Diclofenac: instructions for the use of tablets and ointments. Contraindications and instructions for use diclofenac ointment Diclofenac ointment 1% instructions for use

Diclofenac ointment - quick relief for swelling and pain. According to the instructions - it is intended for the treatment of arthritis and injuries. Diclofenac is available in the form of solutions, ointments or their analogs - gels. How does this remedy work? And can you use the anesthetic composition for a long time?

Diclofenac is a non-steroidal non-hormonal drug

The main active ingredient in the ointment is diclofenac. This is an anabolic (pain reliever) from the category of so-called non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The main thing that can be understood from the complex abbreviation is that diclofenac is not a hormonal drug. This means that its use does not have as many side effects, contraindications and restrictions for use as hormonal ointments.

The term "steroid" is often regarded as a designation "Hormone" or "Steroid hormone"... The name of the drug "non-steroidal" means "non-hormonal drug". Diclofenac, together with aspirin and ibuprofen, make up the three most well-known non-hormonal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Diclofenac is used then pain and inflammation are formed. It has gained wide popularity in the pain relief of joint inflammation.... Arthrosis, rheumatism, osteochondrosis, sciatica, lumbago, lumbago.

At the same time, diclofenac not only reduces sensitivity, but reduces the inflammatory process that caused this pain. How does it work? The non-steroidal substance inhibits the action of an enzyme called cyclooxygenase. By doing this, it stops the synthesis of other substances (hormone-like prostaglantids) that stimulate the development of inflammation.

Note: Prostaglandins are not only responsible for the level of inflammation and pain. They also serve several other functions. For example, they control the synthesis of gastric mucus to protect the walls of the stomach from hydrochloric acid. Therefore, long-term oral administration of non-steroidal drugs (for example, diclofenac) can lead to gastritis and stomach ulcers.

Several forms of drugs are produced on the basis of diclofenac. These are enteric-coated tablets, solutions for injections, ointments and gels for external use, eye drops and rectal suppositories.

As part of the preparations, a non-steroidal drug is administered in the form of two compounds - diclofenac sodium and diclofenac potassium. Most drugs contain diclofenac sodium. Some manufacturers give the name diclofenac sodium ointment to external preparations (for example, the Belarusian Borisov plant, the Ukrainian "Farmak"). The potassium form of diclofenac is more commonly used in oral tablets. In this form, diclofenac is more efficiently absorbed and enters the bloodstream faster.

Let's take a look at two topical diclofenac medications - skin ointment and gel.

Diclofenac ointment: composition

Diclofenac ointment is so popular that many pharmaceutical companies produce it. Among Russian manufacturers, there is diclofenac Acri ointment (produced by the Akrikhin plant, Russia), and there is diclofenac Akos ointment (Sintez pharmaceutical company, also Russia). Among foreign analogues, the Israeli version of the ointment is known - diclofenac Teva (ointment-gel).

Diclofenac ointment contains 1% of the active ingredient. In addition to NSAIDs, the preparations include Dimexide, succinic or lactic acid, preservatives.

How much diclofenac ointment costs is determined by the manufacturer of the medicine. Considering that the active ingredient in the ointment is the same, different types of anesthetic with diclofenac differ only in auxiliary components and manufacturing countries.

In almost all diclofenac ointments - 5% Dimexidum... This component also is anti-inflammatory... It activates the metabolism and thereby accelerates the elimination of toxins that are formed during inflammation. He also has some antimicrobial activity.

Diclofenac ointment: instructions for use

Diclofenac instructions for use position it as a symptomatic medicine. That is, to use it, it is not necessary to carry out a complete examination. It is enough that there are symptoms of inflammation - pain, redness, swelling. Hence, an anesthetic ointment is needed.

What does diclofenac ointment help with? It heals and reduces pain in joints and soft tissues. Effectively relieves inflammation in any musculoskeletal disorder(operations, trauma, inflammation due to joint degeneration, neurological pinching). It is used in several fields of medicine - orthopedics, neurology, traumatology. We list where diclofenac is in demand:

• Articular and periarticular injuries.
• Joint pain of any origin.
• Musculoskeletal disorders (in the spine, arms, legs, neck, fingers, etc.).

Also, the composition is standardly recommended for minor injuries - bruises, sprains... As an ointment for bruises, diclofenac guarantees pain relief. What is especially necessary in the first hours after injury (if it is a bruise). In case of overvoltage (dyspnoea) the application of the ointment becomes necessary the next day after training.

