Rejection rates for steel rope slings

1. 1. The rejection of slings from steel ropes (cables) in operation is made according to the number of wire breaks over the length of one lay step. The rejection of ropes made of wires of the same diameter is carried out according to the data in Table. 1 and figure (hereinafter figures are not shown).
2. 2. The pitch of the rope is determined as follows. On the surface of a strand (see figure), a mark is applied (point A), from which as many strands are counted along the central axis of the rope as there are in the section of the rope (for example, 6 in a six-strand rope), and on the next strand after counting ( in this case, on the seventh), a second mark is applied (point B). The distance between the marks (points A and B) is taken as the pitch of the rope.
3. Multi-strand cables (for example, a rope 18 x 19 = 342 wires with one organic core) have 6 strands in the inner layer and 12 in the outer layer. The lay step in this case is determined by the number of strands in the outer layer.
4. 3. Rejection of a rope made of wires of various diameters, construction 6 x 19 = 114 wires with one organic core is made according to the data given in the first column of the table. 1, and the number of breaks as a rejection rate is taken as conditional. When calculating, a break in a thin wire is taken as 1, and a break in a thick wire is taken as 1.7.
5. For example, if there are six breaks of thin wires and five breaks of thick wires on the length of one rope lay with an initial safety factor of up to 6, then the conditional number of breaks is 6 x 1 + 5 x 1.7 = 14.5, i.e. more than 12 (see table. 1), therefore, the rope is rejected.
6. 4. The number of wire breaks along the length of one lay step as a criterion for rejecting a rope, the design of which is not indicated in table. 1, is determined based on the data placed in this table for the rope closest in the number of strands and the number of wires. For example, for a rope of construction 8 x 19 = 152 wires with one organic core closest to the table. 1 is a rope 6 x 19 = 114 wires with one organic core. To determine the sign of rejection, the number of breaks at one lay step for a rope 6 x 19 = 114 wires with one organic core should be multiplied by a factor of 96/72 = 1.33, where 96 and 72 are the number of wires in the outer layers of strands of one and the other ropes. The number of wires in the outer layers of the strands is determined by the standard for the respective rope or by counting.
7. Table 1
8. NUMBER OF WIRE BREAKING ON THE LENGTH OF ONE PITCH OF THE ROPE WHEEL, AT WHICH THE ROPE SHOULD BE DISABLED
9. The initial factor of the safety factor at the ratio established by the Rules Religious One-sided Relic One-sided Religious One-sided Religious One-sidedUp to 6 12 6 22 11 36 18 36 18

   Rope construction
   6 x 19 = 114		6 x 37 = 222		6 x 61 = 336		18 x 19 = 342
   		and one organic core		and one organic core		and one organic core
   Rope lay

10. table 2
11. ROPE DISABLING RULES DEPENDING ON SURFACE WEAR OR CORROSION
12. ┌─────────────────────────────────┬─────────────── ──────────────── │ │ │ tab. 1 │ ├────────────────────────────────┼───────────── ──────────────────┤ │10 │85 │ │15 │75 │ │20 │70 │ │25 │60 │ │30 and more │50 │ └──── ─────────────────────────────┴──────────────────── ──────────┘
13. 5. If the rope has surface wear or corrosion of the wires, the number of breaks at the lay step as a criterion for rejection should be reduced in accordance with the data in Table. 2. In case of wear (or corrosion), reaching 40% or more of the original diameter of the wires, the rope should be rejected.
14. Determination of wear or corrosion of wires by diameter is carried out using a micrometer or other instrument that provides sufficient accuracy. For this, the end of the wire is bent at the point of breakage in the area of ​​greatest wear. The remaining thickness of the wire is measured at the folded end after the preliminary removal of dirt and rust from it.
15. 6. When the number of wire breaks on the length of one lay step is less than indicated in table. 1 or as determined by the instructions in clauses 3, 4, 5 of this Appendix, as well as in the presence of surface wear of the wires without breakage, the sling can be allowed to work, subject to careful observation of its condition during periodic inspections with recording the results in the inspection log ...
16. 7. If a broken strand is found in the sling, the rope is not allowed for further work.
17. Note. The norms for rejecting the ropes of hoisting machines are given in the "Rules for the construction and safe operation of hoisting cranes", approved. Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia 12/30/92.

