Calculation of the cross section of Ventkanal. How to calculate the diameter and the length of the ventilation pipes. Video: How to make Ventkanal for boiler

When developing a project and building an individual dwelling, it is envisaged to design a set of engineering networks: electrical, tap, sewage and, naturally, ventilation. The comfortable microclimate in the premises depends on the latter. Therefore, the device of ventilation channels in a private house should be carried out in strict accordance with the existing standards and rules that will be discussed below.

Need to install ventilation

With the problem of installing an effective system for venting out the premises owners of their own cottages faced not so long ago. Previously, a small ventilation channel in a private house perfectly coped with tasks assigned to him. After all, the walls of brick and wooden windows perfectly passed the air, which was necessary for venting.

But in modern construction, the "occurring" materials are used for mostly:

polymer windows that do not allow the appearance of slots and cracks;
frame structures protected by polyethylene membranes;
roofs equipped with steam and windproof films.

All listed elements of the building fully block the natural air current. As a result, an increased air humidity, which leads to the appearance of condensate on glasses, moisture on the walls and mold in the corners of the rooms.

Note!
The tenants of old houses are faced with similar problems, which with their own hands replaced their wooden windows on plastic and did not take care of the design of the supply ventilation channels.

Elements of the ventilation network

Central exhaust canal

The instruction that regulates the process of building individual dwellings, states that the channel ventilation for the house should be provided at the stage of compiling project documentation. If for some reason it was not done, it is possible to equip the air receipt and removal system in the finished house. For this, ready-made ventilation channels are used.

Note!
The purchase price of ventilation in the already erected building can be much higher than the design of this engineering network directly during the construction of the house.
In the overwhelming majority of cases, the method mentioned is used for equipment by the suppress and extensive channels of the old, but the capitally repaired house.

By installing ventilation channels, and possibly additional mechanical equipment (fans, recuperators, filters, and so on) you can avoid the negative consequences described in the previous section.

Before installing central and peripheral ducts, it is necessary to determine the type of air exchange system:

natural - in a modern private house there is little effect, since hermetic window systems prevent the flow of fresh air, and the temperature drops in the cold season reduce the efficiency of the traction;
supply - suitable for private houses with an area of \u200b\u200bup to 300 square meters;
supply-exhaust is the most efficient system that allows, in the presence of a recovery, not only to ventilate all the rooms, but also create a comfortable temperature in them.

All of them, with the exception of small nuances, are constructed according to one principle, therefore the features of the installation of ventkanals for the supply system will be covered in detail.

Note!
In addition to ventilation of residential and auxiliary premises, sewage ventilation is needed in a private house.
For its manufacture, special varieties of air ducts are used.

Mechanical ventilation arrangement

The system of forced inflow of fresh air and removal of contaminated air masses is constructed according to the following principles:

On the roof of a private house (usually in the area of \u200b\u200bthe kitchen), two ventilation canals are installed, which will serve as the basis of the entire future system. One of them serves to suck air, the other - to remove it from the premises.
An electrical fan is installed on the exhaust duct, equipped with an electronic power and shutdown system. Switching operation modes is made on the basis of information obtained from external sensors that control the humidity and temperature in the premises.
The inputs of the ventilation channels inside the premises must be installed so that the incoming air fall into the living rooms (bedroom, living room), passed through the corridor, the kitchen and the sanitary unit, where it fell into specially equipped hoods.

As a result of such an airflow organization, the injection of moisture generated in the kitchen and unpleasant odors to other rooms at home is excluded.

Air receipt system

As mentioned above, the ventilation channels in the already built house are very problematic. In this case, it will have to either pierce holes in the walls, and this in some cases is impossible, or mount the ducts in the open way, which is extremely negatively affected by the interior.

The best option is to construct the air channels in the attic, and their exits to be equipped on the ceiling, masking unsightly holes with decorative lattices.

The material for ventilation arrangement is ready-made plastic or metal-plastic ventilation channels of a suitable cross section.

They are:

round;
rectangular.

The last variety is preferable, as it is easier installed on the spot.

In addition, you will need:

grids;
valve;
connectors;
lattices and so on.

So that the mounted ventilation channels work with maximum returns, when they are installed, it is advisable to be guided by the following tips:

In each living room, it is better to make two aircraft channels, which will allow pumping a larger amount of air.
The section of air channels and the power of the fans should be calculated on the basis of the area of \u200b\u200bthe premises.
Incoming air ducts should be present only in residential premises, while the exhaust system is mounted in the auxiliary.

Outgoing aircraft

The central channel, along which contaminated air will be removed from the premises, is installed on the roof in the kitchen area. The fact is that, unlike the air ducts, the exhaust system should be as short as possible. This will avoid the formation of condensate and other problems resulting in violations of the functioning of the ventilation network.