When applied topically, diclofenac concentrates in the joints. Its amount in the articular tissues is 20 times higher than in the blood. Therefore, external treatment with ointments (creams, gels) is very effective.... It introduces medicinal components close to the site of inflammation. And ensures their concentration in inflamed tissues.

The action of the ointment

Diclofenac ointment for pain reduces swelling in the area of ​​joint inflammation. This increases the mobility of the joint. It bends and unbends more fully, turns better, while movements are performed with less pain.

The composition of the ointment is equally effective on any human joints. So, diclofenac ointment with cervical osteochondrosis allows you to reduce pain when turning the head, as well as remove headaches. For lumbar pain diclofenac returns the body to a vertical position, removes painful stiffness in the lower back... In general, for the back, diclofenac ointment is used for various pains - with a pinched nerve with osteochondrosis, with sciatica lumbar pain, herniated spinal discs, and lumbago.

Diclofenac ointment for osteochondrosis can reduce inflammation, pain and swelling. However, it does not act on the main cause of the development of inflammation - compression of nerve endings with saline outgrowths. (osteophytes)... Therefore, discontinuation of the action of diclofenac may lead to a relapse of inflammation. Thus, an ointment or tablets with diclofenac or any other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug are a temporary measure of symptomatic treatment. But not the main therapy for osteochondrosis.

The main effect of diclofenac is to reduce swelling and soreness, and reduce inflammation. The secondary effect of diclofenac is to lower the temperature (antipyretic effect).

Three types of external preparations are produced on the basis of diclofenac - ointment, cream and gel... Each of them is designed for a specific application. Cream - for quick absorption and a little pain relief (for bruises). Ointment - for long-term action and for the treatment of joints(osteochondrosis, arthritis, arthrosis, other joint inflammation).

The gel form is characterized by an increased concentration of diclofenac. It contains 5% of the active ingredient. Also included is lavender oil. The gel is used to relieve muscle pain quickly and effectively.

What does the instruction and application say about diclofenac gel? The gel is prescribed:

• with any muscle pain;
• when the ligaments are stretched;
• with muscle swelling due to joint degradation (arthritis, arthrosis, sciatica, lumbago).

Diclofenac ointment has a wider application. It is used not only for muscle and joint pain, but also for migraines, abdominal pain (colic, proctitis), and inflammation of the ENT organs. Thus, the ointment is a more versatile long-acting drug. Gel - More Effective Treatment for Muscle Pain.

How to apply diclofenac ointment?

The composition of the ointment is applied to the area of ​​localization of pain and inflammation(on the joint, ankle, foot, or calf muscle, or on the neck, lower back). During the day, the place of pain is smeared 3-4 times, with a thin layer, lightly rubbing into the skin.

Important: diclofenac ointment, cream and gel can only be applied to the skin without wounds, abrasions, cracks, or other damage.

Is it possible for children to apply diclofenac ointment to the sites of localization of musculoskeletal or other pain? The manufacturer limits the use of the ointment to 6 years of age... Children younger than using the ointment are strongly discouraged. For those who are over 6 years old, the composition of the ointment is allowed to be applied to places of pain no more than 2 times a day.

Side effects and contraindications of diclofenac ointment

• With care - diclofenac ointment during pregnancy. Especially not recommended in the last trimester.
• With ulcerative lesions of the digestive organs.
• In case of violations of the excretory and filtering organs (liver, kidneys).
• With a tendency to bleeding and with hemophilia.

Side effects with topical treatment with diclofenac are rare. They occur if the time of admission is not met (if the ointment is used long enough, 1 month or more). In this case, itching, rash, redness may occur. There are usually no other side effects from a topical ointment (gel).

Diclofenac (along with many NSAIDs) thickens the blood and increases its ability to form blood clots. This means that it increases the likelihood of a heart attack, stroke, and other problems with blood vessels. However, this happens only against the background of long-term internal treatment (pills or injections). In such cases, diclofenac can provoke ulcerative conditions. What else is important to know:

• Alcohol should not be consumed with NSAIDs (diclofenac).
• It is best to take diclofenac with meals. Be sure to drink it with water (at least half a glass).
• Do not exceed the dose (even if there is no desired analgesic effect).

In many European countries, systemic treatment with diclofenac (injections and pills) is prohibited. This is due to the fact that prolonged use of the substance increases the viscosity of the blood and promotes the formation of blood clots. As a result, it can lead to a stroke or heart attack. The risk of an increase in vascular diseases, according to foreign experts, is about 40%.

In Russia, diclofenac belongs to the national essential drugs list. It is sold without a medical prescription and its price is quite affordable.

