Community educational program: what we pay for. What services can you not pay for utilities
Taxes are one of the most ancient instruments for the state to exercise its authority. In the ancient Egyptian kingdom there are mandatory payments necessary for the maintenance of the pharaoh, numerous officials and soldiers. Why do we pay taxes while living in an industrial society? In the modern sense, the term tax denotes a mandatory payment in favor of the state. Taxes are established to implement the following goals:
Replenishment of local, regional and federal budgets;
Mandatory payments ensure the functioning of the state apparatus, army, police, educational and medical centers;
An important direction of spending the tax component of the budget is the development of transport and social infrastructure, the maintenance of the foreign economic apparatus.
Every citizen of working age pays tax on income received. Individual income tax is levied on income received from the employer or from entrepreneurial activity. Also subject to taxation are winnings and dividends. The total amount of tax payments for this type of tax is sent to the federal budget. Revenue from value added tax is also sent there. The amount of payments is formed from each transaction for the sale of goods or services. The lion's share of tax revenue is provided by excise taxes. Excise taxes are established for consumer goods. The most popular excise stamps in Russia for alcohol-containing products, tobacco, and petroleum products.
Each Russian organization deducts payments from the profit to the regional and federal budgets. The local budget is fed by fees from individuals. Transport tax, land tax, property tax are paid to the municipal budget. Taxes and fees allow the state to finance programs for the development of individual industries, agriculture; to support entrepreneurship, banking institutions.
The tax system is based on the principle of redistribution of wealth between various social groups. Payments make it possible to carry out state support for socially vulnerable citizens and certain categories of the population that exercise state functions. The state does not always use tax payments for their intended purpose. This is evidenced by the presence of pits on Russian roads, the lack of equipment in medical centers and educational institutions.
In connection with the irrational use of funds and the large difference in incomes of various groups of the population, the question of introducing a differentiated tax rate on personal income tax is often put on the agenda.
Legislative initiatives are being put forward to introduce a progressive tax rate, which provides for the collection of maximum amounts from high-income recipients. Among the initiative groups there are ideas of introducing a luxury tax, which provides for the taxation of expensive transport and property. It is worth noting that today these initiatives remain unrealized.
Our citizens often ask the question: why do we pay taxes if we notice the inefficiency of the state apparatus, the presence of social problems. Payment of taxes is the responsibility of citizens, the refusal to fulfill it is punishable by additional charges and fines. Transferring part of the managerial functions to the state, citizens should understand that these services are provided on a paid basis. The amount of payment is tax payments.
The housing committee clarifies.
Despite the fact that the Constitution of the Russian Federation is not taken seriously, it is still the supreme / fundamental law of the country. It spells out the rights and obligations of the parties. That is, citizens and the state. In other words: the Constitution is the country's charter.
According to Art. 57 p. 1 of the Constitution, quote: “Everyone is obliged to pay taxes and fees legally established by law ...”. This is the only article in the entire Constitution that spells out the obligation to pay. There is no article in the Constitution that states the obligation to pay for housing and communal services. And who is “everyone”? Who is this "everyone"? And in general: property tax is absurd. I bought an apartment, built a house - pay. For what? For your property? So it turns out, not a tax, but a tribute. Payment for housing and communal services is not a tax or a fee. And, frankly, a tribute.
We return to the Constitution. According to Art. 7 p. 1 of the Constitution, quote: “The Russian Federation is a social state whose policy is aimed at creating conditions ensuring a decent life and free development of a person”; according to Art. 20, quote: “Everyone has the right to life.” Summing up: the state should take care of its citizens, is obliged to provide them with the necessary minimum for life. Well, at least: life-supporting resources - water, electricity, gas, heat. A person / citizen cannot live without life-supporting resources. This is the basis of life. To charge for a “product”, equated, if necessary, with air, is to put a person before a choice: pay or die.
According to Article 34, paragraph 2 of the Constitution, the quote: “Economic activity aimed at monopolization and unfair competition is not allowed.” This is de jure. And de facto: all the time. Usually in one region one legal entity (most often, an LLC with an authorized capital of ten thousand rubles !!!) is the so-called “guaranteed supplier” of a life-supporting resource to the entire region, and even for communications built back in the USSR. That is: for the fact that the apartment has water \\ gas \\ light, the residents of the region must pay tribute to one company. And how much they say - pay so much. One hundred rubles per liter or one hundred rubles per kilowatt - this seems to be just around the corner. It also happens that the founders list a foreign legal entity, and who is the beneficiary is unclear.
Well, we should not pay for the resources that support life in us. Well, a modern city dweller cannot do without them. Yes, not everyone has gas in the apartment. But everyone needs water, heat and electricity. This natural right is the right to life. Well, a city dweller cannot dig a well in the yard. Rural is more free. But where there are no MA (management organizations), they get other "services". So that’s what it is.
Disconnecting, or how they veiled the “limitation” of a life-sustaining resource, even for non-payment, is a criminal offense. Plugs for sewers, plugs for gas pipes, cutting off electricity - this is all ILLEGAL !!! This is a crime against the rights and freedoms of man and citizen, diminution of dignity, humiliation. According to the Civil Code, it is NOT allowed to disable \\ restrict any life-supporting resources, even for non-payment; but it is punishable according to the Criminal Code. Therefore, there are no such articles in the Civil Code - because the state does not allow such an attitude to the citizens of their country. Therefore, there is no and cannot be such court decisions. This is used by various kinds of legal entities: that people do not know their rights. Hence the fears - from ignorance. Not only their rights, but also the foundations of the state. The state is created for people. The state is a servant. And no more. Citizen, man - the basis of the state, the highest value. And not all kinds of legal entities.
To summarize: the life-supporting resources in our apartments / houses are the necessary minimum for life guaranteed by the Constitution. And the Guarantor of our constitutional rights is the President of the Russian Federation. So all questions can be directed to him: a letter through the “Russian Post” (103132 Moscow, Ilyinka Street, 23) or through an electronic reception (letters.kremlin.ru).
This is not a dependent position. This is just the exercise of their rights guaranteed by the Constitution and the President, and of common sense.
“I consume - I have to pay.” This is the slavish position cultivated in us by capitalism that we must pay for everything. For everything in a row. We are being slowly accustomed to what we will pay: for crossing the road, for picking berries and mushrooms, and for homemade fluffies ... How much imagination is enough. But! Each civil servant lives off the budget. The budget consists of, including taxes. Taxes, who do not know, few people thought about, and minor children pay. And non-working too. We all pay VAT in stores: 10% / 18%. so that de facto taxes are paid by ALL. That is: in fact, a dependent is a state that exists, including at the expense of children. So civil servants are just servants of the people. Only. From head to toe - it's all at our expense. That is why we have the right to answer: life-supporting resources in our apartments and houses.
It is not a question of the prosperity of legal entities. This is a question of the attitude of the state towards a person / citizen. They say they will pay one hundred rubles per liter \\ kilowatt - they will pay. So is that the norm ?? Is that how it should be ??
In addition: garbage collection is the responsibility of the administration / municipality. This without the knowledge of laws should be clear. Otherwise, the products of decay and decay in garbage dumps and landfills will lead to the appearance of rats and to epidemics in the future.
Overhaul. The idea is absurd. Make compulsory contributions for capital repairs, which will begin in twenty to thirty years. Yeah. Well, who else is doing this? Not everyone will survive ... 
Well, the so-called “common house property” (ODI) does not belong to us !! the share of each owner is not calculated, is not fixed on paper, is not taxed. Because it is not ours! And on this very ODI almost all payment for housing and communal services is under construction.
Each window pays for utilities. And each window is paid from the federal budget !! each square meter is paid from the federal budget !! Countrywide!! What is demanded from us for allegedly rendered services is extortion (Article 163 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation).
And the paradox is that when we pay for some mythical tariff services that no one can explain to the average person, we are measured and counted by the square meters of our housing, although, according to their own rules, we must pay for the share, and still inside the apartment we do everything at our own expense. Where is the logic?? We pay, pay, pay, and in return ..? And who said that it is our money that pays for the maintenance of the house? The fact that beyond the threshold of our apartment does not belong to us! Therefore, we should not pay! This is not ours !!
Leaving an apartment \\ house without a life-supporting resource is a criminal offense. Imagine: a family cut off from the light. There is no way to cook your own food, as the stove is electric. Food in the fridge is bad. And, perhaps, medicines are stored there, on the acceptance of which life depends on time. There is no possibility to wash either. And no way to wash - the water heater does not work. The state cannot put a citizen / person in such lifeless conditions. Therefore, there are no similar articles in the Civil Code !!! reference to Government Decisions is not allowed in this case, since in the hierarchy of legislation of the Russian Federation Government Decisions are below federal laws, and all codes are federal laws - for those who do not know. Enlighten. And bring common sense to the masses.
And what is cynicism: there is no money to pay - penalties are also charged. After a certain period, the resource is "limited". For example, they put a stub on the sewer. Also charge a fee for the "rent" stub. And after that, pay for dismantling. Cynicism rolls over ...
Disabling a life-supporting resource is a series of criminal offenses, according to the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation: Art. 357 Genocide - in relation to the social group “indigenous population”, Art. 205 Terrorism, Art. 281 Diversion, Art. 125 Abandonment - abandonment without a life-supporting resource, Art. 30 Preparation for a crime and attempted crime, art. 215.1 Termination or restriction of the supply of electrical energy or disconnection from other sources of livelihood, Art. 215.2 Depreciation of life support facilities, Art. 167 Deliberate destruction or damage to property, Art. 25 Crime committed intentionally, Art. 35 The commission of a crime by a group of persons, a group of persons by prior conspiracy, an organized group or a criminal community (criminal organization). This is an incomplete list. For an introduction to the course of affairs.
Everything is so bad, what to do? ..
Yes, it’s not so bad. There is where to rock the boat. We remind you: the Russian Federation is a social state, according to the Constitution.
Yes, most people don’t fit in their heads, they cannot think so broadly: that there is a two-way connection, that not only we have to pay, which, it turns out, is possible for the “other” side to demand something. As soon as one of the slaves begins to rebel, the others immediately snarl in reply with telephrases: “Pay!”.
To break out of this “pay for everything” slavery, one must begin to study the laws. It is not so difficult as it seems. The system rests on two things: “ignorance” and “fear”, and they are interconnected.
We must start with the Constitution. A thin book worth about thirty rubles can very dramatically change your life: you will learn about your rights!
Get rid of stereotypes. Not only lawyers have the right to read codes and laws. This is information for everyone! It is not necessary to have \\ receive any legal education or ask someone for permission to read laws, study law. This is everyone’s right.
So pay or not pay for utilities? Not this way. Give or DO NOT give. Debts for housing and communal services DO NOT EXIST !!
And who are these so-called "management companies"? Usually an LLC with an authorized capital of ten thousand rubles. What is registered capital? The authorized capital is the amount that can be expressed by any property (for example, a stool or pen), which the legal entity is responsible to the creditor. That is, by default, all UOs (managing organizations; there is no such concept as a “managing company” in the legislation) are bankrupt. How can they manage a multi-million dollar housing stock? And on the basis of what do they supposedly manage our homes? Allegedly - because in fact the majority of UOs do not manage anything, but simply collect tribute from the residents. As a rule, they were chosen by absentee ballot (it’s convenient!), The signatures are false, nobody saw these voting sheets in my eyes ... Most important: any relationship based on money should be sealed by an agreement that sets out the main provisions, rights and obligations parties, well, and other terms of cooperation. UO supposedly provide us with services. However, when we ask for documents confirming that we owe someone something, it turns out that UO has no obligations, but only one, and we have something to pay. Because we are the owners. Again, everything comes down to tribute. Slave, pay. Silently. In housing legislation, everything that is inherent in other types of business is ignored: an agreement, an act of completion, accounting documents, live signatures on documents, seals ... They do not owe anything. Only we must. For the fact that they dared to have their own housing. But outright extortion. Well, what else can I call it? To demand money without legal grounds is extortion. Documents are being sought across the country for one purpose: to document what we pay for. And no one shows the documents. For example, such as: contracts with all organizations that are hired to service the home. Secret. The requirement to sign the numbers is ignored. Nobody puts a signature anywhere. Only on reciprocal replies. Well, why? What is this: put your signature on the document? They know that the signature will testify in the future against them. Because they know what they want under the articles of the criminal code.
