What is the function of the pelvic bone. Pelvic bone: structure and typical diseases, injuries, causes of pain. Typical diseases, prognosis

The pelvic bone is the largest bone structure in the human body.

In addition to the function performed by the pelvis, determined by the property of the connection with the lower limbs, it is entrusted with the performance of many functional tasks. Since one of the functions is to maintain normal support, the pelvic girdle is designed in such a way that in the female and male skeletal structure it is characterized by the difference in the functional features assigned to it.

Anatomy of the human pelvis

The anatomy of the human pelvis has clearly demarcated structures that interact with each other in various ways (from adjacent touch, to direct dependence on one another). For each bone tissue, a specific function is predetermined, which must be successfully reproduced in order to prevent the failure of the entire skeletal system, soft tissues, tendons and muscles.

The hip bone plays a significant role in the functioning of both legs, the part close to the pelvis is articulated and surrounded by the hip joint. Since the anatomy of the structure of the skeletal column and adjacent bone structures of the female and male body are different, it is necessary to thoroughly understand the natural location and structure of the pelvis.

Pelvic bones

The pelvic bones of the human skeletal column are formed under the fusion of two components: two innominate hip bones and the sacrum. Their strengthening occurs due to the ligamentous apparatus and the joint, which is characterized by low mobility. The outlet and inlet of the pelvic bone tissue are covered with muscle tissue. This is a rather important feature of the structure, allowing the normal passage of the natural process of childbirth. Nerve fibers and blood vessels pass through the multiple gaps of the pelvic bone.

The structure of the pelvic bones is such that its anterior and lateral zones end with innominate bones. The posterior zone is limited by the sacrum and coccyx, which is the final structure of the spinal column.

Unnamed bones

The nameless bones of the human pelvis are located somewhat apart, they have three bone formations in their structure. At an early age, up to the age of 16, the bones are endowed with articular properties, subsequently the lower branch is connected by the acetabulum. The pelvis is strengthened by muscle tissue and ligaments. The natural location of the innominate bone implies the union of the ilium, pubic, ischial hard tissues.

The iliac is located in the region of the acetabulum, has a wing. Its inner surface is represented by a concave shape; intestinal loops are located in the space adjacent to it. A little lower, the innominate border overlaps the opening of the small pelvis. In the female body, this place is important for medical diagnosis during pregnancy.

The outer surface is dotted with three lines to which the gluteal muscles are attached. The edge is presented in the form of a scallop, which ends with natural structures. The wings of the ilium, characterized by the presence of inner and outer layers, play an important role in the structure of the skeleton. Starting from the lower, ending with the iliac, bone structures are important anatomical landmarks in medical practice.

Differences between the female and male pelvis

Distinctive features of the pelvic region is the difference in the structure of the skeleton of the female and male body. Since the female pelvis involves the reproduction of offspring, it is the main participant in childbirth. Medical practice highlights the particular importance of not only clinical, but also X-ray anatomy.

Functions

The human pelvis is equipped with massive strong joints, provides the main function - the support. That is why the strength of the pelvic bone tissue is quite important, which allows it to withstand an increased load. The part of the pelvic bone tissue that follows the pelvis consists of the thigh, kneecaps, shins and feet.

The pelvic girdle suggests the following functions of this part of the skeleton:

support and movement (the entire weight of the mass of the upper body of a person is superimposed on the pelvis);
the protective function involves the protection of the internal organs of the hip girdle.

Support and movement

The anatomical structure of a person implies the presence of a high-strength element in which the individual ones merge together, forming a strong massive bone. In its central part on the outer surface there is a recess called the acetabulum, which is articulated with the femoral head. This place is the main point that takes on the pressure of the body weight, as well as the epicenter of the motor activity of the upper part of the human body.

Hence the conclusion follows: the pelvic bone must have an optimally strong structure, a large diameter, have sufficient depth and a sheer edge. In it, the pelvic bones grow together during growing up (sciatic, iliac, pubic).

The human pelvis also performs the functions of movement in space. This function provides upright posture of a person. Thanks to the bones of the pelvis, the axis of the skeleton and the competent distribution of the load of body weight on the lower limbs are maintained.