Note!
A similar arrangement of the pipe to remove air is also due to the fact that the kitchen has a stove, which, as a rule, is the source of the greatest amount of harmful impurities.

You should also know that the air is warmer removed from the premises than the air masses that are outside. Therefore, it is necessary to take care of the insulation of the output channels, otherwise the moisture will be condensed inside.

In addition to the central pipe, peripherals are installed. Their inputs are mounted above the kitchen, bathroom and toilet.

To improve the efficiency of exhaust ventilation, it is recommended to install the fan in the system. Hood over a gas stove and a pipe of the heating boiler must enter the air channel after it (for this uses inserts).

Air ducts in boiler room

One of the features of a private house is the presence of a boiler, heating room. It is often installed in the kitchen, but sometimes a special room is allocated for it - boiler room. It should also be equipped with an effective air removal system contaminated by combustion products.

In the manufacture of the ventilation system, the boiler room should follow these rules:

The room is installed two ventilation channels that go out. One of them will serve to remove combustion products, the second to clean the air indoor.
In the channel, designed to remove smoke, install the fan is not needed. He will constantly fail.
Gas mixture, which is displayed through the ventilation channel, much hot ambient air. Therefore, moisture can constantly form on the walls of the pipe, which negatively affects the work of the boiler. To avoid this, the pipe must be insulated with mineral mats.
The ventilation canal intended for airing the room, on the contrary, it is desirable to equip a fan that can spin in both directions. This will increase the volume of incoming and removed air.

Ventilation for fireplace and oven

If installing a fireplace or a solid fuel furnace is provided in any of the living rooms, additional measures should be taken to ensure that the premises of clean air and the removal of combustion products should be taken.

This will create the most favorable conditions for full combustion of wood or coal, because, as is well known, the flame without oxygen cannot exist.

In addition, with ineffective operation of the ventilation system and a lack of oxygen, during burning, carbon monoxide and other dangerous products are distinguished, which accumulating indoors can harm their health and, even lead to death.

Many have separate ducts in the room, preferring to open the window. But in this case, you will come across the inefficient use of heat, because most of it will disappear when slotted or salvo ventilation.

Installation of air ducts

Most problems arise when arranging the conclusions of the ventilation channels through roofing.

In order not to make it in the tile or slate of unnecessary holes and avoid hitting the attic of rainwater, when installing air pipes, you must adhere to the following tips:

Before designing the ventilation network, it is desirable to compile its plan with an indication of the location of all air channels, including the points of their output through the roof.
For the arrangement of Ventkanal under consideration, special parts must be used. As a last resort - stainless steel pipe with insulation.
Before installing the central channel, it is advisable to do all the necessary holes in it in it, which will simplify further work on the assembly of the entire ventilation system.
Places where the pipe is adjacent to one or another elements of the design, it is necessary to seal. Any silicone composition or cement mortar is suitable.

Tip!
After processing the joints, it is necessary to suspend work on the installation of ventilation to full.
Central aircraft must stand strictly vertically, otherwise there is a risk of moisture formation on the inner surface of the pipes.

Disadvantages of forced ventilation

Despite the obvious advantages, mechanical ventilation has some drawbacks to know:

Filtering air is quickly clogged with dust, which requires constant maintenance.
Electrical equipment (fans, recuperators) consumes electricity, increasing utility billing costs.

Tip!
If specifications allow, it is advisable to dwell on the design of natural ventilation, the performance of which is enough in most cases.

Output

The right choice and installation of ventilation channels in a private house is the key to the effective and uninterrupted operation of the ventilation system. In more detail about the arrangement of conducting systems, you can learn from the video in this article.

From the competent distribution of ventilation in the house, air exchange processes in the room are largely dependent. When you start the process of designing residential premises, please note that the vents are not only in the kitchen, in the toilet and bathroom, but also in the rest of the rooms. After all, quite often modern apartments and cottages are equipped with double-glazed windows and metal doors. Because of this, the air can not normally circulate in the house, which makes it in front of.

Air exchange in a private house

It is important to note the correctness of the location of the ventilation in the residential room. It is important to note the fact that the ventilation channels must be evenly distributed throughout the rooms.

Since the incoming clean air contributes to improving your condition, it is he who is able to provide you with high immunity and a strong healthy dream.

Types of ventilation communications

Ventilation pipes in a private house can be two types. It:

Natural system;
Forced system.

In the first case, the ventilations are channels in capital walls whose thickness is more than 380 mm. The inlet holes of such channels are under the ceiling. It is best to place this ventilation in the wall that takes place in the center of the house. This location allows you to create a wiring from the channel and spend it into all parts of the house. Such ventilation provides for the minimum presence of horizontal branchings, as it will reduce its effectiveness. The channel connection occurs with the main pipe, and then output.

