The information is relevant for those who are planning to open a store in Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Kazakhstan and other CIS countries and the world. All the features of launching an enterprise are universal for different directions.

In this article, we answer the following questions:

• How to open a store from scratch and how much does it cost?
• What new store is profitable to open?
• Where to start, what do you need, how to arrange the documents and equip the store?
• How to attract buyers and get a stable profit?

: Finding a market niche

Winning option- choose the type of products related to your professional skills or hobbies.

For example, a person who understands technology will be able to organize its sale, correctly assess the needs of customers and know how to present this product. Beauty and clothing stores are traditionally run by women who are passionate about beauty and style. It is easier to form an assortment and set up work with those things that you understand.

If you approach the choice of direction purely for reasons of commerce, then you should open an enterprise of any type that is in demand in a certain place. If in a residential area there is no place to buy pasta after nine in the evening, the best solution is your own 24-hour grocery store.

The nuances of opening a store, or factors to consider when choosing a market niche:

1. Seasonality of business. Many types of goods sell better in a certain season (winter clothing, some sporting goods, etc.). Decide on the seasonality of your business and think in advance about ways to get money in the "off-season".

2. Competition. When deciding on the type of product, it is important to choose a location without direct competitors nearby. Or offer the buyer something that the competitor does not have.

For example, adjacent to expensive boutiques in a shopping center, it is worth offering a good range of youth clothing and accessories at a low price.

A grocery store near a supermarket cannot survive with the usual assortment. It is better to specialize in the sale of confectionery, meat, household essentials, etc., that is, to narrow your niche.

3. Be very careful with ideas., which have no analogues. On the one hand, such a business, in the absence of competitors, will receive the maximum profit. On the other hand, the lack of competition may mean that there is no demand for such products.

Step 2: store name

It is necessary to start preparing for the opening with the name. This is a trifle that should be taken care of in advance. When making a business plan and planning expenses, be sure to consider the sign. And its cost directly depends on the name.

The main requirement- the adequacy and attractiveness of the name. It should explain to passers-by what is being sold inside. If you want to take the original name, then add specialization to it (grocery, construction, clothing, etc.)

Step 3: Business plan

If you are not sure whether it is worth spending time on it, drop all doubts. This is a step-by-step guide on how to open your store, plus an extra opportunity to look at the business from the outside: assess the risks and benefits.

Mandatory points of the business plan

• Summary(where the company is located, what it does);
• Market and competitor analysis;
• Organizational moments(registration of the enterprise, obtaining the necessary permits and licenses);
• Marketing plan(how you will drive sales, what kind of advertising to use to attract and retain customers);
• Assortment and pricing(what categories of goods will be presented, their cost, brands);
• Production plan(arrangement of premises, communications, division into zones);
• Technical base(equipment, manufacturers from whom it is profitable to buy);
• Organizational plan(personnel and work schedule, salary level);
• Potential risks and how to deal with them. This paragraph implies a description of the "pessimistic" business development option. A strategy prepared in advance will help to cope with possible difficulties;
• Financial plan(how much money will be required to open a business, calculate the potential profit, calculate the payback).

Step 4: Find a room

Own space for a store is a rarity, therefore, in planning we focus on the rented area.

Common placement options: the first floor of a residential building or office building, a space in a shopping center, a detached building. The last option is the most expensive and not always advisable.

The best place is on the "red line", that is, overlooking a road with high traffic. Whether in a residential area or in the city center, this is the perfect way to get “random” shoppers who just walk by. Below are the basic conditions for choosing a location, or where it is best to open a store.

Availability... No confusing lanes on the way to the establishment, it should be easy to find and easy to see from afar. Huge pluses - the presence of nearby parking, advertising signs.

Positioning(orientation of the placement to the clientele). Different locations are suitable for each type of product. Small grocery outlets are popular in residential areas, souvenirs - in entertainment centers, luxury goods are best sold in the city center, stationery - near schools, universities, business centers.

Correctly selected area of ​​\ u200b \ u200bthe room... The space must be used rationally so as not to overpay for extra square meters. But some businesses require a lot of space.

For example, 20 sq. M is enough for a small boutique of gifts and souvenirs. m., a clothing store with fitting rooms will need at least 40 sq. m. The area of ​​the retail space ranges from 20 to 100 square meters. m. depending on the selected type.

Adequate rent corresponding to the price level. For example, expensive space in a shopping mall is unprofitable for a thrift store. On average, the rental price is $ 8-11 per 1 sq. m. in residential areas and remote places, $ 15-20 per 1 sq. m. - in the center.

An important nuance- it is worth paying rent for six months or a year in advance (this will go into capital investments) in order to ensure the work of the company in the first months, until the trade begins to bring a lot of income. Otherwise, with a frantic monthly search for money for rent, there is a risk of going broke.

Step 5: Arrangement and renovation of the premises

You need to rent an area and start arranging the site before receiving most of the permits. Most of the authorities in the package of documents require a lease agreement, and also check the readiness of the premises for work.

Store room requirements

Mandatory conditions for all trading floors:

1. An evacuation plan, fire alarm, fire extinguishers;
2. Availability of heating, electricity, air conditioning, running water(not necessarily for all types of sales, important for food);
3. When repairing in the process of finishing, painting, cladding, use moisture-resistant and easily washable materials. The floors must be level, without cracks or potholes;
4. Compliance with consumer rights... This includes checkweighers for grocery outlets, the presence of a complaint book and a consumer corner (sales rules, contact details of the company, etc.);
5. The layout of the space should be simple for the buyer, not hampering movement in the hall.

