Concrete columns. Filling forms Columns: Independent manufacture and installation How to make a concrete column

Columns are a frequently encountered architecture element. They have a different form and perform both bearing and decorative functions. Formwork columns is used as a form for their creation. It is designed to fill with concrete, it happens different shapes. In practice, removable and non-removable varieties are used, which are characterized by speed mounting. Universal beamiboral structures make it possible to build different columns options in practice. You can how to mount the finished shields, and make a formwork yourself.

Variety of columns

Columns are facilities used as support structures and decor elements. They have different dimensions and shapes. They make them with modern construction frequently by the fill in a pre-mounted form of concrete. Also, they are erected from bricks, stone, blocks from various materials.

In geometric shape, they are:

• square;
• cylindrical (round);
• multifaceted;
• rectangular.

If the columns perform the function of the supports, they are often elevated on modern construction sites rectangular or square shape. Their dimensions are determined by acting load.

The fill method concrete allows you to quickly erect the designs of this type. At the same time use formwork as a form. It must meet the following requirements:

• be accurate sizes, durable, stable;
• do not have holes, through which solution can flow;
• her inner side should be smooth.

For the designs of the removable type, the simplicity of installation and disassembly is taken into account.

The difference in the form of columns leads to use in the practice of different formwork for their creation. With your own hands it is easier to make the design for the support of a square or rectangular shape.

Used formworks

With private construction and large objects use different formwork varieties. If possible, the design of the structure under the fill is divided into such types:

• reusable;
• disposable;
• non-removable.

For their manufacture use the following materials:

• metal: aluminum, steel and others;
• cardboard;
• plastic;
• wooden boards and bars;
• phaneur.

Different types of forms under the fill mounted in different ways, the price of products is also greatly varied. The choice depends on the scale of construction work.

Reusable designs

This species is used in construction repeatedly. Collect such structures directly at the construction site. Then inside the created shape produce filling concrete. After it freezes, the formwork dismantle, send to a new construction, or for storage.

The varieties of multi-sized formwork and their description are presented later in the table.

Shield	Steel	Plastic
consists of aluminum or metal shields	used to build columns of any geometric shape	the easiest and cheaper, but the most unreliable variety of all types of multi-forming formwork
has a lot of weight that requires the use of lifting equipment	assembled from steel shields connected by special locks	plastic shields required to collect neatly so as not to damage them and fastener elements
serves to create columns having angles	the very shape and its elements are distinguished by a significant mass.	this type is made for the construction of the Round Support, or a rectangular shape.
shields from the inside are trimmed by laminated plywood	after use it is necessary to repeal, lubricate its sections	easy mounted, dismantled, and concrete does not stick to the plastic surface
design elements are connected to each other with special fasteners, locks	this type of formwork can be collected from universal, linear shields, gutters (serve to create cylinders), angular structures	used mainly to build low supports

Also, the beam-burglar formwork is isolated in one of the varieties of multiple. Its structural elements are beams, shields, steel rigls. It is assembled as a designer for children, and retains the strut system.

The beamiboral variety is universal. With it, it creates a variety of columns: square, round, rectangular. The surface of the built-up support is characterized by high quality, corresponding to the requirements.

Wood-made wooden (plywood) shields can also be used repeatedly for casting a rectangular column or square shape. Their advantage is the availability of material, ease of installation and manufacture. In large construction sites, such structures are often used as auxiliary.

The disadvantage of reusable structures is considered a discrepancy between their heights and a similar parameter of the columns created. To complete the supports make the transfers of the elements, which affects the strength of the monolith. To another minus there is a high price of products for this kind. The way out of the situation is the ability to take forms for rent. The use of metal formwork is also characterized by the complexity of the installation, expenditures for transportation.

Non-removable and disposable formwork

The non-removable formwork is expensive, which prevents its distribution. But it is distinguished by universality, allowing you to create more durable and resistant temperature differences, the effects of moisture of the column.

Elements of a non-removable frame are made in factory conditions on concrete machines, or expanded polystyrene foam. From the first material create reliable thin-walled products by special technology.

Products made of polystyrene is assembled with the help of locks: on one side of the groove, and on the other - spike. The seams formed during docking are filled with foam assembly. The design of polystyrene foam is simply assembled with your own hands. The further finish after the fill is also not difficult.