It is important to note that the exhaust pipe must have the wall thickness more than two bricks. If you make it more subtle, then in the cold seasons it will be quick enough to cool. It is worth noting that the height of the pipe must certainly be higher than the skate. Before proceeding with the lays down of the ventilation channel, it is worth extracting all the gaps with a mortar.

Forced ventilation is relevant to those places of premises, where there is not enough natural. Usually, it is kitchens, toilets and bathrooms. Here the air is removed due to a special exhaust or fan. The presence of such ventilation is simply necessary in the bathrooms. Without it, there will be an increased humidity in these rooms, which can lead to mold on the walls. Moreover, these ventilation channels are able to protect the bathroom from unpleasant odors.

Wall fans are perfectly suitable for this part of the house. They perfectly clean the air, but have disadvantages. Almost all of them create noise, which is clearly audible in such a room with good acoustics. Pay attention to the models of such fans that work only when the light in the room is enabled. This will save money on their use, as they work only when you are indoors.

In a private house there are rooms where it is possible to use both ventilation channels. This room is a kitchen. As forced ventilation, there is a hood, which is located above the stove. And natural ventilation is under the ceiling from the side of the plate. It is a very convenient placement of channels, because it contributes to the fact that all foreign smells are deleted in a timely manner through the channel in the wall. The combined embodiment is the best option for the kitchen.

The importance of pure air

In his private house, most people spend quite a large amount of time. Here we spend almost half of your free time, therefore it is worth taking care that the air that we breathe is clean.

Ventilation channels are designed to provide the necessary influx of clean air. After all, if you close all windows and doors in the house, then the natural channels of the air exchange will cease to work due to the pressure drop. In addition, forced ventilation will also stop working and starts to accumulate combustion products.

That is why it is important to provide high-quality ventilation in a private house for each room. Many owners of cottages still enjoy outdated downstairs, where the permanent air flow is provided through the gaps in the doors and windows. Therefore, drafts that arise in this case are not so useless.

Air exchange system

In modern houses, where double-glazed windows are installed, there is no possibility of ensuring such an air exchange. In this case, forced ventilation only worsens the situation, as it cuts the air. As a result, you are more clearly feeling the presence of a stroke indoor, which negatively affects the health of residents.

As if attending the foregoing, it is worth noting that it is necessary to ensure the influx of fresh air for each room. If we are talking about a private house, it is worth paying special attention to the rooms with metal-plastic windows.

Optimal ventilation for a private house

In a private house, it is best to apply natural supply ventilation, whose channels are located on the windowsill. What is the advantage of this system?

The air supply is adjusted in the room. Pay attention to the fact that it is not displayed on the soundproofing qualities of the glass unit;
Fit air acquires the required temperature. So, in summer, the air will be room temperature. In winter, the air will be heated from radiators. This suggests that the losses from cold air, which falls into the house will be meager;
High-quality air purification. Naturally, the air that comes from the street is not perfectly clean. There are small particles of dust and other harmful substances. All of them will be able to settle on the windowsill, and you can always remove them during a wet cleaning.

If there is a fireplace indoors

The presence of a fireplace or an oven is a fairly frequent phenomenon in a private house, so this factor should also be considered when developing ventkanalov. In this case, it is necessary to ensure such conditions in which the combustion products could be fully utilized. To do this, it is necessary to have a certain amount of oxygen, which affects the combustion process. If the oxygen is not enough, the carbon monoxide is released, which is not output, and remains in a certain amount of indoors.

In the warm season, you can always open a window for venting and, thus, solve this problem. But how to act in winter or autumn? In this case, in order to provide high-quality air ventilation, it is necessary under the floor to hold the pipe to the fireplace or the furnace.

Basic rules for the placement of ventilation channels indoors

Using exhaust channels in each room of a private house. Special attention should be paid to those rooms in which there are double-glazed windows;
The presence of forced ventilation in the toilet, bathroom and kitchen. These are rooms with high levels of humidity. In addition, foreign smells are often formed here that it costs to delete on time. Pay attention to the fans that turn on together with the light in the room;
Organize in the kitchen a combined exhaust system (above the stove and under the ceiling);
The presence of ventilation channels through the gaps in the glass packages (through the channels in the windowsill).

Features of ventilation channels

Modern houses can be different in the way of building. This fact should certainly consider when planning an air exchange indoor. Therefore, before proceeding with the injection of ventilation channels, it is necessary to take into account such a factor as the floors of the house.

Thus, if the building is single-storey, the channels can not be laid in the walls, but in the ceiling itself. The yield of this system can be carried out through the attic that there are practically all houses of this design.