Placement permit and when to get it

This certificate should be obtained prior to commencing repairs. This is a kind of expert assessment of Rospotrebnadzor on whether it is possible to start sales in the chosen place.

If the site is not suitable in many respects, then the money for repairs will be wasted. It takes 2-3 weeks to get an expert opinion. When contacting a special law firm, the cost of registration will be $ 150-160.

On average, redecoration and decoration of premises with an area of ​​50-70 sq. m cost in the amount of 1500-2000 dollars.

Step 6: Business registration

What documents are needed to open a store? First, officially register your business. The simplest option is an individual entrepreneur, it is faster, cheaper and less hassle with accounting.

But, for example, only an LLC with an authorized capital of at least a million rubles can sell alcoholic beverages.

How to open an IP for a store

A certificate of registration of a legal entity must be obtained from the local tax office at the address of registration. It is worth deciding on the taxation system in advance (OSNO, STS, UTII).

Documents required for tax

• Your passport(for foreign citizens - a passport) and TIN. If you do not have an individual taxpayer number, it will be issued along with the certificate, it will take 4-5 days more;
• Application form R21001 (For Russia)... One of the important points of the statement is the choice of OKVED codes. They may be different for each type of store, but a general subsection for all: 47 - "Retail trade, except trade in motor vehicles and motorcycles". It is recommended to choose as many suitable codes as possible so that you do not have to worry about “pre-registration” later. Extra codes do not affect the activity in any way;
• Receipt confirming payment of the state fee ($ 12);
• Application for the transition to a simplified taxation system if it suits you. Otherwise, OCH is written by default.

The tax office issues a receipt for the receipt of documents. In five days, the application will be considered, with a positive answer, the entrepreneur receives a certificate of registration with the tax service and an extract from the USRIP (Unified State Register of Individual Entrepreneurs).

Together with them, they issue a notification about the assignment of statistics codes from Rosstat, a certificate of registration of an entrepreneur in a pension fund at the place of residence, a certificate of registration with TFOMS. Otherwise, you will have to issue these certificates separately.

After that, you need to open a bank account and make a seal (up to $ 15). The presence of a seal for an individual entrepreneur is not necessary, usually a signature and a mark "B / P" ("no seal") is sufficient.

Other documentation

Conclusion of Rospozharnadzor... To obtain, you need an application, a certificate of registration of an individual entrepreneur, a BTI plan, an agreement on the lease of commercial space, an insurance policy for the facility, documents on the installation of a fire alarm.

One of the employees must undergo fire safety training and take on the responsibility of the supervisor to comply with it.

Sanitary and Epidemiological Conclusion from Rospotrebnadzor... In addition to the basic certificates, you need a building sanitary passport, medical records of employees, contracts for disposal and disinfection, product quality certificates.

The opening of this enterprise is most often associated with the purchase and registration of a cash register with the Federal Tax Service. For this, documents on the opening of an enterprise are already needed.

Remember that the electronic control tape protected on the device must be changed every year.

The sign also requires permission from the local government.

Self-registration of documentation will cost about $ 100, when contacting special intermediary firms, you will have to pay from $ 500.

Step 7: Select Suppliers

The main selection criteria:

1. Experience and reliability, reviews of other buyers;
2. Range... The most convenient supplier - from which you can buy as many different products as possible. Pay attention to recognizable products of famous brands, they sell better;
3. Convenience of calculations... Various bonuses, discounts, deferrals. It is difficult for a newcomer to find a supplier who will agree to provide products with a deferred payment. However, it is worth trying to negotiate according to the "50/50" scheme, you pay for some of the goods immediately, and some after the sale.

You should look for suppliers on the Internet, newspapers and magazines, at industry exhibitions.

Step 8: shop equipment

Common equipment items for all types of shop:

• Shelves, counters, showcases - about $ 700. Good producers - Mago, Neka, Rus, Fabrik Art;
• Unpretentious reception for dispensing purchases - $ 150-300. Showcase Plus, "Commercial equipment";
• Cash register - $ 150-250. Orion, Mercury, Elves-MK.

In total, the minimum investment in equipment will be $ 1200.

Important point- connecting the possibility of cashless payments (acquiring), this will increase the number of customers and reduce the risk of collision with fraudsters. You need to contact the selected bank, where they will formulate the terms of cooperation (mainly the amount of bank commissions) and install a pos-terminal. On average, the commission is 1.9-4% of the transaction volume.

The lower the turnover of the company, the higher the commission is required by the bank. For cooperation, a certain amount of deposit is required on the current account.

Step 9: recruiting staff for the store

For a small grocery or flower shop, two sellers are enough (working hours - "week after week") and a cleaning lady.

In a construction or clothing store, it is worth hiring a sales floor administrator (consultant), a cashier, a cleaner. It is recommended to outsource accounting to save money.

The most important person is the salesperson. In addition to the standard qualities of a good employee and sales skills, the employee must be in the right place. Simply put, match the store. For example, lingerie is sold by beautiful women, while building materials are sold by aged men and women who inspire confidence in their experiences.

The ideal way to stimulate a salesperson is with a percentage of the proceeds. But if you put an employee completely on a percentage in a new place, you can lose him and provoke a large turnover of personnel.

It is best to form a minimum salary (for example, $ 200-250) plus a percentage of monthly earnings. Cashier, cleaning lady receive a fixed salary.

