Pellet pyrolysis rocket furnace working drawings. Do-it-yourself rocket furnace drawings and manufacturing process: we do it according to the instructions, video. Outdoor and Camping Models

Not so long ago, very compact portable Robinson ovens appeared on the market, designed for cooking in field conditions: hunting, fishing, in the country. No matter how much it costs, making it yourself is much cheaper: it will take several pieces of square pipe, a small piece of sheet steel for the blower door, rods for making legs and a grate. Everything is so simple that with a little experience in welding, it can be welded in a couple of hours. In the article, we will publish the available drawings, show several options for finished furnaces indicating the dimensions and materials used, post a video lesson on the principles of their construction. Based on these materials, you can make a Robinson oven with your own hands.

Rocket furnaces are attractive for their simplicity of design and economy. But, behind the seeming simplicity, there is an accurate calculation. It is very undesirable to deviate in size: everything will stop working altogether or fuel combustion will be extremely inefficient.

General principles

The Robinson Portable Handheld Stove was made on the basis of a rocket heating stove. The same principle is applied: firewood burns in the bunker-fuel compartment, the fire, due to the air flow, enters the combustion zone - a horizontal section of the pipe and partially rises up the chimney. First, while the stove is not warmed up, all the energy is spent on heating the chimney. Then, when it warms up, gases from high temperatures ignite again, secondary combustion of gases occurs. The modernized ones are arranged according to the same principle.

In the Robinson oven, everything is a little simpler: we do not need to heat the room. Its main task is to warm up water and cook food. But the principles remain the same: the fire must heat up the chimney, and its length must be enough to burn the gases. Therefore, for normal performance, adhere to the following proportions:

The length of the chimney must be at least 2 lengths of the horizontal (inclined) section.
The height of the fuel compartment is approximately equal to the length of the horizontal section. Therefore, in the Robinson stove, the firebox is made at an angle of 45 °, although the fuel compartment can be located at an angle of 90 °, but it is not very convenient to lay the fuel this way.
The section of the chimney should not be less than the size of the firebox.

Robinson furnace device: drawings and dimensions

Originally "Robinson" was welded from a profile pipe 150 * 100 mm. Homemade similar stoves are made from a pipe of a similar diameter. Sometimes the fuel compartment is placed from a piece of a profile pipe, and the chimney is made from a round one. In this case, it is important that the cross-section of the chimneys is not less than that of the firebox, otherwise back draft may occur.

Below we will lay out the drawings of the Robinson rocket furnace, indicating the most common dimensions: a profile pipe 150 * 150 mm, a firebox 30 cm long, a chimney of at least 60 cm.In general, with this size of a firebox, it can be up to 90 cm, but bearing in mind that it is all the same it is a marching option, we indicate the minimum possible length.

Robinson rocket furnace drawing for DIY making drawings

The legs are made of a threaded rod, they are installed in place and tightened with nuts. This option is the most compact, but unscrewing / screwing the legs to the smoked iron is not the best thing to do. Alternative support options: steel plate welded to the bottom or stationary legs. They do not need to be screwed on, but they take up more space in the trunk.

In the case of the original Robinson stove, there is no combustion air duct and no cover to adjust the combustion. In homemade ones, there is an improvement: a plate is welded in the lower part of the fuel compartment, ending with a grate. The fuel is stacked on this plate. The slot at the bottom allows oxygen to be injected directly into the combustion zone. To regulate the intensity of combustion, a flap cover is welded to the fuel compartment. In size, it is slightly wider than the fuel compartment (in the drawing 156.4 mm with a firebox width of 140 mm). It should not completely cover it - otherwise the fire will go out. They make it smaller in size than the firebox or build in a gate damper.

Do-it-yourself Robinson stove: two photos and three video options

Craftsmen make small camping rocket stoves from different pieces of metal. In the photo below you can see what happened - a finished Robinson oven, made by a craftsman from Penza with their own hands. Three small sections of a profile pipe 160 * 160 mm were used, from which the combustion compartment was welded. Its total length is 40 cm. A single piece of pipe 120 * 120 mm 60 cm long was used for the chimney. In the firebox, the ash pan is welded from 8 mm sheet metal and 12 mm steel bar. Instead of legs, a metal plate is welded: thickness 8 mm, dimensions 180 * 350 mm.

This is a ready-made Robinson oven and what the master cooked it from with his own hands (To increase the size of the picture, click on it with the left mouse button)

According to the author: a melted stove burns well, does not smoke and does not be capricious. Just before loading with "serious" fuel: branches and wood chips, it must be heated with paper, hay, dry grass or very thin branches. When the pipe warms up, you can lay thicker firewood.

Difficulties with kindling a cold stove are generally characteristic of rocket furnaces. In this case, we also have a narrowed chimney, which makes kindling more problematic.

The second version of a home-made rocket-type camping stove is made of two shaped pipes: 160 * 160 mm, 30 cm long for the firebox and 120 * 120 mm, 60 cm long for the chimney (it is better to take at least a smaller section - the draft will be better). For the ash pan, door and stand, 5 mm steel is used. The ash pan is cut in half the length of the furnace, 12 mm diameter reinforcing rods are added to the plate. The lid does not reach the ash pan plate by about 2 cm; instead of the handle, a large diameter nut is used. Base plate with dimensions 20 * 30 cm.

Do-it-yourself materials and process of making a Robinson furnace (To enlarge the picture, click on it with the left mouse button)

To make the dishes convenient to place and so that the smoke has somewhere to go, balls from the CV joint are welded at the corners of the pipe. This option turned out to be more convenient than the one proposed in the original (three rings welded together) - you can put dishes with a round bottom on such a stove - a cauldron, for example. These utensils are most commonly found in hunters and anglers, rather than flat-bottomed pots. The kettle is also getting great: three liters of water in it boils in 20 minutes. The heat is enough for both frying meat and other cooking tasks.

Portable stove Robinson: tests in the garage and on a three-day hunt (To enlarge the image, click on it with the left mouse button)

This is a video-plot about two rocket ovens: the familiar home-made Robinson and a mini-oven made of cans of different diameters. This mini-stove works on the same principle, but the dimensions are more than compact.

And this video story is for those who want to make a heating and cooking rocket stove. It is also made like a Robinson oven, but with a heat-insulated casing.

Drawings and videos of the rocket furnace required for DIY installation

Do-it-yourself reactive furnace: diagram, drawings, step-by-step instructions for making a rocket furnace, etc. + video

The rocket or jet oven appeared as a result of a deviation from the tradition of manufacturing equipment for heating a room. It is considered an economical heat generator, the design of which is elementary. Therefore, many are thinking about building a jet furnace with their own hands.

Description, advantages and disadvantages of the rocket furnace

A heat generator for heating air in a room is called a rocket oven or a jet oven, since during operation, in the event of an excessive intake of air, it emits special sounds. This noise can be mistaken for the roar of a jet engine. In normal mode, the equipment operates with a barely audible rustling sound.

The rocket stove serves as a device for home heating and cooking. It takes about 6 hours to burn one batch of firewood in such equipment, more than in a standard metal stove. The reason for this is the creation of a heat generator based on an overhead combustion furnace.

The flame from the jet furnace may burst

The advantages of the rocket furnace include:

independence from fuel energy;
simplicity of design, consisting of available parts, connected in a matter of minutes;
the ability to provide a lot of heat, despite the quality of the loaded fuel.

The jet furnace also has some disadvantages:

manual control, which implies constant monitoring of equipment operation;
danger of getting burned, because the walls of the equipment become extremely hot;
inexpediency of using in a bath, since it will not be possible to warm it up.

Views

The unit, which emits a rocket hum during operation, happens:

portable (an assembly of metal pipes, buckets or a gas cylinder); Portable rocket furnaces are mass-produced by industry
stationary (created from fireclay bricks and metal containers); Such an assembly is more difficult to build than a metal furnace
equipment for heating the air with a bench. The bed is equipped behind the rear wall of the oven

Portable structures are made in large batches, because they are used for hiking. The basis of these heat generators is a pipe made up of several sections.

True, such structures, in contrast to units based on fireclay bricks, are not reliable. The walls of the refractory blocks increase the heat transfer from the reactive furnace.

If desired, you can add a couch or bed decorated with clay or sawdust to it.

Details and operation of a reactive heat generator

An elementary rocket furnace is a device of two pipe fragments connected by a 90-degree bend.

The combustion chamber in this heat generator is usually a zone in the horizontal part of the structure.

But sometimes the fuel is put into the vertical section of the apparatus, for which the rocket furnace is built from two pipes of different lengths, mounted vertically and connected by a common horizontal channel.

Primary and secondary air flows through the furnace

The operation of a jet furnace is based on two actions: the unimpeded passage of wood gases through the pipe and the afterburning of gases generated during the combustion of fuel.