Since the function of support and movement allows a person to carry out physical activity, with diseases of the musculoskeletal system, it loses its effectiveness.

Protection

Since there are many vital organs in the human body, the protective function is of great importance for their normal functioning. Thanks to the protection, the preservation of the spine, anterior abdominal wall, and other internal structures, consisting of soft tissues, cartilage, tendons, and muscles, is ensured.

The largest bone in the human skeleton is the pelvic bone. It is of great importance in the activity of the musculoskeletal system, uniting the body with the lower limbs. Its complex anatomical structure is due to its diverse functionality and huge load, and it exerts pressure on both sides.

Anatomical features of the pelvic girdle

The hip section consists of a pair of hip bones, which belong to the flat group. They contribute to the stability of the lower extremities, evenly distributing the load, which depends on body weight. The pelvic bones of a man are united in the pubic symphysis, and together with the sacral region and the coccyx form the pelvis. At birth, both pelvic bones are presented as three separate parts, separated by cartilaginous formations. Over time, they grow together, forming one complete bone, and their articulation is called a deep hemispherical or acetabular cavity, which connects to the hip joint. Due to the origin of the pelvic bone, it is used to be considered as a bone consisting of three parts.

Bones of the pelvis

The human pelvic bones are the most massive part of the musculoskeletal system, and the structure of the pelvic bone is determined by the supporting function. It consists of three different sections: iliac, ischial, and pubic. The fusion of these areas begins during puberty. This happens just in those areas where the pressure on the pelvis is maximum. One of these areas is the acetabulum, in which the head of the femur is located. So after the articulation of these parts, the hip joint is formed.

The iliac part of the pelvis, consisting of a wing and a body, is localized above the acetabulum. One edge of the wing is presented in the form of a comb, to which the abdominal muscles are attached. From the back of the iliac bone, its plane is combined with the sacroiliac joint

The pubic bone is localized under the acetabulum on the front side. It is presented in the form of two branches, which are connected at an angle. Between them is a cartilaginous layer. All these elements form the pubic symphysis. It plays a very important role during childbirth in women: when the fetus leaves the womb, cartilage tissues are deformable, due to which the pelvic bones move apart. This contributes to the normal birth of the child. This fact explains why the pelvic bone in men is much narrower than in women.

The ischium is located on the back of the pelvis, at the same level as the pubis, only on the opposite side. The bone structure of this department has a bumpy surface, thanks to which a person can take a sitting position. This area is closed by muscle and fat layer, which softens the situation. In addition, the hip section consists of the coccyx and sacrum, creating an annular pelvic cavity.

pelvic joint

The hip joint performs very important actions, thanks to which people are able to walk, run, jump, or perform other manipulations related to this department. Its development begins during the period of gestation, when a tiny organism is just being formed. After birth, the hip joint is presented as cartilage, which begins to gradually harden and then bulge out, forming a stronger bone structure. This process continues until the adult human body is fully formed. After that, bone growth stops, but other processes - a change in shape, localization and structure - still continue.

The head of the femur is covered with cartilaginous flesh, and the neck of the femur connects directly to the bone itself at the acetabulum. Outside, the articulation plane is covered with a strong tissue, and inside it is reinforced with several ligaments that perform protective functions, contributing to the cushioning of the bones of the femoral joint during movement, and also protect the blood vessels inside the joint from damage.

The ilio-femoral ligaments are considered the strongest ligaments of the human body, the diameter of which can be up to 10 mm. They perform very significant actions: braking, during rotational or extensor movements. The pubofemoral ligaments act similarly, but only in an extended position.

Main functions

The anatomy of the human pelvic bone is endowed with a complex structure and performs the following functions.

Support - to support the spine.
Protective - warns the internal organs of the hip girdle from external physical influences and damage: urea, intestines and reproductive organs. It is considered the most important function, as it protects the vital organs of the human body.
The hip region serves as the center of gravity of the musculoskeletal system.
Hematopoietic - contributes to the production of blood, due to the large amount of red bone marrow.

