Moliere "Bourgeois in the nobility": description, characters, analysis of the work. J. B. Moliere "Bourgeois in the nobility": description, heroes, analysis of the work Teachers are trying to squeeze out of the journal

It would seem, what else does the venerable bourgeois Monsieur Jourdain need? Money, family, health - everything one could wish for, he has. But no, Jourdain took it into his head to become an aristocrat, to become like noble gentlemen. His mania caused a lot of inconvenience and excitement to the household, but it was in the hands of a host of tailors, hairdressers and teachers, who promised through their art to make Jourdain a brilliant noble gentleman. And now two teachers - dance and music - together with their students were waiting for the master of the house to appear. Jourdain invited them so that they would decorate the dinner, which he arranged in honor of one titled person, with a cheerful and sophisticated performance.

Appearing before the musician and dancer, Jourdain first asked them to evaluate his exotic robe - such, according to his tailor, all nobility wears in the morning - and the new liveries of their lackeys. Apparently, the size of the future fee for connoisseurs directly depended on the assessment of Jourdain's taste, therefore, the reviews were enthusiastic.

The dressing gown, however, caused some hitch, since Jourdain could not decide for a long time how it would be more convenient for him to listen to music - in it or without it. After listening to the serenade, he found it bland and, in turn, sang a lively street song, for which he again received praise and an invitation, among other sciences, to also study music and dancing. To accept this invitation, Jourdain was persuaded by the assurances of the teachers that every nobleman would certainly learn both music and dance.

A pastoral dialogue was prepared for the upcoming reception by the music teacher. In general, Jourdain liked him: since you can't do without these eternal shepherdesses and shepherdesses - okay, let them sing to themselves. The ballet presented by the dance teacher and his students pleased Jourdain completely.

Inspired by the success of the employer, the teachers decided to forge the iron while it was hot: the musician advised Jourdain to make sure to arrange weekly home concerts, as is done, according to him, in all aristocratic houses; the dance teacher immediately began to teach him the most exquisite of dances - the minuet.

Exercises in graceful body movements were interrupted by a fencing teacher, a science teacher - the ability to strike, and not receive them himself. The dance teacher and his fellow musician disagreed with the swordsman's statement about the absolute priority of the ability to fight over their time-honored arts. The people got carried away, word for word - and a couple of minutes later a scuffle ensued between the three teachers.

When the teacher of philosophy came, Jourdain was delighted - who else, if not a philosopher, should admonish the fighting. He willingly took up the matter of reconciliation: he remembered Seneca, warned opponents against anger that humiliates human dignity, advised him to take up philosophy, this first of the sciences ... Then he overdid it. They began to beat him on a par with the others.

The battered but still mutilated philosophy teacher was finally able to begin his lesson. Since Jourdain refused to deal with both logic - the words are too tricky there - and ethics - why should science temper his passions, if all the same, if it goes away, nothing will stop him - the pundit began to initiate him into the secrets of spelling.

Practicing vowel pronunciation, Jourdain was as happy as a child, but when the first raptures passed, he revealed a big secret to the philosophy teacher: he, Jourdain, is in love with a certain high society lady, and he needs to write this lady a note. For the philosopher, it was a trifle pair - in prose, or in poetry. However, Jourdain asked him to do without these very prose and poetry. Did the venerable bourgeois know that one of the most stunning discoveries in his life awaited him - it turns out that when he shouted to the maid: "Nicole, give me your shoes and a nightcap," the purest prose was coming from his lips, just think!

However, in the field of literature, Jourdain was still not a bastard - no matter how hard the teacher of philosophy tried, he failed to improve the text composed by Jourdain: “Beautiful Marquise! Your beautiful eyes promise me death from love. "

The philosopher had to retire when Jourdain was told about the tailor. He brought a new suit, made, of course, according to the latest court fashion. The tailor's apprentices, dancing, brought in an update and, without interrupting the dance, dressed Jourdain in it. At the same time, his wallet suffered greatly: the apprentices did not skimp on flattering "your grace", "your excellency" and even "lordship", and the extremely touched Jourdain - on tips.

In a new suit, Jourdain set out to stroll through the streets of Paris, but his wife resolutely opposed this intention - half the city was laughing at Jourdain without that. In general, in her opinion, it was time for him to change his mind and leave his silly quirks: why, one wonders, is Jourdain fencing if he does not intend to kill anyone? Why learn to dance when your legs are about to fail anyway?

