Insulation of the frame house with foam outside. Frame houses. Features of the insulation of residential frame houses with expanded polystyrene

The insulation used in construction is polystyrene (expanded polystyrene) - this is plastic, foamed in the factory with giving it a certain set of operational properties. According to the new regulatory documents, it is labeled "PPS". Suitable for house insulation in stages of construction and additional insulation old dwelling, for work outside the building and from the inside. In this case, the material is selected for specific conditions and tasks, and installation work is performed in strict accordance with the technology.

Advantages and disadvantages of foam

It is widely believed among ordinary people that polystyrene is the very brittle plates that consist of small white balls. In fact it is pressless expanded polystyrene(BSP). It maintains heat in the house due to the air in most of its volume. Pressless expanded polystyrene is an inexpensive insulation with its pros and cons. The pluses include:

• Moisture resistance. For 30 full days water absorption of the material does not exceed 4%.
• Deformation resistance, shape stability. This is understood as the ability of expanded polystyrene to maintain its geometry during operation.
• Inorganic origin. Such insulation does not grow moldy, does not lend itself to the influence of other harmful microorganisms.
• Light weight. Polyfoam does not create an increased load on the frame of the house, foundation, external walls.
• Resistant to temperature extremes.
• Fire resistance. There is a myth that Styrofoam is a combustible material. However, non-compressed polystyrene foam of the class G1 is more fire resistant than wood.

The main disadvantage is the low vapor permeability of the foam, which makes it a "non-breathable" material. As a result, the wooden frame of the house can become moldy. Also BSP has low compressive strength, afraid of any chemicals containing solvents.

Wall insulation technology with foam

Styrofoam can be insulated concrete, brick and wood walls... For them, the installation technology is slightly different, but for internal and external walls, the principle of operation is the same.

Thermal insulation of concrete and brick walls

A material with a density of 25 kg / m 3 is suitable for insulating the outer walls of a house with foam. It is about him that consumers leave the most positive reviews.

In this case, the technology for performing work on a concrete or brick surface is as follows:

1. Preparing the walls. At this stage, they are cleaned of the old coating, leveled, and dedusted. Height differences should not exceed 2 cm.
2. Priming the walls. Need to improve adhesion between the working surface and the adhesive on which the foam sheets are attached.
3. Installation of ebb tides, external window slopes. At the same stage, the cavities formed by them are filled with insulation or a mixture of glue with a crumb of insulation.
4. Bonding of expanded polystyrene. Glue is poured onto the wall with a spatula - pointwise and around the perimeter of the foam sheet. Then his pressed against the wall, slap lightly. The seams between the insulation are staggered (T-shaped).
5. Additional fixing of expanded polystyrene. Three days after gluing the insulation, it is additionally nailed nails with plastic disc dowels... 5-6 fasteners are enough for one sheet.
6. Processing of joints between sheets of insulation. For work use polyurethane foam, the excess of which is cleaned off after drying.

Installation of polystyrene according to this scheme is called glue. It is often performed under plaster. To do this, a reinforcing mesh is then glued to the insulation, the corners are strengthened with perforated corners, and a leveling mixture is applied.

Thermal insulation of wooden and frame walls

To insulate wooden walls, a crate is pre-mounted on the outside. Sheets of polystyrene are laid in it. In general, the sequence of actions is as follows:

1. Wall surface preparation. Elimination of irregularities, chips, cracks, protruding elements, wood processing antiseptics and fire retardants.
2. Installation of the frame. They are made of wooden beams, the thickness of which is equal to the thickness of the insulation. Self-tapping screws for wood are used to fix the lathing.
3. Fixation of the vapor barrier membrane.
4. Laying the insulation in the cells formed by the bars. Styrofoam should fit tightly into the space between the racks... Additionally, it is fixed using disc dowels.
5. Laying waterproofing. Usually it is a polyethylene film, the strips of which are overlapped (10-15 cm). Seams are glued with sealing tape.
6. Installation of counter rails. These are horizontal beams that are attached to the crate to form a ventilation gap between the insulation and the cladding.

Similarly, they are made with foam. Only in this case, the frame racks serve as the vertical beams of the sheathing.

Thermal insulation "pie" with foam for the roof

For roofing, polystyrene foam is used as a heater as part of an insulating "pie". It is laid between the rafters. From the side of the room, expanded polystyrene protects the vapor barrier layer, and from the side of the street - waterproofing and roofing material... Roof insulation technology is no different from working with the walls of a frame house.