Chips and firewood are placed in the firebox of this heat generator after a highly flammable material like paper has ignited there. A container with water or other contents is placed on the open section of the pipe.

At the same time, a small space is left between the structure and the installed container, which is necessary to create traction.

The processes taking place inside a stationary jet furnace resemble the work of pyrolysis heating units.

Calculation of parameters (tables)

The volume of the stove should be determined with knowledge of the matter, because it is he who affects the power and the amount of heat generated by the heating equipment.

When calculating the dimensions of jet heating equipment, use the indicator of the inner diameter of the drum D, the value of which can fluctuate within 300-600 mm. You also need to know the cross-sectional area of the drum.

To determine this indicator of the rocket furnace, use the formula: S = 3.14 * D2 / 4.

The main dimensions of the jet furnace are shown in the table:

Particular importance is attached to the length of the flue with the stove bench. The maximum permissible indicators are shown in the table:

The volume of the secondary ash chamber is also an important indicator, depending on the volume of the drum and the primary chimney.

Construction raw materials for the construction of a custom kiln

The production of jet heating equipment will require:

barrels with a volume of 200 liters and a diameter of 0.6 meters, an empty bottle of liquefied gas or tin buckets to build a furnace drum;
square or round pipes made of steel with a thickness of 2-3 mm, which are needed to create a blower, combustion chamber and primary chimney;
fireclay crushed stone and kiln clay as heat-insulating materials;
adobe, which serves as an outer coating layer;
fireclay bricks;
sand from the bottom of the river;
cuts of zinc-coated steel or aluminum sheets for the manufacture of lids and doors;
asbestos or basalt cardboard, performing the tasks of a compactor.

Of the tools for the construction of a rocket furnace, you will need a welding machine. And if you plan to make heating equipment out of bricks, then you will have to take:

Master OK;
mortar blade;
hammer-pick;
jointing;
acute-angled sledgehammer;
level;
plumb line;
roulette.

Preparation for the assembly of heating equipment

When choosing a place for a rocket stove, they are guided by some rules:

reactive heating equipment is placed only in a room with an area of at least 16 m²;
installation of equipment will be easier without floorboards under the oven;
it is forbidden to place wood beams over a structure that gives heat;
if it is assumed that the chimney will go through the ceiling, then the heating equipment is placed in the middle of the house;
the heat generator cannot be installed near the outer contour of the house, otherwise the room will lose heated air;
it is forbidden to place the jet device near the walls and partitions of their wooden materials.

To make it convenient to put fuel into the jet heating equipment, it is more reasonable to put it with its front side opposite the entrance. It is important to leave at least a meter of unoccupied area around the rocket furnace.

In a small house, builders are advised to set aside a place for the stove in the corner. In this case, the firebox should be directed in one direction, and the stove bench (if made) - in the other.

The oven stands on a special platform that protects the floor from high temperatures.

Having found a suitable site for a rocket furnace, they begin to prepare it for construction work. If boards are laid on the floor in the house, then in the place where the equipment will be installed, they will need to be removed. Under the opened floor, they dig a hole, the bottom of which is necessarily pressed.

A special solution should be mixed before construction work. It consists of sand and clay, combined in a 1: 1 ratio. So much water will be required for the construction raw materials to acquire the consistency of sour cream, that is, ¼ part of the amount of dry ingredients.

Step-by-step instructions for making your own hands

If it is planned to make a rocket furnace from a gas cylinder, then you can not be afraid of difficulties. The steps to create equipment from such construction materials are quite simple:

from a cylinder with a volume of 50 liters, the upper part is cut off in order to build a kind of cap;
The balloon is cut from the top and bottom
focusing on the instructions in the drawing, all parts of the product are welded to each other, that is, a gas cylinder, a pipe with a diameter of 10 cm (future chimney), a pipe with a diameter of 7 cm (internal channel) and another pipe with a diameter of 15 cm (firebox);
Dimensions are in mm
the space between the two pipes is filled with a material that retains heat, for example, sand, which has been thoroughly calcined, that is, cleaned of organic matter;
to give the structure stability, the legs are welded.

To build a rocket stove with a stove bench, which implies the use of bricks, you need to act differently:

The zone for arranging the firebox is deepened by removing 10 cm of soil. The combustion chamber is formed from fireclay bricks. Formwork is created along the contour of the structure being manufactured. To make the base strong, it is recommended to lay reinforcing mesh or metal rods in it;
The platform will harden in about two days
The structure is poured with liquid concrete. Then they wait for the solution to solidify and finish the work. The bricks are laid in a solid line, creating a platform for the oven. After that, the walls of the structure are formed, exposing several rows of brick blocks;
The lower channel of the structure is equipped, while one line of bricks is laid across to block the combustion chamber. The blocks are placed, leaving the vertical channel and the opening of the firebox open;
The two sectors of the furnace at this stage of construction must be open
They find a body from an old boiler and cut off the top and bottom covers on it. At the bottom of the resulting pipe, a flange is installed through which a horizontal heat exchanger will pass. Parts are required to be connected to each other with a continuous weld;
Work requires accuracy
An outlet pipe is inserted into the barrel, after which they take a brush for metal and scrape off rust from the walls of the container. The cleaned barrel is treated with a primer, and a little later - with a paint that is resistant to high temperatures;
The horizontal chimney is welded to a side outlet - the future ash pan. To facilitate its cleaning, a sealed flange is mounted;
The fire tube is laid out from refractory bricks. At the same time, a channel with a height and width of 18 cm is formed inside the structure. In doing this, they constantly use the building level, which allows you to control the verticality of the product;
The height of the pipe is determined in advance
The flame tube is covered with a protective casing, and the resulting gaps are sealed with perlite. The lower area of the vertical channel is sealed with wet clay, the function of which is to prevent the insulation material from spilling onto the floor;
A fuel tank is formed from the boiler, on which the top and bottom have been cut. A handle must be welded to it;
To improve the look, the structure is treated with adobe putty, consisting of sawdust and raw clay. The first component of the composition serves in the same way as crushed stone in concrete, that is, it prevents cracking of the furnace walls. It is recommended to apply adobe putty over the perlite backfill;
They create the facade of the stove, for which the stove contour is laid out of stone, bricks, adobe and sand. The seamy side of the structure is filled with crushed stone, and the front side is filled with adobe mixture, which makes the surface perfectly flat;
A casing made of a metal barrel is placed on the previously created base. The lower branch pipe of the container is directed towards the bed. The bottom of the structure is treated with raw clay, which will ensure its tightness;
A channel from a corrugated pipe is brought to the combustion chamber. It will serve as a link between the firebox and the outside atmosphere;
At this stage, the oven looks almost finished.
Carry out a test kindling of the furnace, watching how the gases are removed from the horizontal chimney. After that, the pipes of the heat exchanger are connected to the lower branch pipe installed on a red brick platform;
The stove is supplemented with a smoke exhaust pipe. The junction of the chimney and the heat generator is sealed with a refractory coating and an asbestos cord;
Using clay and adobe, the couch is given the desired shape. Only the horizontal section of the structure is left unsealed, which will then be used during cooking.
The oven functions as a whole system

Improvement of the design

A couch with a gas flue inside is not the only option for modernizing the rocket furnace. The design can be improved by a water jacket connected to a heating system in which water is circulated. It is desirable to give this part of the structure the appearance of a coil created from a copper pipe twisting on a chimney.

This design gives even more warmth.

Another way to improve the reactive furnace is associated with the organization of the flow of heated secondary air into the fire tube. This will increase the efficiency of the heat generator, but will lead to the deposition of a large amount of soot in the primary chimney. Therefore, it is best to make sure that the drum cover can be removed if necessary.

Subtleties of operation of an unconventional furnace

The rocket furnace is heated by analogy with the upper combustion heat generator. It turns out that the kindling of equipment called a rocket should be carried out according to certain rules:

the main raw material for the furnace of the unit should be laid only after a good heating of the structure, for which, first, sawdust or paper is placed in the blowing sector and set on fire;
they must react to muffling the hum emanating from the furnace - they put a large batch of fuel into the combustion chamber, which will ignite on its own from the red-hot remnants of sawdust;
the process is closely monitored, that is, after laying the firewood, the damper is fully opened, and after a while, when the equipment makes a hum, it is covered to obtain a sound similar to rustling;
as necessary, the shutter is closed more and more, otherwise the firebox will begin to fill with an excess volume of air, which will disrupt pyrolysis inside the flame tube and lead to the creation of a strong hum.

Since the jet furnace was originally designed for use in the field, its design is extremely simple. This allows an ordinary home craftsman to cope with the manufacture of the unit. But, despite the apparent lightness, the rocket furnace is supposed to be assembled, taking into account the correct ratio of parameters. Otherwise, the equipment will turn out to be unproductive.

