The arrangement of the warm floor in the home of the soil requires a carefully planned approach. In most cases, the phased performance is required: at the first stage, the draft screed is poured and its aging is waiting, the remaining layers are placed in the second stage.

Construction for a private house

Neglecting this rule can cause negative consequences. This is explained by the constant movement of the soil and, accordingly, all the above layers. Adjustments can be observed even on a flattened and rammed soil, which has long been lying without load for a long time.

After laying a cake of a warm floor, which has a rather impressive mass, cracks are for drawings. The most negative consequence can be a rush of elements of a warm floor, that is, all costs for its arrangement will be in vain.

The device of warm water floor on the soil

At the first stage, determine the level to which the ground is carried out. It is necessary to remove the upper fertile layer in any case, as the plant residues have a degraded property and smell unpleasantly. Regardless of whether the draft floor is filled or not, the top layer of the soil should be removed.

In addition, the fertile layer is less dense due to the presence of living beings and microorganisms in it, therefore, under the severity of the layers of water underfloor, it will begin to see. As a result, the overlying layers will again suffer.

The height of the patter on the ground can be more than 20 cm, so the countdown must begin from the mark, where the purple floor will be held. In this place they put the appropriate label and count the necessary depth. At the same time, it is better to mark the level of each layer so that in the process of arrangement it was easier to navigate.

Step by step guide

For high-quality execution of the process, it is necessary to strictly follow the rules of the warm-alone device on the soil:

• Remove the upper fertile layer, remove large garbage and stones. Level and tamper the bottom of the resulting pit. It will be the basis for stacked layers, so the level is best to check with a level.
• Next, we fall asleep the sand layer, and any sand is suitable for skewlings. It needs to be good to ravibly and align in terms of level.
• The next layer in the composition of the warm floor with water heating is clayjit or crushed stone. However, it should be remembered that rubble is characterized by less thermal conductivity. Stones are better to take a small or medium size. It is necessary to compact for a long time until the surface becomes almost monolithic.
• Now it came to the prior turn, for the manufacture of which you can use two options. In the first case, sand and crushed stone spill a liquid solution from sand and cement in a 2: 1 ratio. In the second case, a rough screed is poured with a thickness of 5-7 cm with styling reinforcing grid. This option is considered to be more reliable that can withstand substantial loads.
• After setting the screed and frozen of the concrete solution, we switch to the laying of the waterproofing layer. In most cases, there is a polyethylene film with a thickness of 200 microns, laid in two layers.
• Plates of polystyrene plates are laid on the waterproofing, the joints of the joints are definitely sampled to prevent the solution of the solution.
• From above, it is necessary to lay metallized waterproofing.
• Then begin to install the "warm floor" system. Installing fasteners, cable and heating tubes are paved.
• The entire design of the warm floor on the ground is poured with a reinforced tie of the warm floor.

Before making a warm floor in a private house, you need to take into account all the nuances. The thickness of each layer is determined by the climatic conditions of the region, for a colder area requires thick layers of cake, for the southern regions, the layers may have a thickness of 2 to 5 cm. Careful sealing and alignment of the layers is the key to a better and durable floor. For the tamping of the layers of a warm floor on the soil, you can use manual devices with your own hands, but the mechanized process allows you to achieve maximum efficiency.

Special attention deserves thermal insulation material. When solving the issue, how to make a warm floor on the soil, it is recommended to use polystyrene plates with a density above 35 kg / m 3. The thickness of the heat-insulating layer is also determined by the climatic conditions of the area. In the northern regions, thermal insulation is placed in a thickness of 10 cm. In this case, the laying can be carried out in two layers with overlapping of the sutures of the lower row of the upper plates. The joints of the slabs are definitely sinking with scotch.

A fairly important point in the scheme of arranging water heat is waterproofing and thermal insulation of the foundation. It is assumed to be processed by waterproofing material of the base surface before the start of all works. In addition, the perimeter is recommended to put polystyrene foam plates that will be an obstacle to cold air inside.

How to make a warm floor on the soil at a high level of groundwater

With a high level of groundwater, it is necessary not only to position the layers of the warm floor. It is very important to organize the lead from the foundation.

For floors on the ground with a warm water floor, the level of which is located below the passage of groundwater, it is necessary to equip drainage. In this case, below the floor level is at least 30 cm make a drainage system. On the bottom, river sand or free soil in a mixture with rubble.

The material is poured in layers in no more than 10 cm, each layer is abundantly wetted with water and thoroughly tamper. In most cases, there are enough three layers, but if necessary, you can fall asleep more. Over sand or soil lays geological textiles, which prevents the penetration of water to the layers of the warm floor. Geotextile is a modern material characterized by high tensile strength, damage to rodents. In addition, it is able to compensate for mechanical loads that will be provided on the warm floor of the ground in a private house.

