How to propose proposals in English. The order of words in the English offer: schemes and rules of construction

In order to build even the simplest supply in English, you need to know the order of words in the language. This seemingly simple, but a very important topic is the starting point in the study of English grammar.

Substantive + leaky + direct addition

In the usual affirmative offer, the subject directly before the legend (verb). Direct supplement when it is, goes immediately after the verb. For example:

THEY BOUGHT A CAR. - They bought the car.
WE CAN'T DO THAT. - We can not do this.
The Girl In A Blue Dress Was Playing The Piano. - Girl in a blue dress played on the piano.

Predicate

Note that under the subject we mean here not only the main noun or pronoun, but also the adjectives or descriptive phrases that relate to it. The rest of the proposal that does not apply to the subject is called a predicate. For example:

THE GIRL IN A BLUE DRESS was Playing The Piano.

Indirect additions and circumstances

If there are any other parts in the sentence - indirect additions or circumstances - they usually occupy a strictly defined place.

Position of an indirect add-on

after Direct add-on, if it contains the pretext to to.

An indirect addition is put before Direct supplement when there is no. For example:

The Teacher Gave Dictionaries To The Pupils. - Teacher distributed dictionaries to students.
The Teacher Gave Them Dictionaries. - Teacher distributed to them.

Position of circumstances

The circumstance can be put in three places:

Before the time to be subject to (usually these circumstances)

In The Morning He Was Reading a Book. - In the morning he read the book.

After complement (here you can put almost any adverb or circumstantwriting):

HE WAS READING A BOOK AT THE LIBRARY. - He read the book in the library.

Between the auxiliary and main verb (as a rule, these are short adverbs):

HE HAS ALREADY READ THIS BOOK. - He already read the book.

Usually, in the standard English between the subject and the add-on, other words are not installed between the fag and the supplement. But there are several exceptions. Here are the most important of them:

Adcharation frequency and indirect add-ons without pretext to

I. sometimes. Drink Coffee in the Morning. - I sometimespugh coffee in the morning.
He Showed tHE DRIVER HIS BUS PASS. - He showed driveryour travel bus.

If you follow these simple rules, you will be able to avoid mistakes in the alignment of words in the English offer. The above examples are intentionally simple - but the same rules can be applied to more. For example:

The Woman, Never Went To Sleep Before - a woman, [who often felt lonely], never went to bed, [without calling her sister].

Stylistic change in word order

Of course, the rules have exceptions, and writers or speakers often use non-standard word order to achieve a special effect. But if now we will focus on the exceptions, we distracted from the main principles, and the problem of words about the sentence may seem very difficult.

Therefore, here are some more examples: you should know that such offers exist, but do not attempt to use them without an extreme need, until you master the principles of the usual word order (remember that you first need to learn how to walk, and then run!):

Never Before Had He Felt SO Miserable. - never before he did not feel like an unhappy one.

If the proposal begins with Never or Never Before, to and the fault is often subjected to inversions, i.e. Change places. Do not use inversion when never follows for subject!

Hardly Had I FINISHED CLEANING THE HOUSE, My Friend Called. "I barely finished cleaning at home, as my friend called."

(When the offer begins with Hardly, subject to and the surehead must always be inverted.)

HAD THEY KNOWN, THEY "D NEVER HAVE DONE THAT. - You know it, they would never do that.

(Inversion is used in the structures of the hypothetical condition, when if IF is lowered.)

Whatever you can Tell Me, I Know Already. - What would you say to me, I already know it.

Here is a detailed addition, Whatever you can tell me, It is placed at the beginning of the proposal for artistic reasons: such a sentence structure is not necessary, it's easy.

Now, having mastered the rules for building simple suggestions, you can move to more complex offers with pressing structures.

And how do you feel about non-standard words in English? Difficult, it is not clear? Share in the comments!

In Russian, we can build an offer, as we want. We can say: "I bought a dress yesterday", or "Dress I bought yesterday", or "I bought a dress yesterday", etc.

In English, the order of words in the proposal is fixed. This means that we cannot rearrange the words, as we want. They must stand at their specific places.

Beginners to learn English is difficult to understand and get used to such.