Rejection of tape slings manufactured according to RD 24-S3K-01-01 is mandatory in the following cases:

· In the absence of a tag on the sling or unreadable information about it.

If there are knots on the carrying straps of the textile sling

In case of transverse cuts or breaks in the strap of the textile sling

· In the event that there are longitudinal breaks or cuts on the tape of the textile sling with a total length of more than 10% of its entire length, as well as in the presence of single cuts or breaks with a length of more than 50 mm.

· In the presence of local stratification of the textile sling tape (except for the places where the edges of the tape are sealed) over a length of more than 0.5 m in total at one of the extreme or at two or more internal seams. (in case of breaking three or more seam lines).

· If there are local delamination of the textile sling tapes at the place where the tape edges are sealed over a length of more than 0.2 m. on one of the outer seams or on two or more inner seams (in case of breaking three or more seam lines).

· In case of peeling off the edge of the tape or stitching the tapes at the loop for a length of more than 10% of the length of the sealing of the ends of the tape.

· In the presence of surface breaks of the strap threads formed by rubbing the sling against the sharp edges of the load, the length of which exceeds 10% of the total length of the strap.

· If the tape is damaged by exposure to chemicals (acids, alkalis, oil products) with a total amount of such damage of more than 10% of the length or width of the textile sling or in the case of single damage more than 10% of the sling width and more than 50mm. length.

· When the threads are buckled from the tape of the textile sling at a distance of more than 10% of the width of the tape and in the presence of through holes from sharp objects, the diameter of which exceeds 10% of the width of the tape.

· In the presence of burnt holes from hot metal splashes, the diameter of which is more than 10% of the width of the tape, as well as in the presence of more than three through holes with a distance between them less than 10% of the width of the tape (regardless of their diameter).

· If the belt is more than 50% contaminated with oil products, resins, paints, cement or soil, the rejection of the sling is obligatory immediately.

· In the event of delamination of the threads on the tapes of the textile sling.

When any of these signs appear, the textile slings are rejected, because their subsequent operation is unsafe.

Do not repair the textile sling yourself.

On structural elements of a textile sling (such as staples, rings, loops, hangers, links, etc.), the following are not allowed:

1. cracks of any size - rejection of such slings is obligatory, cracks cannot be reduced and eliminated.

2. surface wear or dents resulting in a decrease in the cross-sectional area of ​​the element by 10% or more.

3. Deformation of the element, leading to a change in its original size by more than 3%.

4. Damage to fasteners and threaded connections. Rejection of slings is obligatory, according to the guidance document.

The service life of textile slings should also be observed.

Textile slings are tested with static load, which exceeds the lifting capacity of the sling by 1.3 times for 3 minutes. The textile sling is manufactured in accordance with RD 24-S3K-01-01. Correct operation of the textile sling is guaranteed when working in one shift within 1.5 months from the date of its operation. The shelf life of a textile sling is 6 months from the date of its manufacture, provided that it is stored and used correctly.

Appendix 6. Standards for rejection of rope and chain slings, as well as textile slings on a polymer basis Rejection of rope and chain slings in operation must be carried out according to the manufacturer's instructions, which determines the procedure and methods of inspection and rejection indicators.

In the absence of instructions from the owner, the rejection of elements of rope and chain slings is carried out in accordance with the recommendations given in this appendix.

A rope sling made of steel ropes is subject to rejection if the number of visible breaks of the outer wires of the rope exceeds that indicated in the table.

Note. d - rope diameter, mm.

The chain sling is subject to rejection when the chain link lengthens more than 3% of the original size (Fig. 1) and when the diameter of the chain link section decreases due to wear by more than 10% (Fig. 2).

