Medal with a large star. Military awards of the Great Patriotic War (photo). Order of the Red Star
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the formation of the award system of modern Russia - the Russian Federation began. It was natural that the elements of the award system of the USSR were used in its construction. However, many elements were borrowed from the award system of the Russian Empire, which should indicate the continuity of modern Russia in relation to pre-revolutionary Russia.
Orders of the Russian Federation
The Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called is the highest state award of the Russian Federation.
It is awarded to outstanding statesmen and public figures and other citizens of the Russian Federation for exceptional services that contribute to the prosperity, greatness and glory of Russia.
The Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called can be awarded for outstanding services to the Russian Federation to the heads and heads of governments of foreign states.
The badge of the Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called is worn on the order chain or on the shoulder strap. Wearing the badge of the Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called on the order chain is allowed on especially solemn occasions. When wearing the badge of the Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called on the shoulder strap, it passes over the right shoulder. The star of the Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called is located on the left side of the chest, to the left of the orders below the order pads.
Those awarded for distinction in military operations are awarded the badge and the star of the Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called with swords.
When wearing the ribbon of the Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called on the bar, it is located above other ribbons of the order.
The Order of St. George is the highest military award of the Russian Federation. The statute of the order was approved by the Decree 
President of the Russian Federation of August 8, 2000 No. 1463. The order was established by Catherine II on November 26, 1769. It was restored on March 2, 1992.
The Order of St. George is awarded to military personnel from among senior and senior officers for conducting military operations to defend the Fatherland in the event of an attack by an external enemy, which ended in a complete defeat of the enemy, who became an example of military art, whose exploits serve as an example of valor and courage for all generations of defenders of the Fatherland and who are awarded state awards Russian Federation for the differences shown in hostilities.
The order has four degrees. The highest is the I degree. The order of the I and II degrees has a sign and a star, III and IV - only a sign.
The Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" was established by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 2, 1994 No. 442. The statute and description of the Order "For Services to the Fatherland" were approved by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 2, 1994, No. 442. By the Presidential Decree of January 6, 1999 No. 19 in the statute and description amended.
The Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" is awarded to citizens for particularly outstanding services to the state related to the development of Russian statehood, achievements in labor, the strengthening of peace, friendship and cooperation between peoples, for their significant contribution to the defense of the Fatherland.
The Order of Merit for the Fatherland has four degrees:
Order of Merit for the Fatherland, 1st degree;
Order of Merit for the Fatherland, II degree;
Order of Merit for the Fatherland, III degree;
Order of Merit for the Fatherland, IV degree.
The Order of Merit for the Fatherland of I and II degrees has a sign and a star, III and IV degrees - only a sign.
The Order of Zhukov was established by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 9, 1994 No. 930. The statute and description of the order were approved by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 243 of March 6, 1995.
The Order of Zhukov is awarded to:
commanders of fronts and armies, their deputies, chiefs of staff, chiefs of operational directorates and operational departments, chiefs of combat arms of fronts and armies, commanders of corps, divisions, brigades, awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union or awarded orders for excellence in leadership of troops during combat operations in the period of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945;
commanders of fleets, flotillas and their deputies, commanders of squadrons, naval bases, brigades, awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union or awarded orders for conducting combat operations together with the Red Army during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945;
senior officers, as well as senior officers in the position of division (brigade) commander and above the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation for their merits in the development and successful conduct of major operations during the period of hostilities to defend the Fatherland.
The Order of Zhukov is awarded by the decree of the President of the Russian Federation.
The Zhukov Order is worn on the right side of the chest.
The Order of Courage was established by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 2, 1994 No. 442. The statute and description of the Order of Courage were approved by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 442 of March 2, 1994. By the Presidential Decree No. 19 of January 6, 1999, the statute and description were amended ...
The Order of Courage is awarded to citizens for selflessness, courage and courage shown in saving people, maintaining public order, in the fight against crime, during natural disasters, fires, catastrophes and other emergency , civil or official duty in a life-threatening environment.
The Order of Courage is worn on the left side of the chest and, in the presence of other orders of the Russian Federation, is placed after the Order of Merit to the Fatherland, IV degree.
The Order "For Military Merit" was established by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 2, 1994 No. 442. The statute and description of the Order "For Military Merit" were approved by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 2, 1994, No. 442. By the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of January 6, 1999 No. 19, statute and description amended.
The Order For Military Merit is awarded to military personnel:
for the exemplary performance of military duty by servicemen of subordinate units, units, formations, their impeccable performance of their official duties and the achievement of high combat training;
for high combat readiness of troops and ensuring the defense capability of the Russian Federation;
for high personal performance in service, courage and courage shown in the performance of military duty;
for merits in strengthening the military community and military cooperation with friendly states.
The Order for Military Merit is awarded for the indicated merits and subject to conscientious service for at least 10 calendar years.
The Order for Military Merit is worn on the left side of the chest and, if there are other orders of the Russian Federation, it is placed after the Order of Courage.
The Order For Marine Merit was established by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of February 27, 2002 N 245. The statute and description of the Order For Marine Merit were approved by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of February 27, 2002 N 245.
The Order for Marine Merit is awarded to citizens for their merits in the study, development and use of the World Ocean in the interests of the country's defense, ensuring its national security, socio-economic and cultural development, as well as for their great contribution to strengthening Russia's maritime potential.
The Order for Marine Merit is worn on the left side of the chest and, if there are other orders of the Russian Federation, it is placed after the Order for Military Merit.
The Order of Honor was established by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 2, 1994 No. 442. The statute and description of the Order of Honor were approved by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 2, 1994, No. 442. By the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of January 6, 1999 No. 19, the statute and description were amended ...
The Order of Honor is awarded to citizens for high achievements in state, industrial, research, socio-cultural, social and charitable activities, which made it possible to significantly improve the living conditions of people, for services in training highly qualified personnel, educating the younger generation, maintaining law and order.
The Order of Honor is worn on the left side of the chest and, in the presence of other orders of the Russian Federation, is located after the Order for Military Merit.
The Order of Friendship was established by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 2, 1994 No. 442. The statute and description of the Order of Friendship were approved by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 2, 1994 No. 442. By the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of January 6, 1999 No. 19, the statute and description were amended ...
The Order of Friendship is awarded to citizens for their great contribution to the strengthening of friendship and cooperation between nations and nationalities, high achievements in the development of the economic and scientific potential of Russia, for especially fruitful activities for the rapprochement and mutual enrichment of the cultures of nations and nationalities, strengthening peace and friendly relations between states.
The Order of Friendship is worn on the left side of the chest and, in the presence of other orders of the Russian Federation, is located after the Order of Honor.
The Order of Parental Glory was established by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 13, 2008 No. 775. Statute and description of the order 
approved by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 13, 2008 No. 775.
The Order of Parental Glory is awarded to parents (adoptive parents) who are married in a civil registry office, or, in the case of an incomplete family, one of the parents (adoptive parents) who are raising and (or) raising four or more children - citizens Of the Russian Federation, form a socially responsible family, lead a healthy lifestyle, provide an appropriate level of care for the health, education, physical, spiritual and moral development of children, full and harmonious development of their personality, set an example in strengthening the institution of the family and raising children.
The awarding of the order of "Parental Glory" to the persons referred to in paragraph one of this Statute is made upon the fourth child reaching the age of three years and if there are other children alive, with the exception of cases provided for by this Statute.
When awarding the Order of Parental Glory, children are taken into account who died or disappeared while defending the Fatherland or its interests, in the performance of military, official or civic duty, who died as a result of injury, contusion, injury or illness received under these circumstances, or as a result of work injury or occupational disease.