It is important to note that a lot of noise enters the house through the roof. Expanded polystyrene cannot boast of good protection against them. For this reason, on the side of the dwelling, it is necessary to lay additional layer of sound insulation. It is mounted under the final ceiling sheathing.

Floor insulation with foam

Pressless expanded polystyrene can be used to insulate floors - concrete and wood. In the first case, the insulation is placed under the concrete screed in such a way that a kind of "pie" is obtained. Its layers:

• waterproofing the base with plastic wrap;
• foam as insulation;
• leveling screed 1-1.5 cm thick;
• metal reinforcing mesh;
• finishing concrete screed 5-6 cm thick.

In a frame or wooden house, the floors can also be insulated with expanded polystyrene. Usually it is placed in cells formed by wooden logs. Lay under the foam waterproofing film, and from above it is covered with a vapor barrier. On top of all these layers, an additional crate is mounted and sheathed with plywood, board, OSB. In the space formed between the vapor barrier and the cladding, lay

Production of foam formwork

From hollow foam blocks, you can do it yourself with your own hands to assemble a permanent formwork for the foundation of a residential building. This saves time makes construction cheaper... Also, the expanded polystyrene formwork serves as an additional heat-insulating layer for the foundation.

Please note: for this type of work, the density of the foam must be higher than 25 kg / m 3.

Work begins with the standard marking of the site, digging a trench, laying a sand and gravel cushion for drainage. Then a thin layer of concrete is poured onto it, which, after hardening, will become the basis for the formwork... Along the perimeter of the entire foundation, reinforcement is embedded in concrete. Foam blocks are put on it, reliably connecting them with jumpers. At the next stage, all blocks are aligned horizontally and poured with concrete. Then the solution is tamped using deep vibrators... The walls of a residential building can be erected in the same way.

Thus, foam is a versatile material that is suitable for thermal insulation of the entire house - from the foundation to the roof. However, if you insulate most of the building with it, take care of high-quality supply and exhaust ventilation. For "non-breathing" expanded polystyrene, this is important.

Currently, siding is used for wall decoration outside with quite often. Before the siding is installed, the frame should be insulated with foam.

Insulation with extruded Penoplex or mineral wool endows the frame house with a number of advantageous features.

1 The advantages of frame structures

When insulating frame frames with polystyrene foam, on top of which siding will be mounted, a frame-type house significantly improves its performance. This improves:

• Thermal insulation characteristics;
• Noise isolation;
• Water vapor permeability;
• Performance indicators.

Based on the fact that it performs a number of protective functions for such a heat insulator as Penoplex, it can be assumed that insulating a frame house with foam outside or inside would be a rational solution.

The technology allows, as an alternative to polystyrene, not to consider and further use extruded polystyrene foam for insulating the walls of a frame house from the outside and from the inside.

For the same purpose, you can use mineral wool or Penoplex. Siding will be able to press the insulation from the inside to the surface of the walls with the necessary degree of accuracy.

To insulate a frame house from the inside with mineral wool, in order to subsequently place siding on the outer surface of the walls, you need to take into account certain rules and recommendations.

In addition, siding provides a reliable level of protection for the walls and thermal insulation layer. Currently, frame structures are very popular among most private homeowners, the construction of such a house is quite economical and profitable.

The structure itself is quite simple, it consists of an installed foundation and a frame placed on it, made using wood.

Next, the installed frame is sheathed with plywood or OSB boards (similar). It should be noted that the cost of wood materials used in the construction of frame houses is much lower than alternative counterparts.

In addition, an already built frame-type house in terms of cost is significantly lower than the same structure erected with the use of stone or brick.

It takes only 14 days to build the walls of such a building. After that, the walls are finished from the inside. The entire structure weighs very little, which in no way affects the strength characteristics.

This also contributes to a low load on the entire foundation structure of the building. All this suggests that frame-type houses are reliably protected from sudden subsidence of the foundations, which can lead to the formation of splits and cracks.

2 Features of materials and technology of insulation

The process of building and further warming a frame house is not associated with any technological difficulties.

Based on this, it should be concluded that it will be quite easy to fix the siding and carry out the subsequent strengthening of the walls.

When assembling the frame of such a building, in most cases, a wooden beam is used, which subsequently forms the walls of the future house as during installation.

In most cases, such a building is sheathed from the inside with clapboard, after which work begins, directly related to insulation.

First, the surface of the walls is sheathed with a sheet of thick plywood. This happens indoors.