Features of the floor layers

You can also not forget about the foundation, it can be treated with bitumen mastic or other waterproofing materials and impregnations. For thermal insulation along the internal perimeter, polystyrene foam plates are placed.

Further apply according to the scheme of the usual installation of water warm floor on the soil. Sand and rubble layers fall asleep and pour a rough screed. It is better not to use a variant with a liquid solution of sand and cement. A more reliable is considered reinforced black screed.

For waterproofing at a high arrangement of groundwater, the polyethylene film is recommended to be replaced by waterproof materials or polymer membranes. The cost of these materials is greater, but reliability and quality are at a high level.

Then laying the heat insulating material and metallized hydrocker. The "Warm floor" system is mounted according to the instructions. Over the placing the metal reinforcing grid and the entire design is poured with a concrete tie.

The completion of all works is the installation of the finishing floor covering.

The warm floor of the soil can be called a complex design, to the arrangement of which it is necessary to approach very responsible. For greater reliability, it is necessary to pour a draft screed, as a last resort, it is carefully tumped by all layers.

Floor Device Schemes on the ground in the house, basement, garage or bath

In houses without basements, the floor of the first floor can be performed in two schemes:

• with a support for the soil - with a screed on the ground or on the lags;
• with a support on the walls - as overlapping over the ventilated underground.

Which of the two options will be better and easier?

In the houses without basement floors on the ground - this is a popular solution for all rooms of the first floor. Floor floors - cheap, simple and easy to perform, also advantageous to organize in the basement, garage, bath and in other economic premises. Simple design, applying modern materials, placement in the heating circuit floor (warm floor), make such floors comfortable and attractive in price.

In winter, the fridge under the floor always has a positive temperature. For this reason, the ground at the base of the foundation is less freezing - the risk of frosty powder is reduced. In addition, the thickness of the thermal insulation of the floor on the ground may be less than that of the floor over the ventilated underground.

From the floor on the ground it is better to refuse if the swelling is required to be ground for too much height, more than 0.6-1 m.. Failure costs and soil sealing in this case may be too large.

The floor is not suitable for both buildings on the pile or a column foundation with a painter, which is located above the surface of the Earth.

Three fundamental schemes of the device in the soil

In the first variant Concrete monolithic reinforced floor plate relies on the bearing walls, Fig.1.

After concrete hardening, the entire load is transmitted to the walls. In this embodiment, the monolithic reinforced concrete plate of the floor performs the role of the ceiling plate and should be calculated on the regulatory load of overlaps, have appropriate strength and reinforcement.

The soil is actually used here only as a temporary formwork when the overlapping reinforced concrete plate is. Such a floor is often called the "suspended floor of the soil."

Suspended Paul in the soil have to do if the risk of soil shrinkage under the floor is great. For example, in the construction of a house on peatlands or with a height of bulk soil more than 600 mM.. The thicker layer of frustration, the higher the risk over time a significant drawdown of bulk soil.

Second option - This is the floor of the foundation - the stove, when the reinforced concrete monolithic plate, filled to the ground throughout the building area, serves as a support for the walls and the base for the floor, Fig.2.

Third option it includes the device of a monolithic concrete slab or styling of wooden lags in the intervals between carrier walls with a support on a bulk ground.

Here, the plate or lags of the floor are not associated with the walls.The floor load is fully transmitted on bulk ground, Fig.3.

It is the last option to correctly call the floor on the soil, which will go about our story.

Floor floors must provide:

• thermal insulation of rooms from power saving conditions;
• comfortable hygienic conditions for people;
• protection against penetration inside the premises of soil moisture and gases - radioactive radon;
• prevent the accumulation of condensate water vapor inside the floor design;
• reduce shock noise transmission into neighboring buildings in building construction.

Floating ground floor cushion

The surface of the future floor rises to the required height by the device of a pillow of non-empty soil.

Before the start of work on the sweating of the soil, be sure to remove the top soil layer with vegetation. If this is not done, then the floor will begin to settle with time.

As a material for a cushion device, any soil can be used, easy to seal: sand, fine crushed stone, sand-gravel mixture, and with a low groundwater - sandy and loam. It is advantageous to use the soil remaining on the site from, well and (except peat and chernozem).

Pillow soil is carefully compacted by layers (not thicker 15 cm.) Tamping with soil spray with water. The degree of sealing of the soil will be higher if applying a mechanical traam.

Do not put a large crushed stone in the pillow, broken brick, pieces of concrete. Between large fragments will still remain emptiness.