The system of state awards of the Russian Federation also retains the military orders of Suvorov, Ushakov, Kutuzov, Alexander Nevsky, Nakhimov, established in honor of outstanding Russian commanders and naval commanders in the harsh years of the Great Patriotic War. These renowned orders are awarded for feats and distinctions in battles to defend the Fatherland in an attack on the Russian Federation by an external enemy.
Established by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated July 29, 1942. Subsequently, the statute of the order was supplemented by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of February 8, 1943, and partial changes and additions were made to the description of the order by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of September 30, 1942 and the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of June 19, 1943.
The Order of Suvorov is awarded to commanders of the Red Army for outstanding successes in command and control of troops, excellent organization of combat operations and the decisiveness and perseverance shown at the same time in their conduct, as a result of which victory was achieved in the battles for the Motherland in the Patriotic War.
The Order of Suvorov is awarded by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. The Order of Suvorov consists of three degrees: I, II, and III degrees. The highest degree of the order is I degree.
Established by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated March 3, 1944. Subsequently, the Decree of March 3, 1944 was amended by the Decrees of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of February 26 and December 16, 1947.
The Order of Ushakov is awarded to officers of the Navy for outstanding achievements in the development, conduct and support of naval active operations, as a result of which victory over a numerically superior enemy was achieved in the battles for the Motherland.
The Ushakov Order is awarded by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. The Ushakov Order consists of two degrees: I and II degrees. The highest degree of the order is I degree.
The first and second degrees of the Order of Kutuzov were established by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated July 29, 1942. The third degree of the order was established by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of February 8, 1943. Later, partial changes were made to the description of the order by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of September 30, 1942, the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of May 3, 1943 and the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of June 19, 1943. The Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of February 8, 1943 was amended by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of February 26, 1947.
Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of September 7, 2010 No. 1099 "On measures to improve the state award system of the Russian Federation" established the statute and description of the order. In accordance with them, the Order of Alexander Nevsky became a general civil award, and his badge now reproduces the design of the pre-revolutionary order.
The order is awarded to:
citizens of the Russian Federation holding public service positions, for special personal services to the Fatherland in state building, long-term conscientious service and high results achieved by them in the line of duty, in strengthening the international prestige of Russia, the country's defense capability, economic development, science, education , culture, arts, health and other services,
citizens of the Russian Federation for high personal achievements in various sectors of the economy, research, socio-cultural, educational and other socially useful activities.
Established by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated March 3, 1944. Subsequently, this Decree was amended by the Decrees of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of February 26 and December 16, 1947.
The Order of Nakhimov is awarded to officers of the Navy for outstanding successes in the development, conduct and support of naval operations, as a result of which an offensive operation of the enemy was repelled or active operations of the fleet were ensured, significant damage was inflicted on the enemy, and their main forces were retained.
The awarding of the Order of Nakhimov is carried out by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. The Order of Nakhimov consists of two degrees: I and II degrees. The highest degree of the order is I degree.
Medals of the Russian Federation
The Gold Star medal was established by the Law of the Russian Federation dated March 20, 1992, No. 2553-1.
Awarded to citizens who have been awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation for their services to the state and people associated with the accomplishment of a heroic deed.
The Gold Star medal is a five-pointed star with smooth dihedral rays on the obverse. The beam length is 15 mm. The reverse side of the medal has a smooth surface and is limited along the contour by a protruding thin rim.
Gold medal, weighing 21.5 grams.
The medal is connected with a lug and a ring with a metal gilded block, the inner part of which is covered with a three-color moire ribbon in accordance with the colors of the State flag of the Russian Federation.
It is worn on the left side of the chest above orders and medals.
The regulation on the insignia of the St. George Cross was approved by Presidential Decree No. 1463 of August 8, 2000. The insignia of the Military Order was established in 1807, which in 1913 was named the St. George Cross. Restored on March 2, 1992.
The badge of distinction - the St.George Cross is awarded to servicemen from among soldiers, sailors, sergeants and foremen, warrant officers and warrant officers, junior officers for feats and distinctions in battles to defend the Fatherland against an external enemy attack, serving as an example of courage, dedication and military skill.
Has four degrees. The highest is the I degree. The distance between the ends of the cross is 34 mm.
Medal of the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" Regulations and description of the Medal of the Order "For Services to the Fatherland" were approved by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 2, 1994 No. 442. By the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of January 6, 1999 No. 19, the regulations and description were amended.
The Medal of the Order "For Services to the Fatherland" is awarded to citizens for services in the field of industry and agriculture, construction and transport, science and education, health care and culture, as well as in other areas of labor activity: for a great contribution to the defense of the Fatherland, success in maintaining high combat readiness of subunits, units and formations, for excellent performance in combat training and other merits during military service; for strengthening the rule of law and law and order, ensuring state security.
The Medal of the Order of Merit for the Fatherland has two degrees.
The Medal "For Courage" was established by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 2, 1994 No. 442. The position and description of the medal "For Courage" were approved by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 2, 1994 No. 442. By the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of January 6, 1999 No. 19 the position and description have been changed. By the decree of the President of the Russian Federation of April 17, 2003 N 444, changes were made to the regulation on the medal.
The Medal "For Courage" is awarded to military personnel, as well as employees of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation, the State Fire Service of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Elimination of the Consequences of Natural Disasters, and other citizens of the Russian Federation for personal courage and courage shown by:
in battles while protecting the Russian Federation and its state interests;
when performing special tasks to ensure the state security of the Russian Federation;
while protecting the state border of the Russian Federation;
in the performance of military, service or civil duty, protection of the constitutional rights of citizens in conditions associated with a risk to life.
The medal "Defender of Free Russia" was established by the Law of the Russian Federation of July 2, 1992 N 3183-I "On the establishment of the medal" Defender of Free Russia ". The position and description are approved by the same law.
The medal "Defender of Free Russia" is awarded by the President of the Russian Federation.
The medal "Defender of Free Russia" is awarded to citizens of the Russian Federation, foreign citizens and stateless persons for courage shown in protecting the constitutional system during the attempted coup d'etat on August 19-21, 1991, for merits in the implementation of democratic transformations, economic and political reforms , strengthening of the Russian statehood, for the contribution to the solution of national problems.
Presentation and presentation of the medal "Defender of Free Russia" for rewarding and its presentation shall be carried out in the manner established by the current legislation on state awards of the Russian Federation.
Established by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 2, 1994 No. 442.
The medal is awarded to citizens for saving people during natural disasters, on the water, underground, when extinguishing fires and in other circumstances.
Medal "For the salvation of the lost" made of silver. On the obverse of the medal there is a relief image of the badge of the Order of Courage. The medal diameter is 32 mm.
It is worn on the left side of the chest and in the presence of other medals of the Russian Federation, it is located after the medal "For Courage".
Established by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 2, 1994 No. 442.
The medal is awarded to servicemen for personal courage and courage shown in the defense of the Fatherland and the state interests of the Russian Federation in hostilities on land, during military service and combat duty, during exercises and maneuvers, while serving to protect the state border of the Russian Federation, for excellent performance in combat training and field training.
Suvorov medal made of silver. On the obverse of the medal there is a profile (left) bust image of A.V.Suvorov. Along the upper edge - an inscription in relief letters: "Alexander Suvorov", in the lower part - a relief image of laurel branches. The medal diameter is 32 mm.
It is worn on the left side of the chest and in the presence of other medals of the Russian Federation, it is located after the medal "For the rescue of the dead".
Established by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 2, 1994 No. 442.