No documents. Then what to pay for? Based on what? It turns out that there is no reason. One has only to start asking the other side, in response, an evil hiss: “Slave, pay. Silently. " To starve, to cut oneself in personal expenses, but to pay is a lack of self-esteem.
In general, when you already understand that the entire housing and communal services system is built in such a way that even if you really, really want to, you won’t be able to work honestly. The legislation is like that. And housing and communal services consists of such areas that cannot be regulated. And so many things have been invented ... and counters, and calibration of meters, and wastewater ... Well, it’s impossible to take all this into account and put it in order at the expense of UO and the owners. Therefore, the state has committed itself. It used to be. There was an established system. Now how? You don’t even know where and whom to call, if suddenly the crane burst. No one wants to answer for anything.
And payments are growing. There are many services there. Only no one saw them in their eyes and did not receive them in their hands. There are also particularly inventive: heated towel rail or insurance. So, without our knowledge, they assigned personal accounts to us, they enter the services they want. On the shoulders of the owners shift all the problems of the country. They also threaten to turn on street lighting. Seriously. The only thing missing is the “over the air” line.
You don’t have to be lawyers here to understand that they will milk us until there is nothing to eat. And when there is nothing to eat ... and this is not their problem. In general, all the problems are only ours ...
Well, where are these lawyers ?? Well, they’re so smart, they got diplomas ... Well, why didn’t any of them try for the good of the country? The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, for example, sent a request to the Minister of the Interior Kolokoltsev on compliance with the law, which explained that disabling life-saving resources was a criminal offense. Fulfillment of the requirement applies to all residents of the country; we tried for everyone. We have done what those who are entrusted with caring for us — that is, the state — should do. But the State Housing Inspectorates, Administrations firmly stand on the protection of various legal entities, and do not hide it. It seems in proportion.
And when it is already obvious that there is no one to pay and for what, what next? Fight. Not so complicated. Like-minded and associates full of complete. You just have to start. First of all, you fight for yourself, your family and your money. Do not give for utilities - this is a matter of self-esteem. It’s scary not to pay. And to give a fifth, a quarter, or even a third from what you have earned, then what is it called? If you understand everything and continue to give, then you must honestly admit to yourself: "I am paying off the bandits, buying peace." “I can’t manage my salary myself.” "I can not afford to decide how and what to spend earned."
So the Committee of Public Control was created in our Trade Union. Goals and objectives: verification, including the courts, police, government agencies. Next in line are management organizations. So hold on! We want to see contracts and accounting, first of all. And also check the authenticity of signatures on various kinds of correspondence decisions. All documentation will be sent to the appropriate authorities. Well, for all to see. To let everyone know. Enough secrets already ...
Yes, and stop complaining already. It's time to take control of the situation. A lot of good laws that are for us. We must not whine, but start using them. As well as their rights. But everyone tells us about responsibilities, but forgot about rights ... If the state has forgotten about its functions, we will recall. They do not honor the Constitution - they will abide by it forcibly. And we will help!
Summing up: to pay for housing and communal services - bad manners.
Are tenants required to pay capital repair fund contributions?
Yes, it is an obligation. Payment is not imputed only to owners of housing belonging to the emergency fund and certain categories of citizens recognized as socially least protected.
And the notorious Definition No. A-57-APG14-2 of June 4, 2014, referred to, in no way cancels the provisions of the law, it is only an answer to the question of the legality of the regional operator’s fund. And about what powers he has.
And that you need to pay for the overhaul, without any rumors it is said in the federal legislation of the Russian Federation, which has not yet lost power.
Who has the right not to pay?
Who is not obliged to pay for the overhaul of the common property in the MKD? There are such “castes” (Federal Law No. 399-FZ of 12.29.15). Overhaul fees for homeowners are not required for:
Some citizens will be reimbursed expenses up to 50%: these are disabled people of groups 1 and 2, pensioners over 70 years old (single or living in a family only from persons of retirement age), disabled children and those who have a disabled child.
Separately, it is worth mentioning the owners of apartments in new buildings. The law does not say anything about them and does not single out it into the category of “legal defaulters”.
Although in their case, it will be about repair no earlier than in five to ten years. Are homeowners required to pay for major repairs if the building, which for one reason or another needs repair, is “younger” than 5 years old? In this case, all the work to restore the new apartment building is assigned to the construction company.
Not paying will not work, but there is every reason to hope that their situation will be taken into account by lawmakers.
We look at the provisions of the law
Is overhaul payment mandatory or voluntary? Just a couple of years ago, these contributions were indeed voluntary.
In 2014 (from July 1), amendments were made to Federal Law No. 271-FZ. In particular, article 13 was “adorned” with clause 8.2, and it just implies minimum contributions for overhaul.
Is the law perfect? At the moment, fuzziness is really striking, for example, the lack of a boundary between maintenance and overhaul.
That is, in practice, of course, everyone understands the difference in terminology - current repairs are minor corrections, such as painting, plastering, repair of structures. The major includes already larger-scale works - structural improvements, restoration of worn parts, etc.
But the fact of the matter is that the column in payments from utilities is called "current repair". But the residents are already paying for it, and therefore they are indignant: why are they obliged to pay more ?!
In fact, only fuzzy language of the law should be indignantwhich can not always be correctly understood right away. In fact, the money will go to intended for this purpose.
The trouble is that the border between maintenance and overhaul is often very arbitrary.
Another reason for the dissatisfaction of the inhabitants of the houses - This is folding money into what they think is a “common pot”. That is, there are two “piggy banks”:
- special account of a separate building (set in coordination with the meeting of homeowners);
- account of the regional operator.
It is clear that the last “piggy bank” is more voluminous and contributions from many houses are received there. Is it mandatory to pay to the capital repair fund, because many absolutely rightly do not want to pay for other people's repairs?
But according to the authorities, this should not be feared - a strict record is kept of all incoming tranches and not a single house will be repaired at the expense of the other.
The size of trenches in different regions of Russia also varies. Its size is influenced by many nuances, for example, how old the building is, what material it is built from, whether it has an elevator or not, etc.
No down payment and no payment after down payment: is there a difference?
Contributions are preliminary., work will be done when the required amount is accumulated in the account. HOA can completely take this process into their own hands and open their own account.
True, there is one “but” - if the term approaches, but it turns out that there are no funds, the owners will have to take a loan from the bank.
Are we obligated to pay for major repairs of the house if there is no contract? There is also such an opinion: if the contract has not been signed and the first payment has not been made (it is it that is an effective confirmation of the party about the existence of contractual relations), then there is no need to pay.
At the same time, they refer to article 425 of the Civil Code governing the adoption of the contract.
Article 425. Validity of the contract
- The contract comes into force and becomes binding on the parties from the moment of its conclusion.
- The parties shall have the right to establish that the conditions of the agreement concluded by them apply to their relations that arose before the conclusion of the agreement, unless otherwise provided by law or follows from the essence of the relevant relationship.
- A law or contract may stipulate that the expiration of a contract entails the termination of the obligations of the parties to the contract.
An agreement in which there is no such condition shall be deemed valid until the time specified in it for the parties to fulfill their obligation. - The expiration of the contract does not relieve the parties from liability for its violation.
I would like to, but in fact, everything again rests on the notorious Federal Law No. 271-FZ and.
It is they, and not the contract, who dictate to the owners of apartments whether to pay or not. The legal acts clearly spell out the need for payment.
After the law was passed, eight months were allotted for the apartment owners to decide at the general meeting to whom they would transfer contributions to the regional operator or to the special account of their building.
Because it is precisely the general meeting of owners that is the governing body of the house (Article 44 of the LC), but is not the last resort.
If the decision is not made, it's okay - A regional account already exists and is kindly provided by the municipality.
Is it mandatory to pay for overhaul? As you can see, the question "can you not pay" is not worth it at all - to pay for repairs required by law. The choice is "where to transfer contributions" - and here the owners are given a certain freedom of action.
Is it worth paying or not?
It’s worth it if you don’t want troubles - it’s at first (because only fear of punishment can force many citizens to abide by established rules).
And secondlyIt’s worth it if you want to live in a house suitable for living - after all, all tranches are strictly taken into account and house repairs are being carried out at their expense.
So, it turns out that citizens do not pay the Management Company, but to themselves.
Effects
Unfavorable:
- a gradually dilapidated building (living in it is not only unpleasant, but sometimes unsafe. Few people want to enter the elevator and wonder whether it will safely reach the desired floor or not);
- notifications from the Management Company;
- delay in payments and interest charges;
- trial.
The size of penalties will depend on what tariffs are set in a particular region.
Separately, mention should be made of how the Management Company can react. Public utilities have the right to notify the debtor of overdue contributions (an official document, by post with notification of signature), and then apply sanctions.
This includes disabling utilities. Moreover the presence of minor children will not be an obstacle.
And the measures will follow (paragraph 80 of the Rules for the provision of public services). Up to the "heavy artillery" (lawsuit demanding eviction), because according to the statement of the Deputy Minister of Construction and Housing and Public Utilities A. Chibis, the situation was almost desperate.
About one quarter of Russians do not consider it necessary to comply with the requirements of the law on mandatory contributions for major repairs. Whether the authorities are allowed to disobey the law is a rhetorical question.
Therefore, when asking yourself the question: “Am I obligated to pay to the capital repair fund of the house?”, Think again and here’s what - the best way to avoid non-payment problems - this is not to allow her.
For this it is necessary to realize that even though the wording of the law may be far from perfect, but you pay in any case to yourself and only to yourself - for a comfortable and safe stay.
Filling out receipts every month, many property owners have a question: what do we pay money for and is it possible to somehow reduce our expenses.
Sometimes it’s enough to study the utility bill more carefully so that in the column “Total” it will be 10, or even 20% less.
If you ask the average Russian citizen about what the utility bill consists of, he will hardly name two or three points. However, in addition to light, hot and cold water supply, heating, there is also a payment for residential wastewater, electricity (including common areas of the house). Having studied the payment in detail, you can find an invoice for the payment of the "radio point", which was last listened to by grandparents for the last time. And how long have you last talked not on a cell phone, but on a home phone?
What we pay for and why such prices
The payment for a dwelling includes services for the management of a dwelling house, its maintenance and overhaul, as well as payments of tenants under a social employment contract. The owners of premises at a general meeting, based on the legislative framework, determine tariff rates. In other words, the owners of the apartment themselves control the level of payment.
As mentioned above, utilities include heat, water, gas, electricity, and sanitation. The final amount is calculated at the established rate based on the amount of resources consumed, which are determined either using metering devices or standards. Also do not forget about subsidies.
Free legal advice:
Tariffs of communal complexes are regulated by special bodies whose task is to justify prices in terms of economic profitability at the time of setting prices. “Climate features, infrastructure development, fuel prices, staff salaries, etc. have a direct impact on the cost of utilities. It also includes the costs necessary to provide goods and services to consumers, ”says Alexey Shmonov, general director of the real estate portal Move.su.
How to save on payments
First, you need to determine what services you never use and what you can refuse. We are talking, for example, about the same radio channel that was previously installed in every house. But interestingly, the “outlet” is not always working, units have a radio, and almost everyone pays for it. The tariff rate is actually small, but, as they say, a penny saves the ruble.