Therefore, many often build English proposals using the word order as in Russian. Because of this, the interlocutor is difficult to understand the thought you want to convey.

In this article I will explain to you how to properly build offers in English, so that you can competently compile them, and any foreigner could easily understand you.

From the article you will learn:

What is a fixed word order in the sentence?

Sentence - a combination of words expressing finished thought.

As I said, in Russian we can rearrange words in the proposal as we want.

For example:

We will go to the movies.

We will go to the cinema.

Let's go to the movies.

As you can see, we can rearrange the words in the sentence, and it does not prevent another person to understand the thought we want to convey to him.

In English, the order of words is fixed.

Fixed - fixed in a certain position.

This means that words in the proposal have their own seats and it is impossible to rearrange them.

Right:

We Will Go to the Cinema.
We will go to the movies.

Wrong:

To The Cinema We Will Go.

ESL and the word order in the English proposal is wrong It will be difficult for the interlocutor to understand what thought you want to convey to him.

Let's consider in detail how to properly build all kinds of offers in English.

Attention: Fun in English rules? Learn on how easy it is to understand the grammar of the English language.

The order of words in the affirmative English offer

Approved proposals - this is offers, wherewe argue some thought. Such proposals do not contain negation and do not assume a response.

We can argue that something:

Occurs in the present (we build a house)
Will happen in the future (we will build a house)
Happened in the past (we built a house)

In English in the affirmative sentences used direct order of words.

The direct order of words is that the 1st and 2nd place in the sentence always occupy certain words.

Let's consider in detail this scheme for building affirmative offers.

1st place - the main acting person

Acting person (subject) - a person / subject that performs an action in the proposal.

It can be:

Item itself or person: Mother (Mom), Mary (Mary), Cup (Cup), Chairs (chairs), etc.
Word replacing object or person (pronoun): I (I), you (you), WE (we), they (they), he (he), she (she), it (it)

For example:

Tom ...
Tom....

She ...
She is....

2 place - action

Action (failed) - shows what happened, occurs or will occur.

That is, the action itself (verb) may stand:

1. In the present time: Study (I study), work (work), Sleep (Sleep), EAT (HE)

2. Last timewhich is formed using:

additions of completion -ed to the correct verbs: studied (studied), worked (worked)
2nd / 3rd Forms of incorrect verbs: Slept / Slept (Slept), ATE / Eaten (ate)

It is the verb right or wrong we can look in the dictionary.

3. In the futureThat is usually formed by using the auxiliary verb Will: Will Study (I will learn), Will Work (I will work), Will Sleep (I will sleep).

For example:

We. travel.
We are travelling.

TOM. left..
Tom left.

SHE WILL work.
She will work

An important nuance

It is worth remembering one important nuance. In Russian there are suggestions in which we omit action.

For example:

She is a teacher.

Children in the park.

Tom smart.

In the English proposals, the action should always be present, we cannot omit it. This is a very common mistake among those studied.

In such cases, we use verb to be. This is a special kind of verb, which we use when we say that someone:

Is somewhere (children in the park)
Is someone (she is a teacher)
Is somehow (that intelligent)

Depending on the time we use this verb, it changes its form:

In the present time - AM, Are, IS
Last time - WAS, WERE
In the future - Will Be

For example:

She. iS. a doctor.
She is a doctor. (Literally: she is a doctor)

Children. are Clever.
Smart children. (Literally: Children are smart)

I. aM. at home.
I'm at home. (Literally: I am at home)

In detail about the verb to Be in each of the times, read in the following articles:

Verb to be in present
Verb to be last time

So, the direct order of words means that on the 1st and 2nd place there are certain words.

Let's see how it looks like.

1st place	2nd place	3rd place
Actor	Action or verb to be	Other members of the sentence
I.	work	here
My Sister.	lived.	in new-york
A Cat.	iS.	grey
They	wERE	at school

And now let's look at how to build negative offers.

The order of words in the negative English offer

Negative sentences - When we deny anything. That is, we say that something:

Does not happen (it does not work)
Did not happen (she did not work)
Will not happen (it will not work)

In Russian to form a denial, we put a particle "not" before action: not I come, not I will read, not bought.