Step 10: Assortment formation

This includes the display of goods and the interior design of the store. Take the time to learn the basics of merchandising or hire a specialist to do the initial layout. Among the general rules stand out:

1. The product must be placed conveniently for the visitor, in easily accessible places. Those products that need to be sold first are placed in the most conspicuous place;
2. Use price tags to drive sales... Highlight promotions and discounts in large letters and bright colors. For expensive products, place the price so that you have to look for it and turn the thing in your hands, appreciating all its advantages;
3. Separate things for convenience into categories and mark them with signs or stands;
4. Interior decoration and atmosphere should tune in to the purchase of certain things. The right lighting, background music, pleasant smells all affect the visitors.

Step 11: security

Ensure the safety of your company. The minimum set of security tools is an alarm, "panic button", a video surveillance camera. Purchase and installation costs - from $ 200, maintenance cost - from $ 50 per month.

Step 12: opening a store

Turn your start into a promotion with music, contests, giveaways and flyers, discounts, and more. Then customers will want to come back to you.

Step 13: Risk Assessment

Before starting a business, you should evaluate all the risks and benefits. What do you need to know?

pros

• An established point of sale is a source of stable income. The company will always have buyers in a good location and with a wide range of products.
• A commercial enterprise, if necessary, can be easily sold as a ready-made business.
• Quite a simple calculation system.

Minuses

• Large investments in business and a high level of competition.
• Remains of unsold products that have to be written off or sold at a markdown.
• Seasonality of some types of trade.
• The risk of losing up to 80% of investments in case of an unsuccessful turn of events.

Step 14: advertise

Arrange periodically sales and promotions for clients. Discount cards for regular customers work well. For building materials, clothing, toys, distribution of printed advertisements in mailboxes is suitable.

Create a unique offer and colorfully design flyers. Printing 5,000 copies will cost about $ 100.

Which store is better to open

Consider the features and nuances of opening stores of various types. Based on the previous points, the minimum cost of business registration, repairs and equipment, rent and advertising is approximately $ 8 thousand.

Clothing store

Area - from 50 sq. m.

Costs of opening a clothing store

• Mannequins and busts, torsos (about 10-15 pcs.) - about $ 500;
• Full-length mirror in the sales area - from $ 50;
• 2 dressing booths with curtains + 2 mirrors - $ 200-250;
• Hangers and racks for clothes - $ 300-400;
• Electronic product protection system - $ 1400;
• Barcode scanner - $ 100-150;
• Printer for printing labels with a barcode - $ 400-600;
• Purchase of things six months in advance - 10-15 thousand dollars.

Total investment in the business will amount to 20-25 thousand dollars. Margin - from 50-400%.

Important nuances: a large assortment (at least 1000 units), the availability of popular sizes, the sale of related products and accessories (handbags, purses, hangers, jewelry, belts, etc.). Run sales and promotions on a regular basis (“third item as a gift,” “discount on your second purchase,” etc.).

Lingerie shop

Enough 15-25 sq. m. The list of equipment differs from the previous type of outlet only in the type of mannequins. You will need special hangers-busts, "hangers", "legs" for tights and socks, etc.

Demonstration of goods on mannequins and half-torso works well. It is necessary to invest at least $ 13,000 in the opening.

Good and popular brands of lingerie: Incanto, Lormar, Milavitsa, Agent Provocateur, Victoria's Secret, Calzedonia, Passionata, Rosme. The best demand is observed for products of the middle price category.

It is necessary to form an assortment for women, men and children so that visitors can shop for the whole family.

Grocery store

Required area - from 30 sq. m. Additional equipment and costs:

1. 2 Refrigerators – 1100 $;
2. Racks for vegetable breakdowns (vegetable box) - $ 150;
3. Product racks- $ 600;
4. a printer for printing barcodes and labels - $ 400-600.

Total, together with the purchase of goods, capital expenditures will amount to 13-15 thousand dollars.

A grocery store needs a warehouse to store food. Also, special requirements are imposed on such firms.

To obtain a work permit from Rospotrebnadzor, you must fulfill the conditions SanPiN 2.3.5. 021-94- "Sanitary rules for food trade enterprises". All norms, GOSTs, etc. are spelled out here.

Products must have price tags, weight indication, good shelf life. Products with defects are sold separately, with mandatory notification of the defect. Weights are required.

Employees of the company must have health certificates, work in uniform with a headdress, have a badge indicating the name and position.

Children's clothing store

Selling clothes for children will require the same opening costs as a regular clothing store. Mannequins need to be purchased for children.

The required amount is in the region of $ 17,000-20,000. It is important to decide on the price category (the best option is average), and sort the products by age.

Commission shop

Area 50-60 square meters.

Features of this business

• There is no need to look for suppliers, people hand over their things themselves;
• The size of the company's commission for the sale of a second-hand product - 20-50%;
• There are no problems with unsold leftovers. The owner takes back the unrealized things;
• It is best to place a clothes shop in a densely populated residential area;
• Unlike a clothing salon, a lot of expensive mannequins are not required, a few torsos, busts, hangers are enough.

To open a thrift store on your own, you will need to spend approximately $ 9,000-10,000.

Auto parts store

The required size of the room is from 60 sq. m. Equipment will need counters, racks, cash register. Investment amount - from $ 12,000, including the purchase of spare parts.