To refuse this service, the owner of the apartment must independently apply for the removal of the radio point. Documents proving ownership, a passport and the latest receipt for payment for services may be required. The shutdown is paid, it occurs after the receipt of payment for the services of an electrician is provided by the applicant. Be sure to take a certificate in which it will be indicated that you no longer need to pay for the radio broadcast from the next month.
Among the "unnecessary" services you can find a collective television antenna, the cost of which can be up to 70 rubles per month. This must be done if the apartment has a satellite dish, cable, or everyone watches TV through the Internet. With a statement, you need to contact the television broadcast network that serves your home. It is necessary to provide papers on the right of ownership, a passport, as well as receipts, which confirm that the applicant has no arrears in payment. In this case, again, you will need to pay for the shutdown (electrician services). Upon completion of work, a certificate is issued, it must be provided to the organization through which utility bills are paid.
The second thing to do in the near future is to install water and gas meters in your apartment. Especially if you think you pay more than you consume. Most of those who decided on individual meters, as a result, save up to 30% on payments. They pay off in a couple of years. And the point is not that homeowners and tenants begin to save water, constantly turn off taps and prevent them from using the extra liter at home. It’s just that the number of people that is registered does not always live in the apartment. The fee in this case is charged not on the number of registered persons, but on cubes of consumed water and gas.
Free legal advice:
As for light, you can save on double tariff meters. So, for "night kilowatts" the fee will be lower than for those spent during the day. It is convenient for those who work from morning until evening and at home appears after 18.00.
Peak power consumption occurs in the morning (from 6.00 to 10.00) and evening (from 19.00 to 23.00). Old single-rate meters are considered at the same rate, regardless of the time of day. Their big drawback is that they do not always correctly show the energy consumption. Two-tariff at the indicated time switch and consider at a tariff that is advantageous for most residents of Russia. Plus, they are more accurate. It is advantageous to install them both in apartments with gas stoves, and with electric ones. Saving per month is more. It pays off on average in two to three years.
Thirdly, if you travel frequently or have recently returned from a long trip, ask for a recalculation. According to the law, in the absence of an apartment for more than five consecutive days, you can apply for a recount of the communal fee. If there are no meters for water and gas, for the specified period no fee will be charged for these services. The same applies to sewer fees, trash and elevator. This does not apply to maintenance and heating. If the apartment is not privatized, then in any case you will have to pay for the rent.
Of course, one "honest word" will not be enough. It is necessary to provide documents confirming the absence, namely: a certificate stating that you were on a business trip from a certain date, a hospital, a certificate from a travel agency, etc. official papers about staying elsewhere. You may also need tickets, certificates of temporary registration at another address.
Fourth, you can try to get a subsidy. It is issued if the family’s income is less than the state minimum subsistence level or if most of the family budget is spent on housing and communal services. For example, in St. Petersburg the maximum allowable share is about 14%.
Free legal advice:
You must confirm your right to a subsidy twice a year, otherwise it will cease to be valid and you will need to pay the full amount. Please note: tariffs do not change, just compensation for expenses is paid. In this case, you need to make payments regularly, without delays of more than two months.
Benefits are provided to certain categories of Russian citizens, including people with disabilities, military personnel and large families. Rural health workers and teachers also receive benefits.
Compensation for repairs: who owes whom
For unrepresented services or services of inadequate quality, no one is required to pay. This also applies to utility bills. If for a month there were problems with water supply for more than 8 hours (not necessarily in a row), with electricity - two, gas supply - four, more than a day with heating (we are talking about the heating period) or the voltage in the network was below normal, you can demand compensation.
To prove their case, violations must be recorded. As soon as one of the services is not provided, you need to call the emergency service and leave a request. Require the reference number, name of the dispatcher or the position of the person who answered the call. He is obliged to write about the problem in a special journal, indicate the reason. You can apply for a certificate with which you need to go to the utility provider and ask for a recalculation.
“Please note: if maintenance work is carried out and the water is turned off even for two weeks, you should not hope for a refund. The fact is that these works are already included in the tariff plan and compensation was initially included in monthly payments, ”recalls Alexey Shmonov, general director of the real estate portal Move.su.
Free legal advice:
What is not included in the "communal"? It is necessary to distinguish between utility bills and the maintenance of the common property of an apartment building. ” If in the first case, roughly speaking, you need to pay for what you use in the apartment and the house, then in the second case we are talking about lighting the local area and common areas, export sewage.
Car parking or central heating
At one time, many decided to switch to autonomous heating of apartments. However, heat supply companies have long opposed autonomy in high-rise buildings. According to them, it is unsafe for the life of people living in the house. On the other hand, if the system is installed correctly, there will be no heating problems. Plus, the apartment will be much warmer, since you can independently set the desired temperature in the room. Pleasure is not the cheapest (more than 100 thousand rubles), but it is more likely a benefit in convenience. Further payments will be made on gas meters.
If there is no free money yet, you can install heat meters on the batteries. But you will have to spend a lot of time before they give permission for such work in the housing and communal services. Plus, the purchase of equipment and the services of a specialist who will supply meters will cost a lot. Please note: you will have to pay for central heating, as before. But if the room temperature is below normal, you can claim compensation.
Payment Rules
Before each payment is made, you need to calculate everything yourself. There are frequent cases when housing companies make mistakes. It's not that they want to trick consumers. It’s just that sometimes the program malfunctions, and the human factor has not been canceled. In this case, an application for a refund or recalculation is written in the name of the head of the organization.
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Community educational program: what we pay for
To understand all the intricacies of communal charges today is really not very simple. In addition, legislation in the field of housing and communal services is constantly changing: either the population is required to install individual meters, or they are obligated to pay for common house needs.
Today we will try to figure out what the bills for energy resources are made up of and answer, it would seem, a simple question: so what are we paying for?
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Composition Analysis
Before proceeding directly to the accounts, let's figure out what they add up to. For this you need to focus on the key points of the calculations.
We can pay for light, gas, water or heat based on two criteria: either according to the readings of metering devices, or according to approved standards. There is also the concept of average monthly consumption, but about it a little later.
If the homeowner does not have an individual resource meter, he can be said to be charged with some fixed consumption according to the norm. A person may consume more or less of the quantities indicated in it, but this will not affect the final figures in the receipt. You only need to multiply the standard by the current tariff, and then by the number of people living in the apartment to get the final amount.
If individual metering devices are installed, then the receipt, as a rule, comes with the last paid indication already filled. If the dwelling is equipped with individual metering devices, then in the current month the consumer pays for the resource according to the current readings, which he can transfer in any way available to him (the methods for transmitting readings are indicated on the receipt). Thus, the calculation of the fee depends on the honesty of the owners regarding the timeliness of information transfer and its compliance with the readings of metering devices. At least until the counter check.
So far, the circuit looks simple. However, 2012, when the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 354 “On the provision of utilities to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and apartment houses” came into force, somewhat complicated the system of utility bills. It was then that the concept of common-house needs came into our everyday life. It did not enter immediately, not everywhere, with adjustments to the deadlines for installing common house meters and payment standards in their absence.
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In accordance with Federal Law No. 261, owners of premises in apartment buildings were obliged to equip them with common house metering devices by July 1, 2012. Then the term was extended until January 1, 2013. However, neither the residents were in a hurry to install quite expensive equipment, nor the management companies, although they themselves could choose both the contractor and the supplier, agree on an estimate ... As a result, from this moment on, the ODPU are required to establish resource-supplying organizations. Forced. However, it is still at the expense of the residents.
Note that in new buildings erected in recent years, such metering devices are already installed. Otherwise, according to the current legislation, they simply could not be put into operation. The situation with older residential buildings is more complicated. Here, all common house appliances and components have to be installed “from scratch”, so the usual receipts for water and heat suddenly replenished with impressive figures for their installation and commissioning. The latter fact caused a flurry of indignation on the part of consumers: "Why should we pay for what we did not ask for ?!"
As a rule, resource-supplying organizations become the main “respondents of cuffs,” although they did not come up with a federal law on energy conservation. These enterprises themselves were not too happy with the additional load. Therefore, objectively, they are right when, with questions about the appropriateness and legality of the installation of the ODPU, they are sent dissatisfied directly to the State Duma. After all, here it is not the utility policy that needs to be changed, but the legislation. As long as it is what it is, we are all obligated to pay for common house expenses and have appropriate metering devices in houses.
Common house needs are considered simple: the total consumption according to the testimony of individual metering devices and according to the norm (in rooms not equipped with individual metering devices) is subtracted from the readings of the common house metering device. The resulting difference is distributed between all the rooms in the apartment building in proportion to the total area of \u200b\u200bthe premises. The number of residents does not matter.
Let's start with a simple one - with gas supply. In the gas receipt, the line “common house needs” is not provided, because the Federal Law on Energy Saving does not provide for the installation of common house gas meters. Therefore, consumers receive bills only for individual expenses inside an apartment or a private house.
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As explained by the head of the subscriber department of Gazprom Mezhregiongaz Pskov LLC Svetlana Nikolaeva, the majority of subscribers in the Pskov region are on direct agreements with a regional gas company, therefore they receive bills on behalf of this organization.
According to the tariff approved last year, the cost of gas sold to the population is 5.08 rubles. per cube m. These figures will be relevant until July 1 of the current year.
For those who use gas without individual metering devices, the region has approved resource consumption standards. They are quite variable and take into account the presence of a geyser, gas heating equipment, the need for heating non-residential premises and other points.
So for an apartment in which the gas equipment has only a stove (in the presence of centralized hot water supply), the standard is 12.0 cubic meters. m / person per month, and in the presence of a gas stove and gas heater (in the absence of a central hot water supply) - 34.0 cubic meters. m / person per month. Thus, a family of three, living in Khrushchev’s city with a stove and a column for heating water, will pay a monthly gas receipt with a sum of 518.16 rubles.
If a gas meter is installed in the apartment, then it will be necessary to pay for it in accordance with the readings of the meter, regardless of the number of residents. Of course, this option is much more economical in terms of monthly expenses. In practice, the same family of three, with only one gas stove and centralized hot water supply, can consume no more than 5-6 cubic meters per month instead of the imputed 36 cubic meters of gas.
However, the cost of installing such a device is not cheap, and the term for which it will pay off is difficult to name. Depending on the manufacturer and the brand of the device, as well as the place of its acquisition, the cost of gas meters is from 1000 rubles and above. Then you will need to pay for its installation, the cost of standard work averages from 1800 to 2200 rubles. If you need to carry out welding work, then the cost of installation will increase and may amount to 3,000 or 6,000 rubles, depending on the complexity. But this is not all, the cost of the consumed materials will be added to these sums based on the results of the work performed. As practice shows, even 4000 rubles of the total amount will be difficult to meet.
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By the way, the presence of a gas meter is not always mandatory. “Initially, federal law provided that each owner must install a gas meter in his apartment before January 1, 2015, but at the end of last year the legislation changed. Now, this obligation applies only to those whose maximum consumption exceeds 2 cubic meters per hour. That is, if a consumer in an apartment with gas equipment has only a stove, then he doesn’t have to install a meter, but if a gas column is also installed, then the obligation remains, ”Svetlana Nikolaeva clarified.
Since these corrections have appeared recently, gas meters are installed by default in new buildings, because earlier this was a mandatory requirement. In the light of current innovations, it formally turns out that from now on developers can not install such devices.
Perhaps an additional motivation for installing meters will be the introduction of increasing coefficients, but so far they are not provided for by current legislation.