The medal is awarded to servicemen of the Navy and maritime security agencies of the Federal Border Service of the Russian Federation for personal courage and courage shown in defending the Fatherland and the state interests of the Russian Federation in naval theaters of military operations, while protecting the state border of the Russian Federation, while performing combat missions by ships and units of the Navy and the maritime security agencies of the Federal Border Service of the Russian Federation, during combat service and combat duty, at exercises and maneuvers, while performing military duty in conditions associated with a risk to life, as well as for excellent performance in combat training and marine training.
Ushakov's medal made of silver. The medal diameter is 36 mm.
It is worn on the left side of the chest and, in the presence of other medals of the Russian Federation, is located after the Suvorov medal.
Established by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 2, 1994 No. 442.
The medal is awarded to servicemen of the Air Force, aviation of the branches and arms of the Armed Forces, the Federal Border Service and the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, flight personnel of civil aviation and the aviation industry for personal courage and bravery shown in defending the Fatherland and the state interests of the Russian Federation, carrying out combat service and combat duty, during exercises and maneuvers, for special merits in the development, operation and maintenance of aviation equipment, high professional skill in aircraft navigation, for excellent performance in combat training and aerial training.
Nesterov medal made of silver. The medal diameter is 32 mm.
It is worn on the left side of the chest and, in the presence of other medals of the Russian Federation, is located after the Ushakov medal.
Established by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 2, 1994 No. 442.
The medal is awarded to servicemen of the border service and border troops of the Federal Border Service of the Russian Federation, other servicemen, as well as other citizens.
The medal is awarded:
for military exploits and special services shown in the protection of the state border of the Russian Federation;
for the courage and dedication shown in hostilities during the arrest of violators of the state border of the Russian Federation, and other merits.
It is worn on the left side of the chest and, in the presence of other medals of the Russian Federation, is located after the Nesterov medal.
Established by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 2, 1994 No. 442.
The medal is awarded to employees of internal affairs bodies, servicemen of internal troops, other servicemen for courage and courage shown in the maintenance of public order and in the fight against offenses, for high performance in service and other merits during the period of service, as well as other citizens for assistance to the authorities internal affairs in their work to protect public order.
Silver medal. The medal diameter is 32 mm.
It is worn on the left side of the chest and, in the presence of other medals of the Russian Federation, is placed after the medal "For Excellence in the Protection of the State Border".
Established by the Law of the Russian Federation of July 7, 1993 No. 5336-1.
The medal is awarded:
servicemen and civilian personnel who took part in the ranks of the Armed Forces of the USSR in hostilities on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War, partisans of the Great Patriotic War, members of the underground, persons awarded with medals "For Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945." "For the victory over Japan", as well as persons holding a certificate of a participant in the war;
home front workers who were awarded orders and medals of the USSR for their selfless work during the Great Patriotic War, as well as persons who have the sign "Resident of besieged Leningrad";
former underage prisoners of concentration camps.
It is worn on the left side of the chest.
The Zhukov medal was established by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 9, 1994 No. 930. The position and description of the medal were approved by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 6, 1995 N 243. By the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of December 30, 1995 N 1334, the regulations on the medal were amended ...
The Zhukov Medal is awarded to servicemen and civilians of the Red Army, the Navy, the NKVD troops, partisans, members of the underground for bravery, fortitude and courage shown in hostilities with the Nazi invaders, Japanese militarists, and to commemorate the 100th anniversary birthday of G.K. Zhukov.
The grounds for awarding are documents confirming direct participation in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 as part of the active army or in hostilities against Japan.
The Zhukov medal is awarded by the decree of the President of the Russian Federation.
The Zhukov medal is presented on behalf of and on behalf of the President of the Russian Federation by the heads of state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, heads of administrations of districts, cities, military commissars and military leaders.
The medal "60 years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945" was established on February 28, 2004 by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 277. Regulations on the jubilee medal "60 years of victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945." approved by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of February 28, 2004 N 277. "Instruction on the presentation of the jubilee medal" 60 years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. " approved by the order of the President of the Russian Federation of November 10, 2004 N 533-rp.
Jubilee medal "60 years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945." are awarded:
servicemen and civilians who took part in the ranks of the USSR Armed Forces in hostilities on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War, partisans and members of underground organizations operating during the Great Patriotic War in the temporarily occupied territories of the USSR, military personnel and civilians who served during the Great Patriotic War. Of the Patriotic War in the Armed Forces of the USSR, persons awarded with medals "For Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945", "For Victory over Japan", as well as persons who have a certificate for the medal "For Victory over Germany war 1941 - 1945 " or a certificate of a participant in the war;
home front workers, awarded for their selfless labor during the Great Patriotic War orders of the USSR, medals "For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945", "For Labor Valor", "For Labor Merit", "For the Defense of Leningrad" For the defense of Moscow, For the defense of Odessa, For the defense of Sevastopol, For the defense of Stalingrad, For the defense of Kiev, For the defense of the Caucasus, For the defense of the Soviet Arctic besieged Leningrad "or a certificate for the medal" For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War 1941 - 1945 ";
persons who worked in the period from June 22, 1941 to May 9, 1945 for at least six months, excluding the period of work in the temporarily occupied territories of the USSR;
former underage prisoners of concentration camps, ghettos and other places of detention created by the Nazis and their allies during the Second World War;
citizens of foreign states that are not members of the Commonwealth of Independent States who fought as part of military national formations in the ranks of the Armed Forces of the USSR, as part of partisan detachments, underground groups, other anti-fascist formations, who made a significant contribution to the Victory in the Great Patriotic War and were awarded state awards of the USSR or Russian Federation.
Established by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of February 10, 1996 No. 176.
The medal is awarded:
servicemen serving in the Navy, the naval forces of the FPS of Russia, if they have been awarded state awards of the Russian Federation, the RSFSR, the USSR and have served impeccably on ships and as flight personnel of naval aviation for 10, and in other naval units for 20 or more years in calendar terms ;
naval servicemen who took part in hostilities with the Nazi invaders and Japanese militarists in 1941-1945, as well as other citizens.
Silver-plated tombak medal. The medal diameter is 32 mm.
It is worn on the left side of the chest and is located after the Zhukov medal.
Established by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of February 26, 1997 No. 132.
The medal is awarded:
participants in the defense of Moscow, awarded the medal "For the Defense of Moscow";
home front workers who worked during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. in Moscow and awarded with state awards;
citizens awarded the medal "In Commemoration of the 800th Anniversary of Moscow";
citizens who have made a significant contribution to the development of Moscow.
Brass medal. The medal diameter is 32 mm.
It is worn on the left side of the chest and in the presence of other medals of the Russian Federation, it is located after the medal "300 years of the Russian fleet".
Established by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 9, 1999 No. 574.
The medal is awarded to citizens for merits in the field of culture, education, humanities, literature and art, for their great contribution to the study and preservation of cultural heritage, in the convergence and mutual enrichment of the cultures of nations and nationalities.
Silver medal. It has the shape of a circle with a convex rim on both sides. The medal diameter is 32 mm.
It is worn on the left side of the chest and is located after the medal "In Commemoration of the 850th Anniversary of Moscow".
The jubilee medal "100 years of the Trans-Siberian Railway" was established by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of June 27, 2001 N 777. The position and description of the medal "100 years of the Trans-Siberian Railway" were approved by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of June 27, 2001 N 777.
The jubilee medal "100 years of the Trans-Siberian Railway" is awarded to railway workers who have worked impeccably in the industry for 20 or more years, as well as other citizens who have made a significant contribution to the development of the Trans-Siberian Railway.
The medal "100 years of the Trans-Siberian Railway" is worn on the left side of the chest and is located after the Pushkin medal.
The Medal "For Merit in Conducting the All-Russian Population Census" was established by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of October 14, 2002 N 1151. The position and description of the medal "For Merit in Conducting the All-Russian Population Census" were approved by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of October 14, 2002 N 1151.