The thickness of the pillow from the bulk soil is recommended to do within 300-600 mM.. Sealing the bulk soil to the state of natural soil still fails. Therefore, the soil will give a precipitate with time. The thick layer of bulk soil can lead to too large and uneven floor sediment.

To protect against ground gases - radioactive radon, in the pillow it is recommended to make a layer of the rammed rubble or clay. This underlying capplement layer makes a thickness of 20 cm. The content of particles of less than 4 mM. This layer should be no more than 10% by weight. The filtration layer must be ventilated.

The top layer of clay, except for protection against gases, will serve as additional heat insulation for the floor. For example, a layer of ceramisite thickness 18 cm. heat-saving capacity corresponds to 50 mM.. Polyfoam. To protect the insulation plate plates and waterproofing films, which in some gender structures are placed directly on the backbone, on top of the sealing layer of crushed stone or clamzite, the aligning layer of sand is poured, greater than the thickness of the snowflow fraction twice.

Prior to the start of the dumping of the ground pillow, it is necessary to perform the laying of water pipes and sewage pipes to the house, as well as the tubes of the soil heat exchanger ventilation. Or put cases for mounting in them pipes in the future.

The structure of floors

In a private house-building, the floor is suitable for one of the three options:

• paul in soil with concrete tie;
• paul in soil with dry team;
• paul in soil on wooden lags.

Concrete floor on the ground is noticeably more expensive in the device, but more reliable and durable than other designs.

Concrete floor

Floor floors are a multilayer design, Fig.4. Let's go through these layers from the bottom up:

1. On the ground pillow stacked material preventive filtering into the groundmoisturecontained infreshly laid concrete (for example, a polyethylene film with a thickness of at least 0.15 mM..). Film rolls on the walls.
2. Around the perimeter of the walls of the room, on the overall height of all layers of the floor are fixed separating edge layer From strips thick 20 - 30 mM.sliced \u200b\u200bfrom insulation slabs.
3. Then arrange monolithic pole concrete training 50-80 thick mm. from skinny concrete class B7.5-B10 on the rubble fraction 5-20 mm. This is a technological layer intended for waterproofing stickers. Radius of concrete adjoining to walls 50-80 mM.. Concrete preparation can be reinforced with a steel or fiberglass grid. The grid is stacked into the lower part of the plate with a protective layer of concrete at least 30 mM.. For reinforcement of concrete grounds may alsoused steel fiber 50-80 length mM. and a diameter of 0.3-1mM.. At the time of hardening, the concrete is covered with a film or water water. Read:
4. On hardened concrete training the weld waterproofing is pasted.Or fit on mastic two layers of rolled waterproofing or roofing material on a bitumen basis with the institution of each layer on the wall. Rolls roll and joined the adolescent 10 cm. Waterproofing is a barrier for moisture, and also serves as protection against penetration into the house of ground gases. The floor waterproofing layer should be mounted with a similar layer of water waterproofing. The butt joints of film or rolled materials should be sealed.
5. On a layer of hydraulic insulation place the plates of thermal insulation. Extruded expanded polystyrene will, perhaps, the best option for floor insulation on the ground. The polyfoam is also used, the density of the minimum PSB35 (residential premises) and the PSB50 at large loads (garage). The foam in time is destroyed when contacting with bitumen and alkali (these are all cement-sand solutions). Therefore, before laying foam plastic on a polymer-bituminous coating, one layer of polyethylene film with the adhesive sheets of 100-150 should be paved. mM.. The thickness of the insulation layer is determined by the heat engineering calculation.
6. On a layer of thermal insulation lay the underlying layer (for example, a polyethylene film with a thickness of at least 0.15 mM..), Which creates a barrier for moisture contained in the freshly owned concrete of the floor screed.
7. Then placing a monolithic reinforced tie With the "Warm floor" system (or without a system). When heating floors, it is necessary to provide temperature seams in the screed. The monolithic screed must be a thickness of at least 60 mM.. performed from class concrete not lower than B12.5 or from a solutionbased on cement or gypsum binder with compressive strength not lower than 15 MPa (M150 kgf / cm 2). The screed is reinforced with a welded steel grid. The grid is placed in the lower part of the layer. Read: . For a more thorough alignment of the surface of the concrete screed, especially if the finishing floor is made from laminate or linoleum, a self-leveling solution of dry mixtures of the factory manufacture of at least 3 is applied over the layer of concrete. cm.
8. On the screed mount the finishing floor.

This is a classic floor of the soil. On its basis, various versions are possible - both in design and used materials, both with insulation, and without.