The secrets to the success of this business

1. Better to specialize in one or two car brands, but provide spare parts for the entire model range;
2. Sell ​​accessories (rugs, scented key rings, etc.);
3. Sellers should be good at understanding in the car device;
4. Select several suppliers for each product group so as not to keep customers waiting. Working with authorized dealers, you will increase the credibility of the company and will be able to officially use the brand logo in your advertising;
5. Offer a home delivery service.

Flower shop

Sizes from 20 sq. m. In the trading floor, you need racks, a table for packing and composing compositions, stands and flowerpots for flowers, ideally - refrigerators compartment to maintain the desired temperature.

In addition to flowers, wrapping paper, baskets, gift ribbons, bows, transparent cellophane, mesh, felt, scotch tape are purchased as consumables. From small tools, you will need scissors, nippers, a glue gun, and floral knives.

Investments in equipment and the first purchase of a cut - from $ 12,000.

To begin with, it is worth working with local wholesalers; with good promotion, it is recommended to buy flowers from metropolitan and foreign suppliers.

Important nuances to consider

• Organize a piece sale of flowers and ready-made bouquets and arrangements;
• Flowers should always be fresh, so you need to learn how to correctly assess the volume of purchases;
• Diversify your assortment with gift cards and soft toys;
• Having created a thematic site, an entrepreneur can start custom-made festive events.

Draft beer shop

Required space - from 70 sq. m.

Necessary equipment

• Racks with taps and beer barrels;
• Coolers and defoamers;
• Snack counters.

The complete set will cost about $ 2,000. About two thousand more will be needed for the purchase of 10-15 types of beer, 100 liters each. In total, the opening will take about $ 13,000.

Sales organization secrets: you need an assortment of 10-15 varieties of drinks and the availability of snacks in packages and by weight (crackers, chips, fish, etc.)

Hardware store

Area - from 60-70 sq. m. In addition to standard equipment and counters with shelving, demonstration stands are needed.

Warehouse, packing and delivery services are required. Capital investments in the enterprise will amount to 16-20 thousand dollars.

The most demanded products: finishing materials, tools, paints and varnishes, plumbing. It is best to locate a retail outlet in the city center, near major roads and intersections, markets, shopping centers. Product margin - 25-40%.

How to open an IP many people think.

Working for oneself is the dream of every second person working “for an uncle”.

Fear of the unknown and paperwork makes you abandon your plans.

Although this process is much simpler than it seems.

When the prospective entrepreneur wonders what is needed to open an IP, it speaks about the absolute seriousness of his intentions.

As a businessman, a person himself determines the work schedule, the level of effort applied, the amount of money invested.

And upon registration, he also confirms his special status and responsibilities at the legislative level.

This is a new, more important step in doing business.

However, the absolute lack of understanding of what and how to do, makes some people postpone the idea of ​​opening an IP on the back burner.

Let's go through the process together step by step to make sure it’s not a big deal.

Why do they decide to open a sole proprietorship?

The question of whether it is worth opening an individual entrepreneur at all worries "private traders" especially often now.

Not so long ago, the amount of payments for individual entrepreneurship amounted to an impressive amount of 36,000 rubles.

And although this year the mandatory payment was reduced to 24,000, not everyone is ready to give such money easily.

The main argument for every entrepreneur should be fines for not registering.

What is the point of saving on compulsory payments for the decision to open an individual entrepreneur, if you pay much more for the lack of permission?

Moreover, there are some types of activities that cannot be started at all without going through the paperwork.

Niche testing is another matter.

For some time, you can observe the started business, draw conclusions about its feasibility and profitability.

And if everything goes according to plan - register an individual entrepreneur.

The main thing is not to get carried away and not to stretch the testing for a long time.

There is also another important argument for opening an individual entrepreneur - the ability to use payment systems.

In order to carry out financial transactions with their help it was possible to fully function, now one cannot do without documentary personification.

It is believed that in the future there will be more ways to regulate tax evasion.

To summarize, you can take advice from experienced entrepreneurs: you better think about increasing your profits than about avoiding opening an individual entrepreneur and paying taxes.

Who can open an IP?

It may seem to someone that opening the IP is available only to a select few.

What image appears in your head when you hear such a status?

Surely something like a middle-aged man in a suit and a leather wallet.

And to find out that your friend, an 18-year-old student, also managed to open an individual entrepreneur - this will be an amazing fact for most.

So let's start with who has every right and opportunity to open an IP:

1. Citizens of the Russian Federation who have already reached the age of majority.
2. The activities of a person who wished to open an individual entrepreneur should not be limited by a court decision.
3. Foreign citizens who live in the Russian Federation on a permanent or temporary basis.
4. Stateless people who live in the Russian Federation on a permanent or temporary basis.
5. Citizens of the Russian Federation who have not yet reached the age of majority, but meet the following requirements:
   • parents or guardians have given their consent for the minor to be engaged in business;
   • there is a marriage certificate;
   • the court ruled that this citizen meets the status of full legal capacity;
   • the guardianship authorities recognized the citizen as having the status of full legal capacity.

As you can see, almost any person can open an IP if there is a corresponding desire or need.

What documents are needed to open an individual entrepreneur?

So, you have weighed all the pros and cons, and decided to open an IP.

In fact, none other than a passport.

In simple terms: a passport in hand and forward - and on the spot they will already explain to you what to fill out, where to pay, where to carry.

The general list of documents that are needed to open an individual entrepreneur looks like this:

• a statement from a citizen, which is written in a certain form, is signed by him and must be certified by a notary afterwards;
• copy of the citizen's passport;
• a receipt confirming the fact of payment of the established state duty.