Gazprom Mezhregiongaz Pskov emphasizes that the readings of individual meters should be checked periodically. For this, the owner must let a specialist into the apartment. Both the technical health of the device and the presence of the human factor are checked. Among the Pskov people there are many who provide incorrect data, and there are also enough “Kulibins” who want to trick the device. As a rule, such inspections are carried out annually. If the owner does not let the specialist into the apartment, then this is an occasion to apply for access to court.
If the consumer does not maliciously give the readings of metering devices or the meter is sent for verification or repair, then within three months the gas consumption will be calculated according to average monthly indicators (data for the year are taken). However, even if after this the owner continues not to provide information about the evidence, then it will be forcibly, starting from the 4th month, transferred to the standard. Since individual gas meters can significantly save money, it’s at least unreasonable to switch to the standard.
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By the way, meter readings can be reported both by phone and through the official website of the resource supplying organization in your account, moreover, you can also make a payment there. It is surprising that with a sufficiently high level of Internet access in Pskov, few use the site's facilities.
The situation with the charging of electricity charges is relatively safe. The thing is that both individual and common house metering devices for this type of resource are mostly installed in common areas, and not in apartments, which allows you to clearly control consumption and makes the situation as transparent as possible.
Installation of common house electricity meters also went quite calmly. Largely due to the fact that the energy supply organization installed them on their own, and not at the expense of consumers. The organization considered that the installation of such equipment is beneficial primarily for themselves, since it allows not only to monitor energy consumption in the field, but also to quickly identify losses.
Tariffs for electric energy for the population are approved annually by order of the Pskov Region State Committee on Tariffs and Energy, as is the case with other energy resources. Today, the tariff for the urban population is - 3.53 rubles / kWh for ordinary housing and 2.47 rubles / kWh for houses with electric stoves, electric heating. From July 1, it will grow to 3.79 rubles / kWh and 2.84 rubles / kWh, respectively.
The tariff, differentiated by the zones of the day, is a rather exotic thing and is not in great demand. It differs in that in the daytime the population is offered one tariffication, and at night it is more advantageous. It is interesting, first of all, to residents of private houses, which at night heat the house with electricity.
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In new homes, meters already support multi-tariff metering, so if the owner so wishes, you can switch to a differentiated tariff. But, as a rule, for the bulk of the population this is unprofitable. Such a tariff may be suitable only for a bachelor leading a nocturnal lifestyle.
By the way, if the meter was installed by a third-party organization, then in any case, employees of Pskovenergoagent must check and seal it, otherwise you will have to pay at not very favorable standards. The same thing will happen if the consumer refuses to report the meter when it is installed in his apartment (this is found in old houses) or in a private house, and specialist controllers do not have direct access to them.
Well, if a person does not pay for the light, then the order is strict. After three months of non-payment of receipts, he will be handed a notice of possible disconnection against signature. If he does not respond and the debt does not pay off, then he will be disconnected from the network. To reconnect, you will have to pay not only the debt, but also the disconnection / connection work.
With regard to general household needs, as explained by the press secretary of Pskovenergosbyt OJSC Andrei Fedorov, these include lighting, elevators, intercoms, television antenna amplifiers, sometimes water pumps or central heating. They are calculated traditionally: individual readings are subtracted from the readings of the common house meter. Then, common house consumption is signed for all homeowners in proportion to the area they occupy.
“According to the common-house meter, we see how much electricity we gave to the house, and the management company is already engaged in apartment-based calculations. At the same time, we have no practice of taking money for an absent tenant from all over the house, ”he added.
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If the residents are frankly surprised by the testimony of the ODPU, then you need to contact the management company with a request. There can be many options: someone could unauthorizedly connect to the common house network and actually steal electricity, or, perhaps, repairs were carried out in the house, again at the expense of the general electricity network.
Cold water and sanitation
The State Committee of the Pskov Region for Tariffs and Energy in the Field of Cold Water Supply, Sanitation for 2015 approved the following tariffs: for cold water - 20.95 rubles / cubic meter. m (from July 1 - 22.73 rubles per cubic meter), for water disposal 17.26 rubles per cubic meter. m (from July 1 - 18.73 rubles / cubic m).
The standards of cold water consumption and sanitation adopted in our region differ significantly depending on the improvement of a residential building. The presence or absence of a bathtub, sewage or hot water supply, as well as other factors affect the calculations. So, for an apartment building equipped with centralized cold and hot water supply, sanitation, bathtubs and showers, the water standard is 4.86 cubic meters. m / month per person, and for the disposal of hot and cold water - 8.4 cubic meters. m / month per person If the house does not have a sewage system or hot water, then consumption standards will be 2.4 cubic meters. m / month per person only in cold water.
Payment according to the standards is carried out if the owner’s apartment is not equipped with individual metering devices. If such meters are installed, then according to the indications, the volume of delivered and recycled water will be paid for them.
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It is possible to argue about the efficiency of water meters for a long time, to cite a lot of arguments for and against. In any case, for the luxury of a leaking toilet or a tap left in the bathroom, the owners of the devices will have to fork out. As a matter of fact, this is precisely what the main idea of \u200b\u200binstalling such devices is to teach the population how to properly use natural resources. There is no additional motivation for this for consumers, the current legislation in this sense is still quite loyal. However, it will not work to pass a new building without such metering devices, so in all new homes they exist by default.
Household needs for cold water - this is all that is spent on washing the entrances, washing the networks, discharges. If there is a common house metering device, its readings are multiplied by the tariff. Then, the payments of citizens made both by the testimony of apartment counters and by the norm are deducted. The remaining difference, in accordance with the established calculation procedure, is the common house needs that are scattered among the residents of the house in accordance with their share in the common property. All these numbers are indicated on the receipt.
The main reason why residents are frightened by the “huge” amounts wound up by a common house meter is the so-called unaccounted for citizens. If the payment for utilities is charged according to the standard per person, and in fact three people live in the apartment, then the water consumed by them will fall on the shoulders, or rather, on the purses of the neighbors. If there are more than one or two apartments at the entrance, then there is no difference in any standards.
Unfortunately, the unfair distribution of common house needs can also be affected by liars who are “chemists” with water meters in their apartment. Whether they put “magnets”, whether they zero out evidence illegally or simply transmit false data, all these points can affect the pockets of neighbors. Gorvodokanal or management companies are fighting against such violators to the best of their ability. The fact is that the specialists of these organizations should periodically check the counters, both in terms of the operability of the device and in terms of the relevance of the readings. To let them inside the apartment is the responsibility of every tenant. If the owner refuses to let the inspectors in, they are given an order, thereby officially warning, next time it will turn out that the water will be counted according to the norm, regardless of any individual metering devices.
But in the case of "rubber" apartments, Gorvodokanal is no longer an assistant. Here management companies should be dealt with, and even better, the Council of Residents. Who else but the neighbors of the entrance should know in which apartments there are unsecured tenants. If the persuasion does not work, then in principle the Criminal Code can even decide on the compulsory collection of bills according to the norm from one or another living space.
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In the absence of a common house metering device, the equation is somewhat simpler, the ONE standards apply. However, in our region they have not yet been approved, therefore, in fact, in the absence of such a device, payment is not made.
Heating and hot water
The State Committee for Tariffs and Energy in the Pskov Region for 2015 approved the following heating tariffs: 1473.54 rubles / Gcal (from July 1, 78 rubles / Gcal). The tariff for hot water consists of two components: the supplied cold water for heating (heat carrier) - 20.95 rubles per cubic meter. m and its heating (heat energy) - 1473.54 rubles / Gcal. From July 1, it will amount to 22.73 rubles per cubic meter. m and 1,598.78 rubles / Gcal, respectively.
It should be noted that for houses with open water from heating systems other tariffs apply, they can be clarified on the website of the State Committee on Tariffs.
As explained in the state committee of the Pskov region for construction and housing supervision, individual heat meters for our city are exotic. Occasionally they are found in the area. Install them in our homes do not allow the technical features of the heating system. Therefore, the cost of heat is calculated only according to the standards or according to the indications of a common house metering device, which, since last year, the Pskov Heat Network began to install in multi-apartment buildings of the city.
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In the case of the norm, the heating fee is considered as follows: the tariff for thermal energy (rubles /. Gcal) is taken and multiplied by the consumption standard (Gcal / sq. M). The established standard for individual apartments for heating today is 0.0133 Gcal / sq. m. Accordingly, the tariff for such premises will be - 19.60 rubles /. Gcal. It must be multiplied by the footage of the apartment to get the total amount in the receipt. So, for a two-room apartment 54 sq.m. - monthly heat payment will amount to 1058.40 rubles.
In the presence of common house accounting, meter readings are divided into all in proportion to the total area of \u200b\u200bthe occupied premises. If the house does not have a common house metering device, then residents pay according to the standard for 12 months, while if it is available, charges are made only during the heating period for 7 months, while the monthly fee for them is higher, but the total amount for the year may be less (depending on the outdoor temperature for the heating season and the type of house).
Charges for hot water are also made either according to the readings of the meters, or, if they are absent, in accordance with the standards, which vary depending on the degree of home improvement. For a typical apartment with all amenities, it is 3.53 cubic meters. m / month per person.
It should be understood that you also need to pay for the sewerage of hot water, again, either according to the norm (see above in the section of water disposal), or in accordance with the readings of the consumption meter.
Household metering devices are also installed for hot water. Although the concept of common house needs in this case seems doubtful, the Pskov Heating Networks explained that their installation is mandatory at the request of federal legislation on energy conservation. The common metering device allows you to compare the readings at the entrance to the house and inside the house, to identify leaks or unreliable meter readings.
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During the installation of the ODPU, residents lose hot water for a period of 2 to 4 hours, usually in the morning or in the afternoon with prior notice, so recalculation is not performed. In the case of heating, meters are installed at the end of the heating period; consumers do not even notice this.
The reasons for too high readings of common house appliances, the owners should look first of all inside their home, in the area of \u200b\u200btheir responsibility. Here again, the issue of "rubber" apartments and negligent users who do not disdain fraud with individual counters becomes relevant. Moreover, for deceivers and those who forget to report instrument readings on time, the same methods of influence apply: subpoenas and compulsory “transplantation” on the standards.
Trust but check
What if you do not agree with the numbers on the receipts? To begin with, make sure that you provide the information on the readings of the counters on time, perhaps you have made accruals according to the average readings. You can request a list of services and prices from the management company or the management of the HOA. If your home is on direct settlements, then you need to contact the resource supplying organization directly.
As the State Committee for Construction and Housing Supervision of the Pskov Region assured, according to the law, these organizations are required to provide comprehensive information at the request of consumers. Including justify the cost of installing common house metering devices. This question is especially relevant for Pskov today.
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It should be noted that personal surveys of residents at the cost of counters are usually erroneous. They do not take into account that, in addition to the common house metering device, a technically complex metering unit is mounted, which consists of many components: measuring instruments, calculators, sensors, etc. In addition, their installation is often associated with the replacement of leaky pipes. Firstly, installation of the device on old pipes is often simply impossible, and secondly, in this case, consumers do not have to pay for leaks.
If the explanations of the organizations responsible for utilities do not suit you, you can go to court. Also, you have the right at the general meeting of apartment owners to refuse the services of the management company and conclude an agreement with another. True, most of the owners should support your desire.
Alas, so far the procedure for charging fees for common needs due to the hasty introduction of the new system is imperfect. Neither the Housing Code, nor the decree of the Government of the Russian Federation oblige to pay for neighbors, but only for common house needs, but in practice it is the opposite. Yes, and tenants have no serious responsibility for the timely provision of meter readings. All this greatly complicates the life of both resource-supplying organizations and housemates. Looking forward to another reform in the housing and communal services?
based on PLN materials
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Housing and communal services. What do we pay for
Housing and communal services (housing and communal services) - a complex of sub-sectors, ensuring the functioning of the engineering infrastructure of various buildings of settlements, creating convenience and comfort
residence and stay of citizens in them by providing them with a wide range of housing and communal services.