Option - concrete floor by soil without concrete training

Applying modern building materials concrete floor on the soil often make without a layer of concrete training. The layer of concrete preparation is needed as a base for the sticker of rolled waterproofing on a paper or tissue basis, impregnated with polymer-bitumen composition.

In floors without concrete training As waterproofing, the polymer membrane specially intended for this is used, the profiled film, which is placed directly to the ground pillow.

The profiled membrane is a high-density polyethylene web (PVP) with a protrusion molded on the surface (usually spherical or in the shape of a truncated cone) height from 7 to 20 mm. Product material with a density of 400 to 1000 g / m 2 and comes in rolls width from 0.5 to 3.0 m., 20 long m.

Due to the textured surface, the profiled membrane is reliably fixed into the sandy base, not deforming and not moving during the installation process.

The recorded membrane fixed into the sandy base ensures a solid surface suitable for laying thermal insulation and concrete.

The surface of the membrane withstands without breaks, the movement of workers and machines for transporting concrete mixtures and solutions (excluding the car on the tracked go).

The service life of the profiled membrane is more than 60 years.

The profiled membrane stacked on a well-compacted sandy pillow with spikes down. The spikes of the membrane are fixed in the pillow.

The seams between the rolls laid with the mustache are carefully sampled by mastic.

The studed surface of the membrane gives it the necessary rigidity, which allows you to lay the insulation slabs directly on it and concrete the floor screed.

If the thermal insulation layer device uses plates from extruded polystyrene foam with profiled connection of the joints, then such plates can be put directly on the ground filling.

Running from rubble or gravel with a thickness of at least 10 cm Neutralizes the capillary lifting moisture from the soil.

The polymer waterproofing film in this embodiment is placed on top of the insulation layer.

If the upper layer of the ground pillow squeeze out of the clay, then you can abandon the layer of insulation under the tie.

The thermal insulation properties of the ceramisitis depend on its bulk density. Ceramizite with bulk density 250-300 kg / m 3 Enough to perform heat insulating layer thick 25 cm. Ceramzit with bulk density 400-500 kg / m 3To achieve the same thermal insulation capacity, you will have to lay a layer with a thickness of 45 cm. Ceramzite is poured with layers thick 15 cm and compacted with a manual or mechanical tamper. Multi-expatient ceramzite, which contains granules of different sizes is lighted easier.

Ceramzite is quite easily saturated with moisture from the underlying soil. In wet clay, thermal insulation properties are reduced. For this reason, it is recommended to arrange a barrier for moisture between the ground base and layer of the ceramisite. Such a barrier can serve a thick waterproofing film.

Ceramzitobetone is a coenproof without sand capsuated. Each granule of ceramzite is concluded in a cement waterproof capsule.

Sturdy, warm and low water absorption will be the base for the floor, made of a large-pore without a sandy ceramzite concrete.

Paul in soil with dry team tie

In the floors on the ground as the upper carrier layer, instead of a concrete screed, in some cases, it is advantageous to make the dry team of gypsum fiber sheets, from the sheets of waterproof plywood, as well as from the elements of the factory readiness of different manufacturers.

For residential premises of the first floor at home simple and cheap option There will be a device of the floor on the ground with a dry team tie, Fig.5.

Paul with a bandwidth is afraid of flooding. Therefore, it should not be done in the basement, as well as in wet premises - bathroom, boiler room.

Paul on the soil with the team of the tie consists of the following elements (positions in Fig. 5):

1 - Sexual coating - parquet, laminate or linoleum.

2 - glue for the jacks of parquet and laminate.

3 - Standard substrate under floor covering.

4 - team screed from finished elements or gypsum fiber sheets, plywood, chipboard, OSP.

5 - glue for assembling screed.

6 - leveling frustration - quartz or clay sand.

7 - Tube of communications (water supply, heating, electrical wiring, etc.).

8 - insulation tube with porous fibrous mats or polyethylene sleeves.

9 - Protective metal casing.

10 - Dowel Scroll.

11 - Waterproofing - Polyethylene film.

12 - concrete reinforced base of concrete class B15.

13 - ground ground.

The floor adjustment device to the outer wall is shown in Fig. 6.

Positions in Fig. 6 are as follows:
1-2. Varnish parquet, parquet, or laminate or linoleum.
3-4. Glue and primer for parquet, or standard substrate.
5. Collection of ready-made elements or drying sheets, plywood, chipboard, osp.
6. Water-dispersion glue for screed assembly.
7. Moisture insulation - polyethylene film.
8. Quartz sand.
9. Concrete base - reinforced concrete screed class B15.
10. Laying separation from waterproofing rolled material.
11. Thermal insulation of PSB 35 foam or extruded polystyrene foam, consuming thickness.
12. Ground ground.
13. Plinth.
14. Self-tapping screw.
15. Wall outdoor.