The medal "For Merit in Conducting the All-Russian Population Census" is awarded to citizens who have made a significant contribution to the preparation and conduct of the All-Russian Population Census.
The medal "For Merit in Conducting the All-Russian Population Census" is worn on the left side of the chest and is located after the jubilee medal "100 years of the Trans-Siberian Railway".
The medal "In Commemoration of the 300th Anniversary of St. Petersburg" was established by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of February 19, 2003 N 210. The position and description of the medal "In Commemoration of the 300th Anniversary of St. Petersburg" were approved by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of February 19, 2003 N 210 ...
The medal "In Commemoration of the 300th Anniversary of St. Petersburg" is awarded to:
participants in the defense of Leningrad, awarded the medal "For the Defense of Leningrad";
citizens awarded with the sign "Resident of the besieged Leningrad";
home front workers who worked during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 in Leningrad and were awarded state awards;
citizens awarded the medal "In Commemoration of the 250th Anniversary of Leningrad";
citizens who have made a significant contribution to the development of St. Petersburg.
The medal "In Commemoration of the 300th Anniversary of St. Petersburg" is worn on the left side of the chest and is located after the medal "For Merit in Conducting the All-Russian Population Census".
The medal "For labors in agriculture" was established by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 10, 2004 N 335. The position and description of the medal "For labors in agriculture" were approved by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 10, 2004 N 335.
The medal "For labors in agriculture" is awarded to citizens for merits in the field of agriculture and a great contribution to the development of the agro-industrial complex, personnel training, scientific and other activities aimed at increasing the efficiency of agricultural production.
The medal "For Labor in Agriculture" is worn on the left side of the chest and is located after the medal "In Commemoration of the 300th Anniversary of St. Petersburg".
The medal "In Commemoration of the 1000th Anniversary of Kazan" was established by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of June 30, 2005 N 762. The position and description of the medal "In Commemoration of the 1000th Anniversary of Kazan" were approved by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of June 30, 2005 N 762.
The medal "In Commemoration of the 1000th Anniversary of Kazan" is awarded to:
residents of Kazan - participants in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945;
residents of Kazan - home front workers who worked during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 in Kazan for at least six months or were awarded orders and medals of the USSR for selfless labor in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945;
residents of Kazan - labor veterans;
citizens who have made a significant contribution to the development of Kazan.
The presentation of the medal is carried out on the basis of the lists of citizens approved by the President of the Republic of Tatarstan for the presentation of the medal.
The medal is presented on behalf of the President of the Russian Federation in a solemn atmosphere. Together with the medal, the recipient is awarded a certificate for the medal, which has a number.
The medal "In Commemoration of the 1000th Anniversary of Kazan" is worn on the left side of the chest and is located after the medal "For Works in Agriculture".
Established by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 2, 1994 No. 442.
The badge is awarded to citizens elected or appointed to office in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal laws, as well as civil servants.
The awarding of the badge of distinction "For impeccable service" is made for specific merits that have brought significant benefits to the Fatherland.
Servicemen are awarded the insignia “For Impeccable Service” on the St. George ribbon, other citizens - on the ribbon of the Order “For Merit to the Fatherland”.
The insignia "For Impeccable Service" is a rectangle measuring 29 mm by 32 mm.
It is worn on the left side of the chest and, in the presence of other orders and medals, is located below them.
At the very beginning of 1943, the Leningrad Mint received an order to produce the first batch of medals "For the Defense of Leningrad". By that time, the most valuable equipment and most of the company's specialists had been evacuated. Workers and engineers toiled in the besieged city to produce awards. Already in April, the first thousand medals were awarded to the defenders of the city on the front lines. In total, the medal "For the Defense of Leningrad" was awarded to about 1 million 470 thousand people.
2. Medal "For the Defense of Odessa"
The medal "For the Defense of Odessa" was established on December 22, 1942, along with the medals for the defenders of Leningrad, Sevastopol and Stalingrad. All servicemen - participants in the defense of the city, as well as civilians who were directly involved in the defense of Odessa had the right to receive it. In total, the medal "For the Defense of Odessa" was awarded to about 30 thousand people. For heroic resistance, courage and steadfastness in the fight against enemies, Odessa received in 1945 the honorary name "Hero City".
3. Medal "For the Defense of Sevastopol"
All active participants in the defense of the city in 1941 - 1942, both military and civilians, received the right to this award. Currently, about 50,000 medals “For the Defense of Sevastopol” have been issued.
4. Medal "For the Defense of Stalingrad"
Along with the servicemen who fought against the Nazis in the Stalingrad area, civilians who took part in the defense of the city were also awarded. About 760 thousand of its defenders received the medal "For the Defense of Stalingrad".
5. Medal "For the Defense of Moscow"
Civilians who participated in the defense of the city during this period for a month also received a medal. In addition, awards were given to all Muscovites who took part in the construction of defensive fortifications around Moscow, in air defense, in maintaining public order and in other activities related to the defense of the city. In total, more than a million people were awarded the medal, including 20 thousand children.
6. Medal "For the Defense of Kiev"
All servicemen and civilians who took part in the defense of the city in July - September 1941, as well as members of the Kiev underground and partisans who fought against the Nazis near Kiev, received the right to this award. At present, about 105 thousand people have been awarded the medal "For the Defense of Kiev".
7. Medal "For the Defense of the Caucasus"
All military and civilians who participated in the defense of the Caucasus for at least three months in the period from July 1942 to October 1943 received the right to wear this medal. At present, about 870 thousand people have been awarded the medal "For the Defense of the Caucasus".
8. Medal "For the Defense of the Soviet Arctic"
The proposal was supported by the Front Military Council, headed by the commander, Colonel-General V.A.Frolov, the project was sent to Moscow. And despite the fact that several Moscow artists were also invited to make their designs for this medal, the drawing sent from the Arctic was ultimately approved by the Supreme Command. The artist A.I.Kuznetsov had only to modify minor details in the drawing. On December 5, 1944, the medal "For the Defense of the Soviet Arctic" was approved. It was awarded to all participants in the fight against the enemy in this region. The number of awarded medals exceeds 350 thousand.
9. Medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War"
The 1st degree medal was awarded for special services in organizing the partisan movement, for courage, heroism and outstanding successes in partisan struggle.
The medal of the II degree was awarded to rank-and-file partisans and commanders for their personal contribution to the common struggle against the Nazis, for active assistance in this struggle. The medal of the 1st degree "Partisan of the Patriotic War" was awarded to 56 thousand people, the second degree - about 71 thousand people.
10. Medal "For the Liberation of Belgrade"
On the reverse side, the date of the liberation of the Yugoslav capital is "October 20, 1944". This award is worn on a green moire ribbon with a wide black longitudinal stripe in the middle. The medal "For the Liberation of Belgrade" was established on June 9, 1945. On August 31 of the same year, the Secretariat of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR approved the Regulations on the procedure for handing it over to all direct participants in the heroic assault and liberation of the capital of Yugoslavia from the Nazis, as well as to the organizers and leaders of this operation. In total, about 70 thousand people received the award.
11. Medal "For the Liberation of Warsaw"
The medal had the right to receive all direct participants in the hostilities for the liberation of the Polish capital in the period from 14 to 17 January, as well as the organizers and leaders of this operation. More than 690 thousand people were awarded the medal "For the Liberation of Warsaw".
12. Medal "For the Liberation of Prague"
On the approved project of the medal of the artists A. I. Kuznetsov and Skorzhinskaya, in addition to the inscription "For the liberation of Prague", there is an image of the rising sun as a symbol of freedom that has come to the Czechoslovak capital. On the reverse side of the award is the date "May 9, 1945" - the day of the complete cleansing of Prague from the Nazis. More than 395 thousand people received the medal "For the Liberation of Prague".