In English to form a denial, we use the "Not" particle and auxiliary verb. See how our word order changes:

Let's analyze this scheme in detail.

1st place - acting face

In negative proposals, the direct word order is also used, so the actual person is in the first place.

2nd place - auxiliary verb + not

Auxiliary verbs - These are words that are not translated, but only perform the role of pointers.

They help us determine:

The time of what is happening (present, future, past);
Number of actors (many or one).

Read more about auxiliary verbs in this article.

Every time in English has its own auxiliary verb (Do / Does, Have / Has, Did, Had, Will). Let's look at the auxiliary verbs of the three most used times.

1. Present Simple Tense:

does when we talk about someone in the singular (he, she, it)
do, for all other cases (I, you, we, they)

2. Past Simple Tense: DID

3. Future Simple Tense (Future Simple Tense): Will

To show the denial, we add a particle not to our auxiliary verb or verb to Be: Does Not, Do Not, Did NOT, Will Not.

3 place - action

After auxiliary verb with a NOT particle we put the action that is now negative.

For example:

He. does Not. Work.
He does not work.

They will Not. BUY.
They will not buy.

Remember: When we say that they did not do something in the past and we use the auxiliary verb DID, we now do not put the action in the past time.

Since the auxiliary verb already shows us that it happened in the past.

Wrong:

We. didn't work eD.
We did not work.

Right:

We. didn't Work.
We did not work.

So, let's look at the construction of a negative offer.

1st place	2nd place	3rd place	4th place
Actor	Auxiliary verb + not	Act	Other members of the sentence
I.	do not	work	here
My Sister.	does Not.	study	study
People	will Not.	bUY.	a car
They	did Not.	build	the House.

Negative sentences with verb to be

If the proposal uses the verb to Be, then we simply put not after it.

Let's look at the tablet.

1st place	2nd place	3rd place	4th place
Actor	Verb to be	Particle not.	Other members of the sentence
I.	aM.	not.	a doctor
They	wERE	not.	at home.
A Cat.	iS.	not.	grey

Now let's consider the last type of proposals - questions.

Word order in question English

Questions - These are sentences expressing the question and involving the answer to it. For example: Do you work?

In Russian, affirmative and questioning proposals differ only:

intonation (oral speech)
sign "?" At the end of the offer (in writing)

In English, approval and question look different. In contrast to the approval, question offers have reverse order of words.

The reverse order of words means that the main acting person will not stand in the first place.

Let's consider in detail how to build such offers.

1st place - auxiliary verb

To make an offer question, you need to put auxiliary verb in the proposal. I told about the auxiliary verb

Actor Act Other members of the sentence Does. she. work hERE? DID they study English? WILL you. bUY. a car?

Questions with verb to Be

If in the sentence instead of the usual action, the verb to be is used, then we simply transfer it to the first place in the sentence.

Let's look at the scheme:

1st place	2nd place	4th place
Verb to be	Actor	Other members of the sentence
IS.	she.	a doctor?
Are	they	at home?
Was.	a Cat.	gray?

An exception:

When we build a question with the verb to Be in the future - Will Be, then in the first place we endure only Will. And BE itself comes after a facial.

For example:

WILL She. bE. A Teacher?
Will she be a teacher?

WILL They bE. at home?
Will she be at home?

So, we reviewed the order of words in the affirmative, negative and question deals. And now let's practice building such proposals in practice.

Task for fixing

Translate the following offers into English:

1. I'll go to the store.
2. She is beautiful.
3. We have not bought a dress.
4. My girlfriend in the park.
5. She read the book?
6. House dear?

In order to express your thoughts in English, it is not enough just to learn the list of words. These words must be properly placed in the proposal. It is simply necessary to know the structure of the proposal of the English language, because each member of the sentence has a certain place, and this should not be violated. Therefore, let's look at how suggestions are built in English to avoid misunderstanding and mistakes in speech and in writing.

To build a sentence in English, it is necessary to know its members. As in Russian, English members offer are divided into main and minor. Consider each type of separately:

The main members of the sentence are members of the proposal, thanks to which the Grammar Center is formed. Simple words, without them, the proposal will not make sense. The main members are subject to both faithful.