Water supply - laying and repair of water pipes, water intake, purification and delivery of water to apartment buildings and industrial facilities, including for subsequent heating for the needs of hot water supply and heating.
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Sewerage - sewage disposal
Heat supply - ensuring the supply of hot water and heat to residents, ensuring the operation of boiler houses and thermal power plants. A malfunction can cause a fuel and energy crisis.
Capital repairs of buildings
Maintenance of internal communal engineering communications and systems (buildings)
Garbage collection, removal and disposal
Routine cleaning of common areas
Receipts shock St. Petersburgers. Compared to the summer period, the amount of utility bills has almost doubled. This is a consequence of charging heating and communal needs. Prices are rising not only in St. Petersburg, but throughout the country. Why are we forced to pay more? And where are the results from the insatiable tariff policy?
BASIC CONCEPTS IN HOUSING
Basic legislation governing housing and communal services
1. Housing Code of the Russian Federation;
2. Resolution of the Gosstroy of the Russian Federation of September 27, 2003 No. 170 “On approval of the Rules and norms of technical operation of the housing stock”;
3. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 05.23.2006 No. 307 “On the procedure for the provision of public services to citizens”;
4. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 13.08.2006 No. 491 “On approval of the rules for maintaining common property in an apartment building and the rules for changing the amount of fees for maintaining and repairing a residential building in the event of rendering services and performing work on managing, maintaining and repairing common property in an apartment building inadequate quality and (or) with interruptions exceeding the established duration ”;
5. The law of the Russian Federation of 07.02.1992 No. "On the Protection of Consumer Rights";
6. Law of the Russian Federation of 06.10.1999 No. 184-ФЗ “On the General Principles of Organization of Legislative (Representative) and Executive Bodies of State Power of the Subjects of the Russian Federation”;
7. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of September 26, 1994 No. 1086 “On the State Housing Inspection in the Russian Federation”;
8. Decree of the Government of St. Petersburg dated 30.12.2003 No. 175 “On the Housing Committee”;
9. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 30, 2004 No. 322 “On approval of the provision on the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being”;
10. Decree of the Government of St. Petersburg dated 08.26.2008 No. 1078 “On administrations of the districts of St. Petersburg”.
The most common violations in the housing sector
The most common violations in the housing sector are:
Illegal creation and activities of HOAs, Housing Companies, Housing and Utilities (violations during the general meetings of owners of residential premises, members of HOAs, Housing Companies, Housing and Utilities, including the election of the board, chairman of the board, leasing, reconstruction, overhaul and repair of the common property of apartment buildings when adopting charters that do not meet the requirements of the current legislation, etc.) - the observance of human rights and freedoms for these violations is carried out by the State Housing Inspectorate of St. Petersburg;
Failure (improper execution) by the managing organizations, Homeowners' Association, housing cooperatives, housing and communal services of the obligation to maintain the common property of apartment buildings (timely maintenance (scheduled preventive repairs), cleaning stairwells, adjoining territories, snow and garbage, disinsection, deratization, etc. .), preparation of the housing stock for the heating season - supervision of observance of human rights and freedoms for these violations is carried out within the competences: State Housing Inspectorate of St. Petersburg, territories the other departments of the Office of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being in St. Petersburg, the district administration;
Inclusion by management companies, homeowners associations, housing cooperatives, housing and communal services in the account of notifying unreasonable payments, including overstatement of tariffs for the maintenance of the common property of an apartment building and communal resources - supervision of observance of human rights and freedoms for these violations is carried out by: territorial departments of the Federal Service for Supervision Service in the field of consumer protection and human well-being in St. Petersburg;
Violation of citizens' rights to access information, the responsibility of disclosing which is entrusted to the managing organizations and organizations of the housing and communal complex - supervision of compliance with human rights and freedoms for these violations is carried out by the State Housing Inspectorate of St. Petersburg.
Monitoring and supervision in the housing sector is carried out by the State Housing Inspectorate of St. Petersburg (supervision of compliance by management organizations, HOAs, housing cooperatives, housing and communal services of the rules for the maintenance of common property of owners of premises in an apartment building, the procedure for providing utility services, requirements for assessing the compliance of residential buildings with energy efficiency and their equipment metering devices for energy resources used, timing and completeness of information disclosure, legality of creation, election of the HOA board, etc.), territorial departments of the Office of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being in St. Petersburg (supervision of compliance by managing organizations, HOAs, Housing Companies, Housing Companies with legislation on consumer protection, including when calculating housing and communal services, as well as the observance of sanitary and epidemiological rules and standards), the Housing Committee of St. Petersburg, district administrations (district housing agencies).
If you do not agree with the decision made at your request as a result of the audit, or if you believe that the audit was incomplete, you can appeal the actions of officials of the above departments by contacting a higher authority, the prosecutor's office and (or) the court.
The procedure for choosing or changing the method of managing an apartment building
Owners of premises in an apartment building in accordance with the norms of the RF LC at the general meeting of owners of premises, conducted in the manner established by Article.Article of the RF LC, are obliged to choose independently the most convenient way for them to manage their house:
1) direct management of the owners of premises in an apartment building;
2) management of a partnership of homeowners or a housing cooperative or other specialized consumer cooperative;
3) management of the managing organization.
(!) Why are they “obligated”? Because, together with the right to own property, an individual and a legal entity have obligations as well as responsibility for its improper maintenance so that this property does not harm the health or property of both the owner himself and the health and property of third parties .
Any general owner or group of owners of residential and non-residential premises, including representatives of the urban share of ownership in an apartment building, can initiate a general meeting of owners of premises, both on the choice of management method and on the issue of changing the method of managing an apartment building.
The general meeting is competent (has a quorum) if the owners of the premises in this house or their representatives with more than 50% of the total number of votes of the owners of the premises participated in it (Article 42 of the LC RF). The decision on the choice of the method of managing the apartment building is considered adopted if the owners of the premises, having more than 25% of the votes of the number who participated in the meeting, voted for it.
The decision of the general meeting on choosing a control method, adopted in the manner established by the RF LC, is binding on all owners of premises in an apartment building, even for those who did not vote or voted against.
The method of managing an apartment building can be changed at any time based on the decision of the owners of the premises of the apartment building.
The decision taken by the general meeting of owners of premises in this house in violation of the requirements of the RF LC, the owner of the premises in an apartment building is entitled to appeal only to a court.
Officials of the State Housing Inspectorate of Saint Petersburg who exercise state housing supervision on the territory of the city are entitled to appeal to the court with the application to invalidate the decision taken by the general meeting of owners of premises in an apartment building in violation of the requirements of the RF Housing Code.
Only the owner of the premises in the apartment building and only in court can appeal the decision of the general meeting of owners of the premises of the apartment building if he did not participate in this meeting or voted against such a decision and if such a decision violated his rights and legitimate interests.
An application for appeal of a decision of the general meeting of owners of the premises of an apartment building may be filed with the court within 6 months (!) From the day when the said owner knew or should have known about the decision.
For persons who missed the procedural period established by federal law for reasons recognized by the court as valid, the missed period can be restored (Article 112 of the Code of Civil Procedure of the Russian Federation).
If the court does not restore the deadlines for appealing against the decision made by the general meeting of owners of premises in an apartment building, any owner of the premises in the house who does not agree with this decision has the right to hold a new meeting to vote on the cancellation of the decision made at the previous meeting.
If the owners of the premises of the apartment building within the stipulated time have not exercised the right to choose the method of managing the apartment building or their decision has not been implemented, then according to part 4 of Art. 161 of the RF Housing Code, executive authorities hold an open tender for the selection of a managing organization for managing an apartment building according to the procedure defined by the Rules for an open tender for selecting a managing organization for managing an apartment building, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 02.02.2006 No. 75.
An open tender is also held if, prior to the expiration of the contract for the management of an apartment building, concluded as a result of an open tender, no way to manage this building has been chosen.
By whom and in what order is the payment for housing and communal services
The obligation to pay fees for housing and utilities arises in accordance with paragraphs. 1-6 hours. 2 tbsp. 153 LCD RF:
At the tenant of the premises under the social contract of employment from the moment of conclusion of such a contract;
at the tenant of a dwelling of a state or municipal housing fund from the moment of conclusion of the corresponding lease agreement;
With a tenant of a dwelling under a lease agreement for a dwelling of a state or municipal housing fund from the moment of conclusion of such an agreement;
A member of a housing cooperative from the moment the housing is provided by the housing cooperative;
The owner of the premises from the moment the ownership of the premises;
The person who accepted from the developer (the person who provides the construction of the multi-apartment building) after issuing permission to put the multi-apartment building into operation in the building according to the deed of transfer or other transfer document, from the moment of such transfer.
In accordance with the Housing Code of the Russian Federation and the Rules for the maintenance of common property in an apartment building, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 13.08.2006 No. 491, the fee for the maintenance and repair of a residential building in an apartment building is established by the owners of the premises of this building.
Depending on the control method:
1. Management company - the amount of the fee is determined by the owners of the premises in the apartment building taking into account the proposals of the managing organization at the general meeting, which is held in accordance with Article ZhK of the Russian Federation and is set for a period of not less than one year;
2. Homeowners Association (housing cooperative or other specialized consumer cooperative) - the size of the fee is determined by the management bodies of the homeowners association (housing cooperative, housing and communal services) in accordance with the charter. The supreme management body, whose competence includes, inter alia, establishing the amount of mandatory payments and contributions of partnership members, approving estimates of the partnership’s income and expenses for a year, reports on the implementation of such estimates, and audit reports (in the case of audits), is the general meeting members of a partnership of homeowners;
3. Direct management - the size of the fee is determined by the owners of the premises at the general meeting, which is held in accordance with the Articles of Art.
The size of the utility bills is determined based on the readings of metering devices, and in their absence from the standards for the consumption of utility services, approved by state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the manner established by the Government of the Russian Federation.
A change in the form of ownership of a dwelling, the grounds for using a dwelling, the formation or liquidation of an HOA, housing cooperative or other cooperative does not entail a change in the amount of utility bills.
Based on the decree of the Government of St. Petersburg dated September 13, 2005 No. 1346 “On the Committee on Tariffs of St. Petersburg”, the state policy of St. Petersburg in the field of state regulation of tariffs for electric and thermal energy, retail prices for natural and liquefied gas sold to the population, and also housing maintenance organizations, organizations managing apartment buildings, housing construction cooperatives and homeowners associations for household needs (except gas for non-resident tenants s premises in residential buildings and gas to fuel vehicles), the tariffs for transportation and storage of the detained vehicles on the territory of St. Petersburg holds on tariffs of St. Petersburg Committee.
The specified Committee shall establish:
1. The amount of the fee for the maintenance and repair of residential premises for tenants of residential premises under social rental contracts of the State Housing Fund of St. Petersburg, under rental contracts of the public housing of the St. Petersburg Commercial Housing Fund, under rental contracts of specialized residential premises of the St. Petersburg Public Housing Fund Petersburg;
2. Tariffs for cold water and sanitation;
3. Tariffs for electric energy for the population and equivalent consumer categories in St. Petersburg;
4. Tariffs for calculating the fees for utilities for heating and hot water provided to citizens, and tariffs for thermal energy for citizens living in individual residential buildings in St. Petersburg;
5. Retail prices for natural gas sold by CJSC Gazprom Mezhregiongaz St. Petersburg to the population in St. Petersburg;
6. Retail prices for liquefied gas sold to the population, as well as housing and operational organizations, organizations managing apartment buildings, housing and communal services for household needs (except gas for tenants of non-residential premises in residential buildings and gas for refueling vehicles) in the territory St. Petersburg.