Objecting to the woman’s senseless arguments, Jourdain tried to impress her and her servant with the fruits of his learning, but without much success: Nicole calmly uttered the sound "y", not even suspecting that she was pulling her lips and pulling her upper jaw closer to the lower one, and with a rapier she easily applied Jourdain had several injections, which he did not repel, since the unenlightened maid did not inject according to the rules.

For all the nonsense that her husband indulged in, Madame Jourdain blamed the noble gentlemen, who had recently begun to make friends with him. For the court dandies, Jourdain was an ordinary cash cow, he, in turn, was confident that friendship with them would give him significant - like them there - pre-ro-ha-tives.

One of such high society friends of Jourdain was Count Dorant. As soon as he entered the drawing-room, this aristocrat paid a few exquisite compliments to the new suit, and then briefly mentioned that this morning he had spoken of Jourdain in the royal bedchamber. Having prepared the ground in this manner, the count reminded him that he owed his friend fifteen thousand eight hundred livres, so that there was a direct reason for him to lend him another two thousand two hundred - for even counting. In gratitude for this and subsequent loans, Dorant took on the role of mediator in matters of heart between Jourdain and the subject of his worship, the Marquis Dorimene, for whose sake the dinner with the performance was started.

Madame Jourdain, so as not to get in the way, was sent to dinner with her sister that day. She did not know anything about her husband's plan, but she herself was preoccupied with the arrangement of her daughter's fate: Lucille seemed to reciprocate the tender feelings of a young man named Cleont, who, as a son-in-law, was very suitable for Madame Jourdain. At her request, Nicole, interested in the marriage of the young mistress, since she herself was going to marry Cleontes' servant, Koviel, brought the young man. Madame Jourdain immediately sent him to her husband to ask for the hand of her daughter.

However, Lucille Cleont did not answer the first and, in fact, the only requirement of Jourdain to the applicant for the hand - he was not a nobleman, while his father wanted to make his daughter, at worst, a marquise, or even a duchess. Having received a decisive refusal, Cleont was discouraged, but Koviel believed that all was not lost. The faithful servant decided to play a joke with Jourdain, since he had friends-actors, and the corresponding costumes were at hand.

In the meantime, the arrival of Count Dorant and the Marquise of Dorimena was announced. The count brought the lady to dinner not out of a desire to please the owner of the house: he himself had been courting the widow of the Marquis for a long time, but had no opportunity to see her either at her place or at his place - this could compromise Doremena. In addition, he deftly attributed to himself all the insane spending of Jourdain on gifts and various entertainment for her, which in the end won the woman's heart.

Having quite amused the noble guests with a pretentious awkward bow and the same welcoming speech, Jourdain invited them to a luxurious table.

The Marquise, not without pleasure, was devouring exquisite dishes to the accompaniment of exotic compliments from an eccentric bourgeois, when all splendor was unexpectedly disturbed by the appearance of an angry Madame Jourdain. Now she understood why they wanted to send her off to dinner at her sister's - so that hubby could calmly pass money off to strangers. Jourdain and Dorant began to assure her that the Count was giving the dinner in honor of the Marquise, and he was paying for everything, but their assurances in no way tempered the ardor of the offended wife. After her husband, Madame Jourdain took up a guest who should have been ashamed to bring discord into an honest family. The embarrassed and offended marquise got up from the table and left the hosts; Dorant followed her.

Only the noble gentlemen left when the new visitor was reported. It turned out to be a disguised Koviel, who introduced himself as a friend of Mr. Jourdain's father. The late father of the owner of the house was, in his words, not a merchant, as everyone around him said, but the most real nobleman. Koviel's calculation was justified: after such a statement, he could tell anything, without fear that Jourdain would doubt the veracity of his speeches.

Koviel told Jourdain that his good friend, the son of the Turkish Sultan, who was madly in love with his daughter, Jourdain, had arrived in Paris. The son of the Sultan wants to ask Lucille's hand, and in order for his father-in-law to be worthy of a new family, he decided to consecrate him to mamamushi, in our opinion, paladins. Jourdain was delighted.

The son of the Turkish Sultan was represented by the disguised Cleont. He spoke in terrible gibberish, which Koviel allegedly translated into French. With the main Turk arrived the appointed muftis and dervishes, who had a lot of fun during the initiation ceremony: it came out very colorful, with Turkish music, songs and dances, as well as ritual beating of the initiate with sticks.