At the end of these works, they begin the process of warming that part of the building, which is called the facade. When implementing such a campaign, additional niches may appear in some walls, which are created due to the fact that a rack bar is used during construction.

Further, all such niches are subjected to foam insulation. Finishing of internal surfaces is carried out in the first place, since this is a necessary preliminary stage associated with the process of insulating the front side of the building.

Without this, it is strictly forbidden to continue further work (including the installation of siding). When sheathing the inner frame, the owner receives a ready-made solution in order to lay the insulation.

Before implementing this type of work, it is worth taking into account that the wall insulation scheme for a frame house consists of a number of elements. They are presented in the form:

• Load-bearing wall;
• Lathing;
• Thermal insulation layer;
• Air gap;
• Membranes;
• Siding.

Polyfoam is presented in the form of an environmentally friendly and harmless material. This insulation is characterized by ease of installation, it can be cut very easily.

At the same time, the foam plastic is characterized by a high degree of ease of use. The presented insulation has a porous structure, which is formed from a large number of cells independent of each other.

Expanded polystyrene has a low specific gravity and is characterized by high thermal insulation properties, mechanical strength and high fire resistance parameters.

Polyfoam is one of the highest quality thermal insulation materials. It perfectly combines the parameters of price and quality.

Plates of extruded polystyrene foam have high strength characteristics and are distinguished by a dense, closed-type cellular structure.

All boards are produced with an orientation to the extrusion method, and at the final stage of production, a special foaming agent is added to the melted polystyrene.

It is worth noting that extruded polystyrene foam is characterized by an underestimated coefficient of thermal conductivity. This material is not capable of absorbing moisture and has increased compressive strength.

During production, special composite materials are used that are in a high-pressure zone. The use of flame retardant additives, dyes and all kinds of foaming additives, which are needed for the formation of gas in the internal structure, is relevant.

You can start installing siding at almost any time of the year. When installing siding, you need to pay attention to the air temperature, it should not fall below -10 degrees Celsius.

This is due to the fact that when the temperature drops, vinyl can easily crack during installation work.

All stages of work related to the insulation of the facade of a frame house are carried out in parallel with the installation of the battens on a brick or stone wall.

The batten layer helps to hide obvious imperfections or irregularities in the wall surface. In order for the insulation to be securely fixed on the outer surface of the wall, first of all, it is necessary to assemble the lathing, which is presented in the form of a frame.

The frame structure itself can be made using timber beams or galvanized metal profiles. Metal crate, unlike wooden crate, will last much longer.

To keep the house warm even in the coldest winter, it must be properly insulated. Currently, there are many different materials for thermal insulation of surfaces: polyurethane foam, foam plastic, basalt wool, glass wool, and so on. This article will consider one of the modern types of insulation - polystyrene, its main characteristics and brands, as well as features of its use in the insulation of various parts of the house.

There are several types of foam insulation.

The main types of materials are listed below:

• the actual foam;
• expanded polystyrene;
• penoplex;
• penofol;
• liquid foam.

All of the above types of foam have very similar properties. The main difference between these types of insulation is the way it is attached to the wall.

In addition to this division into types, there is also a gradation of foam materials by density. Most often, foam with a density of 10 to 35 kg / m3 is used for insulation. Moreover, the denser the insulation, the higher loads it can withstand and the higher its price. Therefore, the brand of foam is usually chosen depending on which part of the building it will be used to insulate. The densest types of polystyrene are usually used for floor insulation, medium ones for external walls, and the least dense types for roofs, where the loads are minimal.

To cope with wall insulation work, you need the following tools:

• puncher;
• spatulas and paint brushes;
• needle roller;
• grater;
• hammer;
• bucket.

It will be impossible to insulate the walls with high quality if the surface on which the foam plates will be attached is uneven or dirty. Therefore, before proceeding directly to fixing the heat insulator, it is necessary to pay special attention to the preliminary preparation of the walls: remove, if necessary, the old finish, clean the walls from dust and dirt, and then apply a primer to the surface.

After preparing the walls, it is advisable to prepare foam plates as well - they are processed with a needle roller in order to achieve a rough surface to increase adhesion. Next, the insulation is attached to the walls with glue, and it is best to start the thermal insulation of the wall from the bottom - so the lower foam plates will serve as a support for the upper sheets, and will keep more evenly. To support the lowest sheets, it is advisable to nail a small bar to the bottom of the wall.

Another important point: during gluing, pieces of foam should be pressed to the walls only with your palms. The use of any solid objects in this case is unacceptable, as they can damage the upper layer of foam.