When inspecting polymer-based textile slings, it is necessary to pay attention to the condition of the belts, seams, hooks, brackets, locking devices, clips, carabiners and their attachment points. Slings should not be allowed to work if:

• 
  there is no stamp (tag) or information about the sling is not readable, which contains information about the manufacturer, the lifting capacity of the sling, etc.
• 
  there are knots on the bearing straps of the slings;
• 
  there are transverse cuts or breaks in the tape, regardless of their size;
• 
  longitudinal cuts or breaks in the tape, the total length of which exceeds 10% of the length of the tape of the sling branch, as well as single cuts or breaks with a length of more than 50 mm;
• 
  local stratification of the sling tapes (except for the places where the edges of the tapes are sealed) over a total length of more than 0.5 m on one extreme seam or on two or more internal seams, accompanied by the rupture of three or more seam lines;
• 
  local delamination of the sling tapes at the place where the edges of the tape are sealed over a length of more than 0.2 m at one of the extreme seams or at two or more internal seams, accompanied by the rupture of three or more seam lines, as well as delamination of the edge of the tape or stitching of the tape at the loop over a length of more 10% of the length of the sealing (stitching) of the ends of the tapes;
• 
  surface breaks of tape threads with a total length of more than 10% of the tape width, caused by mechanical impact (friction) of the sharp edges of the load;
• 
  damage to belts from the effects of chemicals (acid, alkali, solvent, oil products, etc.) with a total length of more than 10% of the width of the belt or the length of the sling, as well as single damage of more than 10% of the width of the belt and more than 50 mm in length;
• 
  buckling of the threads from the sling tape at a distance of more than 10% of the tape width;
• 
  through holes with a diameter of more than 10% of the width of the tape from exposure to sharp objects;
• 
  burned through holes with a diameter of more than 10% of the width of the tape from the action of splashes of molten metal or the presence of three or more holes with a distance between them less than 10% of the width of the tape, regardless of the diameter of the holes;
• 
  contamination of belts (with oil products, resins, paints, cement, soil, etc.) more than 50% of the sling length;
• 
  a set of all the above defects in an area of ​​more than 10% of the width and length of the sling;
• 
  crushing or wear of more than 10% of the sling loop width.

It is prohibited to use slings with the following defects and damage to metal elements (rings, loops, brackets, suspensions, clips, carbines, links, etc.):

• 
  cracks of any size and location;
• 
  wear of the surface of the elements or the presence of local dents, leading to a decrease in the cross-sectional area by 10% or more;
• 
  the presence of permanent deformations leading to a change in the original size of the element by more than 3%;
• 
  damage to threaded connections and other fasteners.

Appendix 7. Recommended sign signaling when moving goods using PS

Operation	Drawing	Signal
Lift a load, or a load-gripping device (load-gripping device)		Intermittent movement of the hand up at waist level, palm facing up, arm bent at the elbow
Lower the load or load handling device (load handling device)		Intermittent movement of the hand down in front of the chest, palm facing down, arm bent at the elbow
Move Substation		Movement with an outstretched hand, palm facing in the direction of the required movement
Move the PS cargo cart		Movement of the arm bent at the elbow, palm facing the direction of the required movement of the cart
Swing boom PS		Movement of the arm bent at the elbow. the palm is facing the direction of the required movement of the arrow
Raise boom PS		Upward movement with an outstretched hand, previously pubescent to a vertical position, palm open
Lower boom PS		Downward movement with an outstretched hand, previously raised to a vertical position, palm open
Stop (stop climbing or moving)		A sharp movement of the hand to the right and left at belt level, palm facing down
Caution (to be used before giving any of the above signals when a slight movement is required)		The palms of the hands are facing one another at a short distance, while the arms are raised up

Slings are rejected: in the absence or damage of the mark (tag); in the absence of safety locks on the hooks; in case of malfunctions of the end elements (the presence of cracks, wear of the surface of the elements or local dents leading to a decrease in the cross-sectional area of ​​more than 10%); in case of deformation of the thimbles or their wear with a decrease in the size of the section by more than 15%; in the presence of cracks in the bushings or when the size of the latter changes by more than 10% of the original; if there are signs of displacement of the rope in the braid or bushings; in the presence of protruding ends of the wires at the place of the braiding, in the presence of a break in at least one strand, in the presence of mechanical deformations, breakage or extrusion of the core, a decrease in the diameter of the outer wire by 40%, a decrease in the diameter of the rope by 7% due to surface wear or corrosion, in case of damage due to the effects of electric arc discharge or temperatures. Rope slings must be rejected along the length of the section: 3d– 4 breaks; 6d - 6 breaks; 30d - 16 breaks, in the presence of faulty links, hooks:

a) the presence of cracks;

b) wear of surface elements that reduce the cross-sectional area by 10% or more;

c) permanent deformations that change the original size by more than 5%

4.Production of work with two cranes

Loading and moving goods by several cranes (two or more) are allowed in some cases: if the owner of the crane does not have the required lifting capacity or when the nature of the cargo does not allow using the existing lifting capacity.