Ksenia Zubkova
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Source: //legkovmeste.ru/stroitelstvo-i-remont/otoplenie/reaktivnaya-pech-svoimi-rukami.html

Do-it-yourself rocket oven - instructions!

Unfortunately, in our country almost no one knows about the rocket oven. Meanwhile, such a design is extremely useful in a number of cases due to the almost complete absence of soot during operation and a high combustion temperature.

Reactive stove

Rocket furnace

Today we will talk about how a do-it-yourself rocket oven is made.

Principle of operation

Hot gases instead of a chimney enter a special hood, where they burn out (hence the absence of soot). In this case, the temperature rises even more, and the pressure, on the contrary, decreases. The cycle is constantly repeated and soon the furnace goes into combustion mode with maximum thrust (the strength of the latter depends on the design features and the quality of installation).

Rocket furnace

The temperature in the bell can reach 1200ᵒC, as a result of which all waste is burned almost without residue, and the exhaust consists mainly of carbon dioxide and water vapor.

Note! Thanks to this, the chimney can be laid under the floor or through some kind of heating structure (a couch, for example, or a bench). What's more, the hot hood can be used for heating water, cooking food, drying fruit, etc.

Reactive furnaces

The benefits include:

high efficiency;
no soot;
high fever;
the possibility of using cones, damp branches, dry plant stems as fuel - almost everything burns at a temperature of 1200ᵒ;
low fuel consumption - about four times lower than the standard design.

Types of rocket furnaces

There are several types of rocket (or jet, as they are also called) ovens.

Portable structures made of tin containers (paint cans, buckets, etc.). Great helpers on a construction site or on a hike that can be crafted in just a few hours.
Furnaces made of refractory bricks and metal barrels, intended for heating heat-consuming masses. They are distinguished by a horizontal chimney installed underground and an external riser to ensure draft.
Fully brick structures are used for air heating of the floor. Consist of several chimneys at once.

Note! Due to the complexity of the third option, this article will only consider the first two.

Making a reactive kiln from a brick and a metal barrel

In this case, the work traditionally begins with the preparation of everything necessary.

Making a reactive furnace from a brick and a metal barrel, drawing

Stage 1. Materials and equipment

For construction you will need:

fireclay brick;
steel barrel for 200 l;
chimney pipe;
metal brush;
old barbecue;
fire resistant paint;
bayonet shovel;
expanded clay;
fittings;
adobe;
perlite;
cement mortar;
trowel. Making a reactive furnace from a brick and a metal barrel

Stage 2. Preparation

Step 1. In the floor, a pit is pulled out (if possible) with a depth of about 30-50 cm. This is necessary so that the level of the horizontal chimney does not rise too much.

Step 2. The steel barrel will serve as a lid for the oven. First, the barrel is fired and cleaned of soot with a metal brush, after which it is painted with refractory paint.

Note! The paint is applied only after the chimney outlet flange has been installed.

Stage 3. Foundation

Step 1. Preparing the formwork for the future foundation.

Step 2. In the place where the firebox will be, several bricks go deep into the ground.

Step 3. Steel reinforcement is laid at the bottom.

Step 4. Bricks are laid around the lower point of the combustion chamber.

Step 5. The base is poured with concrete mortar.

Making a reactive kiln from a brick and a metal barrel

Stage 4. Laying

After the solution has dried, you can start laying the rocket oven.

Note! To do this, only use refractory clay.

Step 1. On the first tier, the masonry rises up, leaving only an opening for the combustion chamber.

Step 2. On the second level, the lower oven channel is formed.

Making a reactive kiln from a brick and a metal barrel

Step 3. On the third, the channel is overlapped with masonry so that two holes are obtained - for the combustion chamber and the vertical channel.

Note! After laying the bricks, you can not cut them off - they still have to be hidden with adobe and expanded clay.

Step 4. Preparation for laying the vertical channel. In addition to the barrel itself, this will require an old water heater of about 150 liters.

A flange is built into the barrel for connecting the chimney. It is also advisable to install a tee for cleaning the chimney here.

Step 5. The ascending part of the structure is placed using the "boot" method. The internal section of this part should be approximately 18 cm.

Step 6. A piece of hot water is put on the ascending part, and the voids between the walls are filled with perlite. The upper part of the perlite is sealed with chamotte clay.

Step 7. The base of the furnace is covered with sandbags, the base of the casing is coated with clay. The voids between the bags and the body are filled with expanded clay, after which the base is finished with the same clay.

Step 8. The chimney is connected, an inverted steel barrel is put on the ascending part.

Step 9. A trial run of the furnace is carried out, after which the barrel is painted with fire-resistant paint.

Manufacturing a reactive furnace from a brick and a metal barrel, diagram

Stage 5. Chimney lining

Step 1. The chimney is lined with sandbags and covered with expanded clay.

Step 2. The structure is given the appropriate shape using fireclay clay.

Note! The rocket furnace requires a lot of oxygen during operation, therefore it is recommended to run an air duct from the street.

All that remains is to install the old barbecue in the neck of the firebox and close it with a lid. The seams are filled with clay. That's it, the brick rocket oven is ready for use.

Stove stove, built on the principle of a rocket stove

Stove stove, built on the principle of a rocket stove, diagram

Stove stove, built on the principle of a rocket stove, foundation

Stove stove, built on the principle of a rocket stove, masonry

Making a camping-garden stove

In this design, as in the one described above, the principle of operation is to isolate the fire and direct heat energy to the right place.

Stage 1. Prepare everything you need

To prepare a portable rocket oven, you will need:

two tin containers of different diameters;
a pair of corners;
steel clamps ø10 cm;
stainless steel pipe for chimney;
fine crushed stone;
Bulgarian;
scissors for metal. Making a camping-garden oven for dishes From wire we bend a burner for dishes

Stage 2. Assembly of the structure

Step 1. A lid for the structure is made from a smaller bucket. To do this, a hole is made in it for the chimney (the lid is not removed at the same time). In this case, it is better to bend the "petals" inward - this way the pipe will be more securely fixed.

The lower half of the bucket is cut off with a grinder.

Step 2. A hole is cut at the bottom of the other container to connect the firebox. The tin is cut into "petals" with scissors and bent inward.

Step 3. The forward flow is assembled from a pipe and a pair of corners. The pipe is then inserted into the bucket and connected to the "petals" there with a steel clamp. That's it, the forward flow of the rocket furnace is ready.

Step 4. The space between the forward flow and the walls of the bucket is covered with fine gravel. The latter will perform two functions in the structure at once - thermal insulation and thermal accumulation.

Step 5. The second bucket (lid) is put on the jet oven.

Step 6. A cooking plate is bent from a steel wire.

Note! Instead of a hotplate, you can install three bricks.

Step 7. It remains only to paint the structure with heat-resistant paint (preferably gray or black). For melting, a direct flow outlet pipe will be used.

Reactive mini oven

Reactive mini-oven, kindling

Rules for the operation of rocket furnaces

Rocket furnaces, as well as other long-burning designs, need to be launched onto a warm pipe. And if for the second version of the furnace this is not so important, then for the first a cold chimney will only lead to unnecessary combustion of fuel. For this reason, the structure needs preliminary heating - heating with sawdust, paper, etc.

It is also worth noting that the jet furnace is unable to self-adjust, so at first the blower opens completely, and is covered only after the structure begins to hum a lot. In the future, the access of oxygen gradually decreases.

About the rocket oven in the bath

Reactive wood stove with lounger

Many people were probably interested in the question - is it possible to use a jet oven in a bath? It would seem possible, because it is quite easy to equip a heater on a tire.

In reality, such a design is not suitable for a bath. For light steam, you first need to warm up the walls, and only then, after a while, the air. For the latter, the oven must be a hotbed of convection and heat radiation (IR). This is the problem - convection is clearly distributed in the rocket furnace, and the design does not provide for losses due to thermal radiation at all.

Do-it-yourself rocket oven

conclusions

Be that as it may, but today in the manufacture of rocket furnaces there is more intuition than real accurate calculations, therefore, this is an almost limitless field for creativity.

We also suggest that you familiarize yourself with the video instructions for making a rocket furnace.

- DIY jet oven

Source: //svoimi-rykami.ru/stroitelstvo-doma/pechi_i_mangaly/pech-raketa-svoimi-rukami.html

Do-it-yourself rocket furnace made of long-burning brick: drawing, instructions, photo

A rocket stove made of bricks of long burning, despite the simplicity of the design, can solve a number of problems for owners of summer cottages and private houses. These include not only the functions of heating and cooking, but also the creation of an original interior and comfort in the room.

Principle of operation

During the thermal decomposition of solid organic fuel, gaseous substances are released, which also decompose and turn into wood gas in the process, which has a high level of heat transfer during combustion.