13. Medal "For the capture of Budapest"
In accordance with the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of June 9, 1945, the medal was awarded to all direct participants in the assault and capture of the capital of Hungary, as well as to the commanders in charge of the Budapest operation. In total, more than 350 thousand people were awarded the medal "For the capture of Budapest".
14. Medal "For the capture of Konigsberg"
But on the final version of the medal according to the drawing by A. I. Kuznetsov, only the inscription “For the capture of Konigsberg” was left on the obverse and the date of the final fall of the fortress - “April 10, 1945” on the back. In total, more than 760 thousand participants in the hostilities in East Prussia were awarded the medal.
15. Medal "For the capture of Vienna"
In the end, only the inscription "For the capture of Vienna" was made on the medal and the date "April 13, 1945" was indicated on the back. The author of the drawing is the artist Zvorykina. More than 270 thousand people were awarded the medal.
16. Medal "For the capture of Berlin"
Established in 1945.
17. Medal "For Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945."
In total, 14 million 900 thousand people were awarded this medal.
18. Medal "For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945."
The medal was established by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated June 6, 1945. It could be received by all rear workers - workers, office workers, collective farmers, scientists and cultural workers, workers of Soviet, party, trade union and other public organizations who ensured the victory of the Soviet Union over Germany in the Great Patriotic War with their valiant and selfless labor. To be awarded a medal, it was necessary to work in the period from June 1941 to May 1945 for at least one year. In total, about 16 million 100 thousand people were awarded the medal.
19. Medal "For the victory over Japan"
In addition to the direct participants in the battles, this award was awarded to the servicemen of the central directorates of the Soviet Armed Forces, who took part in supporting the combat operations of our troops in the Far East. More than 1 million 800 thousand people were awarded with the medal "For Victory over Japan".
20. Medal "Gold Star" of the Hero of the Soviet Union
Medals of the USSR - a catalog of medals of the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union with photographs, descriptions, history of their establishment and awards, prices.
Leave only the medals of the Second World War
After the revolution of 1917, and the formation of a new state, it was decided to abandon the system of awards of tsarist Russia, so that all military medals of the USSR were created from scratch.
Since 1924, awards for special merits have been produced by the only award established in the country - the Order of the Red Banner of the Battle. By 1937, more than 32 thousand people received it, and this led to a devaluation of the award. In order to keep the value of the order at the appropriate level, it was decided to create junior awards - medals of the USSR.
Clause 9 of Article 121 of the Constitution of the USSR states that the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR: “establishes orders and medals; establishes honorary titles; awards orders and medals; confers honorary titles; " Thus, orders and medals established by individual republics, departments and divisions are not state awards of the USSR.
The first medal of the armed forces of the USSR in 1938 was the jubilee medal of the XX years of the Red Army, and ten months later the first military medals of the Soviet Union - "For Courage" and "For Military Merit" were instituted. Both of them became exclusively military, the first of them was awarded directly for courageous actions in battle, the second can be obtained in aggregate for a number of less significant actions, as well as for successes in military and political training. A month later, in December 1938, by analogy with them, the labor medals of the USSR were instituted - "For Labor Valor" and "For Labor Distinction", designed to encourage people who have accomplished labor exploits.
The last awards established in the pre-war period were the insignia of special distinction for citizens awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, this is the Gold Star medal for the military and the Hammer and Sickle medal for civilians.
Medals of the Great Patriotic War of the USSR
With the German attack on the USSR in June 1941, a period of heavy battles began, feats and other heroic deeds were committed en masse, and it became necessary to expand the reward system.
The initial period of the Great Patriotic War was characterized by a number of heroic defensive battles. To commemorate all the participants in those events, in December 1942, Soviet medals were instituted for the defense of Odessa, Sevastopol, Leningrad and Stalingrad. By that time, the first two cities after the heroic defense were abandoned by order of the headquarters, for the second two battles continued.
By February 1943, the enemy had been stopped, and the partisan movement in the occupied territories of the USSR, operating in the rear and undermining the communications and military depots of the enemy, acquired the greatest importance. In 1943, more than a million Soviet citizens took part in the partisan movement, and to celebrate their contribution to the victory, a medal for the Partisan of the Patriotic War was created.
By the summer of 1943, there were already 15 awards for military merit in the Soviet award system, which forced the rules for wearing them to be changed. Since the summer of 1943, all round-shaped awards were worn on the left side of the chest, in addition, the special insignia “Gold Star” and “Hammer and Sickle” were also worn on the left side of the chest, and instead of medals, it was allowed to wear award ribbons on rectangular strips.
After the victory in the Great Patriotic War, a number of new awards were instituted, they were Soviet medals for the liberation of European capitals: Belgrade, Prague, Warsaw. Also, the Second World War medals appeared for the capture of the support centers of Nazi Germany: Vienna, Konigsberg, Budapest, Berlin, besides them, special commemorative medals of the USSR were created: "For the victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945." and "For the victory over Japan".
After the end of the Second World War, the question arose of restoring the destroyed economic and industrial potential of the Soviet Union. Millions of people took part in large-scale construction projects, and commemorative signs were created for their participation in these events, such as medals for the restoration of ferrous metallurgy enterprises, Donbass mines, and the construction of the BAM.
In the future, the award system of the USSR was expanded by establishing Soviet medals in honor of the anniversaries of the country's largest cities, the 800th anniversary of Moscow, the 250th anniversary of Leningrad and the 1,500th anniversary of Kiev.
In 1979, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union decided to put things in order in the award system, and approved the "General Regulations on Orders, Medals and Honorary Titles of the USSR." According to this document, all the medals of the USSR were collected in eight groups:
- Medals - special insignia;
- Medals for rewarding for labor merit;
- Medals for rewarding for services in the defense of the socialist Fatherland and other military services;
- Medals for awarding merit in solving the most important national economic problems of the USSR;
- Medals for rewarding mothers for having many children and raising children;
- Medals for awarding merit in the performance of civil and official duties;
- Medals for awarding merit and distinction during the Great Patriotic War, in defense, the capture and liberation of cities and territories;
- Medals for awarding in connection with the most important anniversaries in the history of the Soviet people.
On our website, we have created a catalog of USSR medals with prices, their descriptions, photographs, the history of the institution and awards. The indicated cost of the USSR medals is approximate, and to a large extent the price may fluctuate depending on the condition, availability of documents and the fame of the recipient.
The award system of the Soviet Army is presented as of 1988. It differs from the previous ones only in that it includes awards that appeared after 1970 and slightly changed the arrangement of awards (horizontally instead of oblique). In general, it has changed little since the Great Patriotic War.
It should be noted:
1. In the USSR, awards included only those insignia that were established by the Supreme Soviet (Supreme Council) of the USSR and which are awarded by the Decree of the Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces or by orders of some ministries (Ministry of Defense, Ministry of Internal Affairs, KGB), on behalf of the USSR Armed Forces.
2. Awards are divided into orders and medals. The order is considered a higher award than a medal and the awarding of the order is carried out only by the Decree of the Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces on the basis of individual applications submitted to the person to be awarded (Award list, Presentation). Most of the medals are awarded by the Decree of the Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces or by the order of some ministries (Ministry of Defense, Ministry of Internal Affairs, KGB) on the basis of lists submitted to the USSR Armed Forces.
3. Many orders can be awarded not only to people, but also to organizations, cities, regions, republics.
Only people are awarded medals. The citizenship of the person being awarded does not matter.