As mentioned above, the primary pillow at the base of the floor always has a positive temperature and itself has certain thermal insulating properties. In many cases, it is enough to additionally put the insulation of the strip along the outer walls (pos.11 in Fig. 6.) to obtain the required parameters of heat insulation for the floor without floor heating (without warm floors).

Floor insulation thickness on ground

Fig.7. Mandatory in the floor, along the perimeter of the outer walls, laid the insulation with a ribbon, a width of at least 0.8 m.Outside, insulate the foundation (basement) to depth to 1 m.

The temperature of the soil under the floor, in the adjunct zone to the base around the perimeter of the outer walls, sufficiently depends on the outdoor temperature. In this zone, a cold bridge is formed. In the floor, the soil and the base heat leaves the house.

The temperature of the soil closer to the center of the house is always positive and only depends on the temperature on the street. The soil is heated by the heat of the Earth.

Construction rules prescribe necessarily to warm the zone through which heat goes out. For this, it is recommended to arrange heat shield at two stages (Fig. 7):

1. Warm outside the base and the foundation of the house at a depth of at least 1.0 m.
2. Laying the layer of horizontal insulation in the floor design around the perimeter of the outer walls. Width of the tape of the insulation along the outer walls of at least 0, 8 m. (pos.11 in Fig. 6).

The thermal insulation thickness is calculated from the condition that the overall heat transfer resistance in the floor section is the ground - base, there must be no less than the same parameter for the outer wall.

Simply put, the total thickness of the insulation tape plus the floor should be no less than the thickness of the insulation of the outer wall. For a climatic zone in the area of \u200b\u200bMoscow, the total thickness of the insulation from the foam of at least 150 mm. For example, vertical thermal insulation on the base of 100 mm., Plus 50. mm. Horizontal tape in the floor around the perimeter of the outer walls.

When choosing the size of the heat insulation layer, also take into account the fact that the insulation of the foundation helps to reduce the depth of the primer of the soil under its sole.

These are the minimum requirements for the insulation of sex on the soil. It is clear that the larger the size of the heat-insulating layer, the higher the effect of energy saving.

Lay thermal insulation under the entire floor For energy conservation purposes, it is necessary only in the case of a device in the premises of warm floors or the construction of a power-premissive home.

In addition, the solid layer of thermal insulation in the floor of the room is useful and necessary to improve the parameter the heat of the surface of the floor covering. The heat of the floor surface is the property of the floor surface to absorb heat in contact with any objects (for example, feet feet). This is especially important if the finishing floor is made from ceramic or stone tiles, or other material with high thermal conductivity. Such a floor with insulation will be felt like a warmer.

The inspection indicator of the floor surface for residential buildings should not be higher than 12 W / (m 2 · ° С). Calculator for calculating this indicator can be found

Wooden floor on the ground on the lags on a concrete tie

Class B Substate Plate 12.5 Thick 80 mm. By layer of rubble, rammed into the ground to a depth of at least 40 mm.

Wooden bars - lags with a minimum, width 80 mm. and height 40. mm., It is recommended to lay on the waterproofing layer in 400-500 mm. For vertical leveling, they are placed on plastic linings in the form of two triangular wedges. By shifting or sliding lining adjusts the height of the location of the lag. The span between the adjacent points of the Lag is not more than 900 mm. Between the lags and the walls, it is possible to leave a gap width of 20-30 mm.

Lags lie freely without fastening to the base. At the time of installation of the draft floor, they can be copped with temporal connections.

For the device of the draft floor, wood plates are usually used - OSP, chipboard, CSP. Plate thickness at least 24 mm. All joints of the plates must necessarily rely on the lags. Under the joints of the slabs between adjacent lags install wooden jumpers.

A draft floor can be made of a tipped floorboard. Such a high-quality board can be operated without flooring. The permissible moisture content of the wood of floor materials is 12-18%.

In the space between lags, if necessary, you can set the insulation. Mineral wool plates must be closed with a vapor-permeable film that prevents insulation microparticle penetration into the room.

Rolled waterproofing from bitumen or bitumen-polymeric materials stick in two layers On the concrete underlying layer by the method of swelling (for the filtered roll materials) or a sticker on bitumen-polymer mastic. When the device of inlet waterproofing should be ensured by the longitudinal and transverse filament of the clouds of at least 85 mm.

To carry out the underground floorspace of floors on the lags, the gaps in the plinths should be provided in the premises. At least two opposite corners of the room leave holes of 20-30 cM 2. .