Such work should be carried out in accordance with the PPR or technological map, which provides schemes for slinging and moving loads, indicating the sequence of operations performed, the position of the cargo ropes, as well as instructions for the safe movement of goods. In this case, the load on each crane, taking into account the weight of the load and the weight of the lifting devices, should not exceed its carrying capacity. The load must be strictly horizontal, slings, ropes, hooks in the design position. Work by drivers must be carried out strictly synchronously, at the minimum permissible uniform speed. If the load is skewed, a lowering command is given.

All work is supervised by the person in charge of the workshop for the safe performance of work by cranes

The stencil of the crane contains: the registration number of the crane, lifting capacity, the date of the next partial (WHAT) and complete (PTO) technical inspection.

Examination ticket number 7

1.The main causes of accidents

During the performance of work with cranes, accidents and accidents periodically occur, the main reasons for which are:

equipment malfunction;

incorrect (unreliable) slinging of cargo;

use of unsuitable load-handling devices and containers for lifting cargo;

finding people in the area served by the crane;

violation of technological maps of loading and unloading operations;

finding people in a gondola car, on a platform, in the body of a car, in a well when lifting or lowering a load;

non-observance of schemes and dimensions of storage of goods;

finding people in the cab of the car when loading or unloading it;

lifting a "dead" load;

finding people near a wall, column, stack or equipment while lifting or lowering a load;

pulling up the load with a crane when the cargo ropes are tilted;

finding people in the area of ​​the grab crane;

breakage of ropes;

poor health of the driver or slinger;

non-observance of the Rules of technical operation and the Rules of safety.

The norms for rejection of slings are regulated by the law of the Republic of Belarus of January 10, 2000. No. 8.2 / 138 "On industrial safety of hazardous production facilities" and "Rules for the construction and safe operation of cranes" and their numerous applications.

According to the requirements of the rules, before using lifting slings, to work on lifting and moving loads, it is necessary to thoroughly inspect them. Inspection is carried out by slingers or other responsible persons.

With constant operation, the rejection of lines is carried out regularly.

The results of the inspection are logged. Engineering and technical personnel responsible for the maintenance of lifting mechanisms in working order, including workers responsible for the proper operation of cranes, must inspect the lifting slings every 10 days.

In cases where the sling is rarely used and the rejection of the slings is not carried out systematically, the inspection is carried out immediately before its operation (that is, issuing it to the slingers for work).

When inspecting textile lifting slings, the main attention is paid to the condition and integrity of the belt, hooks, grips, hangers and their attachment points. If an inspection and rejection of rope slings is carried out, it is recommended to pay main attention to the condition of the ropes, the places where the rope is braided or where the ropes are crimped by the sleeve, hooks and hangers. When inspecting chain slings, it is necessary to check the condition of all its constituent elements: chains, hooks, connecting links, etc.

Rejection of textile slings.

Rejection of textile slings is mandatory in the following cases:

1. If there is no tag on the sling or information about it is not readable.
2. If there are knots on the carrying belts of the textile sling
3. In case of transverse cuts or breaks in the strap of the textile sling
4. In the event that there are longitudinal tears or cuts on the tape of the textile sling with a total length of more than 10% of its entire length, as well as in the presence of single cuts or breaks with a length of more than 50 mm.
5. In the presence of local stratification of the tape of the textile sling (except for the places where the edges of the tape are sealed) over a length of more than 0.5 m in total. At one of the extreme or at two or more internal seams. (in case of breaking three or more seam lines).
6. If there are local delamination of the textile sling tapes at the place where the tape edges are sealed over a length of more than 0.2 m. On one of the outer seams or on two or more inner seams (in case of breaking three or more seam lines).
7. In case of peeling off the edge of the tape or stitching the tapes at the loop for a length of more than 10% of the length of the sealing of the ends of the tape.
8. In the presence of surface breaks of the tape threads, formed by friction of the sling against the sharp edges of the load, the length of which exceeds 10% of the total length of the tape.
9. If the tape is damaged by the effects of chemicals (acids, alkalis, oil products) with a total amount of such damage of more than 10% of the length or width of the textile sling or in case of single damage more than 10% of the sling width and more than 50 mm. Long.
10. When the threads come out of the tape of the textile sling at a distance of more than 10% of the width of the tape and in the presence of through holes from sharp objects, the diameter of which exceeds 10% of the width of the tape.
11. In the presence of burnt holes from hot metal splashes, the diameter of which is more than 10% of the width of the strip, as well as in the presence of more than three through holes with a distance between them less than 10% of the width of the strip (regardless of their diameter).
12. If the tape is more than 50% contaminated with petroleum products, resins, paints, cement or primer.
13. When stranding the threads on the tapes of the textile sling.

On structural elements of a textile sling (staples, loops, hangers, links, etc.), the following are not allowed:

1. Cracks of any size.
2. Surface wear or dents resulting in a reduction in the cross-sectional area of ​​a member by 10% or more.
3. Deformations of an element, leading to a change in its original size by more than 3%.
4. Damage to fasteners and screw connections.

Rejection of rope slings.

Steel rope slings made in accordance with GOST 25573-82 are not allowed to work in the following cases:

1. Lack of a passport for the sling, tags with the specified information about the sling
2. If there are knots, kinks, kinks or twists on the rope.
3. If the diameter of the cable has decreased due to wear or corrosion by 7% or more
4. In the case of a decrease in the diameter of the outer wires of the rope due to wear or corrosion by 40% or more.
5. If a strand of rope breaks.
6. When squeezing out the rope core
7. If the lanyard is damaged by temperature or electric arc discharge
8. If the thimble of the line is deformed.
9. The wear of the thimble section exceeds 15%
10. If there are cracks in the pressing sleeve or if its dimensions change by more than 10%
11. In the absence of safety locks on hooks or other lifting elements of the rope sling

If any of these damage occurs, the rope slings are rejected. Further use of such a sling is dangerous.

On the elements of the rope sling (links, hooks, lyre, suspension, etc.), the following are not allowed:

1. Deformations leading to a change in the dimensions of the sling element by more than 3%.

Rejection of chain slings.

Rejection of chain slings is mandatory if:

1. In the absence and damage of the sling tag, as well as in the absence of a passport for the sling
2. If the marked designations on the elements of the sling are not readable
3. If the difference in the lengths of the branches of the sling during the free sag is more than 15 mm, the rejection of the sling is mandatory
4. In the event of an extension of a chain link, connecting links and hangers by more than 5% of their original size
5. If, due to wear, the cross-sectional diameter of the chain links or connecting links has decreased by more than 8%
6. In the absence of safety locks on the hooks or load-lifting elements of the chain sling

If any of the listed defects is found, the chain slings are rejected.

On the elements of the chain sling (staples, hooks, connecting links, etc.), the following are not allowed:

1. Cracks of any size, delamination, tears and hairs
2. Surface wear and dents that reduce the cross-sectional area of ​​the sling elements by 10% or more
3. Deformations leading to a change in the dimensions of the sling element by more than 5%
4. Damage to element fasteners and threaded connections.

Terms of operation of slings.
Rope slings are tested with static load, which exceeds the lifting capacity of the sling by 1.25 times for 10 minutes. Rope slings are manufactured in accordance with GOST 25573-82. Correct work is guaranteed when working in one shift during 3 months.

Chain slings are tested with a static load that exceeds the lifting capacity of the sling by 1.25 for 10 minutes. Correct operation of the chain sling is guaranteed when working in one shift during 6 months from the day the sling was put into operation.

Textile slings are tested with static load, which exceeds the lifting capacity of the sling by 1.25 times for 10 minutes. Correct operation of the textile sling is guaranteed when working in one shift during 1st month from the date of the beginning of its operation.

IT IS FORBIDDEN TO USE SLINGS FOR LIFTING AND INSURING PEOPLE !!!