When all the sheets are fixed to the wall, they are usually additionally pressed with special plastic nails called mushrooms. To install such a fungus, it is necessary to make a hole at the junction of the insulation plates using a perforator, exceeding the size of the "leg" by about two centimeters. A sleeve of the fungus is inserted into the resulting hole, into which a nail with a plastic cap is hammered. Usually, about 5 of these mushrooms are used to strengthen one block of foam.

After the hammering of plastic nails is finished, it is necessary to check the quality of the final result - the gaps between the plates should not be more than 0.5 cm. If the gaps are larger, then they must be thoroughly foamed.

Wall decoration after foam insulation

When all the work on placing the insulation on the walls is completed, it will be necessary to make them as straight as possible. To do this, you need, firstly, to cut off excess polyurethane foam and, secondly, to remove unnecessarily protruding parts of the foam plates using a float. This is especially true for the joints of the slabs - often the foam in these areas begins to protrude unnecessarily.

On a wall smoothed as far as possible, covered with polystyrene, a plaster net is usually then glued and a leveling layer approximately 3 mm thick is applied.

To insulate the floor, it is necessary to use high-density foam so that it can withstand the high loads that fall on it. The PPT 35 brand is well suited for these purposes.

The process of laying insulation begins with surface preparation: it is cleaned and checked for cracks. After that, waterproofing is laid on the floor - usually a thick membrane film is used for this, gluing the joints between the sheets with tape.

Then, foam plates are placed directly on the waterproofing. Work on floor insulation has the following important feature - it is recommended to lay out foam plates, leaving a small gap between them, which is subsequently foamed. This is necessary in order to avoid the appearance of unpleasant squeaks when walking on such a floor.

After laying on the floor, the foam is usually covered with another layer of waterproofing to protect it from liquids that may be spilled on it.

If the building has a basement, then it is better to lay foam insulation directly in the ceiling of this basement. This will allow you to achieve better thermal insulation, since a layer of heated air will appear between the insulation and the floor.

Foam insulation of the basement and external walls

One of the great things about foam is that it doesn't deteriorate from moisture. Therefore, it is very often used to insulate the outer walls of a building. However, there is one important condition necessary for carrying out work on insulating the outer part of the building with foam - it is preferable to carry out such work in the warm season. If you neglect this advice, you may encounter a problem: due to the deterioration of the properties of the glue, the plates will not be securely attached.
However, even if the external walls were insulated with polystyrene foam in the summer, it still makes sense to insure yourself and, for greater reliability, fix the foam sheets with dowels.

The plinth should be covered with a layer of insulation at least ten centimeters thick, because this part of the wall is usually the coldest.

Features of roof insulation

Since the load on the roof is insignificant, the cheapest and softest type of foam is also suitable for its insulation - with a density of 15 kg / m3. Nevertheless, the service life of such insulation can be increased by spending money on a denser material.

Foam insulation can be done both on straight roofs and on sloped roofs.

The technological process can be represented in the form of a simple algorithm:

1. A waterproofing material is laid out on the rafters for additional protection from moisture.
2. The foam is cut with a knife into pieces of a suitable size and tightly placed under the rafters or between them. The insulation is fixed with slats or specialized glue.
3. Seams are treated with polyurethane foam.
4. A vapor barrier is installed in the interior of the room.
5. The attic ceiling and walls are being finished. Subject to the technology of thermal insulation of walls, floors and roofs, heating costs in a frame house will be minimal.

Frame house building is quite a promising direction in the construction of private houses. They do not require strong foundations and are easy to install. When erecting a frame house, much less financial investment will be required than when building a brick building. So that the savings do not end at the construction stage, it is necessary to think in advance about ways to preserve heat inside the premises. One of the options may be the insulation of a private frame house with expanded polystyrene.

What is expanded polystyrene

Expanded polystyrene is an artificial foam material. There are two types of polystyrene foam for insulating walls and other building structures with your own hands:

1. Styrofoam;
2. extruded polystyrene foam.

Foam can be used as the most affordable option for thermal insulation. It consists of small balls with a cavity filled with air inside. Air is one of the most effective insulation materials; only inert gases prevent heat loss better. Do-it-yourself insulation with expanded polystyrene allows you to achieve excellent results due to the following material characteristics:

• availability and low cost;
• high thermal insulation characteristics;
• resistance to biological effects (mold, fungus);
• ease of work with material and do-it-yourself installation;
• the material does not shrink over time;
• safety for humans.