Wooden floor on the ground on the lags on the columns

There is another structural scheme of the floor - this wooden floor on the soil on the lags,laid on columns, Fig.5.

Positions in Fig. 5:
1-4 - elements of the first floor.
5 —
6-7 - glue and screws for assembling screed.
8 - lag wooden.
9 - Wooden solving gasket.
10 - waterproofing.
11 - Brick or concrete column.
12 - ground ground.

The flooring device on the lags across the columns allows you to reduce the height of the ground pillow or to abandon its device at all.

Floors, soils and foundations

Floor floors are not related to the foundation and rely directly to the ground under the house. If the punching, the floor in winter and the spring can "thread" under the action of forces.

So that this does not happen, the pumped soil under the house must be made not bother. The easiest way to do this, and the underground part

The design of the pile foundations on the burbilic (incl. TISE) and screw piles involves a cold basement device. The insulation of the soil under the house with such foundations, the task is quite problematic and expensive. The floors on the ground in the house on the pile foundation can be recommended only with non-bunched or weakly bunched soils on the plot.

When building a house on bubbly soils, the underground part of the foundation is necessary and the underground part of the foundation at a depth of 0.5 - 1 m.

In a house with outdoor multi-layer walls with insulation outside, a cold bridge is formed through the base and the carrier part of the wall into the wall and floor insulation.

One of the most important aspects of repair and construction is the arrangement of floors. In a private house, this problem is sharper. It is often necessary to design a warm floor of the soil - in demand, a popular solution to the issue. After all, he keeps warm well, creates comfort, sometimes replaces heating. To arrange such a coating, it is necessary to strictly implement the conditions of SNiP, the installation rules, which is associated with the soil shrinkage.

Laying system "Warm floor"

Warm floor on the ground - what is it?

The warm floor is similar to a multi-layer pie, which necessarily contains thermal insulation. The design of the floor on the ground is made in two stages: in the lower layers, a rough screed is poured, and after its aging laid the rest of the interlayer.

The point is in the ground - it has the properties of Labor. Even when he was blind, the rammed, still after laying the "cake" of warm sexes occur, and the elements of the floor can occur. Therefore, first according to the rules make a rough screed, then they laid a warm floor.

Heated floor cake diagram on sand

Sometimes heated design is made without the first screed - the warm floor is placed on the sand. This can be done if you install two reinforcing frames: one under the heat insulator, the other in the screed - you need to carefully tumble the layers of sand, crushed stone, soil.

The device of heated floor in the building depends on the soil indicators that must comply with the standards. Underground waters should be no more than 600 cm from the soil layer. It is required so that the soil has low raffleness indicators, airiness. Construction is prohibited on chernozem soils, sandstones.

It is important to take into account the load that acts on the basis. Installation of the floor provides the following:

1. Heat insulation.
2. Protection against flooding with groundwater.
3. Elimination of external sounds.
4. Protection against water vapor inwards.
5. Prevent cracking.
6. Providing comfort to residents.

The composition of the floor system cake

For rooms, rooms with an area of \u200b\u200b20 square meters. m use electric, water heating of floors. For small rooms (bathroom), electrical heating is more suitable.

Attention! When arranging and choosing a type of warm floor, it should be remembered that a boiler, a collector and much more required for water heating. To connect a warm floor system into the central heating system, special permissions are needed, since the installation in an existing system can lead to its incorrect work.

The structure of the "cake" of the floor on the ground

By design, the warm floor of the soil consists of several layers, the installation of each is carried out in stages. Despite several methods of laying design, there are general rules that are performed anyway:

• Prior to the start of laying the first layer of cake, it is required to prepare the soil: cleanse from garbage, different items, herbal cover, align the surface.
• Good rammed sand - 15 cm. To seal the soil use vibrating plates. Sand trambed wet way.
• The gravel gravel (gravel) is 8-15 cm. It does not give the ability to rise underground waters. Metal grid that strengthens the screed. A rough concrete screed - 150 mm - with a compensation distance between zones. In the intervals there is a damper tape.
• Waterproofing layer to prevent absorption of moisture concrete. It is made of film, membranes. Material places mustache, fastening the scotch. Bitumen-rubber mastic is also suitable.
• Insulating layer. This use foamed polystyrene foam, foil polystyrene. At high loads apply plates. The thickness depends on climate conditions in the region.
• Waterproofing from the film, rubberoid is carried out in 1-2 layers.
• Installation of floor pipes, finishing screed with a total thickness of 10 cm with mandatory reinforcement. A water circuit is fixed to the grid.
• Decorative flooring.