What else is important to know about the drug? It is necessary to be careful with systemic treatment. You can not uncontrollably swallow tablets or put suppositories with the drug for more than 2 weeks... As for the ointment and gel, these local treatments do not penetrate into the general bloodstream and do not have a systemic effect. When applied correctly, according to the instructions, the diclofenac ointment is practically harmless (although it is not recommended to use it for more than 3 weeks).

Diclofenac ointment: analogues

Diclofenac is a non-steroidal acetic acid derivative. In addition to him, there are several other non-steroidal drugs of acid origin. This - indomethacin, ketorolac, aceclofenac... All of them are analogs of non-steroidal diclofenac.

Here are the most popular names for diclofenac ointments:

Ortofen (Switzerland) - ointment, which contains the same diclofenac, but without dimexidum... At the same time, the concentration of diclofenac in it is higher (2% instead of the traditional 1%). Ortofen has the same mechanism of action - it inhibits inflammation enzymes. What is Ortofen diclofenac ointment used for? It has the same indications for use as other non-steroidal substances and is also used to relieve pain and inflammation.

Voltaren (Switzerland) - gel... Its price is the highest among the various drugs with diclofenac. It contains diclofenac not in sodium form, but in the form of diethylamine... It has no petroleum jelly base, but liquid paraffin. Thanks to this, Voltaren is absorbed faster and more quickly manifests its effect. Which is better - domestic Diclofenac Acri or Voltaren ointment (gel) from Switzerland? Voltaren is better in terms of the speed of pain relief. However, this is a rather expensive drug. In addition, it contains more preservatives (allergens). Therefore, with a modest budget and possible allergic reactions, it is better to use a domestic remedy. In addition, the ointment composition has another advantage - long-term absorption and prolonged treatment.

Diklak (Germany)- NSAIDs from German pharmacists, drugs based on it more affordable than Voltaren. In addition to diclofenac and acidic non-steroidal drugs, there are non-steroidal substances that are obtained by other means (ibuprofen, naproxen, ketoprofen, nimesulide, meloxicam)... On their basis, ointments are also produced for the treatment of joint pain. The most famous, ibuprofen ointment, is also an analogue of diclofenac ointment.

Ibuprofen ointment- prescribed for pain and inflammation in the joints and muscles. What to choose, ibuprofen ointment or diclofenac? Ibuprofen has a less pronounced analgesic effect. Therefore, if you have severe pain, you should not replace ibuprofen treatment. But with ordinary dyspepsia, it is quite possible.

Composition and release form of the drug

◊ Ointment for external use white or almost white in color, with a slight specific odor of dimethyl sulfoxide.

Excipients: dimethyl sulfoxide 10 g, macrogol 1500 (polyethylene oxide-1500) 30 g, macrogol 400 (polyethylene oxide 400) 49 g, 1,2-propylene glycol 10 g.

40 g - aluminum tubes (1) - cardboard packs.
50 g - aluminum tubes (1) - cardboard packs.
100 g - aluminum tubes (1) - cardboard packs.

pharmachologic effect

NSAIDs for external use, a derivative of phenylacetic acid. It has anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. The mechanism of action is due to the inhibition of the activity of COX-1 and COX-2, which leads to a violation of the metabolism of arachidonic acid and the synthesis of prostaglandins, which are the main link in the development of inflammation.

When applied externally, it leads to the disappearance or weakening of pain at the site of application, reduces pain in joints at rest and during movement, as well as morning stiffness and swelling of the joints. Promotes an increase in the range of motion in the affected joints.

Pharmacokinetics

The amount of diclofenac absorbed through the skin is proportional to the area of ​​the treated surface and depends both on the total dose of the applied drug and on the degree of skin hydration. The protein binding of diclofenac is 99.7%, mainly with albumin (99.4%). Diclofenac is predominantly distributed and retained deep in tissues prone to inflammation, such as joints, where its concentration is 20 times higher than in plasma.

Diclofenac metabolism is carried out in part by glucuronization of the unchanged molecule, but mainly through single and repeated hydroxylation, which leads to the formation of several phenolic metabolites, most of which are converted to glucuronide conjugates. Two phenolic metabolites are biologically active, but to a significantly lesser extent than diclofenac.

The total systemic plasma clearance of diclofenac is 263 ± 56 ml / min.

The final T 1/2 is 1-2 hours. The T 1/2 of metabolites, including two pharmacologically active ones, is also short-lived and amounts to 1-3 hours. One of the metabolites (3 "-hydroxy-4" -methoxydiclofenac) has a longer T 1 / 2, however, this metabolite is completely inactive. Most of diclofenac and its metabolites are excreted in the urine.