If the ventilation channels have to be equipped in a two or three-story building, the extract must be placed next to the inner partitions. This will provide an optimal version of the air exchange. Alternatively, you can use the Power Channel. It can be mounted in the outer wall with separate pipes.

Installation rates of ventilation channels

Note that there are a number of certain requirements that predispose the installation of ventilation channels on the roof of the dwelling.

So, the air ducts must be installed vertically. Special attention when installing channels should pay the strength of the seal, because the reliability and durability of the structure depends on it. The material from which the air ducts must be presented from steel or durable plastic.

The inlet for lattices should be under the ceiling. They are closed by special dampers, which are necessary for the correct air regulation.

The channel of the canal should not have a threshold, as waste materials can accumulate on it.

Cleaning ventilation channels

If you decide to install ventilation channels in your cottage, you need to know in advance that they need annual cleaning. In addition, the channels are inspected to fully diagnose them and the possible detection of any violations. Why do you need this cleaning? In the process of cleaning, soot is removed, as well as other combustion products that worsen the passage of clean air through the channels.

All risers are cleaned with the help of a special jersh on the rope. Grilles on hoods are removed, wash and put back already in the dried form.

Competently by installing the ventilation channels, you can improve the air exchange in the house several times, which will be positively affected by the well-being of each household. This is a sanitary rate, which is designed to make air indoors better and safe.

Natural ventilation in a private house

The equipment of the private home by the ventilation system assumes that at the first stage the required air exchange will be calculated and the necessary section of the air ducts is determined, which should be completed by selecting a specific type of ventilation. After that, the scheme in which all the nuances will be indicated relative to the placement of equipment, air duct places of air ducts and setting the points of the fence and removal of air.

Finding a person in the house in terms of comfort is a high-quality air environment indoors, a certain temperature and optimal air flow rate, which should be small to ensure favorable accommodation conditions. When organizing an air exchange with the help of mechanics, install fans and on the influx, and on the discharge. The flow rate is significantly higher than usual.

This state of affairs is caused by the difference in the norms regarding the speed of air flows within a particular environment. Mechanical ventilation ensures the movement of air masses at a speed of 2 to 3 m 3 per hour. As for natural ventilation, this indicator is approximately 1 m 3 per hour. In this regard, this system is considered the most comfortable for a person.

The only disadvantage of natural ventilation is the impossibility of installing it under certain conditions. This problem is associated with the fact that the decrease in the air flow rate requires an increase in the cross section of a special opening in the wall. In particular, to skip the hour of 300 m 3 of air in a natural way, the presence of a channel 250 is 400 mm, which is correlated with a diameter of 350 mm. In the case of a mechanical system, we obtain lower values \u200b\u200bregarding the duct channel, namely 160 per 200 mm, which is in relation to the diameter of 200 mm.

In addition, there is often a situation where there is no possibility of organizing natural ventilation due to a large cross section of the channel, as it does not allow it to install it indoors, and the installation outside the building violates the appearance of the building. Because of this or other similar causes of the house, having a large area, are often equipped with a mechanical air exchange system.

Ventilation design

This requires:

Set exhaust channels closer to the center of the house by placing them in the inter-space. This will lead to the fact that these elements of the ventilation system will be in the warm zone, so in winter due to the drop temperature drops.
Select the optimal type of air ducts. To save useful space, it is preferable to install systems with a rectangular cross section. If there is enough free space, it is suitable for designs with a round diameter that ensure the best air exchange and simplified installation.
Determine the required form if round devices have been selected, as there is a variability: rigid or flexible (corrugations). The first type of construction provides the passage of air masses with less resistance and an acceptable noise level. Corrugation is easier to mounted.
Perform calculations relative to diameter and length, which is carried out through the functionality of the corresponding online calculators. It is preferable if there is such an opportunity, to establish wider and long channels, which will affect the thrust in terms of its increase.
To equip the ventilation system using air ducts having the same diameter. In the absence of the possibility of compliance with this rule, it is necessary to achieve the smoothness of the transition from one section to another when the deflection value does not exceed 30 degrees.
Smooth all existing joints. Nothing should prevent the passage of the air flow within the channel. Any irregularities guarantee the fact that resistance will increase, and the thrust will decrease.
To ensure that the ducts formed the structure with a small amount of turns. Each bending is a loss of 10% traction.

Modernization of ventilation

If the air exchange system is already installed, but there is a need for its update, the process of alleged work should relate to the following advice:

Organization of natural ventilation

The country house usually has a large area compared to the apartment, so there is no need to produce calculations on the bottom. It is enough to take into account that the magnitude of the air exchange is 30 m 3 per hour. This can lead to a small error, which at its maximum is 20%. When ventilating the ventilation, it is necessary to make calculations on the distribution of air flow.