Tellular, as a rule, is expressed by nouns or pronoun. The noun is used in general case, that is, in its standard dictionary form in a single and multiple numbers:

Note that the article may vary on a certain or absent in general, depending on the implied subject / person.

If we talk about the pronouns, then personal pronouns are usually used in the nominative case. Table of all pronouns of this group:

I.	i
we.	we
you.	you you
he.	is he
she.	she is
iT.	this is it
they	they are

As well as some uncertain and negative pronouns, for example:

The suggestion is usually worth the offer to the faith.

The faithful is expressed by the verb. This part of the speech is key in drawing up a sentence in English, because it shows what time it happened, it happens or happens. In the composition of the verbs, there may be two:
Auxiliary verb - verb, which is used to express time. As such a value, he does not in itself and does not translate into Russian. However, its presence is necessary if the temporary form requires. For example:

The main or semantic verb is a verb that expresses the action committed by the subject:

Secondary members offer members who explain the main or other secondary members. Without them, the proposal will still make sense, as minor members are not a grammatical center of the sentence. Back to secondary:

The definition of the question "What?" And "whose?". It can be expressed by almost any part of speech. Consider only the most popular cases:
Adjective:

Communion:

Involved in the turn:

Numeral:

Personal pronouns in the object case:

The definition expressed by the involvement is usually coming after these suggestions:

An indirect is an addition that meets all other cases:

The circumstance denotes the place, the cause, time, the image of the action and the like. The circumstance is associated with the legend, but it can be used both at the beginning and at the end of the sentence. The first option is perhaps it is less common. The circumstance is most often expressed:

naschaim

or nouns with a pretext:

How are the offers in English: the structure of the English offer

Having studied all members of the sentence, you can move to the construction of the proposals in English. Build a sentence in English is simple enough, because, as already mentioned earlier, it is done at a fixed order. What does this mean? For example, in Russian we can freely change the procedure for members of the sentence. The point will continue, because the proposal does not lose logic. English to the order relates stricter. So, if the offer begins with the subject, it is impossible to rearrange it. Example for clarity:

As you can see, only one phrase in English is opposed to the expression of the same thought in Russian.

However, it is worth paying attention to the fact that the types of British sentences 3, namely the affirmative, negative and questionative. Each has its own version of the construction of an English offer.

How to build affirmative offers in English

Drawing up the affirmative offer requires direct order of words. The direct procedure implies that the first in the proposal is subject to, then the leakable, after the addition and circumstance. Scheme for visibility:

Sometimes the circumstance can begin the proposal.

Examples:

I FORGOT TO DO THE RUSSION EXERCISES. - I forgot to do exercises in English.
Yesterday I Bought a LEGO Construction Set to My Nephew. - Yesterday I bought my nephew Designer "LEGO".
WE'LL GO Home After Training. - We will go home after training.
He is trying to find this spelling rule. - He is trying to find this spelling rule.
I Have no idea How to Learn to Play The Guitar. - I have no idea how to learn to play the guitar.

How negative offers are built in English

British offers for denial also have a direct order of words. The only difference is that for writing a negative proposal, it is necessary to use a negative NOT particle (not). Such proposals always have auxiliary verb, so the particle is placed after it.

Examples:

I Do Not Know How to Draw Up A CONTRACT. - I do not know how to make a contract.
We don't Study At the University. - We do not learn from the university.
Jane Will Not Be There. - Jane will not be there.
He is not working at the moment. - At the moment it does not work.
I Haven't Done Sport Exercises Today Yet. - Today I have not yet done sports exercises.
I Was Not Aware of The Situation in Paris. - I did not know about the setting in Paris.

How to make a proposal containing a question

Unlike two other types, for question purposes in English, it is necessary to use the opposite order of words. With the reverse order, the first place comes out of the taught, namely an auxiliary verb, and after it is subject to. Semantic verb and minor members of the sentence remain in their places. Accordingly, the use of auxiliary verb in matters is also a necessity. Scheme:

Examples:

Do You Like This Album? - Do you like this album?
Did The GO Fishing the Day Before Yesterday? - They went fishing for the day before yesterday?
Have you been to Moscow? - Have you ever been in Moscow?
Are you listening to me? - You are listening to me?