Step-by-step instructions: how to open an IP?

Business people appreciate being specific.

If you need fewer words, more precise directions, you will definitely need the instructions below.

This is a step-by-step manual: what you need to open an IP:

The first step, of course, is to go to the tax office.

There you will be given the same form that is indicated above in the list of required documents.

Select the appropriate OKVED activity code.

There are many of them and it is difficult to understand, at first glance.

Therefore, below in this article we will analyze how to choose a code in more detail.

Fill out the issued tax form, while carefully monitoring the accuracy of the data.

By the way, even blots are unacceptable.

So be careful and diligent.

An important but obvious clarification: write only real data.

If you try to hide or embellish something, only you will be worse off.

You must certify the finished application with your signature, and then it will also be certified by a notary.

Without the appropriate seal, documents will not be considered at the tax office.

The next step is to take another form from the tax office, this time about the transition to the "simplified" system and fill it out.

It is important to do this within 30 days.

Take and fill out a receipt stating that the standard state fee was paid (800 rubles).

In this case, carefully check the specified details.

The final "chord" is to register with the tax office that relates to your place of actual residence.

Moreover, it is not necessary to go there. Documents can be sent by mail.

It remains for the last time to visit the inspection and receive confirmation that you were able to open an IP.

In addition to the real certificate, confirmation of registration will also come to you by mail.

1. A considerable number of entrepreneurs stop there. But it is worth doing something else after opening an IP: order a seal and open a current account.

Congratulations! You have become a legitimate self-employed person.

How to choose the OKVED code to open an individual entrepreneur?

You will have to choose the OKVED code at the initial stage of opening an IP. There are really a lot of them in the All-Russian classifier.

But you are not forced to choose only one.

But you can also work fully and equally with all the other codes specified during registration.

Although most often they are chosen, let's say, "in reserve".

So the option "specify but not use" also has a right to exist.

Perhaps some are not relevant for you now, but will be useful in the future. And if you decide to add them later, you will be faced with the required payment of the fee.

However, they should not be thoughtlessly indicated.

Each OKVED code refers to its own taxation system (it can be a general regime, simplified taxation or UTII). Differences may appear even depending on the region of business.

If you are deciding how to open an individual entrepreneur in order to legalize freelance activities, do not worry: all types of such work fall under the simplified taxation system.

More precisely, you can select the appropriate codes for them.

If you are serious about opening an IP,

you will also find it helpful to watch the following video:

How to open an individual entrepreneur to a foreign citizen?

As you already understood from the list of citizens who are allowed to open an individual entrepreneur in the Russian Federation, foreigners can do it legally.

Moreover, the registration procedure will not differ much from the standard one that citizens of the Russian Federation undergo.

In order for a foreign citizen to open an individual entrepreneur, you need to have any document securing your residence address in the Russian Federation.

This can be a temporary registration or residence permit.

It is with respect to this address that you will be assigned to a specific tax office.

But if you do not have any documents of this type, you will not be able to open the IP.

Most likely, after reading the article, you have no questions left, what is needed to open an IP.

This process is really very simple and is not worth long delay and reflection.

Register according to the legislation - it will be calmer this way.

And besides, you can proudly and rightfully call yourself an individual entrepreneur.

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How to open a restaurant from scratch and how much money does it take? Step by step instructions

Despite the vast territory, our country lags far behind the states of Eastern and Western Europe in terms of the number of catering outlets. For example, in Poland the number of such establishments is almost twice as large, and in Spain - almost six times. According to experts, even despite the unstable economic situation, the Russian public catering market has a high rate of development and is one of the most promising for business. So, the average payback period in this segment is considered to be 1-3 years, which is an excellent indicator.

In this regard, many of our fellow citizens are thinking about opening their own catering establishments. In this article, we will try to answer the questions about how to open your own restaurant, cafe or bar, where to start and what steps you need to go through to achieve this goal.

I want to open a restaurant: where to start?

It is worth deciding what type of establishment (at least approximately) you are going to open:

• By format. A bar, a canteen, a fast food, a family cafe, a fashionable restaurant, an establishment "for their own" - the choice is wide. As practice shows, novice businessmen most often “succeed” in classic city cafes, without the difficulties and peculiarities inherent in all target establishments.
• According to the price level. This criterion is often, but not always, dependent on the previous one. Usually, one of the significant restrictions here is the budget of a novice restaurateur: the higher the level of the establishment, the higher the costs of opening it will be. Experts do not recommend that business beginners start with expensive restaurants - the audience is very demanding, the investments and risks are too high. The optimal solution would be to open a democratic casual establishment.
• By type of cuisine. Usually, both the interior and the desired location of the establishment depend on the type of cuisine. Japanese, Russian, Italian, Georgian or maybe exotic Peruvian? Here, experts recommend not to complicate your task and choose the one that you are good at: concepts of Russian or simple European cuisine are good for beginners.
• By the maximum number of guests. The cost of setting up an institution is directly proportional to the number of seats. No matter how great the temptation to open a large restaurant at once, it is better to limit yourself to a room for 30–80 guests.

The public catering market in Russia, despite the crises, continues to develop. So, in 2014, its volume increased by 8.3%, and the turnover reached 1.2 trillion rubles. Despite a slight decline in 2015, experts talk about the inevitable further growth of indicators and the achievement of a turnover of 2 trillion rubles by 2017.

So, at the moment, almost all experienced restaurateurs recommend that beginners open establishments in the format of a "democratic" cafe or restaurant, serving local, European or mixed cuisine and alcohol. The hall should be designed for an average number of visitors.