Payment for a dwelling and utilities for the owner of a dwelling in an apartment building includes:
a) payment for the maintenance and repair of residential premises:
Payment for services and work on the management of an apartment building,
Payment for maintenance of common property in an apartment building;
Payment for services for the maintenance and overhaul of common property in an apartment building;
b) utility bills:
For cold water supply;
For hot water supply;
For gas supply (including the supply of domestic gas in cylinders);
For heating (heat supply, including the supply of solid fuel in the presence of stove heating).
Services for the collection and removal of municipal solid waste, cleaning of stairwells and a house adjoining territory (a land plot that is part of the common property of an apartment building) in accordance with paragraph 11 of the rules for the maintenance of common property in an apartment building, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 13.08.2006 No. 491, are part of the fee for the maintenance of common property in an apartment building.
What services do we pay for each person, and which per square meter
The payment for a dwelling does not depend on the number of registered people. The Housing Code of the Russian Federation establishes (Article 30 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation) that the owner of a residential building bears the costs of maintaining the common property of an apartment building according to his share in the common ownership right, while the share in the common ownership right is proportional to the size of the total area of \u200b\u200bthe residential building, i.e. it is easier in proportion to the area of \u200b\u200byour apartment (Articles 30, 39, 42 of the LC RF). Thus, the size of the housing fee is calculated from the total housing content set per square meter.
The size of the utility bill is calculated on the basis of the volume of consumed utility services, determined by the testimony of metering devices, and in their absence, on the basis of utility standards for consumption of utility services, approved in the established manner (Article 157 of the LC RF).
Payment for heating is calculated based on the occupied area of \u200b\u200bhousing. In the presence of collective heat energy meters, the average monthly figures for the previous year are accepted in the calculation of the heating charge, with subsequent recalculation at the end of the year.
Payments for other utilities (cold and hot water supply, sanitation, gas supply) are made according to the testimony of individual (apartment) metering devices, and in their absence, the payment is calculated based on the consumption standards for each type of service per person established by the local government.
Is the rent that the owners pay different from the rent that the tenants pay
According to Art. 161 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, management of an apartment building is an activity that provides favorable and safe living conditions for citizens, proper maintenance of common property in an apartment building, resolving issues related to the use of this property, as well as providing utility services to all citizens living in such a house.
Such residents include both owner citizens and employer citizens who are provided with the appropriate living quarters on the terms provided for by the current legislation, in particular on the terms of a social tenancy agreement.
By virtue of the norms of the housing legislation of the Russian Federation, a tenant of a residential building under a social tenancy agreement bears the burden of maintaining and repairing the common property of an apartment building in the amount that is established for it by local authorities, regardless of whether this or that method is chosen or not selected by the owners of the premises of the apartment building managing such a house. The presence of a difference between the payment for the maintenance and repair of the common property of an apartment building, established for tenants of a residential building by local authorities, and the corresponding fee provided for by the management contract for the owners of the premises, implies the obligation to transfer it to the managing organization by the lessor, and not the lessee. This rule is general in nature and does not provide for any exceptions to it from the RF LC.
Where can I go for clarification on the activities of the managing organization, HOA, housing cooperative, housing and communal services, creation of HOA
To receive methodological and advisory assistance on the formation of contractual relations with the managing organization, persons providing services for the maintenance and (or) repair of the common property of an apartment building, as well as in the selection or change of the method of managing an apartment building, including when creating a partnership of homeowners, you have the right to contact the administration of the district where the apartment building is located, or the Housing Committee of St. Petersburg.
The provision of services, the performance of work (by the managing organization, the HOA, housing cooperative, housing and communal services) of inadequate quality
If you have been rendered services by the managing organization, HOA, ZhSK, ZhK and performed work on the management, maintenance and repair of common property in an apartment building of inadequate quality and (or) with interruptions exceeding the established duration (garbage is not taken out (untimely taken out), garbage is not made ( untimely done) cleaning of stairwells, the territory, etc.)
1. Draw up an act (in duplicate) in any form on the provision of services and the performance of work of inadequate quality, indicating the period of provision of the service, date and place of drawing up the act (address), place of residence and signatures of persons who can confirm the fact of improper provision of services, if possible attach to the act photos and (or) video materials (with a date on the frame) that record the failure of the management company to fulfill its obligations.
2. Contact the management company or HOA, ZhSK, ZhK with a statement on the provision of services and the performance of work of inadequate quality and (or) with interruptions exceeding the established amount and changing the fee. This act will serve as the basis for reducing the size of the utility bill charged in the notification notice.
(according to the Rules for the maintenance of common property in an apartment building and the rules for changing the amount of fees for the maintenance and repair of a residential building in the case of services and management, maintenance and repair of common property in an apartment building of inadequate quality and (or) interruptions exceeding the established duration approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 13.08.2006 No. 491, the owner of a dwelling within the period of 6 months (!) after the corresponding violation has the right to apply to in writing or verbally with a request for a change in the amount of the fee, to which within 2 working days from the date of receipt of the application, the person in charge of the managing organization must send a notice of the date of receipt, registration number and subsequent satisfaction or refusal to satisfy it, indicating the reasons for refusal) .
3. In case of disagreement with the response of the managing organization and / or non-elimination of violations, contact the State Housing Inspectorate of St. Petersburg or the territorial administration of Rospotrebnadzor with a statement (an approximate application form is also contained in the HOA section).
4. If you disagree with the decision made at your request as a result of the audit, or if the inspections are incomplete, you can appeal the actions of officials of the above departments by contacting a higher authority, the prosecutor's office or the court.
Non-compliance by the persons responsible for the maintenance of residential buildings and (or) residential premises with the rules for the maintenance and repair of residential buildings and (or) residential premises entails administrative liability under Art. 7.22 Administrative Code of the Russian Federation.
Poor quality utilities
If utility services of inadequate quality and (or) are provided to you with interruptions exceeding the set duration (for a long time there was no cold water supply, weak water pressure, the temperature of hot water does not meet the standards, the water is cloudy, has a smell, etc.).
1. Draw up an act (in duplicate) in an arbitrary form on communal services of inadequate quality, indicating the period of provision of services, the date and place of drawing up the act (address), indicating the place of residence and signatures of persons who can confirm the fact of improper provision of services.
2. Contact the management company or HOA, ZhSK, ZhK with a statement about violation of the regime and quality of the provision of utilities and changing the size of the fee. This act will serve as the basis for reducing the size of the utility bill charged in the notification notice. (according to the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 05.23.2006 No. 307 “On the procedure for the provision of public utilities”, the contractor is required to keep a record of consumer complaints about the mode and quality of the provision of public utilities, and record their performance, within 2 business days from the date of receipt of the complaint, send a notice to the consumer its acceptance and subsequent satisfaction or refusal of its satisfaction indicating the reasons for the refusal, at the request of the consumer, send his representative to find out the reasons for not providing or providing the provision of communal services of inadequate quality (with the preparation of the relevant act), as well as an act fixing the harm caused to the life, health or property of the consumer in connection with accidents, natural disasters, lack or poor provision of communal services).
3. In case of disagreement with the response of the managing organization and / or non-elimination of violations, contact the State Housing Inspectorate of St. Petersburg or the territorial administration of Rospotrebnadzor with a statement (an approximate application form is also contained in the HOA section)
4. If you disagree with the decision made at your request as a result of the audit, or if the inspections are incomplete, you can appeal the actions of officials of the above departments by contacting a higher authority, the prosecutor's office or the court.
Drawing up an act and applying to the managing organization is not a prerequisite for contacting the supervisor, but may be additional evidence confirming your arguments.
Violation of the normative level or regime of providing the public with public services entails administrative liability under Art. 7.23 Administrative Code of the Russian Federation.
If you have received an invoice for housing and communal services and do not agree with the amount of the accrued amount
1. Contact the management company or HOA, ZhSK, ZhK with a request to clarify the reasons for the increase in payment, in connection with which the fee for a particular type of service has been established. (according to subparagraph “p” p. 49 of the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 05/23/2006 No. 307 “On the procedure for the provision of public utilities”, the contractor is required to reconcile utilities at the request of the consumer and issue documents confirming the accrual not later than 3 business days payment consumer, taking into account the conformity of the quality of the provided utility services with the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation to these rules and the agreement, as well as the correctness of accrual established by the federal E laws and contract penalties (penalty, penalties)).
2. In case of disagreement with the answer, or if the deadlines for considering the appeal are violated, contact the territorial department of Rospotrebnadzor.
3. If you disagree with the decision made at your request as a result of the audit, or if the inspections are incomplete, you can appeal the actions of officials of the above departments by contacting a higher authority, the prosecutor's office or the court.
When applying to Rospotrebnadzor for the application, it is recommended to attach copies of the notification account, in which, in your opinion, the tariffs are too high, and when it is paid, documents confirming the payment are made.
Violation of the consumer's right to receive the necessary and reliable information about the goods (work, service) being sold, about the manufacturer, about the seller, about the contractor and about the mode of their work entails administrative responsibility under Art. 14.8 Administrative Code of the Russian Federation.
Cheating consumers in organizations engaged in the sale of goods, performing work or providing services to the public, entails administrative responsibility under Art. 14.7 Administrative Code of the Russian Federation.
If the managing organization, HOA, ZhSK, ZhK is not presented and (or) information is not posted
The provision and disclosure by management companies, homeowners associations, housing cooperatives, housing and communal services of information to consumers is regulated by the Rules for the provision of public services to citizens, approved by the Government of the Russian Federation dated 05.23.2006 No. 307 and the Standard for the disclosure of information by organizations engaged in the management of multi-apartment buildings, approved by the government of the Russian Federation on 23.09 .2010 No. 731.
c) placement on information stands (racks) in the premises of the managing organization;
d) providing information on the basis of requests filed in writing or electronically.
If, according to the first regulatory legal act, the contractor is obliged to provide the consumer with information about himself: name, location, information about state registration, working hours, last name, first name and patronymic of the head, addresses and phone numbers of dispatching, emergency or emergency dispatching services, rates on utility services, premiums on tariffs, quality parameters for the provision of utility services, deadlines for eliminating accidents and other violations of the provision of utility services, etc., then the second regulatory act management companies, homeowners associations, housing cooperatives, housing and communal services are required to disclose information on the management of an apartment building: general information about the managing organization, the partnership and the cooperative, the main indicators of the financial and economic activities of the managing organization (in terms of the execution of such agreements by the managing organization management), partnerships and cooperatives, information on the work performed (services provided) for the maintenance and repair of common property in an apartment building, the procedure and conditions for the provision of services for the maintenance and repair of common property in an apartment building, information on the cost of works (services) for the maintenance and repair of common property in an apartment building, information on prices (tariffs) for communal resources.
2. If you disagree with the decision made at your request as a result of the audit, or if the inspections are incomplete, you can appeal the actions of the officials of the above department by contacting a higher authority, the prosecutor's office or the court.
Information on addresses and telephones of regulatory and supervisory authorities
Housing Committee of St. Petersburg
191011, St. Petersburg, pl. Ostrovsky, house 11
Tel.:, Fax:
Tariff Committee of St. Petersburg
191023, St. Petersburg, ul. Sadovaya, d. 14/52, lit. A
Tel .:, fax:
Mail: This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it
State Housing Inspectorate of St. Petersburg
190068, St. Petersburg, nab. Griboedov Canal, d. 80-90
Tel.:, Fax:
Mail: This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it
Office of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being in St. Petersburg
191025, St. Petersburg, ul. Stremyannaya, d.19
Tel.:, Fax:
Mail: This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it
GU EMERCOM of Russia for St. Petersburg
190000, St. Petersburg, nab. Moika River, 85
Tel.:, Fax:
North-West Department of the Federal Service for Ecological, Technological and Nuclear Supervision (Rostekhnadzor)
191028, St. Petersburg, ul. Mokhovaya, d. 3
Tel.:, Fax:
Sample application texts
Sample statement text
to the State Housing Inspectorate of St. Petersburg on issues of non-fulfillment by the managing company (HOA, housing cooperative, residential complex or other service organization) of the obligation to maintain the housing stock
on inaction of the service organization (if possible, indicate the name of the service organization)
I (we), (indicate full name), live on the top floor of an apartment building at: (indicate residential address). From (indicate date) my apartment is periodically flooded. Water flows in two rooms along the ceiling and one of the walls.