4. The statute of each award defines feats or merits for which a person can be awarded one or another award, and many of the awards can be conditionally divided into military (combat) and civilian. The main criterion is the accomplishment of a heroic deed by a person or his merit. Although, in order to be eligible for some awards, it is necessary to be a military man, hold a certain position, have a certain rank, be in military service for a certain period.
5. If the award has several degrees, then some of them can only be awarded sequentially, starting with the lowest and no more than one award for each degree.
Awards with two or three degrees are not awarded sequentially, but depending on the position held.
This primarily concerns the orders of Suvorov, Bogdan Khmelnitsky, Kutuzov.
If the award does not have degrees, then the same award can be awarded several times. This mainly applies to orders. Most medals can only be awarded once.
6. Orders are of two types - worn on a shoe (1) and worn without a shoe (2). Medals, all have pads (3).
The shoe is a pentagonal metal plate covered with a fabric ribbon in the colors of the award. At the bottom of the shoe there is a hole through which a ring is threaded, to which the award is suspended. On the back side of the block has a pin for attaching the award to clothing. Individual medals may have a different last shape.
7. Instead of the awards themselves, you can wear the so-called "award bars".
When to wear the awards themselves, and when to wear trims and whether to wear them at all, it is up to the awarded person to wear civilian clothes, and wearing military uniforms is strictly regulated.
8. All awards are distributed according to their seniority. The seniority of the award is determined in its statute. The higher the deeds or merits of the person being awarded, the higher the reward he can be encouraged.
As of 1988, the seniority of the awards was as follows (the oldest is at the top of the list, the youngest is at the bottom. Only some of the images are shown.):
1. Order of Lenin;
2. Order of the October Revolution;
3. Order of the Red Banner;
4. Order of Suvorov I degree
5. Order of Ushakov I degree;
6. Order of Kutuzov I degree;
7. Order of Nakhimov I degree;
8. Order of Bohdan Khmelnitsky, I degree;
9. Order of Suvorov II degree;
10. Order of Ushakov II degree;
11. Order of Kutuzov II degree;
12. Order of Nakhimov II degree;
13. Order of Bogdan Khmelnitsky II degree;
14. Order of Suvorov III degree;
15. Order of Kutuzov III degree;
16. Order of Bogdan Khmelnitsky III degree
17. Order of Alexander Nevsky;
18. Order of the Patriotic War, I degree
19. Order of the Patriotic War, II degree;
20. Order of the Red Banner of Labor;
21. Order of Friendship of Peoples;
22. Order of the Red Star;
23. Order "For Service to the Motherland in the Armed Forces of the USSR" I degree;
24. Order "For Service to the Motherland in the Armed Forces of the 2SSR" II degree;
25. Order "For Service to the Motherland in the Armed Forces of the 2SSR" III degree;
26. Order of Honor;
27. Order "For Personal Courage";
28. Order of Glory I degree;
29. Order of Glory II degree;
30. Order of Glory III degree;
31. Order of Labor Glory I degree
32. Order of Labor Glory II degree;
33. Order of Labor Glory III degree;
34. Medal "For Courage";
35. Ushakov's Medal;
36. Medal "For Military Merit";
37. Nakhimov Medal;
38. Medal "For Labor Valor";
39. Medal "For Labor Distinction";
40. Medal "For Valiant Labor (For Military Valor). In commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the birth of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin";
41. Medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War" I degree;
42. Medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War" II degree;
43. Medal "For distinction in guarding the state border of the USSR";
44. Medal "For Distinction in Military Service" I degree;
45. Medal "For Distinction in Military Service" II degree;
46. Medal "For excellent service in maintaining public order";
47. Medal "For Courage in a Fire";
48. Medal "For the rescue of drowning people";
49. Medal "For the Defense of Leningrad";
50. Medal "For the Defense of Moscow";
51. Medal "For the Defense of Odessa";
52. Medal "For the Defense of Sevastopol";
53. Medal "For the Defense of Stalingrad";
54. Medal "For the Defense of Kiev";
55. Medal "For the Defense of the Caucasus";
56. Medal "For the Defense of the Soviet Arctic";
57. Medal "For the victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945";
58. Medal "Twenty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945";
59. Medal "Thirty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945";
60. Medal "Forty years of victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945"; 61. medal "For the victory over Japan";
62. Medal "For the capture of Budapest";
63. Medal "For the capture of Konigsberg";
64. Medal "For the capture of Vienna"
65. Medal "For the capture of Berlin";
66. Medal "For the Liberation of Belgrade";
67. Medal "For the Liberation of Warsaw";
68. Medal "For the Liberation of Prague";
69. Medal "For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945";
70. Medal "Veteran of Labor";
71. Medal "Veteran of the Armed Forces of the USSR";
72. Medal "For Strengthening the Combat Commonwealth";
73. Medal "For the restoration of ferrous metallurgy enterprises in the South";
74. Medal "For the restoration of Donbass coal mines";
75. Medal "For the development of virgin lands";
76. Medal "For the construction of the Baikal-Amur Mainline";
77. Medal "For the transformation of the Non-Black Earth Region of the RSFSR";
78. Medal “For the exploration of mineral resources and the development of the oil and gas complex of Western Siberia”;
79. Medal "XX Years of the Red Army";
80. Medal "30 years of the Soviet Army and";
81. Medal "40 years of the Armed Forces of the USSR";
82. Medal "50 years of the Armed Forces of the USSR";
83. Medal "60 years of the Armed Forces of the USSR";
84. Medal "70 years of the Armed Forces of the USSR";
85. Medal "50 years of the Soviet police";
86. Medal "In Commemoration of the 800th Anniversary of Moscow";
87. Medal "In Commemoration of the 250th Anniversary of Leningrad";
88. Medal "In Commemoration of the 1500th Anniversary of Kiev";
89. Medal "For Impeccable Service" I degree;
90. Medal "For Impeccable Service" II degree;
91. Medal "For impeccable service" III degree.
The issues of wearing awards, the order of their placement on military clothing were strictly regulated by section V of the Rules for wearing military uniforms by servicemen of the Soviet Army and the Navy, approved by order of the USSR Ministry of Defense No. 250 of March 4, 1988. This section is called "Wearing orders, medals of the USSR, order ribbons and ribbons of medals on planks and other insignia on military uniforms."
The figure shows the placement of awards worn on the pads on a double-breasted uniform (1) (generals and naval officers), on a single-breasted officer's uniform (2), on a soldier's uniform (3) and a sailor's uniform (4). Non-reward insignia are shown in gray.
Foreign awards are worn below Soviet ones, which is clearly visible on the double-breasted uniform (1). On the left side of the chest, those foreign awards are worn that have something like pads or are hung on ribbons. There are no restrictions on wearing foreign awards. They can be worn even if the serviceman does not have a single Soviet award, or they do not meet Soviet standards. No permits are required to wear foreign awards.
The illustration shows the placement of the awards on the right side of the chest. Breastplates, in addition to those listed above, are worn below the orders, and if a soldier does not have such orders, then the breastplates are worn in place of the orders. Foreign awards that do not have pads or ribbons are also worn on the right side of the chest below Soviet orders, but above the badges.
The figure shows the placement of slats on a double-breasted tunic (generals and naval officers) (1), on an officer's tunic (2), on a closed naval tunic (3), on a sailor's uniform (4) and on a closed everyday soldier's tunic (5).
The Soviet reward system was not without its drawbacks:
Needed to be worn all awards, which sometimes turned the order bearer into a real "iconostasis";
- the establishment of medals, which were unknown to whom and for what to award (800 years of Moscow, 250 years of Leningrad, 1500 years of Kiev, 100 years from the birth of Lenin);
- Khrushchev's replacement of awarding servicemen for length of service with orders for medals "For Impeccable Service", in which the country's top leadership expressed its disdain for hard and dangerous military labor.