Since the main function of the pelvis is protection, if it is damaged, there is a risk of complications associated with damage to the internal organs of the pelvic girdle. Therefore, traumatism of the hip department most often entails serious consequences.

How to maintain hip strength

The main method of prevention of the hip section is the control of body weight. The larger it is, the stronger the load on the pelvis. Experts calculated the load based on the weight category of a person. For one extra kilogram, there is a load of 2 kg more than the norm when walking, 5 kg for lifting, and when running or jumping - 10 kg. Thus, obesity contributes to the rapid wear of the joints and the risk of osteoarthritis. Therefore, playing sports prolongs the period of wear of the joints of the pelvic region.

For pathological diseases of the joints or excess weight, doctors recommend doing simple exercises, walking more or cycling. Swimming also has a beneficial effect on the joints. Moreover, in such sports, there is no pressure on the pelvic joints. In case of fractures, after the bones have already grown, doctors advise gradually increasing the load. This is done so that the joints become stronger and take their former performance.

In people of retirement age, the bones no longer have such strength and are more likely to be injured. Therefore, to increase their strength, it is necessary to eat foods rich in calcium. A large amount of this element contains dairy products, grains and legumes, walnuts, green vegetables, fish, fruits. In addition, patients may be prescribed medications that contain a sufficient amount of calcium.

Based on the above information, it can be noted that a healthy lifestyle, including proper nutrition, sports or light gymnastics, contributes to the long-term functioning of the joints of the pelvic girdle. In addition, a sufficient amount of calcium in the body, required to strengthen bone tissue, will reduce the risk of injury.

The skeleton is...

The skeleton is dead, long dead...

So answered Kirum N., a student of the 2nd grade

Skeleton of the pelvic girdle and lower limbs

The skeleton of the lower extremities is formed by the bones of the pelvic girdle and the free lower extremities.

The pelvic girdle, or pelvis, consists of firmly connected three bones: the sacrum, two massive pelvic bones (ilium and ischium), between which the third is located - the pubic, fused together after 16 years. The pubic bones are connected to each other with the help of cartilage, inside of which there is a slit-like cavity (the connection is called a semi-joint). The pelvis includes coccygeal bone. There are large and small pelvis. The large pelvis is formed by the wings of the ilium, and the small pelvis is formed by the pubic, ischial bones, sacrum and coccyx. In the small pelvis there is an upper (inlet) opening, a cavity and a lower opening, or exit.

In the cavity of the small pelvis are the bladder, rectum and genital organs (in women - the uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries, in men - the prostate gland, seminal vesicles, vas deferens). The pelvis in women is the birth canal. The female pelvis is wider than the male and shorter, which is of great importance for childbearing (the size of the male pelvis is 1.5-2 cm smaller than the size of the female pelvis).

The femur is the largest of the tubular bones of the human body. Patella(patella) has the shape of a triangle with rounded corners. It is adjacent to the lower end of the femur, is located in the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle and is part of the knee joint. There are two bones in the lower leg - the tibia and the fibula. Tibia located on the lower leg from the inside and much thicker than the fibula.

The bones of the foot are divided into the bones of the tarsus, metatarsus and phalanges of the fingers. There are seven bones in the tarsus (calcaneus, calcaneus, or talus, scaphoid, cuboid, and three cuneiform). On the heel there is a calcaneal tubercle. There are five tarsal bones (tubular). At the lower end of the tibia there is a protrusion called the malleolus and an articular surface for connection with the metatarsus.

The bones of the toes are shorter than the corresponding phalanges of the fingers, and the big toe has two phalanges (the rest have three) and is not opposed, as in monkeys. The bones of the free lower limb are connected to each other with the help of joints, the largest are the hip, knee and ankle. The greatest movement is possible in the upper foot (ankle) and lower foot joints, since the foot primarily performs the function of support.

The bones of the foot are not located in the same plane, but form bends in the longitudinal and transverse directions: there are longitudinal and transverse arches. The presence of arches protects (reduces) from shocks during various movements, i.e. vaults act as shock absorbers when walking and jumping. In some people, flattening of the arches of the foot is observed (there are no arches in great apes) - flat feet develop, which leads to painful sensations.