Due to leaks in the apartment there is constant dampness and humidity, mold and fungus appear, property damage has been caused to me.
Repeated appeals to the management company (indicate the name) with a request to eliminate the causes of leaks (indicate when and how many times) did not produce results; no measures have been taken by the management company to date.
In addition, the management organization did not properly organize the maintenance of the apartment building at the above address: the attic is littered with construction and household waste, water is constantly standing in the basement of the house, the doors to the attic and basement are not locked.
Taking into account the above, I ask you to check on these facts, bring the perpetrators to responsibility under the legislation of the Russian Federation and oblige the service organization (indicate the name) to eliminate the revealed violations and ensure the proper maintenance of the common property of the apartment building in the future.
Notify me of the results of the consideration of this appeal within the time period established by law.
Appendix: on sheets
Sample statement text
to the State Housing Inspectorate of St. Petersburg on the provision of public services of inadequate quality
Head of the State Housing Inspectorate of St. Petersburg
nab. Griboedov Canal, d., St. Petersburg,
from (name of citizen) Address: (postal code, address of the citizen, contact tel.)
I (we), (indicate full name), live at: (indicate residential address). The house is serviced by the management company, Homeowners Association, Housing and Utility Services, LCD (indicate the name of the company). It supplies thermal energy in hot water (indicate the name of the resource supplying organization).
From (indicate the date) during the day when opening the hot water tap in the kitchen and (or) in the bathroom from the tap for a long time (indicate approximately how long) cold water flows.
No answers have been received to my appeals to the management company regarding this fact (indicate the dates of appeals and entry numbers), no measures have been taken by the management company to date.
Due to the fact that the above violations infringed on my rights as a consumer of utility services, I ask you to conduct an audit, as a result of which to bring the guilty persons to the responsibility stipulated by the legislation of the Russian Federation and oblige the responsible persons to eliminate the revealed violations.
Appendix: on sheets
(signature) (decryption of signature)
Sample statement text
to the Office of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being in St. Petersburg on the provision of public services of inadequate quality
To the Head of the Office of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights and Human Well-Being in St. Petersburg
st. Stremyannaya, d. 19, St. Petersburg,
from (name of citizen) Address: (postal code, address of the citizen, contact tel.)
I (we), (indicate full name), live at: (indicate residential address). The house is serviced by the management company, Homeowners Association, Housing and Utility Services, LCD (indicate company name).
Repeatedly appealed to the managing organization with a request to eliminate the reasons for the provision of public services of inadequate quality (cold (hot) water supply is intermittent, the water has a brown tint and an unpleasant odor, the entrance is not cleaned, etc.), but my requests are answered not received, measures by the managing organization to date have not been taken.
I believe that the inaction of the management organization violates my rights as a consumer of utilities.
I ask you to conduct an audit, as a result of which to bring the guilty persons to the responsibility provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation and oblige the responsible persons to eliminate the revealed violations.
I ask you to send the answer based on the results of the verification to my address within the time period established by law.
Appendix: on sheets
(signature) (decryption of signature)
Sample statement text
to the State Housing Inspectorate of St. Petersburg on issues of non-disclosure by the management company of information on the website
Head of the State Housing Inspectorate of St. Petersburg
nab. Griboedov Canal, d., St. Petersburg,
from (name of citizen) Address: (postal code, address of the citizen, contact tel.)
I (we), (indicate full name), am the owner (indicate residential address).
The house in which I live is serviced by the management company, Homeowners Association, Housing cooperative, LCD (indicate the name of the company).
(indicate the date) I wrote to the head of the management company with a request to provide me with the opportunity to exercise my right to receive information on the maintenance and repair of the common property of the house in which I live by the managing organization, HOA, ZhSK, ZhK. I did not receive a response to this appeal, I did not receive this information in the office of the management company, I was not informed of the Internet address, and I did not find the address of the management company, HOA, Housing and Utility Services, and ZhK on the Internet.
I ask you to check on these facts, according to the results of which to bring the guilty persons to the responsibility stipulated by the legislation of the Russian Federation and oblige the responsible persons to eliminate the revealed violations.
I ask you to send the answer about the results of the verification to my address within the period established by law.
Appendix: on sheets
(signature) (decryption of signature)
Ural inventor invented hydroelectric power ...
In the piggy bank of Yekaterinburg Anatoly Ukhov, more than a hundred patents for inventions and utility models. Among them are automobile fuel made of hydrogen peroxide, semi-active armor and a solar kitchen, a desalination plant of sea water and piles from.
Electric dead end?
We would not say that the situation with the description of which representatives of one SNT addressed the editorial office is standard, but you cannot call it rare.
The Ministry of Finance explained the procedure for taxation ...
All non-residential buildings, including a summer kitchen and a bathhouse, located on a land plot provided for gardening, are recognized as economic buildings and are subject to property tax.
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Utility bills have always raised a lot of questions among consumers. Puzzled by the numbers on the receipts, they often turn to energy supply organizations for explanations, and for some owners the size of the communal apartment is so impressive that they write complaints to deputies, the executive branch, the prosecutor’s office and almost the president.
To understand all the intricacies of communal charges today is really not very simple. In addition, legislation in the field of housing and communal services is constantly changing: either the population is required to install individual meters, or they are obligated to pay for common house needs.
Today we will try to figure out what the bills for energy resources are made up of and answer, it would seem, a simple question: so what are we paying for?
Composition Analysis
Before proceeding directly to the accounts, let's figure out what they add up to. For this you need to focus on the key points of the calculations.
We can pay for light, gas, water or heat based on two criteria: either according to the readings of metering devices, or according to approved standards. There is also the concept of average monthly consumption, but about it a little later.
If the homeowner does not have an individual resource meter, he can be said to be charged with some fixed consumption according to the norm. A person may consume more or less of the quantities indicated in it, but this will not affect the final figures in the receipt. You only need to multiply the standard by the current tariff, and then by the number of people living in the apartment to get the final amount.
If individual metering devices are installed, then the receipt, as a rule, comes with the last paid indication already filled. If the dwelling is equipped with individual metering devices, then in the current month the consumer pays for the resource according to the current readings, which he can transfer in any way available to him (the methods for transmitting readings are indicated on the receipt). Thus, the calculation of the fee depends on the honesty of the owners regarding the timeliness of information transfer and its compliance with the readings of metering devices. At least until the counter check.
So far, the circuit looks simple. However, 2012, when the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 354 “On the provision of utilities to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and apartment houses” came into force, somewhat complicated the system of utility bills. It was then that the concept of common-house needs came into our everyday life. It did not enter immediately, not everywhere, with adjustments to the deadlines for installing common house meters and payment standards in their absence.
In accordance with Federal Law No. 261, owners of premises in apartment buildings were obliged to equip them with common house metering devices by July 1, 2012. Then the term was extended until January 1, 2013. However, neither the residents were in a hurry to install quite expensive equipment, nor the management companies, although they themselves could choose both the contractor and the supplier, agree on an estimate ... As a result, from this moment on, the ODPU are required to establish resource-supplying organizations. Forced. However, it is still at the expense of the residents.
Note that in new buildings erected in recent years, such metering devices are already installed. Otherwise, according to the current legislation, they simply could not be put into operation. The situation with older residential buildings is more complicated. Here, all common house appliances and components have to be installed “from scratch”, so the usual receipts for water and heat suddenly replenished with impressive figures for their installation and commissioning. The latter fact caused a flurry of indignation on the part of consumers: "Why should we pay for what we did not ask for ?!"
As a rule, resource-supplying organizations become the main “respondents of cuffs,” although they did not come up with a federal law on energy conservation. These enterprises themselves were not too happy with the additional load. Therefore, objectively, they are right when, with questions about the appropriateness and legality of the installation of the ODPU, they are sent dissatisfied directly to the State Duma. After all, here it is not the utility policy that needs to be changed, but the legislation. As long as it is what it is, we are all obligated to pay for common house expenses and have appropriate metering devices in houses.
Common house needs are considered simple: the total consumption according to the testimony of individual metering devices and according to the norm (in rooms not equipped with individual metering devices) is subtracted from the readings of the common house metering device. The resulting difference is distributed between all the rooms in the apartment building in proportion to the total area of \u200b\u200bthe premises. The number of residents does not matter.
Let's start with a simple one - with gas supply. In the gas receipt, the line “common house needs” is not provided, because the Federal Law on Energy Saving does not provide for the installation of common house gas meters. Therefore, consumers receive bills only for individual expenses inside an apartment or a private house.
As explained by the head of the subscriber department of Gazprom Mezhregiongaz Pskov LLC Svetlana Nikolaeva, the majority of subscribers in the Pskov region are on direct agreements with a regional gas company, therefore they receive bills on behalf of this organization.
According to the tariff approved last year, the cost of gas sold to the population is 5.08 rubles. per cube m. These figures will be relevant until July 1 of the current year.
For those who use gas without individual metering devices, the region has approved resource consumption standards. They are quite variable and take into account the presence of a geyser, gas heating equipment, the need for heating non-residential premises and other points.
So for an apartment in which the gas equipment has only a stove (in the presence of centralized hot water supply), the standard is 12.0 cubic meters. m / person per month, and in the presence of a gas stove and gas heater (in the absence of a central hot water supply) - 34.0 cubic meters. m / person per month. Thus, a family of three, living in Khrushchev’s city with a stove and a column for heating water, will pay a monthly gas receipt with a sum of 518.16 rubles.
If a gas meter is installed in the apartment, then it will be necessary to pay for it in accordance with the readings of the meter, regardless of the number of residents. Of course, this option is much more economical in terms of monthly expenses. In practice, the same family of three, with only one gas stove and centralized hot water supply, can consume no more than 5-6 cubic meters per month instead of the imputed 36 cubic meters of gas.
However, the cost of installing such a device is not cheap, and the term for which it will pay off is difficult to name. Depending on the manufacturer and the brand of the device, as well as the place of its acquisition, the cost of gas meters is from 1000 rubles and above. Then you will need to pay for its installation, the cost of standard work averages from 1800 to 2200 rubles. If you need to carry out welding work, then the cost of installation will increase and may amount to 3,000 or 6,000 rubles, depending on the complexity. But this is not all, the cost of the consumed materials will be added to these sums based on the results of the work performed. As practice shows, even 4000 rubles of the total amount will be difficult to meet.
By the way, the presence of a gas meter is not always mandatory. “Initially, federal law provided that each owner must install a gas meter in his apartment before January 1, 2015, but at the end of last year the legislation changed. Now, this obligation applies only to those whose maximum consumption exceeds 2 cubic meters per hour. That is, if a consumer in an apartment with gas equipment has only a stove, then he does not have to install a meter, but if a gas column is also installed, then the obligation remains, ”Svetlana Nikolaeva clarified.
Since these corrections have appeared recently, gas meters are installed by default in new buildings, because earlier this was a mandatory requirement. In the light of current innovations, it formally turns out that from now on developers can not install such devices.
Perhaps an additional motivation for installing meters will be the introduction of increasing coefficients, but so far they are not provided for by current legislation.