It should be remembered that circumstances can make the most unexpected adjustments to the plans: after calculations, the estimated costs will exceed the possibilities, the rented space will not fit the original concept, but it will be perfect in everything else. Therefore, it is optimal to think over several suitable concepts for the style of the institution and the type of cuisine and be ready to make some changes to the planned menu and pricing policy.

How much does it cost to open a restaurant?

The answer to the question about the cost of opening a restaurant from scratch will directly depend on its features, defined in the previous section.

The total amount consists of several points:

• rent / purchase / construction of premises... If we consider an institution for 50 seats, then renting a room (supposedly 150-200 m2) will cost from 200,000 rubles a month. In this case, you will have to immediately pay at least two months plus a deposit, that is, from 600,000 thousand rubles. In the central regions of megalopolises and in large shopping centers, the amount can increase by 3-10 times. Building or buying premises, of course, will cost significantly more, but do not forget that these will not be fixed costs;
• paperwork- from 300,000 rubles, depending on the specifics of the institution, during the construction of a building for a restaurant - several times higher;
• design and engineering on average, they will cost about 2,000 rubles per m2, that is, from 300,000 rubles for our premises;
• repair- costs will depend on the complexity of the design and the initial condition of the premises. On average, about 3,000 rubles per m2, which means - from 450,000 rubles for the calculated area;
• furniture- the required minimum of chairs, tables, sofas, as well as a waiter's station and a bar will cost from 300,000 rubles;
• equipment and utensils for the kitchen- to supply the establishment with the necessary amount of high-quality professional tools, equipment and utensils for storing, preparing and serving dishes, as well as for washing the above, you will need an amount of 1,500,000 rubles;
• dishes and serving items, designed to serve 50 guests, will cost from 350,000 rubles;
• primary purchase of food and alcohol usually costs from 200,000 rubles;
• uniform for staff- not required, but desirable element, part of the corporate identity. When buying a minimum set of clothes for waiters and cooks, you should count on an amount of 50,000 rubles or more.

In total, the total amount of all payments will be about 4,000,000 rubles. If we add to this the cost of special software, installation of terminals for waiters (R-Keeper), printing a menu, creating a company website, conducting advertising campaigns - you can count on an amount of 4,500,000 or more.

In addition to one-time, the restaurateur will have fixed expenses:

• rent (if the premises are rented);
• wage;
• communal payments;
• telephony, Internet;
• buying food, alcohol;
• advertising costs.

What documents are needed to open a restaurant?

The organization of a catering enterprise is one of the most difficult types of business in terms of collecting documents. The list of papers required for the legal functioning of a restaurant includes more than a hundred items, and in different regions the list of required permits may differ. Therefore, in order to save time and money, most entrepreneurs prefer to contact companies that draw up the necessary turnkey documentation.

The first step in opening any type of establishment is to register a legal entity. The most popular and convenient form for restaurants is considered to be the "LLC" form. Full package of constituent documents and lease agreement(or a certificate of ownership of the premises) is mandatory at all stages of further approval.

Also, to open an institution you will need:

• the conclusion of the SES on the compliance of the institution with sanitary standards;
• conclusion of the Ministry of Emergency Situations on compliance with fire safety standards;
• the presence of a registered cash register;
• contracts for pest control, deratization and garbage disposal;
• agreement on protection, on the connection of a burglar alarm(to obtain a license to sell alcohol).

And this is just a basic package of required documents. The owner of the establishment should be aware of many nuances, without which the activities of the establishment may be illegal.

Business plan development: stage 1

As you know, when opening a new business, including a restaurant, you need to draw up a business plan from scratch. This is a kind of "scheme" for creating a future enterprise with the calculation of planned costs and revenues, analysis of profitability and other indicators.

Usually, two types of business planning are distinguished: for external and internal use.

The first is required for those who are going to attract borrowed funds to their enterprise - a loan or investment. In this case, the best choice would be to turn to special organizations: it is quite difficult for a non-professional to convince investors or banking organizations of the return on investment. Those who are still going to create a document on their own should consider that it is better to do this, having already received data on the premises, the number of staff and the size of the salary fund, traffic, and also having finally approved the concept of the institution.

Another thing is an internal business plan, which is necessary for any entrepreneur to understand the prospects for creating a business. Typically, the document contains the following chapters:

• title and general description of the project: planned concept, area of ​​premises, number of staff, type of kitchen and pricing policy;
• approximate range of products;
• preliminary estimate of the cost of opening;
• approximate monthly expenses (rent, taking into account utilities and communications, salary fund, procurement costs);
• calculation of time costs for each stage before the opening of the establishment;
• planned financial indicators;
• calculation of return on investment.

It makes sense to draw up an initial business plan at the very early stage of opening a restaurant - by analyzing the market as a whole, competitors in a similar format, and statistical data. Then the indicators will need to be adjusted in accordance with the realities.

Selection and renovation of premises: stage 2

Finding space for a future restaurant often becomes a headache. Experts recommend approaching this issue with great care, often citing a quote from the Italian restaurateur and chef Marciano Palli: “First place is place, second is place, third is place, fourth is place, fifth is - kitchen".

The general rule of profitability is as follows: the lower the average check of the cafe, the higher its attendance should be. If the most expensive establishments in the world can afford to stay away from civilization, good gastronomic restaurants - in the courtyards of the central districts of the city, then middle-class cafes should choose busy streets, and fast food should look for places in large shopping centers and train stations.