The entire process of the device of the layers of the technology cake can occupy up to 1.5 months.

Advantages, disadvantages of heated floor

The floor heating system has its advantages:

1. Reliably protects from the cold. After all, the ground under the floor has a positive temperature.
2. Choose any insulation.
3. For waterproofing fits, rubberoid fits.
4. The floor is discharged by any coating.
5. With the arrangement, the entire load is directed to the ground, so the calculations are not required. If the load is increased, the thickness of the cake increases.
6. The design uses changes, for example, to make thermal insulation thicker.
7. The warm floor is used as the main, additional, heating. Such floors are quickly warmed, distribute the temperature evenly, which eliminates the occurrence of drafts.
8. The floors have good sound insulation.
9. Protect from the formation of mold, fungi, other microorganisms.

Arrangement of the heating system of the floor during the construction of the house

Despite the large number of advantages, negative sides should be noted. Such a floor reduces the height of the room, when the system breakdowns, the repair will be expensive, complex, necessarily the location of groundwater is taken into account, the process of arranging the system on the ground takes a long time (it is desirable to stack during the construction of the house).

• The warm floor of the soil in a private house can be equipped independently, having studied all the technology of processes. First determine, to what level it is necessary to remove the soil.

Attention! The soil is removed necessarily - it will decompose, "smell" if it is not removed. Moreover, the upper layer is very loose and will settle.

• Regardless of whether the draft floor will be stacked, the soil is cleaned. The lower layers are dense, since there are no microorganisms there, and have a larger load.
• The thickness of the heated floor may be a thickness of 20 cm or more. Therefore, the markup starts from the zero level, i.e., where the finishing floor is. Make it mark and believe how deeply go down. It is advisable to note the thickness of each layer.
• The dense layer of the soil should be carefully aligned, ravibly, check its evenness in level. After all, this is the basis of the following materials. Sand after thorough tamping is also leveling in terms of level. Layer of clay, rubble is sealing to the state of monolith.
• The first screed is made by two options: rubble with sand is poured with liquid cement-sandy solution, poured the screed with a thickness of up to 150 mm. For reinforcing the screed use a reinforcing mesh or metal wire. Paul reliable, it withstands heavy loads.
• The joints of the polystyrene foam plates are squeezed with scotch so that the solution does not proceed.

Heat insulation for a warm floor - a key point

• Plates are used above 35 kg / cube. meter. For cold regions, its thickness can be more than 10 centimeters. When the thickness of the layer of thermal insulation is large, then there are two layers. Moreover, the joints 1 layer overlap 2 layers with plates.

Options for mounting the heated floor cake

Laying is carried out in several ways - the choice depends on the groundwater running, the type of heating system, loads, other factors.

The cake of the floor has a main layer - a concrete black floor (it is considered the main one). There is a variant when the concrete layer changes to a sandy pillow with a thickness of 150 mm. All works and the sequence of their execution does not change. However, to align the sandy pillow is much more complicated.

Depending on the insulation

The cake variant changes from the selected insulation. For example, when choosing expanded polystyrene, the laying is carried out like this:

1. Layer rubble - 300 mm.
2. Concrete screed - 150 mm.
3. Waterproofing.
4. Polyurethan.
5. Clean screed with reinforcement with steel grid.

When using mineral wool slabs, which are considered durable, resistant to deformations, they are placed in two layers. To reduce the absorption of moisture, the plates are treated with water-repellent solution.

With high groundwater location

Floor Pie with Drainage

When the journered waters are close, then compliance with the sequence of the layers is not enough - it is necessary to take water. If the patter of the warm floor on the soil is laid below the level of soil water, then it is necessary to make drainage.

Therefore, at least 30 cm below the required level make a removal system. Used river sand, other breeds, for example, aged soil mixed with rubble.

Important! For the device of the drainage system, peat breeds of soil, chernozem cannot be used.

The selected material is poured with layers of 100 mm, which are tamped, spilled water. Make three layers, geotextiles laid on the rammed material. It skips water without mixing with different materials. It has increased strength, not damaged by insects, animals, aligns the load.

Waterproofing is carried out with bitumen mastic (other material), thermal insulation around the perimeter of the floor foundation with polystyrene foam plates. For reliability make the main screed, the membranes are waterproofing. Next lay the remaining layers: heat insulator, fasteners, pipes. Flipped with a screed, facial coverings.

A warm floor of a private house is an excellent option that saves time, reduces costs. The competent arrangement of the "cake" of the heated floor provides heat, home comfort for a long time.

Multi-layered "Pie" system "Warm floor" on the sand:

Elenarudenkaya (Expert BuilderClub)

Good afternoon, shallow.