Disposable formwork variety used more than 50 years. It is the most affordable price, cheap option. Cardboard serves material for its production. It is twisted on the helix around the shaft on the machine and impregnate with adhesive composition, significantly improving the strength of the form created under the fill.

Under the pouring of round columns, the products are produced by diameters from 0.2 m to 1.2 m. The surface inside the cardboard pipes can be with a pattern or smooth. Also manufactured framework for the construction of rectangular supports.

The advantages of a one-time version of the frame under the fill are:

• low cost;
• small mass;
• ease of installation and dismantling.

After the concrete drops the required strength, the cardboard is removed, then disposed. The surface of the cast support is obtained by smooth, further alignment is not required.

Thanks to the versatility, non-removable frames are gaining popularity in the builders environment. At the same time, it is possible to mount yourself quite easily the construction of polystyrene foam. Cardboard forms are affordable, budget option. But it should be borne in mind that the height limit for them is 12 m.

Installing formwork with your own hands

Reusable, disposable, non-removable column formwork is established in various ways. Also appear new types of frameworks for filling with simplified installation technology.

Heavy structures are used on large construction sites. For their installation requires lifting mechanisms and techniques for transportation. The assembly of metal frames is often carried out according to the drawings specially trained workers, because you need to know technology, security rules, be able to read technical documentation.

To install simpler frames, it is enough to familiarize yourself with the instructions correctly connect their elements.

You can independently make and set the shape under the fill of the supports from plywood or boards and bars. This option creates the required parameters on the construction site. Shields are manufactured by the desired height, set to place, in various ways are connected to each other, for example, simply knock off with nails.

If you need to build several columns of the same appearance and sizes, it is necessary to ensure that the templates do not differ from each other.

When independently assembling shields, it is necessary to provide "windows" (at an altitude of 1.5 m) to add concrete, as well as openings at the top of the beam.

For installation, with your own hands, plastic, disposable cardboard formwork, wooden shields, because in this case the presence of special skills from builders is not required.

The process of creating and installing a wooden formwork is shown in the video below.

The choice of option for practical use is determined by the scope of work. Metal formwork is the most reliable and widely used on large-scale construction projects. Cardboard forms are the cheapest, fragile. Plywood and wood shields are used in the construction of the buildings of the private sector, because they can be easily made with their own hands, but the use of finished products speeds up the workflow, guarantees a qualitative result.

The columns are increasingly used in the architecture of facades and interiors. This is not only a beautiful decorative element, it is also a practical utilitarian fragment of the design.

It allows you to maintain overlaps or beams, while not taking a lot of useful area of \u200b\u200bthe lower floor.

The column can be purchased ready, but more convenient and cheaper to make it with your own hands. The easiest way to lay out of the brick, but much stronger and more reliable monolith, and for its manufacture you will have to make a formwork.

By way of use, they are non-removable, disposable and reusable. They are made of metal, wood, plastic, and even cardboard.

• Metal. Usually reusable. These are comfortable ready-made shields that are easily and quickly collectable, provide the correct geometry, quickly dismantled.
• Wooden. Usually homemade, reusable. Rent from boards and bars. Cheaper, but with their help it is more difficult to provide the correct shape, especially different from the rectangle.
• Plastic. Round forms are usually made. You can purchase ready-made, and you can make a formwork from plastic pipes of a suitable diameter.
• Cardboard. Made from dense, impregnated with special cardboard adhesives. The form is only cylindrical, such formworks are exceptionally disposable.

Finished formworks are offered by many manufacturers, together with them can be made independently, if we consider some features of this constructive.

Features

The column has a small width and thickness, but often has a significantly height. This determines sufficiently specific loads on the form.

The formwork is experiencing significant pressure at the bottom and very small in the top.

The elongation of the shape in the height makes the design very unstable, it can easily fall, so the formwork requires several backups.

Also, the form must have rigidity so as not to work out, do not bend under the weight of concrete.

It is assumed that the column will work on squeezing, so it is extremely important to avoid the degenerations of the structure. If the form arches the arc, then the support performed in it when the load can easily crack. The column is very poorly withstanding the bending load.

It is very important to clearly withstand the vertical level. Even a small waste from the vertical generates the imbalance of loads that can lead to breakage of the entire structure.

Self assembly of form

It is easiest to make a wooden formwork for square or rectangular supports. The sequence is as follows:

In order for the boards to be easier to be easier to be easier, they can be attached to the oil from the inside. To assemble the form, you need to choose smooth boards so that the poles do not have bends, curvature.