The modern award system in Russia is a wild, illiterate mixture of redesigned awards from Tsarist Russia with the Soviet award system. In the 21st century, the Old Testament order ribbons over the shoulder, orders on chains and on the neck look absolutely ridiculous in the 21st century. The hasty replacement of the red ribbon with the tricolor star of the Hero, the hastily changed medal "For Courage" and the Order of Friendship cause confusion. The reward system of the new Russia turned out to be neither a successor of the old Russian reward traditions, nor a worthy successor of Soviet traditions.
Note:
The award system of the most "democratic, freest" country in the world, the United States, is tougher to foreign awards.
The AR 670-1 Army Guide has categorically determined which countries and which awards an American soldier is entitled to wear, and, moreover, if he does not have American awards, then he has no right to wear a single foreign award... Of course Soviet Union in this very small list of countries not specified.
And General Eisenhower put on the Soviet Order of Victory also had no right.
And American pilots who ferried aircraft to the USSR, American sailors of polar convoys also cannot wear Soviet awards, even on civilian clothes.
Military awards of the Soviet Union (Russia, studio "Wings of Russia", 2 episodes) 2011
Director: Konstantin POLYAKOV
The film tells about all the awards of the Soviet Union, and also reveals previously unknown pages related to orders and medals.
You will learn how the Soviet system of awards operated, how ordinary citizens and leaders of the country treated orders and medals.
The offscreen text is read by Alexander Klyukvin.
The decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of September 16, 1918 established the first Soviet order - the Order of the Red Banner of the RSFSR. The decree said: "This distinction is awarded to all citizens of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic who have shown particular courage and courage in direct combat activities."
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Spotted Osh S bku Highlight text and press Ctrl + Enter
The USSR Order of the Patriotic War was awarded to servicemen and partisans who showed courage, fortitude and courage in battles, as well as servicemen who, by their own actions, contributed to the success of the combat operations of the Soviet troops.
The highest degree of the order is I degree.
Order of the Patriotic War, 1st class
The badge of the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree, was made of 583 gold and silver. It is an image of a five-pointed star, covered with ruby-red enamel against a background of golden rays, diverging in the form of a five-pointed star, the rays of which are located between the ends of the red star. In the middle of the red star is a golden image of a hammer and sickle on a ruby-red round base, bordered with a white enamel belt, with the inscription "PATRIOTIC WAR" and with a gold star at the bottom of the belt. The red star and white belt have gold rims. The applied hammer and sickle in the center of the order are made of gold. Against the background of the rays of the golden star, the ends of a rifle and checkers are depicted, crossed behind a red star.
The Order of the Patriotic War is the first award that appeared during the Great Patriotic War. In addition, this is the first order of the USSR to have a division into degrees. For 35 years, the Order of the Patriotic War remained the only Soviet order passed on to the family as a memory after the death of the recipient (other orders had to be returned to the state). Only in 1977, the order of leaving the family was extended to others and the USSR.
On April 10, 1942, Stalin instructed the chief of the rear of the Red Army, General Khrulev, to create and submit a draft order for rewarding servicemen who distinguished themselves in battles with the Nazis. Initially, the order was planned to be called “For Military Valor”. The artists S.I. Dmitriev (author of drawings of medals "For Courage", "For Military Merit" and XX-years of the Red Army) and A.I. Kuznetsov. Just two days later, the first sketches appeared, from which several works were selected for the production of test copies in metal. On April 18, 1942, the samples were submitted for approval. It was decided to take the project of A.I. Kuznetsov, and the idea of the inscription "Patriotic War" on the sign was taken from the project of S.I. Dmitrieva.
For the first time in the history of the Soviet award system, the statute of the order listed specific feats for which the distinguished person had the opportunity to be presented for the award.
Projects of the Order of the Patriotic War (original title "For Military Valor").
The first holders of this order of the USSR were Soviet artillerymen. By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of June 2, 1942, the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree were awarded to Captain I.I.Krikliy, junior political instructor I.K. Statsenko. and senior sergeant Smirnov A.V. In May 1942, the division under the command of Captain I.I. in two days of fighting, he destroyed 32 enemy tanks in the Kharkov region. When all the other numbers of the crew were killed, senior sergeant Smirnov A.V. continued to fire from the cannon. Even after a shell fragment tore off his hand, Smirnov continued to shoot at the enemy with one hand. In total, he destroyed 6 Nazi tanks in battle. Division commissar junior political instructor Statsenko I.K. not only led his subordinates, but also, inspiring them by his own example, he himself destroyed several German armored vehicles. The unit commander, Captain Krikliy, knocked out 5 German tanks, but was wounded in the battle and died in the hospital. The award to the family of the first cavalier of Captain Krikliy got only in 1971. The Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree, awarded to his widow Alexandra Fedorovna on June 12, 1971, was number 312368.
Hero of the Soviet Union I.E. Fedorov (1914-2011). Commander of five Orders of the Patriotic War.
The Order of the Patriotic War I degree No. 1 was awarded posthumously to senior political instructor VP Konyukhov, who died on August 25, 1942 from a direct hit from an enemy shell. The order book and the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree under No. 1 were handed over to the hero's family.
The Order of the Patriotic War II degree No. 1 was posthumously awarded to the scout senior lieutenant PA Razhkin, who many times directly supervised operations, sometimes conducting reconnaissance in battle on tanks. The award was passed on to the family.
On July 24, 1942, the Order of the Patriotic War I degree was first received by a civilian, it was the chairman of the Sevastopol City Council, L.P. Efremov. He was awarded by the Decree of the PVS of the USSR on July 24, 1942.
The feat of the pilot Gastello is well known, he sent a downed plane into a cluster of enemy armored vehicles. The commander of the bomber crew of the 207th Aviation Regiment of the 42nd Bomber Aviation Division, Captain Gastello N.F. for this feat he was posthumously awarded the title of GSS. The Order of the Patriotic War I degree was posthumously awarded to the crew members who, together with their commander, carried out the famous fire ram: Lieutenants A.A. Burdenyuk, G.N. Skorobogaty. and senior sergeant Kalinin A.A.
Hero of the Soviet Union, Chief Petty Officer Mikhailova (Demina) Ekaterina Illarionovna, the only woman who served in the Marine Corps reconnaissance. She was awarded the Order of Lenin, two Orders of the Red Banner, Orders of the Patriotic War I and II degrees, medals, incl. medal "For Courage". On August 22, 1944, when crossing the Dniester estuary as part of the landing, she was one of the first to reach the coast, provided first aid to seventeen seriously wounded sailors, suppressed the fire of a large-caliber machine gun, threw grenades at a bunker and destroyed over 10 Nazis.
At the end of June 1941, during the battles for Rovno, the KV tank # 736 fell into the ring of enemies. The tankers managed to destroy a German self-propelled gun, several guns and trucks, a large number of enemy manpower. After the Germans knocked out the tank and it stopped, the surviving tankers Golikov and Abramov continued to repel the attacks of the Nazis until the last shell. Gunner A.A. Golikov and P. Abramov were posthumously awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree.
Many Soviet soldiers and officers were awarded the Order of the Patriotic War twice. Some became holders of three or even four Orders of the Patriotic War. So, the tank driver sergeant Yanenko N.A. was awarded four orders (2 orders of the I degree and 2 orders of the II degree). Among the holders of 3 orders of the 1st degree are the assistant to the commander of the Turkestan Military District, Major General of Tank Forces A.N. Zhilin, Heroes of the Soviet Union, Colonel T.S.Goryachkin. and Major Bespalov I.A.