I will start in order to answer questions:

1. You can make floors on the ground. Warning inside the house can not be. Of course, you do not specify the damagers of the foundation and the plans do not attach, but I can and so to say that the freezing there will definitely be there. Floors are inside the construction. Even in the basement under the house there will be a plus temperature. But of course the floors and the base will need to warm in all the rules so that there is no heat loss. It is necessary to make and water insulation of the floor on the soil. Make such a level of sex as you need, there are no contraindications here.

2. Ideally, all these submits to make sand, as it practically does not give a shrinkage if it is rambling. If the soil has already compressed and scrap is broken, then it is enough to pass it with a manual tamper from above, not to retrain the same. If this soil clay, then it would be nice to drive a large crushed stone into clap, it is to drive and get a global base under the floor. This is a very dense base and good preparation for the tie. Any layers of soil or underfers usually tram every 10 cm. Since you have already poured, now the trambrel is just on top. And you do not specify which thickness layer is not trash. Specify this moment? The locks can be squeezed up a large thickness, but for the very tie, it is still better to plunge sand or rubble, make it so to speak, preparation. Again, there would be a good photo of this fruit in the soil, one could say something more. But according to your words, I understand that there is most likely clay. What kind of soil fell although?

Photo of manual traaming:

3. I would recommend you to make a submission of 5-10 cm. First, it lines all irregularities and pits. Secondly, it is not bad for a concrete black screed, you will uncomfortable to pour the screed on the ground and vibrate it. And if there is a small layer, it can be safe to vibrate vibrating. But this layer is absolutely optional, preferably squeeze sand. See yourself. Polyethylene film is needed fat and preferably in 2 layers (film technical polyethylene sleeve secondary PVD (1500x120MKN X100M)). Look at the prom.yu, I saw her there. You can use the old runneroid or only. It is preferably a little 10 cm in the wall, there will still be a fuel from waterproofing (rubberoid). When you have been settled, too, the nestling of layers of 5 cm and stuck with scotch. It is not worth fixing, just pour over, it will affect how it is necessary.

After the base base is prepared for the filling of the screed, you can start the installation of beacons. Lighthouses are needed as guides for which the horizontal of the plane and the surface of the screed is aligned. If in the draft it is still somehow without them, then with the pure it is necessary to raise the reinforcing mesh from the lower edge and leveling the floor level.

4. The rough screed consists of concrete, as this is a carrier part and it acts as a certain overlap plate. Therefore, concrete brands are enough M150. For the manufacture of concrete M150, one part of cement is used, 3.5 parts of sand, and 5.7 parts of the aggregate (crushed stone). If you yourself are going to prepare the mixture, then you need to purchase river sand ( cement-sand screed) and rubble fraction 5-10 ( concrete screed), as well as cement M300 or M400.

Floor layers will be such:

1. Rocking, you can not do, although I would leave sand.

2. Film so that cement milk has not flowed, it delays partly milk, but this is usually enough for concreting. To break, they will not break, it is dense polyethylene. If you even have small holes, you put it in 2 layers.

3. Circuit screed 7-10 cm without reinforcement from concrete M150. It dries and dials strength for 7 days by 70%, that is, after 7 days, you can walk and carry out the next stage of work.

4. Waterproofing Ruberoid, preferably in 2 layers, because the crushed stone protracted can damage 1 layer, and 2 sufficient. The layer of waterproofing is stacked with an approximately 10 cm on the wall. On the entire perimeter of the floor on the wall, the damper tape is fixed. It will allow you to compensate for the thermal expansion of the floor when heated. As a result, it is possible to cut the excess waterproofing and damping tape. This applies to the 5th question.

5. Polyfoam or Epps with a thickness of 50 mm, strength of 35 kg / cubic meters. It is not fixed, only sick with a scotch not moving. Ideally, this is of course Epps with locks, but usually it is more expensive than foam. It is simply unfolded carefully around the floor and then neatly the pure screed is taken. You can walk on it, but also very neat. On the insulation, put the reinforcing grid.

6. Pure screed with a warm floor and reinforcement of a mesh (in maps or rolls) with a wire diameter of 3-6 mm, with a cell 100x100 mm, a total of 100 mm during a rolling. In your case, the grid places directly to the floor and fill with an intermediate thin screed, the thickness of which is 2-3 cm. It is necessary that the thin screed scored the required strength. This will take from two to five days (at room temperature). In this case, the damper tape does not make sense, as it does not work with thin layers of screed. We will carry it better in the layer with waterproof. By the way, it can replace it with a substrate for laminate with strips 5-8 cm and glued to double-sided tape.

Ask. Maybe something missed.

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