Alternative options

You can independently make and the shape of cardboard. But since at home only the usual cardboard is available, then it will take to use an additional metal reinforcement grid or wood frame to be used to enhance it.

It is worth remembering that it is a disposable formwork for the columns, after hardening the concrete, the cardboard will have to pull off it, like wallpaper from the wall.

The easiest way to make a formwork in the mesh framework. Initially, a steel grid with square cells is taken, not prone to stretching.

It turns into the cylinder of the desired diameter, reliably fastens in this position with wire or welding.

Then the folded cardboard is placed inside, which is placed on the laying and rests on the grid. Finding the sheets of cardboard for 2-3 meter pillars is not easy, so you have to use several sheets, bonding them between the bracket with a sticky ribbon.

The design is obtained very unstable, so the supports made of wood are required.

This disposable formwork is suitable for round columns, rectangular or square pouring will not work.

You can make a non-removable formwork from polystyrene foam.

This option is used in facade works, it allows you to get very smooth surfaces, monotonous with insulated foam walls.

However, this non-removable formwork is low-term, so it also requires a supporting frame.

Cost

Since it is supposed to do everything with your own hands, the price of forms for pillars is determined by the costs of materials. If you do a formwork from a tree, then for a cubic meter you will need to pay about 6-7 thousand rubles.

Steel grid will cost 20-25 rubles per square meter, tight cardboard - 200-250 rubles per roll. Polyfoam will cost 1000-1200 rubles per cubic meter.

Colon formwork is intended to form a square or rectangular area, which will allow you to correctly mount a column. There are different types of formworks that are intended for certain types of construction work. In this article, we will look at the features and settings for mounting formwork for columns with a detailed step-by-step instruction.

Types of columns

The main purpose of creating a formwork is the formation of a certain form for the columns of the desired height and parameters. There are two types of work, the first of which foresees the installation for universal columns, and the second formwork of the formwork of the column with a fixed cross section. When making installation, you need to remember the features of the installation of additional shields.

Previously, the colons were used as a decorative element of buildings. However, in the modern world, this type of product is intended as reference elements for different types of buildings. Several types of columns are distinguished, which differ in geometric form:

• round or cylindrical;
• square;
• multifaceted;
• rectangular.

It is worth noting that the universal formwork of the columns is carried out for different types of columns and foresees the installation of standard shields with special holes for kingle, the step for which has 5 cm. For a fixed installation scheme, it is necessary to fix column using four angular elements and some locks for formwork.

Purpose of formwork and product requirements

The formwork of walls and colors is carried out for the fill of the concrete base under the support elements. This is necessary so that the mixture does not spread and after the hardening had a square or other form. Without this stage of work, it is almost impossible to install the column. Experts allocate some formwork requirements:

• compliance with design sizes;
• stability and strength of the installed product;
• form formation through which the solution will not flow;
• smooth inner side;
• conducting dismantling is not laborious.

Column formwork: disposable, reusable, non-removable

The simplest and most convenient option for the work is the construction of a disposable formwork. This design consists of cardboard, which is hung over the helix. The product for formwork has water-repellent properties, which do not allow the solution to be soaked into the structure of the cardboard. Inside the cardboard formwork for columns, you can put the PVC film with thicker walls.

The approximate diameter of such a formwork can be from 20 to 115 cm, and the maximum length of the product can be 12 meters. Depending on the parameters of the column, the height of the formwork may vary, as well as the wall thickness. For example, in the bottom of the design, the wall thickness may be greater, which is determined by the maximum load of the concrete solution. The technology of work is not difficult, with large amounts of installation, you can use lifting mechanisms. For installation, only two people can be sufficient.

Another embodiment of the column formwork is a construction of a multi-sized structure. As a rule, the formwork can be used several times for mounting several columns. Allocate such features of performance:

• the need to formulate formwork at the construction site;
• fill in the design of a solution of concrete;
• holding out a few days before the complete drying of the concrete;
• removing the design of the formwork and install it in a different place.

When performing such work, it is necessary to remember the compliance with the rules for installing the column. When choosing a multi-sized formwork of columns and overlaps, it is necessary to calculate the height of the product that should not be higher than the designated forms. When choosing such a formwork form, the fill will not be monolithic. Therefore, it is worth carefully reading the requirements and characteristics of this type of formwork in compliance with the height of the column.