Gazprom Mezhregiongaz Pskov emphasizes that the readings of individual meters should be checked periodically. For this, the owner must let a specialist into the apartment. Both the technical health of the device and the presence of the human factor are checked. Among the Pskov people there are many who provide incorrect data, and there are also enough “Kulibins” who want to trick the device. As a rule, such inspections are carried out annually. If the owner does not let the specialist into the apartment, then this is an occasion to apply for access to court.
If the consumer does not maliciously give the readings of metering devices or the meter is sent for verification or repair, then within three months the gas consumption will be calculated according to average monthly indicators (data for the year are taken). However, even if after this the owner continues not to provide information about the evidence, then it will be forcibly, starting from the 4th month, transferred to the standard. Since individual gas meters can significantly save money, it’s at least unreasonable to switch to the standard.
By the way, meter readings can be reported both by phone and through the official website of the resource supplying organization in your account, moreover, you can also make a payment there. It is surprising that with a sufficiently high level of Internet access in Pskov, few use the site's facilities.
Electricity
The situation with the charging of electricity charges is relatively safe. The thing is that both individual and common house metering devices for this type of resource are mostly installed in common areas, and not in apartments, which allows you to clearly control consumption and makes the situation as transparent as possible.
Installation of common house electricity meters also went quite calmly. Largely due to the fact that the energy supply organization installed them on their own, and not at the expense of consumers. The organization considered that the installation of such equipment is beneficial primarily for themselves, since it allows not only to monitor energy consumption in the field, but also to quickly identify losses.
Tariffs for electric energy for the population are approved annually by order of the Pskov Region State Committee on Tariffs and Energy, as is the case with other energy resources. Today, the tariff for the urban population is - 3.53 rubles / kWh for ordinary housing and 2.47 rubles / kWh for houses with electric stoves, electric heating. From July 1, it will grow to 3.79 rubles / kWh and 2.84 rubles / kWh, respectively.
The tariff, differentiated by the zones of the day, is a rather exotic thing and is not in great demand. It differs in that in the daytime the population is offered one tariffication, and at night it is more advantageous. It is interesting, first of all, to residents of private houses, which at night heat the house with electricity.
In new homes, meters already support multi-tariff metering, so if the owner so wishes, you can switch to a differentiated tariff. But, as a rule, for the bulk of the population this is unprofitable. Such a tariff may be suitable only for a bachelor leading a nocturnal lifestyle.
By the way, if the meter was installed by a third-party organization, then in any case, employees of Pskovenergoagent must check and seal it, otherwise you will have to pay at not very favorable standards. The same thing will happen if the consumer refuses to report the meter when it is installed in his apartment (this is found in old houses) or in a private house, and specialist controllers do not have direct access to them.
Well, if a person does not pay for the light, then the order is strict. After three months of non-payment of receipts, he will be handed a notice of possible disconnection against signature. If he does not respond and the debt does not pay off, then he will be disconnected from the network. To reconnect, you will have to pay not only the debt, but also the disconnection / connection work.
With regard to general household needs, as explained by the press secretary of Pskovenergosbyt OJSC Andrei Fedorov, these include lighting, elevators, intercoms, television antenna amplifiers, sometimes water pumps or central heating. They are calculated traditionally: individual readings are subtracted from the readings of the common house meter. Then, common house consumption is signed for all homeowners in proportion to the area they occupy.
“According to the common-house meter, we see how much electricity we gave to the house, and the management company is already engaged in apartment-based calculations. At the same time, we have no practice of taking money for an absent tenant from all over the house, ”he added.
If the residents are frankly surprised by the testimony of the ODPU, then you need to contact the management company with a request. There can be many options: someone could unauthorizedly connect to the common house network and actually steal electricity, or, perhaps, repairs were carried out in the house, again at the expense of the general electricity network.
Cold water and sanitation
The State Committee of the Pskov Region for Tariffs and Energy in the Field of Cold Water Supply, Sanitation for 2015 approved the following tariffs: for cold water - 20.95 rubles / cubic meter. m (from July 1 - 22.73 rubles per cubic meter), for water disposal 17.26 rubles per cubic meter. m (from July 1 - 18.73 rubles / cubic m).
The standards of cold water consumption and sanitation adopted in our region differ significantly depending on the improvement of a residential building. The presence or absence of a bathtub, sewage or hot water supply, as well as other factors affect the calculations. So, for an apartment building equipped with centralized cold and hot water supply, sanitation, bathtubs and showers, the water standard is 4.86 cubic meters. m / month per person, and for the disposal of hot and cold water - 8.4 cubic meters. m / month per person If the house does not have a sewage system or hot water, then consumption standards will be 2.4 cubic meters. m / month per person only in cold water.
Payment according to the standards is carried out if the owner’s apartment is not equipped with individual metering devices. If such meters are installed, then according to the indications, the volume of delivered and recycled water will be paid for them.
It is possible to argue about the efficiency of water meters for a long time, to cite a lot of arguments for and against. In any case, for the luxury of a leaking toilet or a tap left in the bathroom, the owners of the devices will have to fork out. As a matter of fact, this is precisely what the main idea of \u200b\u200binstalling such devices is to teach the population how to properly use natural resources. There is no additional motivation for this for consumers, the current legislation in this sense is still quite loyal. However, it will not work to pass a new building without such metering devices, so in all new homes they exist by default.
Household needs for cold water - this is all that is spent on washing the entrances, washing the networks, discharges. If there is a common house metering device, its readings are multiplied by the tariff. Then, the payments of citizens made both by the testimony of apartment counters and by the norm are deducted. The remaining difference, in accordance with the established calculation procedure, is the common house needs that are scattered among the residents of the house in accordance with their share in the common property. All these numbers are indicated on the receipt.
The main reason why residents are frightened by the “huge” amounts wound up by a common house meter is the so-called unaccounted for citizens. If the payment for utilities is charged according to the standard per person, and in fact three people live in the apartment, then the water consumed by them will fall on the shoulders, or rather, on the purses of the neighbors. If there are more than one or two apartments at the entrance, then there is no difference in any standards.
Unfortunately, the unfair distribution of common house needs can also be affected by liars who are “chemists” with water meters in their apartment. Whether they put “magnets”, whether they zero out evidence illegally or simply transmit false data, all these points can affect the pockets of neighbors. Gorvodokanal or management companies are fighting against such violators to the best of their ability. The fact is that the specialists of these organizations should periodically check the counters, both in terms of the operability of the device and in terms of the relevance of the readings. To let them inside the apartment is the responsibility of every tenant. If the owner refuses to let the inspectors in, they are given an order, thereby officially warning, next time it will turn out that the water will be counted according to the norm, regardless of any individual metering devices.
But in the case of "rubber" apartments, Gorvodokanal is no longer an assistant. Here management companies should be dealt with, and even better, the Council of Residents. Who else but the neighbors of the entrance should know in which apartments there are unsecured tenants. If the persuasion does not work, then in principle the Criminal Code can even decide on the compulsory collection of bills according to the norm from one or another living space.
In the absence of a common house metering device, the equation is somewhat simpler, the ONE standards apply. However, in our region they have not yet been approved, therefore, in fact, in the absence of such a device, payment is not made.
Heating and hot water
The State Committee for Tariffs and Energy in the Pskov Region for 2015 approved the following heating tariffs: 1,473.54 rubles / Gcal (from July 1 - 1,598.78 rubles / Gcal). The tariff for hot water consists of two components: the supplied cold water for heating (heat carrier) - 20.95 rubles per cubic meter. m and its heating (heat energy) - 1473.54 rubles / Gcal. From July 1, it will amount to 22.73 rubles per cubic meter. m and 1,598.78 rubles / Gcal, respectively.
It should be noted that for houses with open water from heating systems other tariffs apply, they can be clarified on the website of the State Committee on Tariffs.
As explained in the state committee of the Pskov region for construction and housing supervision, individual heat meters for our city are exotic. Occasionally they are found in the area. Install them in our homes do not allow the technical features of the heating system. Therefore, the cost of heat is calculated only according to the standards or according to the indications of a common house metering device, which, since last year, the Pskov Heat Network began to install in multi-apartment buildings of the city.
In the case of the norm, the heating fee is considered as follows: the tariff for thermal energy (rubles /. Gcal) is taken and multiplied by the consumption standard (Gcal / sq. M). The established standard for individual apartments for heating today is 0.0133 Gcal / sq. m. Accordingly, the tariff for such premises will be - 19.60 rubles /. Gcal. It must be multiplied by the footage of the apartment to get the total amount in the receipt. So, for a two-room apartment 54 sq.m. - monthly heat payment will amount to 1058.40 rubles.
In the presence of common house accounting, meter readings are divided into all in proportion to the total area of \u200b\u200bthe occupied premises. If the house does not have a common house metering device, then residents pay according to the standard for 12 months, while if it is available, charges are made only during the heating period for 7 months, while the monthly fee for them is higher, but the total amount for the year may be less (depending on the outdoor temperature for the heating season and the type of house).
Charges for hot water are also made either according to the readings of the meters, or, if they are absent, in accordance with the standards, which vary depending on the degree of home improvement. For a typical apartment with all amenities, it is 3.53 cubic meters. m / month per person.
It should be understood that you also need to pay for the sewerage of hot water, again, either according to the norm (see above in the section of water disposal), or in accordance with the readings of the consumption meter.
Household metering devices are also installed for hot water. Although the concept of common house needs in this case seems doubtful, the Pskov Heating Networks explained that their installation is mandatory at the request of federal legislation on energy conservation. The common metering device allows you to compare the readings at the entrance to the house and inside the house, to identify leaks or unreliable meter readings.
During the installation of the ODPU, residents lose hot water for a period of 2 to 4 hours, usually in the morning or in the afternoon with prior notice, so recalculation is not performed. In the case of heating, meters are installed at the end of the heating period; consumers do not even notice this.
The reasons for too high readings of common house appliances, the owners should look first of all inside their home, in the area of \u200b\u200btheir responsibility. Here again, the issue of "rubber" apartments and negligent users who do not disdain fraud with individual counters becomes relevant. Moreover, for deceivers and those who forget to report instrument readings on time, the same methods of influence apply: subpoenas and compulsory “transplantation” on the standards.
Trust but check
What if you do not agree with the numbers on the receipts? To begin with, make sure that you provide the information on the readings of the counters on time, perhaps you have made accruals according to the average readings. You can request a list of services and prices from the management company or the management of the HOA. If your home is on direct settlements, then you need to contact the resource supplying organization directly.
As the State Committee for Construction and Housing Supervision of the Pskov Region assured, according to the law, these organizations are required to provide comprehensive information at the request of consumers. Including justify the cost of installing common house metering devices. This question is especially relevant for Pskov today.
It should be noted that personal surveys of residents at the cost of counters are usually erroneous. They do not take into account that, in addition to the common house metering device, a technically complex metering unit is mounted, which consists of many components: measuring instruments, calculators, sensors, etc. In addition, their installation is often associated with the replacement of leaky pipes. Firstly, installation of the device on old pipes is often simply impossible, and secondly, in this case, consumers do not have to pay for leaks.
If the explanations of the organizations responsible for utilities do not suit you, you can go to court. Also, you have the right at the general meeting of apartment owners to refuse the services of the management company and conclude an agreement with another. True, most of the owners should support your desire.
Alas, so far the procedure for charging fees for common needs due to the hasty introduction of the new system is imperfect. Neither the Housing Code, nor the decree of the Government of the Russian Federation oblige to pay for neighbors, but only for common house needs, but in practice it is the opposite. Yes, and tenants have no serious responsibility for the timely provision of meter readings. All this greatly complicates the life of both resource-supplying organizations and housemates. Looking forward to another reform in the housing and communal services?
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