Dorant, initiated into Koviel's plan, finally managed to persuade Dorimen to return, tempting him with the opportunity to enjoy a funny show, and then also an excellent ballet. The Count and the Marquis with the most serious air congratulated Jourdain on conferring the high title on him, and they were eager to hand over their daughter to the son of the Turkish Sultan as soon as possible. At first, Lucille did not want to go to any of the Turk jester, but as soon as she recognized him as Cleonte in disguise, she immediately agreed, pretending to dutifully fulfill her daughter's duty. Madame Jourdain, in turn, sternly declared that the Turkish scarecrow would not see her daughter as his own ears. But as soon as Koviel whispered a few words in her ear, the mother changed her anger to mercy.

Jourdain solemnly joined the hands of a boy and a girl, giving a parental blessing for their marriage, and then they sent for a notary. Another couple, Dorant and Dorimena, decided to use the services of the same notary. While waiting for the representative of the law, all those present had a wonderful time enjoying the ballet performed by the dance teacher.

Retold

Monsieur Jourdain is a philistine, but strives to become a noble nobleman. For this he studies, hires teachers of music, dance, philosophy, fencing. There is nothing wrong with the fact that a person wants to get an education. When we read scenes from Jourdain's studies, we see that the hero “does not understand anything,” but on the other hand, Jourdain wants to learn, even regrets that his parents did not give him a real education. Jourdain "would gladly allow himself to be unfastened here in front of everyone ... just to know everything that is taught in school."

How do Monsieur Jourdain's teachers relate to his desire to learn? Teachers know the real value of Monsieur Jourdain:

Music teacher. He really does not understand anything, but he pays well, and this is now the most important thing.

An understanding of art is in his wallet, and his praise is in gold pieces, and this ignorant philistine, as you can see, pays us much better.

That is, the main thing for teachers is that Jourdain has money, his wallet is an easy prey for them.

And what can teachers teach who care not about knowledge, but only about money? The sciences that teachers teach Jourdain are unlikely to be needed. I would not want to learn from teachers like Monsieur Jourdain.

The book of J.-B. Moliere "Bourgeois in the Nobility" was published in Moscow in 1977 by the publishing house "Lenizdat". While reading the book, I reread some passages several times, but in general everything was clear. "Bourgeois ..." - a comedy-ballet. I believe that the main idea in it ...

Madame Jourdain and the rest of the family oppose Jourdain. Madame Jourdain is a true philistine, quite content with her position. Possessing common sense, she does not complex before the nobility. She strives for one goal - to knock whim out of her husband's head, ...

One of the main directions in Moliere's comedies is ridicule of the rich bourgeois and criticism of the rapidly degraded aristocracy. So, in his work "Bourgeois in the nobility" he creates the image of the bourgeois Jourdain, who by all means ...

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In 1670 he wrote the comedy-ballet "Bourgeois in the Nobility" by Moliere. A summary and characteristics of the main characters of the work are presented in this article. Let's start with a quick summary.

Jourdain decides to become a nobleman

One gentleman, an honorary bourgeois, seems to have everything one could wish for - money, health, family. However, he took it into his head to become a noble lord. "What's the name of the main character?" - you ask. Monsieur Jourdain. It is he, the main character of the work, who begins the pursuit of aristocracy. To do this, he hires teachers, tailors, who must make him a nobleman. Moreover, each of them wants to cheat Jourdain, saying exorbitant compliments to his education, talent and taste.

Jourdain's lessons from the comedy "Bourgeois in the Nobility" (Moliere)

The summary of his studies is as follows. The author describes how Julien invites the audience to appreciate his extravagant robe. Of course, there is no limit to the admiration of teachers, because the amount of money received from him depends on what assessment to give to the owner's taste. Everyone invites Jourdain to do dancing and playing music - what noble gentlemen do. The dancer begins to teach the bourgeois minuet, and the musician insists on the need for weekly home concerts.

However, the graceful movements of the protagonist are interrupted by the fencing teacher. He says that it is his subject that is the science of sciences. The teachers, carried away by the argument, came to assault. The philosophy teacher, who came up a little later, tried, at the request of Jourdain, to reconcile the fighting. However, as soon as he advised everyone to take up philosophy - the most important of the sciences, he himself was embroiled in a fight.

The philosopher, pretty shabby, nevertheless began his lesson. However, the philistine refused to engage in logic and ethics. Then the teacher began to talk about pronunciation, and this caused Jourdain's childhood joy. His delight at the discovery of the fact that he speaks prose was truly great. An attempt to improve the text of the note addressed to the lady of the heart failed. The bourgeois decided to leave his version, considering it the best.