If the sentences contain a question word, it is used at the very beginning:

But to make a proposal with a dividing issue, you will have to move away from the standard scheme. Such a question is built using an affirmative or negative proposal in the first part and a brief issue in the second:

That's all. We hope you have learned how to make proposals in English. In essence, English offers as a designer, you just have to pick it up with the right parts. To secure the material, perform exercises on the topic. And most importantly - communicate with media, because no exercises will give you so much knowledge as people speaking in this language.

And do it quickly and without thinking - "on the go," I wrote in a separate article. And now let's talk about narrative offers.
Can you argue that you are familiar with the structure of the English offer?
Do you know what sequence needs to put words in the sentence? And if this is a complex offer? And if there are enumerations?
It happens and this: I began to study a foreign language, the words seem to know, but how to put them, what "goes" - the mind does not attach. So it turns out a complete confusion, Bileberda in one word.

So that the speech is correct and is well structured to understand you well, and you felt confident, speaking in English, could clearly and clearly express our thoughts - you need to know the structure of the English proposal. This will take it right now!

1. Standard English Offer Scheme:
subject + fabricated + what? + Where? + When? (i.e., the remaining members of the sentence)

The Russian proposal may be impersonal. In the English offer always There is subject to.
Compare:
Cold. - IT IS COLD.

2. When? (the time circumstance) can stand at the end and at the beginning of the offer:

3. Where? (the circumstance of the place) can also stand both at the end and at the beginning of the offer:

4. If the proposal is the circumstances of the image image:

If a AS? Receive to the beginning of the sentence, it turns out to strengthen the said, focus on as Perfect action.

Compare:
She Played The Piano Very Well.
Very Wellshe Played The Piano.

ATTENTION!

It was understood. Great thing - practice! When you speak a lot on learning language, as a rule, we do not think that it is where to put what "goes" for what "- the proposal is happening by itself, .. But is it right? It is possible that not always ... Therefore, it is useful to know the standard schemes! :)

Now imagine that you are going to buy a sofa.You come to the store of antique things and see a stunning sofa - just like you wanted. You are ready to buy it, but decided to consult with your friend. You call him and begin to describe this sofa. Question: What order should adjective stand in the sentence ???

Here is the standard order:
1) Subjective adjectives (opinion. Impression)
size 2

height / Length
form / width (may stand after paragraph 3 "age")

3) Age (New, Old. Young ...)

4) color
5) Origin (English, French, German ...)
6) Material (from which made: Wooden, Iron ...)
7) Purpose (for what: office, computer ...)

Example:
This is a beAutiful Small Old Brown Frenc Leather Sofa.

This is a large new black english Wooden Office Table.

When there is a sentence:
- adveria frequency performance (Sometimes, Often, Always,never, Rarely ...)

- PROBABLY.

- Definitely.

- Hardly / Hardly Ever
- Almost.
- Nearly

These words need to be put

Before the meaning verb:
Example:
He. often. goes. to the gym.
She. rarely have A Lie-in In The Morning.
They usually go. Shopping on Sunday.

After the verb to be:
Example:
to be tired - get tired of being tired
He. IS. often. tired. After Work.
to be wrong - wrong to be wrong
You. Are PROBABLY. wrong..
in composite verb forms after the first verb:
Example:
You. must. neverdo. IT AGAIN.
They cAN also. play. Tennis.

Also wanted to make a small note.
Pay attention to the order of words in the sentence, when there are words in it:
- Definitely.
- PROBABLY
- Possibly.
- CERTAINLY.

1. POSITIVE SPEENCE (POSITIVE SENTENCE):
Here is a sentence in the future with one of these words:
I. wILL pROBABLY see Him Later.

Is it possible to build such a clear system that would allow you to easily build suggestions in English and quickly understand all temporary forms? Let's see.

At first, it is necessary to understand which generally accepted standards exist, and how can not be lost in the seeming difficulty during English learning.

If you look more detailed on the structure of the supply in English, it becomes obvious that in order to quickly learn to be concisely and clearly express, it is necessary to simply be trained to recognize the subject (who does?) And the legend (what does it do?) In the English offer.