The largest known number of awards to one person with this honorary order for heroic deeds during the war years and post-war distinctions (taking into account both degrees) is 5 times. Fedorov Ivan Evgrafovich became the holder of four Orders of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree and one order of the Patriotic War of the 2nd degree. Hero of the Soviet Union Fedorov (the rank of GSS awarded in 1948) graduated from the war with the rank of colonel and as commander of the 273rd Gomel Fighter Aviation Division (Leningrad Front). After the war, he was for some time a test pilot of the Lavochkin Design Bureau. Three Orders of the Patriotic War of the first degree and the Order of the Patriotic War of the second degree Fedorov received during the war years and shortly after its completion, and in 1985 Fedorov was awarded the fifth Order of the Patriotic War (anniversary version of the 1st degree). In addition to the Gold Star medal and five Orders of the Patriotic War, the Hero's chest was decorated with the Order of Lenin, four Orders of the Red Banner, the Order of Alexander Nevsky, the Order of the Red Star and many medals.
Yuri Vladimirovich Nikulin (1921-1997) joined the army from school. In the rank of private he went through two wars: the Finnish and the Great Patriotic War, having fought from 1939 to 1946. He was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st class, medals For Courage and For the Defense of Leningrad.
Among those awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, several hundred residents of other countries - soldiers of the troops of the Polish, Czechoslovak corps, the French Normandie-Niemen aviation regiment and other formations and units who fought shoulder to shoulder with the Red Army against the Nazis. So, for example, for outstanding military activity, which contributed to the great success of the Anglo-American troops in North Africa and Italy, and for the courage and courage shown at the same time, the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree was awarded to a group of servicemen of the United States Army - Brigadier General Curtis I. Hamey, Colonel Armen Peterson and Sergeant John D. Kofi. Colonel Joseph J. Preston, Colonel Russell A. Wilson, Senior Lieutenant David M. Williams, Technician Sergeant Edward J. Learne, Corporal James D. Slayton, and Private 1st Class Ramon G. Gutierrez.
Royal Navy Lieutenants John Patrick Donovan, Francis Henry Foster, Charles Arthur Langton and Sub-Lieutenant Charles Robin Arthur Sr. were awarded the First Class Order of the British military. Second degrees were awarded to Lieutenant Earl William Brienne, diesel fireman Clements Irwin, helmsman Arthur Kerslake, Sydney, and Stanley senior signalman Edwin Archer.
Anatoly Dmitrievich Papanov (1922-1987). At the front from the first days of the war. Was a senior sergeant, commanded an anti-aircraft artillery platoon. Chevalier of the Order of the Patriotic War, I and II degrees.
The order was also awarded to home front workers. It had, for example, the outstanding aircraft designer Tupolev A.N., the designers of small arms Tokarev F.V., Sudaev A.I., Simonov S.G., the director of the artillery plant in Gorky A.F. Yelyan, who managed to organize the production and transfer of more than 100 thousand guns to the front.
The Order of the Patriotic War I degree was awarded to 7 military units and 79 enterprises and institutions, such as 3 printed publications: "Komsomolskaya Pravda" (1945), "Youth of Ukraine" and the Belarusian "Zvyazda" (1945). In 1945, the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree was awarded to industrial enterprises that made a significant contribution to the defeat of the enemy. The Ural Heavy Machine-Building Plant named after V.I. S. Ordzhonikidze, Gorky Automobile Plant, Gorky Shipyard "Krasnoe Sormovo" named after Zhdanov, Volgograd Tractor Plant named after Dzerzhinsky and others.
Collective farmers were also awarded this order for saving the harvest in the dry 1946.
On October 15, 1947, the presentation and awarding of civilians with the Order of the Patriotic War was discontinued, and from that moment on, military personnel were awarded very rarely.
During the "Khrushchev Thaw" this order was remembered again. They began to reward residents of other countries who provided assistance to the soldiers of the Red Army in their escape from captivity, and then Soviet soldiers, underground fighters and partisans, almost all of whom were considered "traitors to the Motherland" under Stalin.
Vladimir Pavlovich Basov (1923-1987). Captain, Deputy Chief of the Operations Department of the 28th Separate Artillery Breakthrough Division of the High Command Reserve. Chevalier of the Orders of the Red Star and the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree.
In the late 1960s, Kazimiera Tsymbal, a Polish citizen, was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War. For 156 days, she hid in her own cellar the crew of the tank of the 55th Guards Tank Brigade that was knocked out on the Sandomierz bridgehead. The Nazis, finding a damaged tank, demanded that the inhabitants of the village of Volya-Gruetskaya hand over the tankers. When they flatly refused, all the men in the village were sent to a concentration camp. Among those killed in the concentration camp was Kazimiera's husband, Franciszek Tsymbal. He was also awarded the Order of the Patriotic War (posthumously). Only on January 12, 1945, the regular units of the Red Army took possession of the village of Volya-Gruetskaya and freed the tankers.
After Brezhnev came to power, L.I. and the resumption of Victory Day as a national holiday (under Khrushchev it was not considered that), a new stage in the history of the order began: it began to be awarded to cities whose inhabitants took part in the defensive battles of 1941-1943. The first among them, in 1966, were awarded to Novorossiysk and Smolensk, later ranked among the Hero Cities. In 1966, the Slovak village of Sklabinya was awarded the 1st degree of the order, which was razed to the ground by the Nazis in 1944 for helping Soviet paratroopers. The awarding of cities with the Order of the Patriotic War continued in the 70s, but a particularly large number of them were awarded in 80-82. Voronezh (1975), Naro-Fominsk (1976), Oryol, Belgorod, Mogilev, Kursk (1980), Yelnya, Tuapse (1981), Murmansk, Rostov-on-Don, Feodosia (1982) and other.
In 1975, the Soviet Committee of War Veterans was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, I degree.
Mikhail Ivanovich Pugovkin is a Chevalier of the Order of the Patriotic War, II degree. He served in a rifle regiment as a scout. In August 1942, near Voroshilovgrad (Lugansk), he was wounded in the leg, gangrene began, and Mikhail was being prepared for amputation. He asked the chief surgeon of the field hospital: "Doctor, I can't live without a leg, I'm an artist!" The surgeon did his best.
In 1985, on the eve of the celebration of the 40th anniversary of Victory, a decree of March 11, 1985 appeared, according to which all active participants (the third type of the order's badge), including partisans and underground fighters, were to be awarded the Order of the Patriotic War. With all this, all marshals, generals, admirals, holders of any orders and medals "For Courage", Ushakov, "For Military Merit", Nakhimov, "Partisan of the Patriotic War" received during the war, as well as invalids of the Patriotic War were awarded the Order of the 1st degree ... Front-line soldiers who did not fall into these categories were awarded the order of the II degree. Naturally, it was impossible to equate the Order of the Patriotic War, received during the war, with the jubilee version of this award. The design of the jubilee orders was simplified as much as possible (one-piece stamped), all gold components were replaced with silver ones with gilding.
In total, during the Second World War, the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree was awarded 324,903 awards, the Order of the Patriotic War of the 2nd degree - 951,652 awards.
The jubilee version of the 1st degree order was awarded about 2 million 54 thousand awards, the II degree - about 5 million 408 thousand awards.
The total number of awards with the Order of the Patriotic War (both in combat and in the jubilee version) as of January 1, 1992 was 2,487,098 for the 1st degree, and 6,688,497 for the 2nd degree.
The North Pole was stormed by all the USSR Awards and revenues
Military awards of the Great Patriotic War (photo)
Literary and historical notes of a young technician Where is bam