New costume and failed attempts to impress

The tailor who came was the most important of all sciences, and the philosopher was forced to retire. Jourdain had a new suit made in the latest fashion. Lavishly flavored with flattery ("Your Grace"), it drastically emptied Jourdain's wallet.

His sober-minded wife spoke out strongly against her husband's walk through the Parisian streets, since he had already become a laughing stock in the city without this. The effort to impress the maid and wife with the fruits of their training was unsuccessful. Nicole calmly said "y", and then, without any rules, pricked her master with a sword.

Count Dorant's visit

We continue to retell. "Bourgeois in the Nobility" - a work that further describes the visit of Count Dorant, the new "friend" of Jourdain. This is a liar and a squandered rogue. Entering the drawing-room, the count noticed that in the royal chambers he was talking about the owner of the house. Dorant has already borrowed 15,800 livres from a gullible bourgeois and has now come to borrow 2,000 more. In gratitude for this, he decides to arrange the amorous affairs of his "friend" with the Marquis Dorimena, the woman for whom the dinner party is being arranged.

Unsuccessful matchmaking and Koviel's idea

The tradesman's wife is worried about the fate of her daughter. The fact is that the girl's hands are asked by the young man Cleont, to whom Lucille reciprocates. Nicole (the maid) brings the groom to Jourdain. He sees his daughter as either a duchess or a marquise, therefore he refuses the young man. Cleont is in despair, but Koviel, his agile servant, who, by the way, claims to be Nicole's hand, volunteers to help his master. He is planning something that will lead the intractable tradesman to consent to marriage.

Pleasing the Marquise

Dorant and DORIMENA enter. The count brings the widowed marquise to the house of Jourdain not at all to please the gullible tradesman. He has been running after her for a long time, and the insane spending of the maddened Jourdain, which he ascribes to himself, plays into his hands.

The Marquise gladly sits down at a sumptuous table and eats exquisite dishes to the compliments of Jourdain, this strange man. The hostess of the house, who appears, breaks the magnificent atmosphere with her anger. The husband assures her that it is the Count who is giving lunch. However, Madame Jourdain does not believe her husband. Offended by the accusations made by the mistress of the house against her, Dorimena, and with her and Dorant, decide to leave the house.

Initiation into "mamamushi"

What then does Moliere talk about in the comedy "Bourgeois in the Nobility"? The summary will help you remember or learn about what happened after the departure of Dorimena and Dorant. A new guest appears in the house. This is a disguised Koviel. He tells that Jourdain's father was allegedly a real nobleman, and not a merchant. After this statement, he can safely hang noodles on the ears of a tradesman. Koviel tells that the son of the Turkish Sultan has arrived in the capital. Seeing Lucille, he was mad with love and certainly wants to marry this girl. However, before that, he longs to initiate his future father-in-law into "mamamushi" (Turkish nobleman).

Disguised as Cleont is the son of the Turkish Sultan. He speaks gibberish and Koviel translates it into French. This is accompanied by songs, dances, Turkish music. According to the ritual, the future "mamamushi" are beaten with sticks.

The final

What is the ending prepared for the reader of the work "Bourgeois in the Nobility" by Moliere? We will try to summarize it briefly, without missing the main thing. Dorimena and Dorant return to the house. They seriously congratulate the tradesman on the high title he has received. The "nobleman" wants to marry his daughter off to the son of the Turkish sultan as soon as possible. Having recognized the disguised lover in the Turk jester, Lucille humbly agrees to fulfill her father's will. Koviel in a whisper introduces Madame Jourdain to the heart of the matter, and after that she replaces anger with mercy. Father's blessing received. The messenger is sent for the notary. Dorimena and Dorant also decided to use his services. While waiting for the representative of the law necessary for registering marriages, guests watch a ballet, which was staged by a dance teacher.

The demands of the era and the innovation that Jean Baptiste Moliere carried out

"Bourgeois in the nobility" - a work that was written in the 17th century. This was an era that required the observance of the trinity of action, place and time. They were strictly followed by the classical literature of the time. In addition, genres were divided into "low" (comedy) and "high" (tragedy). Classical literature had to follow the following rule in portraying heroes: each of them fully illuminated one or another character trait (negative or positive), which was either ridiculed or elevated to virtue.