• low strength (additional protection of the foam from mechanical stress is required);
• instability of the material to high humidity at low temperatures, can easily crumble into separate balls;
• instability to fire.

All these disadvantages are compensated for by the low cost of the material, but it is possible to take them into account and reduce negative manifestations to zero.

Wall insulation

Insulation scheme with a hinged facade: 1 - interior decoration; 2 - vapor barrier; 3 - frame rack; 4 - expanded polystyrene; 5 - siding; 6 - vapor-permeable moisture-proof membrane.

In this case, the insulation of the frame house with polystyrene is carried out between the frame posts. After that, sheathing is performed on both sides. The work is carried out in the following order:

1. frame processing: cleaning from dirt and dust, eliminating irregularities, removing unnecessary sharp objects;
2. laying a waterproofing layer from the outside of the walls;
3. laying insulation;
4. laying a vapor barrier layer;
5. wall cladding.

When using foam, there is no need for a ventilated facade, in contrast to the equally popular mineral wool.

Option with OSB as hydro and wind protection

Waterproofing is installed to protect the wall material from moisture penetration from the outside. When building a house with your own hands, you can use as a waterproofing layer:

• plastic wrap;
• modern moisture-proof vapor-permeable membranes;
• OSB-3.

The waterproofing material is laid with an overlap of 10 cm, the joints are sealed with a special tape. Manufacturers present polystyrene as a material with a small degree of water absorption, but it must be remembered that in winter it can collapse if moisture gets in.

To prevent this unpleasant phenomenon, it is necessary to provide for waterproofing the walls.

Additional insulation with foam outside

It is important to remember that waterproofing is always located on the cold air side (when walls are insulated from the outside), and vapor barrier on the warm side. You can use plastic wrap as a vapor barrier for walls.

Insulation of floors

There are several options for using foam here:

• insulation of ceilings over a cold basement or technical underground;
• insulation of attic floors in the presence of a cold attic;
• improving the soundproofing characteristics of interfloor floors.

In the case of a frame house, the material is laid between the logs. When using extruded polystyrene foam, insulation under a reinforced cement-sand screed is possible.

When insulating floors with your own hands with expanded polystyrene, it is important to correctly observe the order of the layers. In the construction of the floor of the first floor, waterproofing is first laid, after it is foam, and on top - a vapor barrier. For interfloor and attic floors, the vapor barrier and waterproofing layers must be reversed.

Attic floor insulation scheme

As a compromise option for price and quality, you can use expanded polystyrene insulation in the following form: the main layer of polystyrene is laid inside the floor cake, and a layer of extruded polystyrene foam of small thickness is laid outside. This will increase the strength of the insulation layer without large financial costs.

Insulation of the attic roof

Layer order for attic insulation

When building a private house, the option of using the under-roof space as an attic is becoming more and more popular. In this case, it is necessary to ensure a comfortable stay and to reliably protect the room from the cold. The main heat losses occur precisely through the roof, therefore sufficient attention must be paid to its insulation.

In the vast majority of cases, polystyrene foam is placed between the rafters... Fastening is carried out using adhesives and special nails to the rafter legs. The lower lathing acts as an additional fastening.

The thickness of the insulation in the main territory of the country will be in the range of 150-200 mm. It is important to remember that the height of the rafter legs cannot be taken less than the thickness of the insulation layer. In the case of foam, a ventilated air gap is not necessary. To protect structures and foam from negative internal and external influences, the following materials are used:

• vapor barrier;
• waterproofing;
• wind protection.

As the second and third layers, modern moisture-windproof membranes can be used, which are mounted outside with respect to the heat-shielding material.

Installation technology

The main challenge when working with polystyrene is keeping the exact gaps between the slabs of material. Expanded polystyrene is subject to thermal expansion, it is to compensate for it that small gaps must be provided. The joints of the slabs are glued with a special adhesive tape, it can also be foil tape.

Fastening to the surface from the outside and from the inside can be carried out using adhesives or on dowels. The latter provides a reliable connection, but violates the integrity of the layer. When using expanded polystyrene, several requirements are applied to the adhesive composition, but one of them is the most important: the adhesive should not contain chemically aggressive components. The taboo applies to:

• acetone and other solvents;
• petrol;
• kerosene;
• formaldehyde;
• formalin;
• toluene;
• benzene;
• aggressive resins.

Insulating a frame house with foam is a simple, but effective measure that does not require large financial costs. It can be used to insulate walls and other structures without special training. The long service life of the material will allow you to forget about the problem of heat losses for a long time and significantly save on heating a private house.