When designing a natural air exchange, it is envisaged to install hoods in all premises of the economic purpose, under which the kitchen should be understood, the bathroom, fuel, etc. The garage requires additional equipment to be the so-called trunk required for removal of gases by putting on the exhaust pipe of the vehicle.

In residential rooms only inflows are provided. If in such premises to install hoods, it will cause the appearance of drafts and a decrease in temperature, that is, will lead to unjustified heat loss.

Height of ventilation channels

To ensure the maximum efficiency of exhaust ventilation, installed in a private house, a laying of vertical channels is required. The more their height, the better the thrust. In this regard, it is undesirable to equip ventilation, which the exits lead to the wall. They must be placed as close as possible to each other, which allows you to direct them into a single mine. At the same time, the conclusion on the roof should be closer to the skate, which is the highest point of the structure. As a result of ensuring the maximum height of the channels, it is possible to achieve the best thrust.

With the construction of brick houses, the arrangement of Ventkanalov is made in the masonry of bearing walls. This method is more practical and beneficial, but it cannot be used for frame and wooden houses. It is impractical in similar buildings to build ventilation channels of bricks. There are more inexpensive plastic pipes and nozzles made of polyvinyl chloride.

Under certain circumstances, you can pay attention to the sewer cylindrical products due to their low cost and high strength.

In a private house, ventilation should be equipped in such a way that it is covered and insulated. This eliminates the formation of condensate, which accumulates inside the channel. It is desirable to protect the ventilation output with a special cap from precipitation.

Apartment buildings are mainly constructed, taking into account the conclusions of ventilation and sewage are located in one mine. With regard to a high-rise building, this is quite reasonable, as there are no problems with the problem, which cannot be said about a private house. In this case, you can encounter such an effect as the reverse thrust when all unpleasant odors rushed not outside, but in the house.

It is possible to solve this problem by installing on an exhaust pipe of a special valve that prevents the reverse thrust. The disadvantage of such a device is the fact that the formation of the land can lead to its blocking.

Traction at the exit

In most cases, the altitude of the private house does not exceed 5 m, which ensures insufficient thrust. This situation is solved due to the supply of electrical wiring and installation of the fan. In the absence of gas movement, it is enough to run the thrust forcibly to give the air flow streams.

Most domestic fans are targeted at a 100-millimeter pipe in terms of installation. And not each can provide the required craving, even if the technical characteristics declared in the passport will be suitable. Their destination is to ensure the movement of air flow horizontally, so they are ineffective when there is a need to push the air in the vertical direction.

Providing inflow

In order to create a flow, the window windows are used or calculated on microcirculation. This method is fully justified during the summer, but not in winter, which explains the reason for the embedding of special ventilators. As a result, the air falls first into the system of ventilation channels, where heat is selected. The ventilators are effective devices that create conditions for increasing air temperature. This is guaranteed excludes such a phenomenon as a cold floor.

During the construction of the house it is easier to equip it with wall valves capable of overlapping ventkanals. With their help, it is impossible to increase the air temperature, but such elements can be placed near the battery, which will relieve the need to change the design of window frames.

The heating equipment in the form of furnaces, boilers and fireplaces is characterized by the fact that they actively consume oxygen. When the same heat generator is part of an already existing coaxial system of the gas feed, there is no need to separately equip ventilation. Otherwise, the number of supply valves should be increased.

With regard to the fireplace, it is better to mount a separate channel going from the street, the output of which is carried out under the combustion zone. This is the reason for the reduction of oxygen selection and heating the incoming air, and the process of burning firewood in the fireplace becomes more active due to the inflow of oxygen from the street.

How to create forced ventilation

The climatic conditions of Russia require appropriately to refer to the organization of the heating process, which provides for the refusal of natural ventilation, at least in some regions of the country. In this regard, there is a need to arrange forced air exchange, regardless of the embodiment of its implementation: centralized or local.

Centralized ventilation

Turning to the design services for the arrangement of the centralized air exchange system, it is necessary to keep in mind that you may be offered ineffective solutions. Often, designers try to reduce their expenses and offer options when metal pipe systems coming from the so-called dirty premises (kitchens, garages, etc.), with the installation of one powerful fan, which provides air removal.

Such a scheme is not much different from the system, characterized as natural, since in this case the inflow of the gas mixture is possible only by windows and the corresponding valves. This effect can be achieved by installing individual taps equipped with fans, in each room, which will be significantly cheaper.

Properly equipped forced air exchange system is the presence of input and output channels connected to the installation, which includes fans that provide air flow and its emission outward, recuperator, a device for heating and automation. Such a system creates conditions when the processes of air intake and output occur forcibly.