However, it is not only traffic that is important, but also the correspondence of the potential audience to the level of the institution. This also applies to the pricing policy and the characteristics of the kitchen. So, for example, a vegetarian cafe is appropriate to be located near a large yoga center, and a budget Pan-Asian restaurant - near the market. Because of all these subtleties, experienced entrepreneurs begin to create a restaurant concept after renting a room: there are not so many suitable sites in any city, but an institution of any format can be successful, there would be demand.

After the lease, the question of repair and often redevelopment inevitably arises. Here it is better to trust experienced designers and planners - this will help to avoid many mistakes common to beginners. There is no need to remind that the style of a restaurant should correspond to its concept, and it is extremely rare to create an ideal interior without the help of a specialist.

Purchase of equipment, furniture and utensils: stage 3

As a rule, all the equipment for the kitchen area is selected by agreement with the chef: it is he who orders the tools and equipment necessary for work, taking into account the proposed menu. Furniture and tableware for serving are chosen according to the general concept of style. The number of dishes usually corresponds to the maximum number of seats multiplied by 2 or even 3, that is, for 50 guests there should be 100–150 plates, cutlery and glasses of each type.

It is better to buy inventory in specialized stores that supply equipment for restaurants: firstly, here all tools and utensils can be purchased at wholesale prices, secondly, such organizations provide services for the installation and warranty repair of equipment, and thirdly, in case of loss or damage to serving items, you can buy similar ones without any problems.

When arranging furniture, it is better to turn to professionals - designers or suppliers - they will offer a competent and beautiful solution.

Computerization: stage 4

It is difficult to imagine a modern restaurant without production and accounting programs, personnel control. You can develop your own software, but there are a lot of off-the-shelf packages on the market.

The most popular of them are: R-Keeper, 1C: Public catering, POS Sector. They completely coordinate the work in the establishment: the waiter sends the order through the terminal to the kitchen, the chef sees the list of dishes to be prepared on a special monitor, after the calculation, all ingredients are written off from the warehouse according to the calculation card, income and expenses for the accounting department are recorded. And this is only a small part of the possible functions of such software: in addition, many programs are able to accept orders directly from customers' smartphones, collect and store the purchase history of discount card holders, use special controllers to record the number of drinks poured in a bar ... In a word, the cost of programs for a restaurant completely justify themselves, and a novice businessman simply cannot do without special software.

Staff recruitment: stage 5

Of course, to hire the right people it is better to contact specialized agencies, but with a limited budget, you can do it yourself. When recruiting dishwashers and cleaners, interviews are usually enough, but when hiring buyers, waiters and administrators, it is worth studying their work experience and recommendations, but it is advisable to be convinced of the skills of a chef, cooks and bartenders personally. Chef , as a rule, is chosen at the stage of approval of the final concept of the institution. An essential part of your success will depend on this worker. Not only culinary talents are important, but also understanding the target audience, the key idea of ​​the restaurant. Candidates for the position cooks most often personally selected by the chef.

How many workers are needed for the normal functioning of the institution? The answer will depend on the size and format of the establishment. Since we are focusing on a small restaurant of a democratic level, an approximate list of personnel will be as follows:

• Chef;
• cook (based on 50 guests per shift, 2–5 cooks will be enough);
• bartender / barista (for small restaurants, one per shift is sufficient;
• dishwasher;
• purchaser;
• administrator / hostess;
• waiters - as a rule, one waiter can serve up to 10-15 guests (accordingly, there should be 3-5 such employees in the change of our establishment);
• cleaning woman;
• accountant (you can limit yourself to "coming").

A common mistake of start-up entrepreneurs is trying to translate into business their own ideal picture of the enterprise: in the case of a restaurant - service, interior and kitchen. You should not be guided by your own tastes - after all, not only you and your friends will visit the cafe and restaurant.

Menu design and supplier selection: step 6

The menu development phase coincides in time with the final concept approval phase. Usually the chef is one of the main participants in this process: he creates a list of planned dishes, and the owner or manager evaluates them in terms of attractiveness, taste and cost of ingredients.

The selection of suppliers is carried out by the head of the restaurant or the purchasing manager: they analyze the market of goods, choosing in each segment the companies that are the best in terms of price-quality-reliability ratio. Practically no institution is limited to one supplier, usually there are 7-10 of them: firstly, for each group of products, conditions should be considered separately, and secondly, it is better to provide for some kind of “reserve” source, especially for rare ingredients.

Advertising: stage 7

To convey to customers information about their establishment, entrepreneurs usually use a set of measures:

• ordering a sign that reflects the type and concept of the establishment;
• placement of billboards and signs;
• website creation and promotion;
• registration on various specialized portals ("Afisha", etc.) and opening accounts in social networks;
• advertising in the press;
• distribution of leaflets, booklets, etc.

The launch of the advertising campaign takes place shortly before the opening of the restaurant or immediately after. The complex of events is selected depending on the intended target audience: for casual establishments, distribution of leaflets and PR on the Internet is well suited, for restaurants of an expensive format - placement of information in specialized publications.

Opening a catering establishment is an extremely difficult task. It is especially difficult for beginners: they have to take into account a lot of nuances and many mistakes happen before they begin to understand the "kitchen" of the kitchen. Therefore, many novice restaurateurs seek help from specialists - companies that are ready to help in creating a successful establishment.