Indications

With inflammatory and degenerative diseases of the spine (sciatica, osteoarthritis, lumbago, sciatica); joint pain (including finger joints, knee joints) with rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis; (due to sprains, overstrains, bruises, injuries); inflammation and swelling of soft tissues and joints due to trauma and rheumatic diseases (tendovaginitis, bursitis, lesions of periarticular tissues).

Contraindications

"Aspirin triad" (attacks of bronchial asthma, urticaria and acute rhinitis when taking or other NSAIDs); violation of the integrity of the skin at the site of application of the drug; III trimester of pregnancy; lactation period (breastfeeding); children under 6 years of age and older, depending on the drug used; hypersensitivity to diclofenac, other NSAIDs or to any of the excipients of the drug used.

WITH caution: hepatic porphyria (in the acute phase); erosive and ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract; severe impairment of liver and kidney function; chronic insufficiency; bronchial asthma; violation of blood clotting (including hemophilia, lengthening of bleeding time, tendency to bleeding); I and II trimesters of pregnancy; elderly patients.

Dosage

When applied externally, the amount of the drug depends on the size of the painful area. A single dose depends on the dosage form used and the patient's age.

Gel, ointment, spray for external use

Adults and children over the age of 12 the drug should be applied to the skin over the area of ​​inflammation 3-4 times / day, Children aged 6 to 12- up to 2 times / day.

The duration of use depends on the indications and the effectiveness of the treatment. After 2 weeks of using the drug, the patient should consult a doctor.

Transdermal patch

Applied as an application to the skin.

Adults, elderly patients and adolescents over 15 years old the patch is applied to the skin over the painful area for 24 hours. Only 1 patch is allowed per day.

In the treatment of soft tissue injuries, the plaster is used for no more than 14 days, and in the treatment of diseases of the muscles and joints - no more than 21 days, if there are no special doctor's recommendations.

If there is no improvement in the condition after 7 days and if the state of health worsens, you should consult your doctor.

Side effects

Determination of the frequency of adverse reactions: very often (≥1 / 10), often (≥1 / 100,<1/10), нечасто (≥1/1000, <1/100), редко (≥1/10 000, <1/1000) и очень редко (<10 000), частота неизвестна (частоту возникновения невозможно определить на основании имеющихся данных).

From the immune system: very rarely - generalized, allergic reactions (urticaria, hypersensitivity: angioedema).

On the part of the respiratory system and organs of the chest and mediastinum: very rarely - asthma attacks, bronchospastic reactions.

From the side of the skin: often - erythema, dermatitis, incl. contact dermatitis (symptoms: eczema, itching, swelling of the treated skin area, rash, papules, vesicles, peeling); rarely, bullous dermatitis; very rarely - photosensitivity reactions.

Drug interactions

Photosensitizing drugs- enhancement of the action of drugs that can cause photosensitization.

special instructions

Apply only to intact skin.

Avoid getting the drug in the eyes, mucous membranes or open wounds.

Do not use under airtight (occlusive) dressings.

Care must be taken when applying large amounts of the drug to large surfaces of sensitive skin over an extended period of time. When used with other dosage forms of diclofenac, the total maximum daily dose should be taken into account.

During the application period, prolonged exposure to the sun should be avoided.

Pregnancy and lactation

Use in the third trimester of pregnancy is contraindicated due to the possibility of a decrease in uterine tone and / or premature closure of the fetal ductus arteriosus.

Use in the elderly

Use with extreme caution in elderly patients.

Since the time of Hippocrates, ancient healers have known that pain during sprains, active training and injuries does not arise by itself. The listed symptoms are often aggravated by inflammatory processes. To completely get rid of the disease, it is important to stop the foci of inflammation. Modern analgesics help, but their effect does not last as long as we would like.

The problem is solved only in a complex way - by the directed action of painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs. Today's article is devoted to one of them. So, we meet - Diclofenac ointment - one of the best remedies for pain in muscles and joints.

Diclofenac ointment is characterized by a broad and multidirectional effect. It is an alpha-toluic acid derivative (acetic acid derivative) with a pronounced analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effect.

The composition of the medication contains anesthetic substances that provide an analgesic effect when applied to the surface of the skin. Thanks to them, natural motor activity is normalized (especially in the joints), swelling "leaves" the tissues.

Diclofenac effectively eliminates inflammation in soft tissues, pain in the joints

Consider what else Diclofenac ointment helps from:

1. Therapy of inflammations arising from lesions of soft tissues and the musculoskeletal system - sprains, treatment of dislocations.
2. Elimination of degenerative disorders and concomitant diseases of the musculoskeletal system.
3. The drug helps to cope with muscle pain, regardless of its etiology.