At the same time, the use of the recuperator carries additional benefits that the incoming air is heated with it, and this is saving at home heating. By thin tubes of the device, air flows are moving, where one comes from the street, and the other is displayed out.

As a result, heat exchange occurs when the energy of the warm flux is transmitted by cold, providing heat savings from 20 to 50%. In the summer, this device is turned off.

After the recuperator, a device is followed by which the stream is heated, which allows you to bring the air temperature to 10-15 degrees.

Local ventilation of forced type

The functionality of the centralized air exchange system is rather wide, for example, it can ensure filtering of gases incoming to the room. In this case, the arrangement of such systems is associated with some minuses, including the following:

high cost of equipment;
the need for the technical room for installing the central block, which is not limited to the least, with the noise of its work;
the need to appeal to the services of professionals for laying the ducts of a large cross section.

In this regard, in some cases, especially in relation to small houses, it is more profitable to establish forced local ventilation.

Local vendors are small devices that air conditioners resemble their appearance. At the same time, they are equipped with fans, a recuperator, heater, etc. The air ducts are not provided.

In residential rooms, such devices are capable of solving the problem of ventilation, which cannot be said in relation to the bathroom, kitchen, basement and other similar premises. With applied to them requires installation of natural ventilation air ducts.

You can combine the two mentioned type of systems with your own forces, since the existing instructions and schemes give a clear understanding of the processed work.

Proper ventilation in a private house is necessary to provide a permanent inflow of fresh air at any time of the year. After reading our article, you will learn what types of ventilation systems are, methods for increasing the level of air exchange in the rooms, as well as to heat the cold street air as quickly as possible with minimal costs.

Ventilation systems - than mechanical differs from natural

It should not be thought that the main purpose of the ventilation system is the presence of fresh air. It should also remove the spent air masses and provide an affordable air speed in rooms for humans. The speed is less, the less the tenants feel the effects of cold air and, accordingly, they feel more comfortable.

In most cases, household owners are limited to natural ventilation, which arises due to the free movement of air due to emerging drafts or ventilation. In addition, the speed of air intake for this type of ventilation is about 1 cubic meters / hour, whereas with mechanical ventilation this indicator reaches 3-5 cubic meters / hour. When carrying out, the complete exchange of air occurs in 40-80 minutes, depending on the volume of the ventilated room. In addition, there are large thermal energy losses, there is a cooling of slopes and window blocks, condensates may be observed in winter periods.

In old houses with installed wooden windows about the problems with ventilation, almost nothing could be heard. The fact is that such windows were distinguished by a very high level of air permeability. Even quite large in terms of volume, private houses were fully ventured due to numerous slots and not tightly closed windows.

In modern homes, it is often not possible to do without compulsory mechanical ventilation. The problem is that with a decrease in the speed of air movement, the ventkane cross section increases. In other words, the ventilation channels in a private house with a forced air intake system are characterized by a smaller cross section compared to similar channels intended for natural ventilation. By installing forced ventilation, you will provide your home with the necessary volumes of fresh air.

Regardless of the type of ventilation system used, it is necessary to pre-take care that the air masses have the opportunity to freely move in all rooms at home. This is fully contributed to the overpressure grilles mounted in the doors on the way of air movement. The flow is considered properly organized if the most contaminated room (for example, a bathroom or kitchen with unpleasant smells) is located last in the chain.

Another possible solution is the gap between the doors and the floor. This gap should not be less than 20 mm across the entire width of the door. The installation of special doors with streaming lattices in the same way as leaving the gap is carried out at the stage of performing construction and installation work, so about the correct and working ventilation, it is necessary to think literally from the very beginning of the construction of the house.

Window and Wall Valves - Creating additional ventilation

Most modern houses provide for the presence of metal-plastic windows from PVC. Such structures are distinguished by numerous advantages, among which is a beautiful appearance, ease of care, high levels of heat and sound insulation, tightness. However, the last property has a negative tint, since natural ventilation in a private house in such conditions is reduced almost to zero.

It is not necessary to worry about this, since decisions have already been found quite a long time ago. The most popular methods for creating natural ventilation in the conditions of using plastic windows can be attributed to the installation of supply window valves. This valve is a small nozzle that can only be installed in the wall, breaking through it through. On both sides, the nozzle is covered with lattices necessary to regulate the level of penetration of fresh air masses from the street.

Specialists advise on the installation of these devices near the windows, next to heating radiators. The optimal zone for the installation of the sub-window valve is next to the windowsill directly beyond the battery. First, in this case, the valve can be easily hidden by tulle from prying eyes. The presence of a number of heating system allows you to instantly warm the street air to avoid premises.