Reusing formwork is expensive than one-time, which is determined by such parameters:

• The desired storage costs of the design.
• Transportation of formwork for setting other types of columns and care for it.
• Additional estates to use lifting equipment services.

There are different types of multi-sized formwork:

• shield design;
• beam biblical;
• steel formwork;
• plastic design;

Formwork using shields is intended for a square shape columns. Shields made of metal must be copped with each other using different fixation items. In the middle of the shields it is important to place the Faneur laminated. Next, a concrete solution is poured after the frozen, which the formwork can be removed and move to another work site.

A similar type of work has a beam-burglar column formwork, to perform which it is necessary to use such products:

• shields;
• rigel from steel;
• beams.

This type of design will allow the formwork of a reliable formwork of different heights. As a rule, such a scheme is used to build round walls, columns, bridges, as well as for the formation of large vertical surfaces. The formwork technology reminds the scheme of assembling a children's designer, and all parts are fixed using spacers.

Steel formwork columns is intended for square and round products. The main characteristic of the design is that after its use it is necessary to clean and lubricate sections. This type of formwork has a lot of weight, like a shield, so you need to use lifting vehicles.

A more affordable and easy option is plastic formwork for columns. The main disadvantage of the product is considered the unreliability of the design, and it will be necessary to apply for the help of specialists. Working with this type of formwork is advised to be carefully and special tools so as not to damage the walls. All elements of the plastic structure are interconnected using different parts.

There is another type of formwork, which is non-removable. The use of this type of construction is rare, however, such a scheme of the structure is quite popular among builders. All blocks and blanks for assembling formwork are made on special machines. Thus, products are created with thin walls, which are strong enough and reliable.

Formwork elements are made from high-strength concrete. The technology of preparing the solution foresides the use of cement, sand and water. The preparation feature of concrete is to seal the pores with the use of rolled products. Thus, all liquid is supplanted from the solution, which increases the properties of frost resistance and concrete strength. Products for formwork made in this way have increased resistance to temperature and humidity drops.

Installing columns: Mounting and dismantling features

Before considering the installation technology for a specific formwork, it is necessary to explore the standard performance characteristics. Before installing the formwork on the surface of concrete, it is necessary to mark the column parameters. As a rule, the column must be installed around a predetermined frame of reinforcement. All works are important to implement using project documentation. The shields for formwork must be assembled in a g-shaped form, which are fixed using nuts and a pivot or through the corner, is determined by the type of column. The second and other tiers of building assembly must be collected using a mobile tower or scaffolding.

If the height of the formwork of the round columns has an indicator above 4.2, then it is important to mount a special reiguel on the column, which will align the design. The installed column must be checked for a vertical position, which is carried out with the help of squeaks or tolls. The dive consists of the lower and upper area of \u200b\u200bthe product, as well as a special connector. The latter needs to be mounted into the surface of concrete, further, the upper part joins the highest point of fixing the column, and the lower to the bottom. Using special tools and nuts column should be aligned and fixed in a vertical position.

The feature of the dismantling of the formwork can be done when concrete will finally dry. First of all, it is necessary to remove the splitting of the formwork, after which the locks from the top are dismantled and shields are cleaned.

It's important to know! If the height of the mounted column is more than three meters, then the concrete solution must be supplied through a special window. In the next tier, it is necessary to remove one of the shields, which forms the window of the required dimensions. Further, the shield is set to the previous place, after which the concrete solution hits through the top of the column formwork.

Step-by-step instructions for mounting a shield formwork for columns with their own hands

The installation process must be started with the workplace markup. It is important that it coincides with the parameters of the previously erected framework and reinforcement:

2. After that, the formwork is assembled from the shields on the one hand, and all parts of the design it is important to fix with the use of locks.

4. Having determined the fill thickness of the concrete wall you need to install the next wall of the formwork of the same technology.

5. In the top of the formwork, it is important to mount the running console.

6. After aligning all the walls of the structure, you can proceed to further work on the installation of the column and fill the base.

It's important to know! To properly install shields on one side, it is necessary to use the riglels that will allow to align the formwork.

The dismantling method consists in carrying out work in the reverse order: at first they remove the running consoles and tolls of toll. After that, locks are dismantled with the top area of \u200b\u200bthe design, and the formwork shields are removed.