The pharmaceutical product stands out with a number of obvious advantages in comparison with its closest competitors: it is able to quickly and easily penetrate tissues, overcomes the epithelial barrier without any problems, and does not leave marks upon contact with clothing.

Clinical and pharmacological group

Diclofenac ointment belongs to a large clinical and pharmacological group of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Their main area of ​​application is the prevention, treatment and therapy of muscle and skeletal pain. Liniment is applied only externally, locally.

pharmachologic effect

Diclofenac gel is characterized by anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. The main active ingredient of the composition inhibits the high activity of cyclooxygenase. At the next stage, metabolic processes involving arachidonic acid are disrupted. As a result, the reproduction of cyclooxygenase and prostaglandins - elements localized in the foci of inflammation - is leveled.

The medication regulates the functioning of the immune system. With prolonged use, the anti-allergenic properties of the drug are revealed.

Diclofenac sodium ointment is capable of:

With local application of liniment, about 5-6% of the active substance is absorbed into the main bloodstream.

Release form and composition

Diclofenac gels and ointments differ in the concentration of the main element and auxiliary components. According to the form of release, pharmaceuticals are presented:

• gel for external use 1% - white with a yellow tint, medium density, homogeneous structure - sold in aluminum tubes of 30 and 50 g;
• ointment for local external treatment 5% - yellowish-white of medium consistency with a slight specific odor, homogeneous in structure - presented in 30 and 50 g aluminum tubes.

Each tube is in a separate cardboard box, supplied with an annotation and instructions for use. The concentration of the active substance is 10 and 50 mg per 1 g of the product, respectively.

The composition of diclofenac ointment includes the following components:

If the integrity of the package is damaged, or the consistency differs from the indicated one, there is a pronounced and pungent odor, it is better to refuse to use liniment.

Storage conditions and periods

In accordance with the instructions, the medicinal product must be stored in a place protected from sunlight, away from sources of moisture at a temperature of 15-25 degrees. The shelf life of Diclofenac ointment is 24 months from the date indicated on the package. Liniment must not be stored in refrigerators, because when frozen, the healing properties are lost.

Instructions for use

In accordance with the instructions for use, diclofenac gel (ointment) is applied externally, locally. If a pharmaceutical product is used not as directed by a doctor, it is important to carefully read the annotation and instructions.

Step-by-step instructions for the use of Diclofenac ointment Step by step instructions for use:

1. The affected area is carefully cleaned and treated with an antiseptic.
2. A small amount of liniment (from 1 to 2 g, which corresponds to the volume of an average cherry) is evenly distributed over the painful area.
3. The composition is rubbed into the surface of the epidermis with light massaging movements, because thick consistency is poorly absorbed by the epithelium.
4. For adult patients, the daily dosage of diclofenac is 8 g (corresponds to 3-4 procedures per day).
5. The duration of therapy is 10-14 days.

Indications and contraindications

The unique properties of the ointment composition and the broad directionality of its action allow doctors to prescribe a drug for many ailments and associated complications.

Indications for use:

• swelling with severe pain syndrome caused by diseases of the joints, muscles (sciatica, arthritis, sciatica, lumbago, including back pain);
• muscle pathologies of non-rheumatic and rheumatic etiology (diclofenac helps, including with bruises, bruises, overexertion, sprains and inflammations localized in soft tissues);
• inflammation of the tendons and ligaments;
• pathology of periarticular tissues, bursitis, tendovaginitis.

To summarize, liniment copes with all pains, inflammations and swelling in the back and lower back. It is important to focus on one important point - the medicine removes only the clinical and symptomatic manifestations of the disease, but does not eliminate its cause. Complex therapy is required to completely get rid of the problem.

Contraindications:

The drug has several contraindications that should be taken into account by the doctor when prescribing, and by the patient when applying the ointment:

It is important not to let the ointment or gel get into unhealed or open wounds. Therapy should be carried out under the supervision of a physician.

Method of administration and dosage

Diclofenac is used only for external treatment of affected areas. The composition is gently rubbed into the surface of the skin with an even distribution over the entire area of ​​the disease.

The dosage is determined by the therapeutic focus of the effect:

1. Sprains and sciatica. The disease is eliminated according to the standard scheme for processing the epidermis: 2-4 g of the drug is applied to problem areas no more than 3 times / 24 hours.
2. Osteochondrosis (including those with a high risk of osteoporosis) - 2-4 g of ointment is applied to the site of localization of painful sensations 2 to 3 times a day. The indicated dosage is sufficient to restore motor activity and joint functionality.
3. Sprains and bruises: a standard dose (1-2 g) is applied to the affected area no more than 3 times a day.