Technologies for the production of modern supply valves have been significantly advanced in their development. T. aK, in the construction market you can now purchase models that are equipped with temperature sensors, humidity, as well as a variety of filters.Such instruments should be installed in dining rooms, hallways, as well as bedrooms to ensure the maximum movement of air masses from residential rooms (so-called "clean zones") into domestic rooms (bathrooms, sanitary nodes, kitchens).

The supply valves will also be extremely helpful in private houses, the walls of which were insulated with a steamproof material, for example, extruded polystyrene foam or even conventional foam. These insulation reduce the amount of fresh air, but through nozzles are able to fully correct the situation.

Forced ventilation system - what does it consist of?

In some cases, ventilation in a private house cannot be sufficient through the use of one and wall valves alone. For example, if the volume of the building is very high, then it would take to install the valves almost next to each window. Naturally, the inner and outer walls in their aesthetic qualities will seriously suffer from such a large number of additional pipes. Exit from the situation is a forced ventilation system.

This system includes two main elements - ventilation network and ventilation equipment. The latter can be attributed to:

1. Fan - required directly to ensure the circulation of the required amount of fresh air.
2. Calorifer - This device is set to heal the incoming air, but it does not apply to the number of mandatory, and it can be established on the basis of funds and opportunities. Two types of calorificates are isolated - electric and water.
3. Filter - its purpose is to delay garbage and large dust particles, which are present in a large amount in the street air.
4. Air valve.
5. Noisemaster.

The ventilation network consists of the following main elements:

1. Air distribution devices (anemostats, diffusers);
2. Air ducts;
3. Air intake grille.

The construction of a fully new building should provide for the presence of ventilation channels in the interior walls of kitchens, sanitary nodes, bathrooms. Ventcanal data is recommended to lay from brickwork. In the event that the channels were not formed at the design stage, they would have to erect special detachment mines. So do not forget to think over the ventilation system of your own home before it is erected.

Exhaust fans are one of the main elements necessary for uninterrupted and constant pulling of unpleasant odors and exhaust air from the premises. As in the case of window valves, the building materials market offers a huge selection of fans capable of satisfying the requests and needs of all residents.

Fans are most popular, which are installed on the wall and go directly to the ventilation channel. Another view that has recently been on sale is the fans of the hidden editing. They are usually installed in the subtle space, but there are several important points here. First, it will be necessary to further spend the air duct for this fan. And secondly, such devices can only be used when attached or stretched ceilings.

Fans installed in bathrooms and toilets are very often included depending on the position of the light switch. For example, when the light is turned on, the device automatically starts to pull the air, stopping only after it is turned off. Some models are equipped with a delay function that the owner of the house can adjust. Such devices begin to work in a minute after switching on the light, which will be quite enough to, for example, wash your hands and once again do not use the fan and, as a result, not to overpay for the electrical energy spent.

Developed special, equipped with humidity sensors. Such an aggregate will work independently of external lighting until a normal level of humidity will be restored in the bathroom. If the noise of running fans interferes to you, you can always buy more expensive, but a silent model. Another option is to use various rubberometallic bushings to reduce noise levels.

Energy recovery installations - features of such systems

Relatively recently appeared a new type of supply and exhaust ventilation systems. We are talking about installations with energy recovery functions. Popularity is explained by the huge savings of cold air heating. Thus, standard ventilation in the house does not provide for heating entering air, which leads to large spends on additional thermal energy.

If you establish a system with a recovery of energy, then the ability to save about 50 percent of heat will appear. This high indicator can be achieved by heating with warm exhaust air of cold supply air coming from the street.

The mandatory component of such systems is the built-in calorifer, since the heat of the available air does not have enough to heat the entire volume of the air masses entering the house. During periods of severe frosts without a carrier, it will be pretty hard. However, in spring or autumn, it is quite possible to do without this heating device, which will save a decent amount of money.

This system provides for supply and exhaust fans. An additional advantage is that in the summer the system partially assumes the functions of the air conditioner, since it cools the incoming air. If you have air conditioning systems, the load on them will significantly decrease. The principle of operation is that the cold air after the air conditioner cools the warm street air, passing through the energy recuperator.

It is necessary to consider in advance where the installation of energy recovery will be located. In large buildings, the air exchange process often exceeds 800 cubic meters / hour, and therefore the size of the ventilation system may be impressive. Experts recommend to mount them in an attic room or on the ground floor. In the first case, it will be necessary to carry out insulating work in the attic, otherwise the risk of equipment and freezing of the coolant appears.

To ensure forced ventilation, air ducts are used, the purpose of which is to dissolve air masses in all rooms. Several species allocate, the main difference of which lies in their form:

Round ducts are the most popular on the basis of value for money. They differ in a smooth surface and, as a result, the smallest resistance when moving large volumes of air.
Rectangular ducts are characterized by a low cost of equipment, but resistance is slightly higher compared to round models.
Flexible air ducts - have the highest level of resistance due to a corrugated surface. They are ideal if there are bends of the canal on a small area.