In conventional solid fuel stoves, wood gas goes into the pipe along with the gas, where it cools down and settles on the walls in the form of soot. In a rocket-type furnace, due to the horizontal channel, the gases move more slowly, do not have time to cool down, but burn out, giving off a large amount of heat.

In models of jet heating devices of complex design, heated air and gas flows through a series of internal channels. Then they move to the upper part of the body, under the hob, where it burns out completely. For such a rocket, there is no need for additional inflation. The draft in them is created at the expense of the chimney, and the longer its length, the more intense the ascending flow.

Principle of operation

In this diagram, the principle of operation of a rocket oven with a stove bench

Advantages and disadvantages

Long-term rocket furnaces have the following advantages:

high efficiency - at least 85%;
a high speed of heating the room - 50 m² will become warm in less than 1 hour;
the absence of soot - the exhaust during fuel combustion does not form soot, but is formed in the form of steam and carbon;
the ability to operate on any type of solid fuel;
low consumption - fuel consumption of a rocket stove is 4 - 5 times less than that of a conventional stove under the same conditions: the combustion time and heating temperature;
the possibility of arranging a warm bed;
the duration of keeping heat in a well-heated structure without adding fuel - up to 12 hours.

Such a stove has many advantages, but there are also bad sides.

The disadvantages include:

manual way to control the heating device - fuel burns out quickly, and it needs to be reported regularly;
the high heating temperature of some structural elements threatens to burn the owners in case of accidental contact;
the heating rate does not allow the use of a rocket stove for baths;
the aesthetic component of such a device is not suitable for every interior;
danger of carbon monoxide penetration into living rooms.

Materials (edit)

Do-it-yourself building materials for the construction of a furnace for long-burning rockets are selected depending on the calorific value of the fuel. For the masonry of the main body of the building, a simple red oven brick is usually used. The firebox and the furnace bunker are lined with fireclay bricks.

If you plan to use high-calorific fuel (for example, coal), then refractory bricks are used for the construction of almost all parts of the structure. Masonry elements are fastened with an aqueous solution of a mixture of sand and clay.

Regardless of the type of construction for a long-burning rocket furnace, you will need to buy furnace accessories:

blew;
grate grates;
furnace doors;
intermediate cap;
chimney pipe.

Instruments

To build a rocket-type furnace with your own hands, you need to prepare in advance a set of tools for work, which should consist of:

trowels for scooping and distributing mortar. It is more convenient to work with a tool with a handle slightly shifted to the side;
picks or hammer - picks for cutting off individual parts of the brick;
grinders with a diamond disc for sawing solid blocks into quarters and halves;
mallets with a rubber tip for leveling bricks in masonry;
twisted cord - mooring;
building level;
square and tape measure;
shovels.

You also need to stock up on two containers for the preparation of mortar, concrete and a metal mesh for sifting the ingredients.

How to do it yourself?

Before making a rocket furnace, it is necessary to decide on the place of its installation, on the dimensions of the future structure, to develop a scheme. The technology of the masonry itself is quite simple, any novice builder can master it.

The simplest design of a rocket stove can be built from 20 bricks at a summer cottage and used to heat food brought from home.

Seat selection

Before starting construction, first of all, they choose a place. It is recommended to place rocket-type brick ovens closer to the front door. In this case, the ash after cleaning will not need to be carried across the entire room, which will have a positive effect on the overall dustiness of the room.

It is also desirable that at the exit point of the pipe there are no rafters located closer than 40 cm to the chimney. And yet, the stove should not adjoin the outer wall of the house, so that expensive heat does not go to heating the street.

Preparation of the solution

The cement mortar under the influence of high temperatures quickly cracks, therefore, for laying brick heating devices, only a mortar consisting of clay and sand is used.

Their proportions are determined experimentally, depending on the quality of the clay. Most often in a ratio of 1: 2 or 1: 3, and the higher the fat content of the clay, the less it is added to the solution.

First, the clay needs to be soaked, filtered, and then sand is added. The resulting solution should be like thick sour cream in consistency. You can check the level of its viscosity in the following way:

place a wooden stick or trowel handle in the mixture;
take out the tool and shake well;
check the thickness of the adhered layer: if less than 2 mm add clay, more than 3 mm add sand.

The preparation of the mortar must be approached with all responsibility, since only a plastic mixture of the required density can fill in all the irregularities of the bricks and ensure their strong adhesion.

Rocket kiln masonry with 20 bricks

Rocket furnace ordering for 20 bricks

An example of a brick rocket stove

Rocket oven masonry with stove bench

A brick rocket oven, even equipped with a stove bench, is small in size. The order shown in the figures (below) allows you to assemble the structure without the use of metal products. Only the doors will be iron. Subsequently, the body can be coated with clay to give it a more rounded shape.

Row number	Number of bricks, pcs.	Description of masonry	Drawing
1	62	Furnace base formation	(click to enlarge)
2	44	Formation of the base of channels for heating the bench along the entire structure. Fastening mortgages for mounting a cast-iron door
3	44	Repetition of the contour of the second row
4	59	Full channel overlap. The beginning of the formation of the vertical smoke channel and furnace
5	60	Erection of a bed	(click to enlarge)
6	17	Continuation of the laying of the smoke channel
7	18
8	14
9; 10	14	Formation of a smoke channel	(click to enlarge)
11	13
12	11	Beginning of laying the chimney. From here begins the channel through which the air from the hob will go down to move to the stove
13	10	The end of the formation of the surface for the hob. Laying an asbestos gasket that is covered with sheet steel.	(click to enlarge)
14; 15	5	Closing the chimney and forming a low wall between the stove bench and the hob.

After the completion of the masonry work, the homemade rocket oven must be dried, carefully, heating at low intensity. First, no more than 20% of the firewood is put into the firebox, and the device is heated twice a day for 30 - 40 minutes.

According to this scheme, the stove is heated until its outer surface is cleaned of damp spots. It may take from three to eight days to dry, depending on the size of the device. During this time, the room should be well ventilated, especially in summer.

Acceleration of drying can lead to cracking of the masonry, that is, the device will become unsuitable for further heating.

Finished view

It is only necessary to launch a brick rocket furnace with a warm chimney. For a small device, this property is not so important, and a larger stove for a cold pipe only uses firewood in vain.

Therefore, before loading the fuel rate after a long break in operation, the rocket must be heated with paper, dry shavings, straw, etc., placing them in a blower with an open door. When the hum in the stove lowers the tonality or dies down, then you can load all the fuel into the furnace, it should ignite by itself from the already existing fire.

A rocket stove with a stove bench is not a fully self-regulating device for external conditions and fuel energy efficiency. Therefore, at the beginning of the firebox with the standard amount of fuel, the blower door is left in the open position. After the stove starts humming strongly, it is covered to a position where the sound made is barely audible.

Only dry wood can be used to warm up the stove, wet wood will not allow the stove to warm up to the desired temperature, which can lead to back draft.

Output

A brick reactive stove is becoming an increasingly popular heating device for small buildings, both temporary and permanent residence. This is explained by the simplicity of execution, the cheapness of the material, the duration of the autonomous operation and the high heat transfer of this design.

The simplest solutions for organizing heating a private house will always be popular, especially among home craftsmen. These include a wood-fired rocket stove, which can be made by hand without significant financial costs. The heater is quite interesting and deserves special attention. Consider the principle of operation of a rocket furnace, advantages with disadvantages and methods of making at home.

How Rocket Furnace Works

Remarkably, the so-called rocket or jet furnace actually has nothing to do with jet thrust, much less with space flights. This popular name arose for 2 reasons: due to some similarity of the operating unit to an inverted rocket and due to the humming sound. True, it appears in a certain mode and indicates too much air supplied to the firebox.

Important. A mode in which the rocket hums or even roars violently is ineffective and uneconomical. During normal operation of the stove, only a quiet rustling sound is heard.

At the moment there are 2 types of jet wood stoves:

portable;
stationary (heating).

Robinson metal camping stove with folding tripod fits easily into a backpack

The simplest portable modification of the rocket-type stove is produced commercially under the name "Robinson" and is intended for heating water and cooking food in field conditions. Using her example, it is easiest to understand the principle of operation of the unit. In fact, it is a pipe in the form of an inverted "L", as shown in the diagram:

How the rocket oven works:

In the horizontal part of the pipe, which serves as a receiving hopper for fuel, firewood is inserted and set on fire from the side of the vertical section.
Natural draft occurs inside the L-shaped channel due to the temperature difference between the incoming air flow and the outgoing flue gases.
The combustion intensity of the rocket furnace increases as the body warms up, so it is necessary to restrict the air supply. Otherwise, the wood will burn out in vain very quickly - all the heat will fly out into the pipe.

The principle of operation of the so-called jet furnace is to use the energy of the ascending flow of combustion products. The higher the temperature of the walls of the firebox, the more intensively the wood burns, and the flame becomes more powerful.