Installation instructions of the beam-blister formwork

The beam-burglary formwork is a construction that consists of beams and riglels. All parts are fastened with clips. The main material used in the work is a tree, so all works are not laborious. This material has a low thermal conductivity, in contrast to aluminum formwork columns.

A similar formwork assembly scheme has many advantages, which is indicated by the reliability, strength and simplicity of the design used. Working does not require significant costs, while the formwork is considered universal. Using this type of construction, you can concrete columns of different sizes. Also, using the beau-bolted formwork scheme, you can build concrete walls of different parameters. To strengthen and formulate formwork, it is recommended to use only a screwdriver and hammer.

Benefits of formwork:

• it is used to install columns and walls of different height and sizes;
• it is intended for formworking buildings of various forms, for example, radius, round and inclined without unnecessary waste;
• allows you to get good quality concrete on the surface of the formwork;
• using this type of construction assembly, it will be possible to reduce the number of gaps and screeds;
• the formwork is able to withstand a large load of concrete, approximately 10 t / sq. m.

Detailed instructions for the assembly of the beam-burglar formwork has such a sequence:

1. Prepare the workplace to install the formwork.

3. On the riglels perpendicularly stacked beams for formwork required lengths.

4. These beams must be attached to the riglel using special clamps.

5. The approximate distance between the beams should be from 20 to 40 cm, which is determined by the project documentation.

It's important to know! When laying beams, it is necessary to ensure that they do not coincide with the points for mounting under the tie screws. On the installed beams you need to put sheets of plywood laminated, with the place of the joints should be found in the middle of the beam. Plywood is fixed to beams using self-tapping screws, which are screwed every 35-40 cm. The length of the fastener should be 50 or 60 mm. The area of \u200b\u200bthe installation of self-sufficiency can be sharpened, which will extend the shelf life of plywood for further use.

There are various options for mounting formwork, however, not all work can be done with your own hands. Installation technology For each design type is determined by height and cross section of columns. To better explore the scheme for holding work on the formwork, we recommend watching the video presented at the end of the article.

The composition of the process, preparation for concreting

In concreting, the mixture fills all the gaps between the rods of the reinforcement, forms a protective layer of the required thickness and is subjected to a sealing of the corresponding specified density and concrete brand.

Concretion consists of preparatory and verification operations, the styling process containing operations on the reception, distribution and seal of concrete mixture, as well as auxiliary operations carried out along the concreting.

Immediately before concreting, the formwork purges the jet of water or compressed air from garbage and dirt. Wooden formwork surfaces are wetted. The gaps in a wooden formwork width of more than 3 mm are close to prevent the cement milk leaving. The surfaces of the steel and plastic formwork are coated with a lubricant, for example, used oil, and reinforced concrete armo-cement or asbestos-cement formwork is washed with a jet of water. The reinforcement is cleaned of dirt and rust. At the same time, work on setting up mechanisms, machines and devices used in all interconnected concreting operations. In the workplace establishes the necessary inventory, arrange fences, safety and protective devices provided for in safety. In the necessary cases, equip the telephone, light or sound signaling between the workplaces on the supply, reception and laying the concrete mix.

Seal concrete mix

The task of the process of sealing the concrete mixture consists in the limit packaging of various in the form and size of particles constituting a multicomponent conglomerate - a concrete mixture. The density of concrete compared to the concrete mixture with its good seal increases from 2.2 to 2.4 ... 2.5 t / m 3.

Compact concrete mix of rubbing, plump and vibration.

Tumbled- manual or pneumatic - apply when laying hard mixtures into concrete and low-marked structures, when vibrators cannot be used (for example, fearing the effects of vibration on working equipment).

For pinching(pushing the pieces of rubble hanging between the rods of reinforcement) when laying and vibrating mixtures with a sediment cone 4 ... 8 cm in the hustically marked structures are used by vessels from the reinforcement steel. Suggests are also used for sealing plastic mixtures with a precipitating cone more than 8 cm.

Vibration- The main method of sealing concrete mixes with a precipitating cone from 0 to 9 cm. The essence of the process is that with the help of vibrators installed on the surface or lowered into the laid layer of concrete mix for some depth, located near the mixture components are involved in oscillatory horizontal and vertical movements developed by a vibrator with a certain inherent frequency and amplitude

Vibration is a short process. After 30 ... 100 s (depending on the conditions of vibration), the sedimentation of the concrete mixture is stopped and cement milk and air bubbles appear on the surface of the compacted concrete, which indicates the end of the effect of vibration. Further vibration can lead to a bundle of the mixture due to the lowering of large particles.