The anatomical structure of the human pelvis resembles a large bowl, which is formed by two pelvic bones, the coccyx and the sacrum. The muscles of the peritoneum, back and legs are attached to the pelvic bones. The organs of the abdominal cavity, located in the pelvic ring, are protected by these bones and muscles from external influences.

General structure of the pelvis

The two large innominate pelvic bones come together in front of an area called the pubic symphysis or symphysis pubis. Actually the pubis is formed by their convergence. Below is the pubic arch, formed by an angle below the pubis in front of the pelvis. As a rule, in men this arc is narrower than in women. Behind the pubic symphysis, the pelvic bone connects to the coccyx and sacrum. The junction is a flat, wide articulation between the iliac wing and the sacrum and is called the sacroiliac. Below the sacrum is the coccyx - the lowest part of the spine, forming the back of the wall of the pelvic ring and representing a rudimentary tail.

Pelvic bone. Functions

The main function that the massive bones of the pelvis perform is supporting. This explains the atypical structure that the pelvic bone has. It bears most of the load in the vertical position of the body and allows you to transfer body weight to your legs with greater reliability. There are left and right innominate pelvic bones. They are the largest skeletal formations in the human body and the main elements of the lower belt. It is on them that the weight of the entire upper body is accounted for. This provides two other important functions of the pelvic bones - efficient movement and upright posture. As a supporting element, the pelvis has high strength and a structure of such a shape, which makes it possible to protect the internal organs located in its cavity.

Pelvic bone. Structure

The strongest and largest supporting element of the lower girdle is formed by three separate bones that have grown together. This is the ischium, ilium and pubis or pubis. In childhood, up to about sixteen years of age, these three bones are connected to each other only by cartilage. With age, their fusion occurs and a single nameless pelvic bone is formed.

Photos showing the bones of the pelvis clearly demonstrate the shape and structure of each element of the lower belt. The upper part of the pelvic bone is formed by the ilium, the posterior lower part is the ischium, and the lower anterior part is the pubic or pubic.

Like other bones of the skeleton, the pelvic bone has areas to which ligaments and muscles are attached. There are specific roughnesses, protrusions, scallops and tubercles that provide reliable adhesion of muscle fibers to the pelvic ring. So, for example, the sartorius muscle of the anterior part of the thigh and the inguinal ligament are attached to the bony protrusion of the superior anterior iliac spine on the ilium. The upper part is formed by an extension called a scallop. This is a convex edge going back from the protruding superior anterior iliac spine. There are two large protrusions on the ischium - the ischial spine and the ischial tuberosity, which bears the main load when the body is sitting.

Just below the middle part of the pelvic bone is the acetabulum, which is a bowl-shaped depression. It forms the part of the hip joint where the head of the femur is located. Below the acetabulum is a large opening. This formation of the pelvic bone is closed by connective tissue.

Causes of pelvic pain

If you experience discomfort in the area of the lower belt, it is recommended to consult a specialist doctor. It can be not only a surgeon or a traumatologist, but also a rheumatologist, oncologist and hematologist. Pain in the pelvic bone can have different causes. And it is necessary to identify a specific pathology in time in order to protect yourself from a more serious problem - immobilization.

Ossalgia are specific pains provoked by various diseases that can affect the pelvic bone. These include injuries, infections, inflammation of the tendons and joints, systemic diseases. Pain can be aggravated by damage to the pelvic bones themselves, as well as structures adjacent to them - muscles, cartilage, tendons or fascia.

Also, the causes of ossalgia can be excessive stress on the pelvic area during training, various tumors, blood diseases, bone metabolism disorders, and taking hormonal drugs. Diseases such as osteomyelitis and tuberculosis destroy the tissues that form the pelvic bone. Photos of bones affected by these infections can give an idea of the consequences of infection and delayed treatment.