Due to the arising natural draft, a simple steel Robinson stove heats up a large container of water in a matter of ten minutes. And if you make the vertical section insulated, as shown in the diagram, then after warming up, you will be able to burn rather thick logs.

Stationary oven version

Stationary rocket furnaces, made by hand for heating a house, are equipped with a special hood to preserve the heat of flue gases and then transfer it to the room. In this case, the general picture of wood burning is somewhat different. With a limited supply of primary air and combustion of fuel, pyrolysis gases begin to evolve. They are burned out in the lower part of the vertical pipe, where secondary air is supplied through a separate channel.

The stationary rocket stove does not differ in principle of operation from the portable one, only the flue gases are discharged through the hood and the stove into the chimney

Note. In this regard, a wood-burning stove is a long-burning rocket, only it does not use a fan for forced air injection.

The incandescent combustion products, rising under the hood, begin to cool down, after which they descend in the space between the walls and enter the chimney duct. In this case, 3 forces act on gases:

Gravity It causes colder and heavier gases to descend and be directed towards the exit to the chimney.
Pressure of new combustion products coming from the firebox with a higher temperature.
Natural draft of the chimney.

The sum of these three forces makes it possible to attach arbitrary-shaped smoke channels to the rocket-type stove, just to take away more heat. In practice, this is used to make a heated bed from a rocket stove, as shown in the diagram:

Note. There is another way to prevent heat from escaping along with the flue gases to the outside. To do this, a chimney is made from a rocket furnace with a water jacket and two nozzles that are attached to.

A stationary "rocket" can be made of metal, add a hob and a heat exchanger to heat water for heating

About the advantages and disadvantages

The so-called jet stove is the cheapest option for a heating device in a private house. In this respect, she is unmatched. Moreover, a good master is able to make a brick stove in such a way that it will look pretty decent in the interior of the room. In fact, only the protruding metal cap and the fuel chamber cover will have to be improved. The rest of the unit, together with the gas ducts, will be hidden from view.

Homemade rocket ovens are definitely not super-efficient, and in general, this indicator largely depends on the homeowner himself. If you constantly burn raw wood, then there will be little sense from this. As well as there is no point in trying to achieve a "roaring" mode from the heat generator, mistakenly believing that it is the best. Here it is necessary to limit the air supply manually, as is done in long-burning heaters.

There is only 1 way to supply a jet stove with a water circuit - to install a heat exchanger on the chimney and connect it to a heat accumulator or directly to heating batteries

Many stoves, including rocket ones, suffer from the loss of useful heat through the chimney, so in this case it does not hurt to attach a water circuit to the gas flue pipe, as mentioned above. Well, a large amount of heat will allow the bed to be taken away, although you will have to work hard to arrange it. The rest of the negative aspects of the rocket look like this:

The unit requires constant supervision and manual control, since there is no automation in it.
Firewood should be loaded quite often.
The metal hood heats up to a temperature that burns a person upon touch. It is dangerous for young children.

Note. Homemade rocket-type stoves are not suitable for heating a bath, since in normal operating conditions they are unable to generate a large amount of heat in a short period of time.

The easiest way is to make a small portable oven with your own hands - the Robinson rocket, whose drawing is presented below. You will need trimming of profile pipes, metal for the legs and stand, as well as welding skills. Moreover, compliance with the exact dimensions indicated in the drawing is not necessary. You can take pipes of a different section, only you need to reduce or increase them proportionally so that the parts dock with each other.

Drawing of the improved "Robinson" camping stove with nozzles from a profile pipe, cut lengthwise into 2 parts

Note. Please note that the drawing shows a design improved by our expert. As befits a rocket, improvised nozzles are attached to it, where secondary air for afterburning enters, entering the pipe through a series of holes. Due to this modernization, the combustion intensity increases markedly. For more information on the operation of a compact wood-burning stove, see the video:

The most common variants of large rocket furnaces are made from a gas cylinder or a 200 liter metal barrel. It must be understood that these ready-made elements are used as an outer cap, and the internal parts of the stove must be made from pipes of a smaller diameter or laid out from fireclay bricks. Moreover, from the cylinder, you can make both a stationary heater with a small stove bench, and a unit that can be moved.

Please note that it is rather difficult to calculate the thermal power of a rocket-type furnace; there is no single calculation method. It is easier to rely on ready-made drawings of already working samples and perform assembly based on them. You just need to compare the dimensions of the future stove with the dimensions of the heated room. For example, to heat a small room, the size of a cylinder is enough; in other cases, it is better to take a large barrel. The selection of internal parts for them is shown in the diagram:

2 options for stoves - from a gas cylinder and a standard iron barrel

Balloon rocket furnace

In addition to the gas cylinder itself, to assemble the stove you will need:

profile pipe 150 x 150 mm for the firebox and the loading hopper;
steel pipes with a diameter of 70 and 150 mm will go to the inner vertical channel;
the same with a diameter of 100 mm to the chimney;
insulation (basalt fiber with a density of at least 100 kg / m³);
sheet metal 3 mm thick.

For a master who owns welding, this work will not present any particular difficulty. At the cylinder, the upper part should be cut off along the seam, after having unscrewed the valve and filled it to the top with water. On the sides, on both sides, openings are cut out for installing a firebox and cutting in a chimney. The profile tube is inserted and connected to a vertical channel that is led out through the bottom of the cylinder. Further work on the manufacture of the rocket furnace is carried out in accordance with the drawing:

At the end, the upper part must be welded in place, then all the seams must be carefully checked for permeability so that air does not enter the oven uncontrollably. After that, you can connect the chimney with a water jacket (if any) and start testing.

Important. To create sufficient draft, the top of the pipe must be raised above the level of the firebox to a height of 4 m.

Brick masonry rocket-type heater

This version of the stove will require the cost of purchasing fireclay bricks; ordinary ceramic for a rocket stove will not work. The masonry is carried out on a fireclay mortar; it is also sold as a ready-made building mixture. How to make a stationary rocket furnace:

First, you need to dig a hole, tamp the bottom and fill the foundation with dimensions of 1200 x 400 mm and a height of 100 mm, as shown in the photo.
After solidification, the foundation is covered with a sheet of basalt cardboard and the laying of the combustion chamber, the bunker for loading firewood and the vertical channel is carried out. A door for cleaning the ash pan is installed from the end of the combustion chamber.
After the clay has dried, the pit is filled up, and a pre-selected pipe or small barrel with a diameter of 450 mm is put on the vertical channel. The gap between the brickwork and the pipe walls is filled with refractory insulation, for example, basalt wool, expanded clay, vermiculite.
At the last stage, a cap made of a large metal barrel with a diameter of 600 mm is put on the structure. Previously, a cutout is made in its upper part and a pipe is installed to connect the chimney. When the barrel rolls over, he will just be at the bottom.

Further - a matter of technology, you can bring the chimney out immediately or build another stove bench with chimneys. For this purpose, ordinary ceramic brick and clay-sand mortar will already fit. The order of the brickwork of a rocket furnace with a small stove bench is shown in detail in the video:

Conclusion

Of course, a wood-fired rocket oven is not the height of perfection and is attractive only because of its simplicity and cheapness. And to fit it into the interior of a living space is still a challenge. Hence the conclusion that such a heat source can be built somewhere in the country or in a temporary hut, where people do not stay constantly. The heater is not afraid of long breaks between firing up, but warms up quickly enough. For heating a large residential building or a bath, this unit will not work; other solutions are needed here.

A simple heating device, which is not much inferior in popularity to a potbelly stove, is a rocket stove. It runs on wood, and the design scheme is so simple that manufacturing is possible on your own. The stove can also be made economical - many think that looking like a potbelly stove means the gluttony of the combustion chamber, but no. There are schemes that work on smoldering wood (pyrolysis), which means they are economical with the same efficiency.

Why a rocket and why a jet

Such a stove is often called a "rocket", but not because the wood burns in it at high speed, but because of the shape of the structure - the traditional version of the rocket stove is made of two pieces of iron pipes welded together. The unit resembles a rocket in a child's drawing. The use of a simplified form allows you to make it in less than a day. The adjective “reactive” is also used for the stove, but also not because of the rate of fuel combustion, but because of the peculiarities of combustion - at a certain stage of air supply to the firebox, it begins to hum strongly, as if the turbocharging of the injectors in the engine is turned on.

The humming of the furnace is an ineffective and wasteful combustion mode. During normal operation, it emits a quiet rustle.

Any owner of a country or country house has at least a minimum set of carpentry, locksmith and car repair tools in the workshop. Here they will help in the manufacture of a miracle rocket, plus drawings and a minimum supply of materials: pipes or metal boxes, a sheet of iron and - during the construction of a stationary version - brick and mortar on clay. Now it becomes clear that the jet furnace is made portable or stationary, for example, for heating a house or a bath.