Device workers seams

Constructions are usually concreted with interruptions caused by the changeability of works, technological and organizational reasons. The place where the fresh concrete mixture is stacked after the break to the previously laid and already hardening concrete, called work seam.

In the bending structures, work seams are located in places with the smallest value of the re-grazing force. In the columns of the seams arrange at the level of the foundation, at the bottom of the runs, beams or crane consoles; In columns of boiled overlaps - at Niza or the top of the VTU, in the frames between the rack and the rigel. In high beams, monolithically associated with plates, seams are arranged, not reaching 20 ... 30 mm to the level of the lower surface of the plate.

It is possible to resume concreting after reaching the concrete at the working seam of the strength of at least 1.5 MPa. This determines the duration of the interruptions (18 ... 24 hours at a temperature of +15 ° C), as well as the location of the seams in accordance with the pace of laying. The surface of the working seam should be perpendicular to the axis of the element, and in the walls and plates to their surface. To do this, you need to install limit shields with slots for reinforcing rods , well attaching them to formwork panels.

Fig. VII .24 . Device of worker seams:a B C -the location of work seams in concreting columns,g, D.- the same, ribbed overlaps;e.- details of the device of the working seam; / - /, // - //,III -1 II. - Devices of the work seams

Features of concreting structures

Columns without crossed Khomutov it is concreted by sections with a height of 5 m. The concrete mixture is fed from the tube through the funnel and compact with deep vibrators. In concreting, the high height columns make a breakdown on concreting tiers. The last tier in height is concretized after reaching the concrete of the previous tier of 1.5 MPa and the working seam device (Fig. VII.24, but,b, in).

Columns S. dense reinforcement and crossed clamps , and also with the sides of the section less than 0.4 m, concrete without interruptions of no more than 2 m. The mixture with a precipitated cone 6 ... ... 8 cm is fed by link trunks through holes - "pockets" (Fig. VI 1.25, in),located in the side walls of the formwork. In the lower part of the column it is recommended to lay a layer of plastic cement solution with a thickness of 10 ... 20 cm of composition 1: 2 (1: 3) to ensure better adhesion with previously laid concrete.

Walls, partitions and hardness diaphragms More than 15 cm thick concrete, feeding the concrete mixture from above through funnels and trunks continuously to a height of 3 m. The masonry lead layers with a thickness of 0.5-0.8 the length of the working part of the vibrator tip. Walls with a thickness of less than 15 cm concrete up to 1.5 m. With a greater height of the wall for the convenience of reinforcement and laying a concrete mixture, formwork is installed on one side to the height of the tier, then the reinforcement is mounted and installed the second side of the formwork. The concrete mixture is fed from above or through pockets (Fig. VII. 25, e)and evenly distribute it (Fig. Vi 1.25, e).The walls of the tanks are recommended to concrete in height and perimeter without interruptions. Concrete walls and bottoms are joined in the places provided by the project. Returning walls can sometimes be concreted, feeding the mixture directly from the concrete bridge (Fig. VII.25, AB).

To concrete beams and slabs of overlaps , monolithically related to columns and walls, proceed 2 hours after concreting vertical structures, so that concrete laid in them managed to give an initial sediment. The beams and runs with a height of less than 800 mm are concreted by layers of 35 ... ... 40 cm simultaneously with the plates. At greater height of the beams, they are concreted separately, arranging the workshop at height.

The concrete mix in the beams is sealing deep vibrators with a flexible shaft, and in the plates - vibrobrus and surface vibrators. The worker sets the surface vibrator to its original position, turns on the engine and the crochet moves the vibrator to the end of the capture, then moves it perpendicular to the distance to the distance 30 .. 40 cm and moves the parallel strip in the opposite direction, overlapping the previous band by 3 ... 5 cm . The thickness of the layers of the concrete mix when laying it in a double reinforcement plate should not exceed 120 mm, and in the slab with single reinforcement or concrete - 250 mm. The ceiling plates are concreted in the direction of secondary or main beams, feeding the mixture in the direction of the previously laid concrete.