Thus, ventilation in a private house is a very important question, to solve which is still at the stage of designing the building. But as a result, you will get pure and fresh air without unpleasant odors and pollution.

To calculate the cross-sectional area of \u200b\u200bexhaust pipes, we use the formula:

where: S-total exhaust channel area, m 2;

V-speed of air movement in the exhaust channel, m / s;

3600 - seconds in 1 hour.

The speed of air movement in the exhaust channel depends on its height and difference in the temperature of the internal and outdoor air.

The temperature in the pigsty in the transition period is 18ºС, in the winter - 18ºС. The height of the exhaust channels is 6m.

Temperature difference ( t) in the transition period is:

Temperature difference ( t) in winter is:

Then the air speed in the exhaust pipe in the transition period will be 1.76m / s, and in winter - 2.12 m / s.

Calculation of exhaust pipes for watch volume of ventilation

in transition

in winter

With a section of 1 exhaust pipe 0.64 m 2 (0.8 × 0.8), we find that with a height of 6 m, the number of working pipes should be the following:

in transition

(pipes)

in winter

(pipes)

Calculation of exhaust pipes for watch volume of ventilation

defined by dioxidecarbon

The total area of \u200b\u200bexhaust channels with a height of 6 m will be:

in transition

in winter

With a section of 1 exhaust pipe 0.64 m 2 (0.8 × 0.8), we find that with a height of 6m the number of working pipes should be the following:

in transition

(pipes)

in winter

(pipes)

Calculation of supply channels for watch volume of ventilation

determined by water vapor

We determine the total area of \u200b\u200bthe secting of the supply channels, based on the fact that it is 80% of the cross-sectional area of \u200b\u200bexhaust pipes. For transition:

(PC.)

For the winter period:

The number of supply channels will be:

(PC.)

Calculation of supply channels for watchmaking

determined by carbon dioxide

We determine the total area of \u200b\u200bthe secting of the supply channels, based on the fact that it is 80% of the cross-sectional area of \u200b\u200bexhaust pipes. For transition:

(PC.)

For the winter period:

Then the number of supply channels will be:

(PC.)

Calculation of multiplicity of air exchange

The multiplicity of air exchange in the pigsty is determined by formula 6:

(6)

where: to p - the multiplicity of air exchange, times;

L-hour ventilation volume, m 3 / h;

V P - room volume, m 3.

The size of the room (cubature) is 5832 (
) m 3.

The multiplicity of air exchange when calculating water vapors is:

in transition

in winter

The multiplicity of air exchange when calculating carbon dioxide is:

Calculation of the area of \u200b\u200bthe room and the cube on 1 head

Penarnic Square is
thus the area of \u200b\u200bthe room on the face will be equal

The cabbage of the room is 5832 m 2, and 1 head

Analysis of settlement data

The calculations were shown that the air exchange calculated on water vapors, in the transition period, is 21578 m 3 / h, in winter - 18480 m 3 / h. And the air exchange calculated by carbon dioxide is 29300 m 3 / h. Analysis of this data shows that the air exchange calculated by carbon dioxide will ensure the removal of water vapor and the relative humidity will not exceed the zoogigenic standards.

You can check when using the following formula:

We define in this formula the moisture content in the pigsty under the condition of air exchange calculated according to CO 2. Take into account that in this formula are known all the values \u200b\u200bexcept .

The absolute humidity in the pigsty, subject to the exchange of air in it, calculated on carbon dioxide, will be 7.89 g / m 3. Since at the air temperature in a pigsty 18 ° C, the humidity at maximum saturation will be equal to 15.36 mm.T.T., then the relative humidity will be:

Consequently, the air exchange calculated by carbon dioxide will ensure the removal of water vapor from the pig farmer, therefore, as the basis of calculations, we accept the data obtained according to CO 2.

The air exchange for 1 C of the living mass is in the transition period - 19.6 m 3 / h, in winter - 16.8 m 3 / h, and on carbon dioxide - 26.7 m 3 / h. It can be seen that no indicator corresponds to the parameters of the microclimate, since the air exchange of 1 C mass should be in the transition period - 45 m 3 / h, in winter - 35 m 3 / h.

The multiplicity of air exchange in the pigsty is 5 times per hour. Such multiple air exchange can provide only forced ventilation with artificial traction.

The calculation of the area of \u200b\u200bthe room on the 1st head showed that on 1 fatigue pig there are 1.62 m 2 excluding passes. According to zoogigenic requirements for 1 head, 0.8 m 2 should have to have 0.8 m 2, therefore, this indicator meets the requirements.