For children aged 6 to 12 years, the method of using the ointment is similar to that of adults, but the dosage of the medication is reduced by 2 times.

With radiculitis, the problem area is treated 3 times a day

Diclofenac gel is also characterized by a high therapeutic effect, which differs from the ointment by its prolonged action and rapid tissue absorption. Due to this, it is possible to resist diseases without taking auxiliary drugs, i.e. the total concentration of active substances in the body is lower than with the simultaneous use of liniment and tablets.

Side effects and special instructions

Therapists say that local treatment with the agent in question in inflammatory processes does not cause side effects. An overdose, enhanced by the effect of the drug on large areas of the skin, in combination with prolonged use, can increase the risks of adverse reactions:

In especially severe cases, internal bleeding is recorded in the gastrointestinal tract.

Special instructions for the use of the medication:

1. When asked whether it is possible to use the ointment for children, most pediatricians give an affirmative effect, but it is better to resort to safer medicines.
2. The maximum daily dose for adults is 8 g.
3. Long-term use of diflokenac increases the risk of heart attack by 40%.

The medication in question is relevant in the absence of effective and safe alternatives.

Pregnancy and lactation

During pregnancy and lactation (even in the presence of bruises and injuries), the use of the drug is prohibited due to the lack of relevant data on clinical studies.

Diclofenac ointment is contraindicated in pregnancy

The use of the ointment during the 3-4 trimester is fraught with suppression of labor.

Childhood use

In accordance with the instructions for use, diclofenac cream (ointment) is contraindicated in children under the age of six. The composition can be applied from the age of 6 no more than 2 times every 24 hours, with an average dosage of 2 cm of the medication. Starting from the age of 12, the dosage is increased according to the doctor's prescription up to 4 g, the number of procedures - 3-4 per day.

Ointments based on diclofenac enhance the effect of medications that provoke photosensitization. The simultaneous use of several NSAID drugs increases the likelihood of side effects. No other significant interactions with pharmaceuticals have been confirmed.

Prices and terms of dispensing from pharmacies

The medicine is sold over the counter in pharmacies, and is freely sold in online pharmacies. The cost of the medication varies from 30 to 80 rubles. Some analogs are cheaper than ointment (see below), but the mechanism of action on problem areas differs from that discussed above.

Average prices for diclofenac ointment in Russia:

The cost of the drug is one of the most affordable among similar medicines.

Analogs

Analogues of diclofenac ointment are conventionally divided into pharmaceuticals with the same active ingredient and similar non-steroidal drugs.

• Direct analogs: Naklofen, Voltaren, Diklak, Ortofen.
• Similar remedies:"Naproxen", "Meloxicam", "Indomethacin",.

Only a doctor selects a substitute, based on the optimal form of the drug and the general assessment of the patient's condition, whether he has contraindications.

Diclofenac

Pharmgroup

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Compound

Active ingredient: sodium diclofenac - 1 g.

Excipients: dimexide, polyethylene oxide - 1500, polyethylene oxide - 400, 1,2-propylene glycol.

pharmachologic effect

Diclofenac has anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-edematous effects due to inhibition of the synthesis of prostaglandins, which play a major role in the pathogenesis of inflammation. In rheumatic diseases, it reduces joint pain at rest and during movement, as well as morning stiffness and swelling of the joints, and helps to increase the range of motion. When applied externally, diclofenac penetrates the skin and accumulates in the underlying tissues (subcutaneous tissue, muscle tissue, joint capsule and joint cavity).

Pharmacokinetics

Indications for use

Inflammatory and degenerative diseases of the musculoskeletal system (articular syndrome in rheumatism and exacerbation of gout, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, osteoarthritis, sciatica, inflammation of the ligaments, tendons, sciatica, lumbago). Muscle pains of rheumatic and non-rheumatic origin. Post-traumatic inflammation of soft tissues and musculoskeletal system (ligament injuries, dislocations, bruises).

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to diclofenac, acetylsalicylic acid or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, pregnancy, lactation, childhood (up to 6 years).

special instructions

Method of administration and dosage

Ointment is applied externally in an amount of 2-4 grams, depending on the area of ​​the painful area, with a thin layer on the affected area and gently rubbed into the skin 3-4 times a day. The ointment should be applied only to intact skin, avoiding contact with the eyes, mucous membranes and open wounds.