If a stationary jet oven will heat the house, then it is placed along the outer wall. Correctly designed and equipped, it can heat a house up to 50m 2. Also, the stove is installed in an open area - on a personal plot, and is used as a summer option for cooking.

How a rocket-type stove works

The device is the simplest - two principles of fuel combustion, borrowed from other stoves:

Natural circulation of hot gases and smoke through the channels of the stove is a standard solution, as in a stove.
Afterburning of unburned gases (pyrolysis) with limited access of oxygen to the combustion chamber.

The scheme of the simplest jet stove, which is intended only for cooking, uses the natural combustion of wood - in an open chamber it is impossible to create conditions for maintaining the pyrolysis reaction and afterburning of unburned gases.

Let us consider a simple design of a direct combustion rocket-rocket furnace, which is traditionally installed in a courtyard in an open area. It can be used to quickly heat water or prepare dinner for a family on vacation. From the figure below, it becomes clear that such a sample will require two sections of a cylindrical or rectangular iron pipe, which are connected by welding at an angle of 90 0.

A horizontal section of a metal box acts as a combustion chamber - firewood is laid there. Also, fuel loading can be organized vertically - add a vertical iron cylinder on top of the horizontal pipe for loading firewood. Thus, you get a structure of three pipes or boxes, the lowest of which (horizontal) will work as a firebox. In a stationary scheme, the simplest stove design often uses red brick, which is placed on a clay mortar.

The efficiency of the structure cannot be called satisfactory, so the craftsmen figured out how to increase the efficiency of its work. An additional element is another pipe of a larger diameter (as you can see, all materials are available and cheap), into which the main pipe of the riser stove (primary chimney) is installed. This increases the overall heating and the duration of the heat retention.

In the diagram:

Outer casing.
A pipe that serves as a firebox.
A duct for air outlet to the combustion chamber.
Insulated area between the body and the riser. The same ash can serve as a heater.

How to heat

The Robinson reactive furnace is heated according to the principle of kindling a fire - paper, hay, straw or other rapidly combustible material is laid first, then small chips or large shavings. The last logs are laid in the size of the firebox. Hot combustion products rise along the vertical pipe (2) and go out. A pot or water tank can be placed on the open end of the pipe (2).

In order for the fuel to burn continuously and actively, it is necessary to provide a gap between the outlet pipe (2) and the pan with water using a special lattice metal support.

The diagram below shows a simple device with a door on the fuel loading hole. Air draft is formed due to the presence of a special channel formed by the lower surface of the furnace and an iron plate welded 8-10 mm from the combustion chamber. Such a design will forcibly pump air, even if the door is closed completely. It can be seen from the diagram that the design is also designed to operate in the pyrolysis mode, while a constant flow of a "secondary" air stream will burn the exhaust gases. But in order for the afterburning to be 100%, it is necessary to equip the thermal insulation of the secondary chamber in which the gas burns out in order to provide the required temperature indicators for pyrolysis.

In the diagram:

Forced duct for blowing air with the combustion door closed.
Active combustion area.
Burnt gases.

The improved scheme provides not only the possibility of heating the surrounding space, but also cooking, for which the upper hob is designed. Total: to the simplest version of the "rocket", you can add an outer casing, which will additionally heat the room, the furnace door, blowing air to maintain the pyrolysis mode and a stove for cooking food. This scheme can already be implemented in the house itself, and not in the yard, since the chimney pipe is brought out. This minor upgrade greatly improves the performance of the model. So, a do-it-yourself rocket furnace, the drawings of which are presented below, has the following capabilities:

Due to the embedding of the outer casing from a pipe of a larger diameter and its insulation, which creates a heat-insulating layer for the riser, and also due to the possibility of hermetically closing the upper pipe, hot air cools down much longer.
In the lower section of the stove, a separate blowing channel has been added, which makes it possible to organize pyrolysis combustion.
It is recommended to place the chimney in such a scheme not vertically at the top, but at the bottom behind on the body, which will allow organizing additional circulation of hot streams through the internal channels of the stove, ensuring rapid heating of the hob and the entire insulated body.

In the firebox (1), the fuel does not burn completely (2), since the air supply is not carried out in full, this is the "A" mode, which can be controlled using the damper (3). Hot, but not burned out from pyrolysis gases are supplied to the end section of the firing channel (5), in which they are burned out. Afterburning provides high-quality thermal insulation and a constant flow of "secondary" air in the "B" mode through channel (4).

The hot stream then enters the inner riser (7), rises up to the cooking plate (10) and heats it up. Further, hot air enters the volume (6) between the outer and inner pipes, insulated with a layer of ash (4, 9), heats the furnace body, which gives off heat to the room. Finally, the cooled air goes down to enter the chimney (11) and out.

A stable high temperature in the riser (7) ensures maximum heat transfer and creates conditions for complete combustion of gases by placing the riser in a larger pipe - shell (8). The free space is filled with ash or other refractory substance (9) for lining - this can also be a solution of ordinary clay with sand in a ratio of 1: 3.

The palm of popularity belongs to the industrial model "Robinson" - it is a simple but reliable design. Having such a mobile stove, you can quickly cook food or heat water in the country or on a hike. Structurally, this is an inverted L-shaped pipe, as shown in the diagrams below.

Firewood is laid in the horizontal section of the fuel receiver, and ignition is carried out from the side from which the vertical pipe enters. In the L-shaped pipe, due to the pressure difference between hot and cold air, thrust arises, and the combustion intensity will only increase as the furnace body heats up. The air supply is regulated by a slide damper.

The furnace works on the principle of energy consumption of the natural flow of hot gases. It turns out a closed cycle: as the temperature rises, the fuel starts to burn more actively and the chamber and the hob heat up faster. As a result, "Robinson" is able to heat 10 liters of water in 10 minutes, if you put the tank on an already warm surface. The diagram shows that the hob in "Robinson" has a thick heat-insulating layer, which makes it possible to put large diameter chocks in the firebox.

Stationary oven

Stationary models have a hood to keep the heat in the room longer. In such a stove, fuel combustion occurs according to a different scenario. The beginning of the firewood combustion process is the same - the air supply is limited. This causes the release of pyrolysis gases, which are afterburned in the lower section of a vertical pipe or duct, where the secondary air is supplied separately.

The hot gas, once at the top, begins to cool down and sinks into the free interchamber volume, and then into the chimney. It goes like this:

The forces of gravity cause colder, and therefore, heavier burnt gases to rush down, where they enter the chimney.
This is facilitated by the constantly maintained pressure from the placed firewood and the consistently high temperature of the gases.
Natural draft in the chimney.

All this creates effective conditions for burning firewood and it becomes possible to attach a smoke channel with arbitrary geometry to the "rocket". Basically, long and complex chimneys are needed in order to better heat the room.

The main disadvantage of all solid fuel stoves is the inability to retain most of the heat in the house. But the positive qualities make it possible to neutralize the negative aspects - the high speed of the gas outlet makes it possible to organize complex vertical or horizontal chimneys with several channels. The implementation of this principle in practice is the Russian stove. In a jet furnace with a horizontal multi-channel chimney, you can also equip a warm stove bench, as shown in the diagram below.

A rocket-rocket stove is an option for home heating, cheaper than which is only a gift. A person familiar with the basics of construction can fold a brick combination stove in a design suitable for any home interior. The main task of ennobling the appearance will be decorating the iron cap and the firebox lid - everything else will not be in sight.

Combined brick-metal barrel oven

It is stationary, because the structure cannot be moved. The fuel chamber and chimney are laid out of fireclay bricks, valves and doors are made of metal. Brick gives off heat very slowly, so the room will be warm for a long time.

High efficiency is not the strong point of such models, but good heat transfer can be achieved by adjusting the air supply to the chamber, without seeking to enter the combustion mode, in which the stove begins to "roar" and "hum".

In order to somehow minimize heat losses during the operation of this simple design, many craftsmen build a water circuit into the furnace and connect a hot water tank. Also, the construction of a bed with a multi-channel horizontal chimney contributes to the preservation of heat in the room. Negative qualities of "missile" models that cannot be minimized or removed:

Constant monitoring and adjustment of traction is necessary - no automation devices are provided.
Every 2-3 hours you need to load a new batch of firewood.
The iron hood is heated to dangerous temperatures.

The simplest and cheapest option is the Robinson model, which is shown in the drawing below. To make it, you need pipe cuttings or a rectangular profile box, metal corners for legs, a welding machine. Its dimensions are selected based on the dimensions of the workpieces. The main thing is to adhere to the observance of the principle of action, and not the size.