However, Moliere, observing in the main outlines the requirements of the era, stepped into realism. Departing from the examples of the classics of literature of that time, he, in the person of Jourdain, ridiculed the huge stratum of the rich bourgeois inhabiting the cities, who were eager to join the upper classes of society. In order to emphasize how ridiculous and funny these upstart who strive to get into someone else's sleigh are, the satirist created a comedy-ballet, a completely new genre. Like some other classics of literature (Pushkin, Gogol, etc.), he is an innovator of form.

Episode from the life of Louis XIV, which became the basis of the comedy

Moliere wrote "A Bourgeois in the Nobility" for Louis XIV, the French king, who was greatly hurt by the remark of the Turkish ambassador that the Sultan's horse was much more elegant and richer than the king's horse. Jourdain's mocking and stupid dedication to "mamamushi", the dancing of dancers disguised as Turks - all this evokes laughter at what vanity does to a person, what a fool it turns him into. It is especially ugly where there is hope for accumulated wealth. In fact, no capital will oust the nobility of the family and the born aristocracy from the first roles. This is what Moliere wanted to show ("Bourgeois in the Nobility"). The heroes depicted by him serve to reveal this thought.

The image of Jourdain

On his vain desire to break out into the nobility, not only false teachers are cashing in, who assure the protagonist of his success in training, but also Dorant, a cunning and selfish count who borrowed substantial sums from a bourgeoisie, blinded by his desire, and does not intend to return them. Jourdain, who believes that he must have a lady of the heart, gives the Marquise Dorimene a diamond through Doranta. Dorimena believes that this is a gift from the count. And it is to the Count that she attributes the ballet performance and the gourmet dinner.

In particular, this "philistine in the nobility" is ridiculous in the uncomfortable, but supposedly nobleman's costumes. The main characters laugh at him, but not only them: the servant, the teacher, and everyone around. The culmination is the initiation into "mamamushi", played by Koviel, a servant of Jourdain, disguised as a Turk. The newly made "mamamushi" cannot refuse "the son of the Turkish sultan" for joy. He consents to the marriage of his daughter, as well as the marriage of the servants.

The merchant, calculating and energetic, dexterous and clever, seemed to have lost all these qualities when he decided to get himself the nobility. We involuntarily feel sorry for him when he has to fight off ridicule and he explains that he is striving for the title for the sake of his daughter. Practically uneducated, who worked a lot in life, but did not have the opportunity to comprehend science, the bourgeoisie realized the squalor of his own life and decided to provide a better future for his daughter. This diligence, however, did not bring good either to her or to Jourdain himself. The girl almost parted with her lover. Vanity is a poor helper in the desire to improve your position in society.

Jourdain's wife

Jourdain's wife always evokes positive feedback from the reader. "Bourgeois in the nobility" is a work in which a true representative of the nobility is depicted in her face. She is a practical, sane woman with a sense of her own dignity. With all her strength, she tries to resist the mania of her husband. All her actions are aimed at driving out uninvited guests who live off Jourdain and use his vanity and credulity for their own purposes. Unlike her husband, she has no respect for the title of nobility and prefers to marry her daughter to a common man who would not look down on her philistine relatives.

Nobility in Comedy

The nobility in the comedy is represented by two characters: the Marquise Dorimena and Count Dorant. The latter has a captivating appearance, exquisite manners, and a noble origin. However, at the same time, he is a swindler, an impoverished adventurer, ready for any meanness for the sake of money, not excluding pandering. He calls Monsieur Jourdain a kind friend. This person is ready to praise his appearance, manners. Dorant "confesses" that he really wanted to see Jourdain. Then, having bribed him with gross flattery, he asks for a loan of more money. Acting as a subtle psychologist, Dorant notes that he would gladly be given a loan from many people, but he was afraid of offending Jourdain by asking someone else. This conversation is heard by the wife of a tradesman, therefore, the true reasons that gave rise to the strange friendship between Jourdain and Dorant are not revealed here. Alone with the tradesman, the count reports that the marquis treated his gift favorably. It immediately becomes clear that Jourdain is trying to be like a nobleman not only by his manner and manners, but also by his "passion" for the Marquis, trying to attract her attention with gifts. However, the count is also in love with Doremena and uses Jourdain's means, his gullibility and stupidity in order to gain the favor of the Marquis.

So, in general terms, the topic of interest to us is revealed. "Bourgeois in the nobility" is a work that can be analyzed in more detail. Based on the information provided and the original comedy, you can do it yourself. It is always interesting to discover the peculiarities of works of art.