Side effect

In rare cases, itching, redness, rash, and local burning may occur.

Overdose

With external use of the ointment, an overdose is unlikely. However, when applying the ointment to large areas of the skin and with prolonged use, the possibility of systemic side effects of diclofenac cannot be completely excluded.

Interaction with other medications

When using diclofenac ointment, interaction with other drugs is minimal. However, it should be remembered that with the simultaneous use of diclofenac with potassium-sparing diuretics, an increase in the concentration of potassium in the blood is possible; with "loop diuretics" - a decrease in their diuretic effect; with other NSAIDs - an increased risk of side effects. Diclofenac, when used simultaneously, may cause an increase in the concentration of digoxin and lithium in the blood plasma.

Diclofenac is an effective anti-inflammatory agent that is appropriate in many situations. It is good for joints and soft tissues. Diclofenac ointment is inexpensive, therefore it is used often. It is important for patients to know how to apply it correctly, and how long it is allowed to use.

Diclofenac is an ointment for external use. It is usually applied to the surface of the skin.

It is sold in three volumes:

• 40 g;
• 50 g;
• 100 g

In all cases, the preparation is packaged in an aluminum tube with a screw cap.

The composition of the medication includes the chemical substance diclofenac sodium in proportions of 100: 1. Dimexide may exhibit additional activity. It not only relieves inflammation along with diclofenac, but also accelerates the process of clearing tissues from toxins, and is also capable of killing some microbes.

All other components of the ointment form its base. These are preservatives, organic acids, propylene glycol.

Pharmacological properties pharmacokinetics

Diclofenac is one of the most popular drugs in the NSAID group. All such medications are designed to fight inflammation. The active substance enters the tissues and changes the enzymatic activity at the cellular level. Specifically, it inhibits the cyclooxygenase enzyme. Further, the synthesis of prostaglandins slows down - compounds that provide the course of inflammatory processes.

Diclofenac helps with severe painful sensations. In this case, the tool does not work by blocking receptors and stopping the transmission of signals from the source of discomfort to the cerebral cortex, as is the case with the use of traditional analgesics. "Diclofenac" acts on the main cause of unpleasant sensations, therefore eliminates, rather than dulls the pain.

Experts note that Diclofenac is able not only to eliminate inflammation, but also to reduce body temperature due to a moderate antipyretic effect.

The drug in the form of an ointment is quickly absorbed into the epidermis and begins to work within 20 - 30 minutes after application. It does not enter the bloodstream, as it happens when using injections or tablets, when the active component binds to albumin proteins and is distributed throughout the body with the blood. The medicine immediately enters only those areas where inflammatory processes are actively going on and lingers there for a long time, which provides a therapeutic effect.

The spent medicine in the form of metabolites - glucuronide conjugates - leaves the body along with urine. Part of the drug is excreted through the kidneys in an unchanged form.

What does Diclofenac ointment help from?

The remedy is prescribed for joint pathologies, which are accompanied by severe pain and swelling. At the same time, it is important that the uncomfortable sensations are provoked precisely by the inflammatory processes. So, with osteochondrosis or similar diseases, pinching of the nerve endings becomes the cause of pain. In this case, "Diclofenac" can be used, but only as an element of additional therapy.

The list of main indications for using the ointment includes:

• joint pain (hands, feet, knees);
• degenerative changes in the spinal column (sciatica, lumbago, sciatica);
• rheumatoid arthritis;
• diseases of a rheumatic nature;
• muscle pain resulting from injuries, bruises, sprains.

In all these cases, the ointment will become an effective assistant, improving well-being and accelerating recovery.

Age restrictions for use

Medicines for external use are considered the most gentle, since they do not affect the gastrointestinal tract and do not provoke the destruction of its mucous membranes. However, even ointments can be dangerous, so they should be used only after consultation with a doctor.

"Diclofenac" does not contain hormonal substances in its composition, however, it is prescribed not to all patients. Doctors must take into account the age of the person who applied. So, the ointment is allowed for adults and adolescents. It can be applied to children, but they must be at least 6 years old.

Instructions for the use of Diclofenac ointment

The ointment treatment process is rarely difficult. It is enough only to strictly follow the scheme proposed by the doctor or indicated in the annotation to the medication.

The ointment is applied directly to the focus of pain and inflammation. A small amount is squeezed out of the tube and rubbed into the skin with light circular movements. During the day, the drug can be used no more than 3 - 4 times. For children under 12, it is better to reduce the dosage and apply the ointment only twice.

As soon as the first improvements are noticed, you need to switch to double use, and later apply the ointment only once a day in order to avoid an excess of the active ingredient in the tissues.