For a home-made design, they often take gas cylinders or barrels of 200 liters - thick walls and a suitable size are as close as possible to what was intended. Both are used for the manufacture of the outer case, and the internal elements are made from pipes of a smaller diameter or brought out in bricks - halves, quarters or whole.

There is no general formula for calculating heat transfer for all models of a rocket stove, so the option of using ready-made calculations based on the principle of similarity of schemes is quite suitable. The main thing is that the size of the future "rocket" should at least approximately correspond to the volume of the heated room. For example, a gas cylinder will do for a garage, a two-hundred-liter barrel for a country house. An approximate selection of internal elements is shown in the diagram below.

Iron cylinder furnace

Cylinder - gas, oxygen, carbon dioxide.
Pipe ≥ 150 mm for fuel and loading chambers.
Pipes 70 and 150 mm - for an internal vertical chimney.
Pipes 150 mm - for the outlet chimney.
Insulation of any type, necessarily non-combustible.
Sheet metal blanks H = 3 mm.

The top of the cylinder is cut by welding. For safety reasons, it is best to open the stopcock on it and fill it with water before cutting. On the sides, you need to cut openings for the fuel chamber and chimney. The pipe for the firebox is connected to the vertical pipe of the chimney from the bottom of the cylinder.

After installing the internal elements, the cut top is welded back. The seams are checked visually, the main chimney is connected. If there is a water circuit, it also joins. After that, the rocket furnace can be tested.

Sufficient draft is ensured by the height of the chimney - it must be raised above the firebox by at least 4 meters.

How to lay out a brick firebox

Such a model requires the use of only fireclay (clay) bricks - ceramic or silicate bricks will immediately crack. The laying is carried out on clay mortar, the proportions of the composition are indicated above. A pit is dug under the base of the stove, the soil at the bottom is rammed and poured with concrete. The size of the foundation is 1200x400x100 mm.

After the base has hardened, it is protected with a sheet of basalt cardboard, then they begin to lay out the firebox, vertical chimney and loading chamber. From the front of the firebox, a door for ash removal is attached. After the clay solution has dried, the trench is filled up, a pipe of the required diameter is inserted into the vertical chimney. The cavities between the brick and the pipe should be filled with insulation - basalt wool, ash or other non-combustible material, for example, asbestos.

Now a Ø 600 mm cap is placed on the masonry - a cut-out cover from a metal barrel will do. Before installation, a hole is cut in it, into which a branch pipe is inserted under the chimney. Putting on this cap, the barrel should be turned over, and the branch pipe will be where it is needed. Then the chimney is brought out - either directly to the street, or through the arrangement of a lounger with horizontal chimney channels. The lounger can be laid out with ordinary silicate bricks, since the temperature of the gases will already be low.

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The rocket stove was used by many peoples of the world long before the advent of modern home and household stoves. It served primarily to heat the dwelling and provide a warm sleeping place in the house. Food preparation also played an important role. When developing a furnace device, it was necessary to come up with a system that would be able to work with the highest possible efficiency when loading low quality wood fuel (dry and wet).

Nowadays, it is used for heating, for cooking, and also as an element of the interior. You can make a do-it-yourself rocket furnace almost from improvised means. It all depends on its purpose and the place where it will be used.

There are many types and designs of a rocket furnace - from the simplest to multifunctional. For effective work, it is necessary to follow certain rules for operating the furnace structure. There are 2 main principles of the rocket furnace, regardless of its configuration:

free circulation of the emitted gases from the fuel through the formed furnace channels, without manually pulling the chimney draft;
afterburning of pyrolysis gases released from burning out the fuel in conditions of insufficient oxygen supply.

Design, characteristics and application

The rocket stove owes its unique name to the characteristic roar of the stove, which can be heard throughout the entire combustion process. It is vaguely similar to the sound of a rocket taking off. The similarity with a rocket is also in the fact that in the process of combustion, jet thrust is created in it. The conical shape of the oven can also be associated with the name, but this is not the main characteristic.

There are 2 types of furnace designs (shown in the diagrams):

The simplest rocket furnace

The simplest design of a direct combustion rocket furnace consists of 2 pipes connected by a branch - a Russian rocket furnace.

The down tube is separated by a metal plate. The upper part of the pipe makes up about 2/3 of the total space, where the main fuel is directly placed. The lower part serves as a primitive blower that provides air exchange in the oven.

In this case, the fuel fill is horizontal. With vertical laying, the rocket-type furnace consists of two vertical pipes of different lengths, and the third horizontal one, which serves as a connecting channel. The latter serves as a firebox.

The simplest form of a jet oven is installed, usually in the open air, for the purpose of cooking food and heating water.

For the manufacture of a stationary simple brick rocket furnace, a material is used that is installed on a heat-resistant platform.

In order to achieve higher productivity, new elements have been added to the simplest design of the stove.

The diagram shows a traveling rocket furnace. The lower pipe is divided by a special jumper, into a fuel compartment (2) and a compartment for venting air into the combustion area (3). The upper part of the furnace consists of a riser pipe, around which a heat-insulating compound (4) is laid, which is closed on top by an external metal casing (1).

The operation of the stove is as follows: a fuel (straw, paper) heating the stove is put into the fuel compartment, after which the main fuel is added (chips, twigs, etc.). In the process of active combustion, incandescent gases are formed that rise along the riser and go out. A stand for cooking utensils is installed on the pipe cut, taking into account a gap of 7-10 mm. Otherwise, if the required gap is not maintained, the outlet for the oxygen draft will be blocked, which, in turn, raises the hot gases upward. The combustion process will stop.

If the conditions for creating an air draft are met, the combustion process will not stop even with a closed combustion door. Here, the second principle of operation of a long-burning rocket furnace is partially triggered - afterburning of pyrolysis gases in conditions of insufficient oxygen supply.

For this principle to work in full, it is necessary to provide the rocket furnace with high-quality thermal insulation of the secondary combustion chamber, because for the processes of formation and combustion of gases, it is necessary to comply with temperature requirements.

Advanced design

This type of rocket oven in an improved configuration can be used at home both for cooking and for heating rooms. In addition to the fuel compartment and the pipe, there is a second building in it, at the top of which a hob is installed, and the chimney is led to the street. You can heat a room up to 50 sq.m. with such a stove.

As a result of the modernization carried out, the useful qualities and efficiency are increased due to the fact that the long-burning rocket furnace acquires several unique and important properties:

in contrast to the simple design of the rocket furnace, the improved one uses a second outer casing, thermal insulating material around the combustion tube, a hermetically sealed upper part of the casing, which creates conditions for maintaining a high temperature for a long time;
an autonomous hole for supplying secondary air in the modernized furnace provides optimal blowing, while in a simple design an open firebox is used for this;
the chimney system is designed in such a way that the heated gas flow does not rush out of the pipe immediately, but passes through the furnace channels, ensuring high-quality afterburning of the secondary fuel, heating the hob and uniform heat transfer of air in the room through the heated furnace body.

The improved design uses additional elements aimed at creating high heat transfer and multifunctionality of the rocket furnace. Two principles of the furnace are actively involved here. Initially, solid fuel pre-combustion takes place, which, during combustion, releases pyrolysis gases that are used as a secondary fuel.

The principle of operation of a rocket furnace of this design is shown in detail in the diagram on the left. The fuel compartment (1) is loaded with pre-combustion fuel. In the zone of the most active heat exchange (2), in conditions of insufficient supply of primary oxygen (A), controlled by a damper (3), pyrolysis gases are released. They rush to the end of the firing channel (5), where they burn out. Favorable conditions for the combustion of gases are created due to the high thermal insulation of the structure and the continuous flow of secondary oxygen (B).

Then the incandescent gas rises up the inner channel of the riser pipe (7) under the housing cover, which is often equipped under the hob (10), due to the continuous high-temperature heating. There, the accumulation of gas diverges through channels located between the riser and the outer furnace body (6). In conditions of constant heating of the case, its walls accumulate heat, from which the air in the room heats up. After that, the gas flow goes down the channel and then goes up into the chimney pipe (11).

The combustion process can take several hours. For maximum heat transfer from the furnace and complete combustion of pyrolysis gases, it is necessary to maintain a stable high temperature in the riser. To do this, it is placed in a pipe of slightly larger diameter, which is called a shell (8). The space formed between the two pipes is tightly filled with a heat-resistant compound, for example sifted sand, to provide thermal insulation in the pipe.