Pelvic pain during pregnancy

The monthly increase in the load on the pelvic area during pregnancy and the stretching of the uterine ligaments cause discomfort in many women. The uterus is fixed by ligaments that prevent it from moving forward and wandering. But the connective tissue of these ligaments is not very elastic, it does not stretch enough, although the growth of the uterus forces it to do so. That is why during pregnancy, the back, legs and pelvic area, including the pelvic bone, can hurt. Its structure in women and men differs, which is associated with childbearing. Pain in the pelvis can sometimes disturb throughout the entire period of bearing a child, but pregnant women, as a rule, gradually get used to them.

One of the largest and most massive bones in the human body is the pelvic. It performs many functions, thanks to which a person can walk, and indeed move. But not every person thought about its structure.
Content:

The structure of the pelvic bone

First of all, it is worth noting that the pelvic bone and the sacrum together form a bone pelvis, without which a person simply could not exist.

Until about the age of 16, this human bone consists of three separate bones, which, after some time, will gradually grow together until one whole bone is obtained.

So, the pelvic bone consists of:

Iliac. This is the largest bone in the entire pelvis, which is a massive body with a large cavity. Thanks to this bone, the pelvic bone and the femoral head are attached.
Pubic. This bone consists of three parts and is a kind of connector
Ischial. This is the trailing bone, which connects to the pubis, and forms with it the obturator foramen

Thanks to such a powerful structure of the pelvic bone, a person does not experience any difficulties in moving.

The pelvis performs several important functions, including:
Support. It is thanks to this bone that a person stands exactly in place. All the weight, all the weight is on her. Therefore, the likelihood of fractures and other injuries depends on how strong the pelvic bone is.
Protection. This bone protects many organs that are located in the lower abdomen from direct external influences.
Motion. The bones are connected so neatly that a person can safely walk without falling or waddling from side to side.

The structure of the pelvic bone is very unusual. But all its features can be noticed only when it has not yet grown together into a single whole, that is, up to 16 years.

Causes of pelvic pain

Often, people complain of unpleasant and painful sensations that occur in the pelvic area. There are many reasons why they may appear. The main ones are considered to be:

High load during training, as well as during simple sports. This happens when a person does a lot of squats and also lifts too much weight.
Tumors of various nature. As a rule, tumors block the path for normal blood circulation, and also affect the nerve endings, thereby provoking the appearance of unpleasant sensations.
Bone problems, which can be brittle, brittle, etc.
Taking medications, as well as hormones that have a direct effect on the entire human body
Congenital disorders in the structure of the pelvic bone
Diseases of the circulatory system
Diseases of the genitourinary and reproductive system
Long stay in the same position. This usually happens with those people who are forced to lie down due to health problems.
Pregnancy
fractures

Quite often, discomfort in the pelvic area is provoked by an infection in the body, as well as a slight destruction of the cartilage. It should be noted that if even a slight, but unpleasant sensation appears, it is necessary to consult a doctor in order to find out the true cause of the discomfort, and, if necessary, begin treatment.

Pregnancy and pain

This is the most beautiful period in the life of any woman. But in most cases, it is overshadowed by various painful sensations. The most common complaint of expectant mothers is pelvic pain.

It must be said right away that these pains do not indicate the presence of some kind of defect, they only indicate that the woman's body is gradually preparing for childbirth.
Painful sensations appear because every day the uterus increases in size, and it needs more and more space.

That is why the ligaments begin to stretch. But, as a rule, not all ligaments and tendons are designed to be stretched. Yes, and rapid growth always brings discomfort.

Many women note that such pain appeared only in the third trimester. They begin to appear especially strongly a few days before childbirth, when, as doctors say, "the bones begin to diverge."

In this case, you don’t need to do anything, you just have to wait and endure, since this is a completely normal physiological process. The only thing you can do is try to avoid sudden movements.

In the event that a person suddenly began to be disturbed by unpleasant and painful sensations in the pelvic area, then an urgent need to visit a doctor. You should contact either a gynecologist or a traumatologist.

The pelvic bone is one of those bones that experiences a tremendous load every day. That is why, it is necessary to carefully monitor your own, since any injury to the pelvic bone can lead, at best, to temporary immobility.