Important! Do not apply the ointment to damaged skin. The drug is not used for deep cuts, abrasions. Do not allow the agent to penetrate into the wound.

Is it possible to use the drug during pregnancy and lactation

Hormonal drugs are strictly prohibited while carrying a child, but non-steroidal drugs are sometimes prescribed, especially if there are indications for their use. Diclofenac ointment is appropriate during pregnancy, but precautions should be taken with such treatment.

The ointment can only be used in the first two trimesters. In the later stages, it is impossible to influence the synthesis of prostaglandins. These compounds are not only responsible for the formation of foci of inflammation, but also stimulate the timely onset of labor. In other words, with a lack of them, a woman gives birth much later than the term. Because of this, the fetus suffers. It grows continuously, and the volume of amniotic fluid decreases, which is fraught with hypoxia or entanglement with the umbilical cord.

The ban is also associated with the fact that prostaglandins are involved in maintaining the normal tone of the uterus and the formation of its muscle layer. Without them, a woman's body simply will not be able to maintain a pregnancy for the entire 40 weeks.

Lactation is another contraindication to the use of any form of medication, including ointment. The active substance will accumulate in the milk and be passed on to the child, which should not be allowed in order to avoid disrupting the normal pace of its development.

Drug interactions with other drugs

"Diclofenac" is well tolerated by the body and is combined with almost all other drugs, so there are no specific restrictions, with the exception of any medications that can increase the susceptibility to UV rays. In this case, photosensitivity is enhanced.

Contraindications, side effects and overdose

Diclofenac is ideal for relieving inflammation, as it practically does not cause side effects.

In the rarest cases, a local allergic reaction occurs on the skin in the area of ​​regular application, which manifests itself as:

• redness;
• peeling;
• local temperature rise.

The listed symptoms can cause inconvenience, but they disappear on their own after the ointment is canceled.

Among the signs of an overdose with an active substance, excessive thickening of the blood is called, which can provoke the formation of blood clots in the vascular bed, followed by clogging of the arteries or capillaries. In practice, a similar phenomenon is observed only with prolonged use of tablets or injections. The ointment is considered the safest medication option, therefore it is allowed in all countries.

Theoretically, "Diclofenac" can cause gastrointestinal pathologies associated with damage to the mucous membranes lining the tract from the inside. This is due to the fact that during treatment, the amount of prostaglandins, which normally regulate the formation of protective mucus on the walls of the esophagus and stomach, sharply decreases. If it becomes too little, then the shells begin to collapse. The situation can be aggravated by the intake of aggressive food or alcohol, as well as a weakening of immunity, followed by the penetration of pathogenic bacteria into the gastrointestinal tract. According to this scheme, gastritis and peptic ulcer disease develop.

Doctors urge not to panic, but to reason sensibly. "Diclofenac" can really provoke a disruption of the gastrointestinal tract, but there are ways to prevent the development of pathologies.

• strictly adhere to dosages;
• further strengthen the immune system;
• do not use Diclofenac with alcohol.

A remedy in the form of an ointment is considered effective and the safest, since it does not affect either the digestive or vascular system. Side effects are minimized, so you can safely purchase an ointment and use it, however, doctors warn that there are still a number of restrictions.

The list of main contraindications includes:

• hemophilia;
• stomach ulcer;
• renal failure;
• severe liver pathologies;
• hypersensitivity;
• lactation period;
• the final trimester of pregnancy;
• age up to 6 years.

In some cases, it is allowed to use the ointment, but you need to carefully monitor your health and, if it worsens, immediately consult a doctor. These conditions include heart failure, pregnancy (1st and 2nd trimesters), old age.

Diclofenac ointment analogs

"Diclofenac" in the form of an ointment is an inexpensive and effective remedy, which largely explains the increased demand for it. However, pharmacies also offer analogues of the medication.

1. Voltaren. This is a similar medicine in a lighter form, which promotes rapid absorption into the deep layers of the epidermis. The effect is achieved due to the basis of liquid paraffin and the presence of an active substance in the form of diethylamine.
2. Ortofen. An ointment with an increased concentration of diclofenac and a complete absence of Dimexide. It is used for severe pain associated with inflammatory processes.
3. Ibuprofen. The composition of this tool includes the substance of the same name. It works in a similar way to diclofenac and can also help relieve swelling and pain.

To choose the right drug and quickly get better, it is better to see a doctor. The specialist will find out the true causes of the pain and will be able to determine whether the diclofenac-based ointments will help, or the patient will need to choose a different therapy regimen.