Features of the operation of the rocket furnace

Before loading the main fuel, the stove must be warmed up. This is more about large and multi-functional rocket furnaces. In them, without preliminary heating, thermal energy will be used idle.
To accelerate the furnace, dry paper, wood shavings, and straw are placed in an open blower. Sufficient heating of the stove can be determined by the hum in the stove, which later dies down. Then the main fuel is put into the preheated rocket stove, which is ignited by the booster.
At the beginning of the combustion of the main fuel, the blower door is opened completely. After a while, as the furnace hum appears, the blower is covered until the hum is replaced by a whisper. In the future, to assess the state of combustion of the stove, one must also focus on the "stove sound", opening the blower door slightly when it dies down and covering it when a rumble arises.
The larger the jet oven, the smaller the opening for fresh air is needed. It is advisable to use a separate blower in such a furnace.
The power of the furnace can be adjusted only due to the volume of the added fuel, but not due to the air supply.
When making a large rocket furnace on your own, its bunker should be made with a tight-fitting lid, without gaps and slots. Otherwise, the stable operating mode of the furnace will not be ensured, which is fraught with the consumption of excess fuel energy.
Contrary to popular belief, a rocket stove for a bath is not suitable for installation, since the stove does not emit sufficient infrared radiation, which is necessary to heat the walls and return convection to air masses in a bath. A rocket stove for a bath, theoretically, can only be installed using the Shirokov-Khramtsov stove type, the characteristics of which are given below.
The Rocket Garage Stove is a mobile version of a stove structure that can quickly heat up a room. The main element is a heating tank from a pipe.

Fuel types

When properly assembled and operated, a rocket stove can be fired with any type of solid fuel, wood and wood waste. For example, twigs, leaves, wood, coal, corn stalks, pine cones, pieces of chipboard, pieces of furniture. You can load fuel into the furnace both dry and raw. This is especially true for its operation in natural conditions, where it is not always possible to find dry raw materials.

Varieties of rocket furnaces

The rocket furnace can be made independently or to order from various materials. Here it is necessary to focus on opportunities and available resources.

Gas cylinder oven

The used gas cylinder is a widespread material for the manufacture of a furnace. The convenience of its use lies in the fact that it is, in fact, a ready-made billet of the furnace body of an elongated conical shape. Fuel costs are minimal, and the generated heat will heat a room with an area of up to 50 sq. M. The material of the cylinder must be chosen not explosive and resistant to high temperatures and heat. The best option is a solid metal propane cylinder with a capacity of 50 liters, a diameter of 35 cm and a height of 85 cm. This volume is enough to burn any type of fuel.

Also, for the manufacture of a portable rocket furnace from a gas cylinder, volumes of 12 and 27 liters are used, but with less heat transfer. The cylinder can be purchased at a special gas station.

Before starting the manufacture of the furnace, gas is vented from the cylinder by opening the valve for a while. Then, a simple stove is made. Next, the upper part of the cylinder is cut off, the hole for the valve remains. A round hole with a welded steel strip is cut at the top, which serves as the basis for the chimney.

Brick oven

It can be both stationary and marching. Hastily folded, in 15-20 minutes, a rocket oven made of bricks, fragments of bricks or cobblestones "dry" will perfectly cope with cooking and heating water. The disadvantage of such a furnace is the low economy of the fuel being put in and a small heat transfer. Heating the bricks in the chimney up to 1000 degrees allows the structure to quickly enter the operating mode. At the same time, the rocket does not smoke due to the fact that at this temperature all the fuel burns out without residue.

Water Jacketed Rocket Furnace

The most commonly used stationary furnace type. The peculiarity of such a furnace is that heat transfer goes not only to heating the air in the room, but also to water. For this, a rocket furnace with a water circuit is connected to a heat storage tank - to create an autonomous water supply system. Ideal for use in the country or in private water, because the device helps to reduce heating and water heating costs, which is very economical.

Barrel oven

A common model for home heating. Low-cost to manufacture and energy-consuming in heat transfer. Often they are equipped with a warm stove bench. Able to warm up a room of more than 50 sq. m. A standard 200-liter barrel with a diameter of 607 mm is perfect for making a stove. This diameter can be reduced by almost half, which is convenient for embedding a riser pipe made of a gas cylinder or tin buckets with a diameter of 300-400 mm. In a word, the stove can be supplied from scrap materials.

Shirokov-Khramtsov furnace

Domestic modernization of the rocket furnace. The main material is heat-resistant concrete, which creates excellent thermodynamics in the structure. Due to the stable operation of the furnace and the low thermal conductivity of the material, part of the heat goes out in the form of infrared radiation, which is impossible with the operation of other furnace types. If you use heat-resistant glass, then the stove can be adapted for a fireplace. The disadvantage of installing such a furnace is the high cost of the material, the preparation of which will require a concrete mixer.

Stove-stove

For cooking and preparing food at home and outdoors, an improved oven design with a wide hob is installed for the installation of several containers. A vertical riser pipe with a firebox welded to it is located directly under the hob, providing high-temperature heating. Accumulating under the cover of the panel, gases escape through a horizontal pipe, uniformly heating the entire area of the panel, and rush to the exit through a vertical chimney.

How to do it yourself

Let's take a closer look at making a do-it-yourself rocket furnace with a stove bench. Its design is more cumbersome, more difficult to install than the types of furnaces listed above, but thanks to step-by-step instructions and diagrams, it will not be difficult to build it yourself. The main thing is to comply with all installation recommendations.

Step by step instructions on how to make a rocket oven:

First, make a 10 cm recess for installing the fuel compartment, laying it out with a fireclay brick. Then you need to install the formwork along the line of the structure. For a stronger foundation, you can use building reinforcement or mesh on a brick base.
Using a level, lay out the base for the combustion chamber.
Then you need to fill the structure with concrete, and let it dry for a day. After the mortar has set, you can continue building the oven.

Lay out the base of the furnace, laying the brick in a continuous order.
Form the side walls by laying several rows of masonry.
Arrange the lower channel of the rocket, taking into account the order.
Then you need to lay a row of cross bricks so that the riser pipe and combustion chamber remain open, and the combustion chamber is hidden.

You need to take the body of the old boiler and cut it off on both sides so that you end up with a pipe wide in diameter.
A flange is installed in the lower part of the housing from under the fuels and lubricants, into which a horizontal heat exchanger pipe will be installed. In order to maintain the tightness and safety of the product, it is necessary to provide for the use of continuous welds in the work.

After that, the outlet is cut into the barrel. The barrel is cleaned from rust, covered with a primer and several layers of heat-resistant paint.
A side duct must be welded to a horizontal chimney to form an ash pan. To facilitate its cleaning, during the operation of the furnace, the channel must be equipped with a sealed flange.
Next, a fire tube is laid out of refractory bricks, observing the dimensions of 18 × 18 cm in a square shape. When laying out the inner channel, it is important to observe strict verticality for the stable operation of the furnace. To do this, you can use a body kit or level.

It is necessary to put a casing on the flame tube, and place perlite balls in the resulting space. The lower part of the riser must be sealed with a clay mixture to prevent spillage of the thermal insulation.
Then the fuel cap is made - using the previously cut off part from the boiler. For convenience, you can weld a handle to the lid.
Mix the clay mortar with sawdust (do not allow the product to crack), up to 50% of the total volume. The result is the so-called "adobe grease", which needs to be coated with the appearance of the resulting structure to mask unsightly details and increase thermal insulation.

Next, the appearance of the furnace is formed. The oven circuit is laid out. For this, you can use different materials: stone, brick, sandbags. The inner part is filled with rubble, and the upper part is covered with adobe mixture.
A 200-liter drum serving as an external oven casing is installed on a previously prepared base. Be sure to install the barrel so that the lower branch pipe is on the side of the bed. Then the lower part is covered with clay for sealing.
Then, from the corrugated pipe, you need to form a channel for supplying air from the street, bring it to the fuel compartment. Without installing such a channel, a do-it-yourself rocket furnace will consume warm air from the room during operation.

After the construction of the main part of the furnace structure, a training kindling is carried out to check the free removal of gases through the horizontal chimney.
The heat exchanger pipes are connected to the lower branch pipe, installed on a red brick base.
Next, you need to do the installation of the chimney with your own hands, hermetically sealing all connections with an asbestos cord or refractory coating.
At the end of the bed, you need to shape it in the same way as before - when forming the main body. If you leave the barrel open, without masking with adobe, then the heat during combustion will instantly flow into the room. If the barrel is completely covered with adobe, leaving the lid intact, then the heat will accumulate in the body, which will create excellent conditions for cooking on the hob.

Instead of a barrel, you can use a gas cylinder (a rocket oven from a gas cylinder), and instead of a boiler, you can use pipes fitted to the shape, tin buckets. When creating a rocket furnace with your own hands, it is very important to observe accuracy and proportionality in size using drawings. This will give a guarantee for a long and effective operation of a long-burning stove with your own hands.

The benefits of using homemade rocket furnaces are significant in everyday life. The construction of a stove does not require large economic costs (for materials, heating) and temporary (it takes a maximum of 3-4 days to make a stove).

High performance and heat dissipation with unpretentious fuel loading is ideal. You can decorate the stove in any version, thereby adding a new element of the interior to the house.