In most cases, the proposals should be followed before the beam. Exceptions make up only question deals. But in any case, you need to start with a simple. Thus, it will be possible to learn how to draw up proposals in English.

Easy - the key to success

Let's start with the simplest. It will be the base from which it will be necessary to repel in the future. Her understanding would be much simplified by the work on the automation of the construction of proposals in our head on the fly.

It is worth knowing that the English proposals, unlike Russians, are characterized by simplicity, conciseness and shortness. Perhaps this is due to the English mentality, but now it's not about that.

Long and very complex offers in English still can be found. They are found in legal texts or in fiction, i.e. Where it is advisable. However, in live communication, long offers are extremely rare. But for the start you need to repel from simple.

Let's find out what a simple offer in English. Any suggestion is built to describe the real life situation as much as possible.

In order to achieve this goal, it is necessary to use words to describe the current situation and combine them so that the meaning passes as much as possible. If it turns out to be correctly conveying the meaning, then in the head of the one who is transmitted to the information is the image of the same picture.

In Russian, words are connected using endings. However, in English, the situation is completely different, there is no change in the set of expirations.

On the one hand, it simplifies the memorization and study process, and on the other, it requires maximum clarity in building a proposal and the correct use of predictions.

Golden Rule

So, we define the first and most important rule - the direct order of words! First they say, who does, then - what does. Any variations are available in Russian, for example:

The boy catches the fish.
Fish catches a boy.
Catching boy fish.
Catching a fish boy.

In English, there is always only one order of words - "A BOY IS Catching Some Fish".
Remember this is the golden rule from which you should start studying English. Everything is tied to the verbs (simple fag). Of course, they will stand in any form of one of the English times (you can immediately understand how to use times), three ignition and two pledges. For newbies, the main thing is to understand Base:

In English, the proposal structure always follows a specific structure:

SUBJECT (who / what?),
verb (what does?),
object (who / what? Supplement),
place (WHERE?),
tIME (WHEN?).

For example: "I Like to Walk with My Dog in The Park in the Evening."

lIKE TO WALK;
with My Dog;
iN THE PARK;
in The Evening.

Time

For many, begin to learn the language, the head goes around from an infinite multitude of time forms. If you take into account everything, it turns out 16. It is explained by the fact that the time system is clearly different from the one that is used in Russian. Of course, there are general moments, but the main trump card of the English time system is a strict order, logicality, submission of grammar and logic laws.

But not as terrible times, as they draw. If you take care of at least six more consumed, you can feel confident in almost any communication situation - this is Present Simple, Past Simple, Future Simple, Present Continuous, Past Continuous, and Present Perfect.
Example:

I go to work every day. - Present Simple (what is happening regularly).
I Went To Work Yesterday. - PAST SIMPLE (statement of fact in the past).
I Will Go to Work Tomorrow. - Future Simple (a statement of a fact in the future).
I am Going to Work Now. - Present Continuous (what is happening now).
I Was Going To Work WHEN You Called Me. - Past Continuous (what happened at a certain point in time in the past).
I Have Already Gone To Work. - Present Perfect (unknown when the action happened, but there is its result in the present).

What is the most important thing is that it is necessary to remember that each group of times has similar characteristics and norms of the formation of a semantic verb, as well as the principles of use, and this is the key to the rapid absorption of all times.

As soon as you can spend parallels and feel the differences, you can use all times without much difficulty. Therefore, for a start, just try to remember how the English proposals of the Simple group are built, starting with Present (this). It is extremely convenient to teach and memorize grammatical times, placing them in the table.

Delivered Table Tables are present in all textbooks used in EnglishDom School.

So, you should not be afraid of any difficulties. It all starts with a simple, and everything ingenious is also simple. Using the basic principles of the proposal, it is possible to further add and train all times, inclination and collateral.

The main thing is not to be grabbed for everything at once. Only after you fully digest one rule for yourself, move to another. Sometimes repeat the studied to not forget. But the fact that in no case forget is the basic principles for building an English proposal. So, you always just start - train the skills on simple sentences, then, as you understand, complicate them.

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