sewn with gold thread, and intertwined with silver thread. On the buttonholes of the middle command staff - one strip.

Red (Soviet) Army 1941-1945 The uniform of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army (RKKA), which was a collection of items of military uniforms, equipment and insignia, differed sharply from all analogues that existed in the pre-war years. It was a kind of material embodiment of the abolition of the class division of citizens and civil (and then military) ranks, declared by the Soviet government in November 1917. The Bolsheviks believed that in the free army of the new state of workers and peasants they were creating, there could be no external forms that would indicate the power and superiority of some over others. Therefore, following the military ranks and ranks, the entire system of external insignia that existed in the Russian army - stripes, shoulder straps, orders and medals - was abolished. Initially, two forms of appeal were allowed: a citizen and a comrade (citizen, battalion commander, comrade platoon commander, etc.)

but soon “comrade” became the generally accepted form of address. During the formation of the first units and formations of the Red Army, the stocks of uniforms stored in the warehouses of the Russian army demobilized in 1918 were widely used. Therefore, the Red Army men and commanders were dressed in marching shirts of the 1912 model approved by Tsar Nicholas II, khaki color, wide trousers of the same color tucked into boots or windings with boots, as well as caps. They differed from the Russian servicemen and the white armies created during the civil war only by the absence of shoulder straps, a breastplate and a red star on the band of their cap. To develop a new Red Army on April 25, 1918

a special commission was established, which already in December of the same year submitted for approval to the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic (the Revolutionary Military Council is the body that supervised the military construction and combat activities of the Red Army during the civil war) a new type of headdress - the famous "budenovka", distinctive signs for command personnel and distinctive signs of the main types of troops They were approved on January 16, 1919 and became a kind of starting point for a fairly long process of creating a uniform that was used during the Great Patriotic War.