First of all, congratulations on making the difficult decision to start your own business! This can be the beginning of a wonderful new venture, if, of course, you are prudent and focused on your goal. However, you cannot completely avoid making mistakes. Knowing this will help you overcome unexpected obstacles and continue your journey with more confidence.

By preparing and planning your activities properly, you can save yourself from the most common mistakes. Below you will find a list of the most common mistakes and how to avoid them:

Not knowing your market

Find out everything you can about your target audience. You need to know their buying habits and behavior: where they are, preferred media channels, income level, etc. The better you know your potential customers, the more specific and effective your marketing plan will be.

Incomplete business plan

A big mistake can be the opinion that it is enough just to "sketch" a business plan to get started. By the time you go to the start, you should have a forecast of all costs, the most accurate portrait of the audience and competitors, and most importantly - a clear idea of ​​how you are going to make a profit. Without a business plan based on research and taking into account all the details, you will not be able to position yourself as a serious player in the market and it will be extremely difficult for you to manage your business.

Loans from friends and family

This usually ends in disaster. If you have a great idea and a well thought out business plan, it will not be difficult for you to get a loan from organizations that specialize in this. Do you really want to involve your family members in your business? Do you want to risk your relationships with loved ones? In this matter, you should remain prudent and avoid temptation, even if relatives actively offer their financial assistance.

Immediate Profit Expectation

It usually takes a new company a year or two to start generating revenue. Therefore, you must be sure that your capital is enough to last this time, since in the beginning you will only spend money, not earn it. Awareness and acceptance of this fact will help you stay afloat and not give up under the yoke of nervous tension.

Ignoring customer needs

People are at the center of today's economy. You need to focus on the interests of your customers and offer solutions to their problems - that's what drives your bottom line. If your company offers customers the highest quality and really useful solutions, they will always be devoted to you and will gladly recommend your services to their friends.

Test neglect

The only sure way to know what works well for your business is to plan, test, and analyze any solution. It should become part of your day-to-day business processes. Don't invest all your savings in a random ad agency or mass marketing. Test different approaches with a small group to get the first feedback before you invest the bulk of your money.

Save money on lawyers and accountants

Accept the fact that if you do not have several years of legal or accounting practice behind you, you should not solve such critical issues for your business on your own. Experts don't get their money for nothing.

Build a business on promises

It's great to have a friendly relationship with contractors. Nevertheless, when it comes to money, it is worth formalizing your obligations to each other on paper in order to protect your own interests. A contract is not just a formality. When signing anything, you must be sure that you understand and agree with what is written in black and white.

Sacrificing personal relationships

Most business issues require you to stay focused on the action at all times, and this can lead to chaos in personal relationships. Believe me, you will need the support and care of loved ones, so you should not neglect them. Keeping a good relationship can affect your life more than your business. Therefore, if you cannot keep them, your case will also be at risk.

Finally, you decide what you want more, work for the good of your boss or be the master of your own life! Is a great prospect. The best option in this matter would be to form yourself as an individual entrepreneur. What is needed to open an IP - we will tell you about this today.

Opening an IP is a good chance for self-realization

If there is no permanent registration in the passport, then you can register an individual entrepreneur at the address of a temporary registration.

What documents does the tax office issue?

To open an individual entrepreneur, you will have to prepare a package of documents

So, the allotted time for checking the documents has passed, you again go to the tax office to receive ready-made documents. What documents, confirming the status of an individual entrepreneur, will you receive?

• EGRIP is an extract from the state register;
• Tax registration document;
• OGRNIP - certificate of state registration as an individual entrepreneur.

In addition, you can immediately contact the Pension Fund and TFOMS and draw up registration documents and notification of the assignment of the selected codes there. If suddenly the tax authorities do not issue them to you, then you will have to go to all these authorities and re-collect the complete list of necessary documents.

As soon as you get the documents in hand, you can start working as an individual entrepreneur, within the framework that you indicated in the documents. It is very rare, but sometimes it happens that the tax office refuses to register you as an individual entrepreneur.

This is mainly due to incorrectly entered data or an incorrectly completed application. In any case, the tax service should motivate the refusal. If suddenly this did happen, then the entire procedure for submitting documents will need to be repeated, and the state fee will have to be paid again in the same amount.

How much money do you need to open an IP?

The state fee is very small

The easiest, but at the same time, and the most expensive way of registering yourself as an individual entrepreneur is to contact a specialized company, whose employees will deal with the registration of an individual entrepreneur without you, they will collect the necessary one and give it to you.

The cost of these services in big cities will be about 5,000 rubles, possibly more. If you do everything yourself, then the costs will cost the minimum amount, 800 rubles must be spent to pay the state fee, plus you will need money to pay for photocopies of the necessary documents.

If you resort to the help of intermediaries, you will have to spend money on notary services, on average it will cost 400 rubles for notarization of documents and signatures. Although it is difficult to evaluate the services of intermediaries in monetary terms, because friends or acquaintances can deal with your problems, then it will not be worth the additional costs, but if you hire someone from the outside, then the amount will most likely be negotiable and discussed in a specific case.

What other costs can be: for example, you wanted, as an entrepreneur, to have a current account and seal of your company, although this is not at all necessary for an individual entrepreneur. In this case, you need to spend plus 1000 rubles to open a current account and about 500 rubles to make the seal of your company.

How to open a legal entity or individual entrepreneur? What documents need to be submitted to the tax authority? What is the amount of the state duty when starting a business? Who is more checked by the state supervisory authorities? These and many other questions are answered by a legal adviser: