List of standards of plug connector. Types of electric forks and sockets fork power euro

We are very much acquired by electric household appliances of different power, made in EU countries, in which network cords end with electric forces of European-type. It is known that they differ not only by the diameter of the metal part from our domestic, but also a form, greater potential power and the presence of one or two grounding contacts. But it is impossible to forget about the so-called "Soviet" type, which is still widely in Russia and the CIS countries along with the electrical appliances of past times, therefore, therefore, and let's start a brief overview of the European-type electric plugs with them.

One of the most common forks in the USSR, is designed for 220V, 6a

This type, called the Soviet C1 / B, is still produced from our homeland and in its qualities it can be equated to the European type of 7/16 Europlug. The electric forks of this type are calculated for the current strength 6 A and 10 A at a voltage of 220 - 250 V and a frequency of 50Hz. They have no ground terminals, but there is one advantage that is the fact that their design is collapsible, and you can mean to replace it in case of damage to the cable, leaving the outlet for the same and not spending money on a new one. The diameter of the pins in the Soviet fork is 4 mm.

The next type of electric fork, in which the pins also with a diameter of 4 mm and which is widespread in European countries, except England, Ireland and Malta refers to the class of Sea 7/16 Europlug. It is used in the operation of household electrical appliances of low power, without the grounding contacts and is calculated for the current of the current to 2.5 and at a voltage of 1100 - 220 V. compatible from class C, C1, E, F.

Type C6 (in Europe CEE 7/17) We have Eurovalka, with round pins (knives) with a diameter of 4.8 mm

But the French type of electrical plug has metal pins with a diameter of 4.8 mm and one grounding contact. Widely used in France, Poland and Belgium. Used for medium power devices such as vacuum cleaners, air conditioners, water heaters, etc. This type of plug is withstanding the current strength to 16 A at a voltage of 220-250 V. Compatible with rosettes of type C, E, F, however, with Soviet type C1 / In incompatible and can only be used in the presence of an adapter.

For electrical appliances of medium and high power consumption, the European German type of forks "Schuko" is used 7/4, which is widespread in Germany, Sweden, Norway and Holland.

CEE 7/4 Schuko fork and Schuko Socket

It is designed for current to 16 A, in some embodiments and up to 25 A at a voltage of 220 - 250 V, it has a pine diameter of 4.8 mm, one grounding and compatible with sockets C and F. According to its characteristics, Schuko has 7/4 Suitable for the French type of forks 7/5.

There is also a hybrid type of electrical plug E / F - CTT 7 | 7, combining German and French quality. Evidence in the EU countries when using medium and high consumption power instruments. They have a contact for grounding, suitable to type C, E and F rosettes with a diameter of metal pins 4.8 mm.

One of the components of the power supply system is an electrical outlet. These devices are in each house, apartment, at each production. There are even on the street. However, a modern assortment of sockets is so wide that the main nuances know better before the choice.

An ordinary power supply consists of a plastic front panel and a dielectric base (heat-resistant plastic or ceramics) with contacts and connectors for connecting plug plugs. Plastic base cheaper and more durable, ceramics are more expensive and more fragile. The number of contacts and their form depends on the type of electrical outlet (for a single-phase or three-phase network, with or without ground) and the country in which it is used.

Materials contacts

Electrical contacts can be made of several different materials:

brass (for premises with a normal level of humidity);
tinned brass (for high humidity);
bronze (for any operating conditions).

The most capricious - brass contacts without spraying. Metal color light yellow with severe glitter. In conditions of high humidity, they are quickly oxidized, which leads to a deterioration in contact. Also, the brass is well spring, which is why the contact is weakened over time. To eliminate this disadvantage, the electrical outlet with brass contacts has additional springing petals that push the contact plates.

The base can be ceramic or plastic, contacts - brass and brass with spraying, bronze

The tinned brass has a white matte color. Due to the protective coating, it is less oxidized, it is better spring and keeps the form. Such contacts are usually put in power plates intended for wet premises and for the street.

Electrical sockets with bronze contacts are rarely found, and they can be distinguished at a high price. Bronze contacts are also yellow, but matte and darker. Bronze contacts well spring, provide high-quality contact for a long time.

Ground Contact

In addition to phase contacts in the outlet, there may be grounding contact. It is necessary when connected:

powerful technology;
techniques demanding to quality of power supply (with electronic control);
equipment in the working cycle of which water is used (for example, and).

In addition, electrical outlets with grounding should be installed in rooms with high humidity, on the street is the requirement of electrical safety. Having a working - security of your and your family.

No grounding sockets are allowed only in dry rooms, and you can turn on in them simple devices like desktop lamps, low-power oil heaters, convectors, etc. They are attractive to a slightly smaller price, and less "depth", so that when installing, you need to do smaller holes under them. But, as if attractive, they were neither, a computer and complex technique that consumes little electricity, but the demanding quality of the power supply, it is necessary to include in the socket with grounding. In addition to protecting against electric shock, the grounding still dismides statics, which can be fatal for electronics.

Connecting wires

The wire contact plates are connected using screws or feedback clamps (presser contacts allow you to quickly connect without using a screwdriver).

Screw connections of sockets can be divided into two types:

With the ability to fasten the end of the wire in the form of a loop. Provides the perfect screw connection, so large is the area of \u200b\u200bcontact of the conductor with the contact pad.
With the possibility of fastening the right end.

When installing the sockets of the first type, it will take more time, as it is necessary to make a loop (it is convenient to use the round-rolls), completely unscrew the screws to wear it, and then twist the node. With second type sockets, everything is simple - inserted the stripped wire into contact, and then tightened the screw with a screwdriver.

When operating sockets, contacts are exposed to heating / cooling process, which leads to a gradual weakening of the screw contact. For this reason, screws need to tighten with periodicity 1 time in six months.

Electric seals with clamping of conductors, allow you to connect as quickly as possible. The expanded end of the wire is inserted into the nest until it stops. In the nest there is a plane clamp (spring-loaded contact), which securely clamps the conductor. Due to the strength of the elasticity of the spring, the contact constantly remains good. Such terminals are also called automatic.

Leading world leaders (Legrand, Schneider-Electric, Simon and others) produce outlets and switches both with screw and without screw connections. By purchasing products of well-known brands, with a high degree of probability, you can be sure that the eventless connection will ensure proper contact.

Since in modern dwellings, the sockets are often combined into blocks, then for a parallel from the connection, the elderly of the wires is provided - separate holes are provided for jumpers.

Classification of electrical outlet

Even such a simple device, as an electrical outlet, has many species and varieties. In addition to different materials, they may have a different form, installation method. There are models that are collected in blocks of several pieces, completed with a switch or with outlets of other types. About all these types of power out and talk now.

Voltage and current

Electrical sockets - wiring accessories and they have their own specifications: the voltage for which they are intended, and the current strength that can be passed through itself for a long time. By voltage, they may be such:

For single-phase networks with voltage of 220-240 V. The most common type in our country.
For three-phase networks 380 V.
For single-phase networks with a voltage of 100-127 V. These are the standards that are used in Japan and the United States.

In our country, one-phase sockets are most established for 220 V networks, but they also have different types: can pass through direct current of different quantities. Conventional outlets are designed for current 10-16 A. to connect household devices of high power (electric stoves, cooking panels, accumulative boilers, etc.) need outlets that can pass the current at 32 A, and sometimes more. For these cases, power outlets are issued. They are distinguished by large sizes, they use materials resistant to heat, more powerful contacts.

By type of mounting

The electrical outlet can be for hidden and open installation. They also say - internal / embedded and outdoor / overhead. The power supply for the hidden installation (internal) is set to the hole made in the wall or other surface. After connecting the front panel there is a floss with a surface or performs literally a couple of millimeters.

An open-ended electrical outlet (outer / overhead) is attached to a wall or a special dielectric substrate, which is used if the base is fuel. The installation of such products is easier, but the appearance is specific. Currently, they are mainly used. Sometimes overhead sockets can be seen in the technical premises, cabins, garages. In those rooms, where strict requirements for appearance are practically not presented.

There are still retractable sockets that are successfully used in the kitchen. They can be built into the worktop, the bottom of the mounted locker, the sidewall of the cabinet furniture and even in the floor. Embedded electrical outflows are comfortable and functional. You need to include household appliances or devices - opened / raised the lid, the sockets appeared. There is no need, the lid was closed.

Degree of protection IP.

Electric sockets have another technical characteristics as IP protection ( International Protection Marking. Translated from English - "International Protection Codes"). It shows how much the product is protected from moisture and dust exposure. Electric servers can be intended for different operating conditions, accordingly, they are released in housings with different degrees of security. The most common are the following types:

with IP protection class 20. For premises with normal conditions, with working heating in the cold season.
IP 21, IP22. May stand in rooms without heating, on the street under the canopies.
IP43, IP44. In rooms with high humidity, close to water sources (waterproof sockets).
IP 54, IP 55. May stand outside open-air street.

Find sockets with a higher degree of protection, in ordinary stores it is unlikely to succeed, but also these meet all the requirements for an apartment or a private house.

The degree of IP protection is indicated in the technical specifications, and the scope - in the description

The electrical outlet for installation on the street can be still equipped with a protective cover, which protects the contacts from the dust from entering into the dust. Such products are permissible to install in pools, baths and other rooms with high humidity.

By the number of nests in one case

In one case, a different number of outlets can be placed. If the number of socket sockets is two or more, such products are called socket blocks. They can still have built-in switches or outlets of other types - to connect the Internet, for example, USB cable, etc.

Often there are such options for outlets:

In modern new buildings, blocks consisting of several single inner sockets, which give integrity using a shared framework. As a rule, each socket is installed in its opposite of the round shape.

Universal repromenals of rectangular shape can be used to install the sockets blocks, which in many cases are more convenient than the use of round conversion.

Electrical outlets with additional features

Electric servers are in every home, office, in production. They are even in nozpostroy and separate toilets. And it is not surprising that manufacturers try to diversify the range. There are very interesting options.

There are backlit sockets - LEDs are lit when the plug is connected, and there are funny faces

With power control functions

With overhaul of wiring or when laying new networks, the lines are paved according to modern requirements - through protection machines, with installation on the necessary lines of the RCD, stabilizers, etc. But there are many dwellings in which the wiring is several decades. It is quite efficient, but from the means of protection and control there are only a pair of traffic jams or machines at entering the house / apartment. You can solve the security problems at least for the most sensitive and expensive devices, you can put an electrical outlet with voltage control or RCD.

Electrical outlet with built-in UzO. Powerful household appliances should be included in the dedicated lines, which should stand the protection and RCD machines. If you have nowhere to install in the shield, you can put an electrical outlet with the RCD. When the leakage current appears in the line or on the connected device (occurs when the insulation is a test or if someone has touched the bare wires under voltage), protection will work and the RCD will turn off the power.

With high voltage protection. In our networks, voltage jumps are often observed. If there is no general or local voltage stabilizer, and the instrument in the outlet will be turned on sensitive to the quality of the power supply and expensive, you can install a rosette with overstrain protection. If the threshold voltage is exceeded (in different models, a different threshold, but usually it is 275 c) the power is turned off.

Outlets with overvoltage protection relay - useful piece for sensitive equipment

With high ease of operation

"Advanced" models of electrodarmers provide additional features that many problems can solve.

With a timer. Comfortable thing. Include some kind of device, set the time through which it must be turned off and everything. At the right time, the special mechanism will open the contact and the device will turn off.

Electrical sockets with timer - mechanical and electronic

The simplest sockets are with a mechanical timer (in the photo above the left), but there is also electronic. And the electronic can also be programmable in which you can set a chart of inclusions and disconnections.

With extension. We often facilitate the need to use the extension. You can use the usual, but there are sockets with a built-in extension. For them, of course, you need a large cavity in the wall, but you will never lose such an extension, i.e. The problem of storage is solved. In folded form, the cord is wound on the drum hidden in the wall, the socket is used as usual. Need an extension cord - just pull, do not need - pull a little on yourself and the wire will be reached.

In addition to ordinary extension cords there are models with extension and tee. One outlet remains on the wall, two are moving on the cord. Also a comfortable thing.

With protection from children

Electrical sockets with children's protection There are two types. In one hole in which the plug is inserted, closed with protective curtains, which are moved only if pressure begins simultaneously on both curtains. Moreover, it is necessary to prescribe with a certain effort that a small child is simply not able to develop. Electric severity with protective curtains is not much more expensive than usual, but is a reliable protection against children.

Electric socket with protection from children - you can not only use plugs

The second type of electrical outlet with protection against children - with swivel curtains. To insert a plug in such a socket, it is necessary to plug the plugs to pins and turn them to a certain angle. Then the holes in which contacts are located.

Constructive features

Electronics and electronic devices are increasingly included in our life. About the System "Smart House" heard, probably already all. But this is what the power servers that can be controlled from a mobile phone, probably a few. With a smart socket, you can, for example, remotely turn on and off the electric fireplace in the country. It is also possible to turn off the iron if you are left in the lacquer to be turned on by leaving the house.

There are others, not so exotic models.

With USB port (connector). We already have so many electronic devices in need of recharging that it is necessary to organize separate sockets for them or put USB hubs. Another option is to put a rosette with the YUSB port / connector or several. In one case, they can be from one to four or five.

Combined with switch. In one case, not only a few sockets can be installed, but also switches. Since the height of the installation of the switches has recently small - at the level of the lowered hand (85-95 cm from the floor), the sockets are quite appropriate there. And through such models, you can start the inclusion of lamps. For example, wall scaves or lamps on bedside tables. It will be convenient to turn on / off lighting, and there will also be where to connect the charger.

With covers. There are still sockets with protective covers. They are often put on the street or in a dusty room, so that dust and dirt are not settled on contacts. Most often occur with raising up covers that are lifted, if you need to turn on the device - the lid remains raised until you pull the cord. The lid itself can be transparent or not.

There are swivel models that cover the lid open, like the door (in fig. Above the right). And it opens only to insert the plug. Then the lid can be closed, as a special excavation is made under the cord. Such "Dragon" measures are needed for places with very dusty production.

Not only in different countries, household networks have different stresses, many of them have a special outlet. Before the trip, you need to know what form outlet in the country to buy a corresponding adapter. Of course, they are there, but in an unfamiliar place to find it difficult to find.

In many European countries, the outlet is used as well as we, just almost everywhere they are with a protective ground. EU rosettes are used in the following countries:

Germany;
Spain;
Czech Republic;
Poland;
Bulgaria;
Belgium;
Hungary;
Lithuania;
Latvia;
Slovenia;
Sweden.

There are no news: the usual fork for us with a socket, no adapters are needed. In other European countries, electrical installation products have their own standards. But in stores you can find adapters to the Eurostandard, and two types of outlets are often installed in the buildings of modern buildings, as appliances are used with forks of both species.

In some countries, the European Union has an electrometry of another species. Basically, they have three plug in forks, respectively, in the outlets of three holes. The plug to which the protective ground is listed, may be the same form as the phase, or have a different cross section. In Italy in forks, three plugs (phase, zero and earth) - they have the same size and shape and are located in one line near each other, the "Earth" plug - the average. This type of sockets and forks is called type L.

In Switzerland, too, three round plug, but the middle earth is located below and all three contacts form a triangle - this is a type of socket N.

A similar picture in India, but the grounding contact has a greater section and is located slightly lower than that of Swiss sockets - the triangle is obtained equilateral (type K).

In the United States, Canada, Philippines, Thailand and Japan, rectangular pins for phase wires and a semicircular for connecting a protective ground are installed in forks. They are located on the vertices of the triangle. In the UK, the pins are also rectangular, but they are thicker and have another orientation in space (type G). Rectangular, but thinner pins in Australia, New Zealand and China. There are sockets identical, type I.

If you are primarily interested in quality, we advise you to pay attention to the products of leading European brands:

Legrand (France);
Schneider-Electric (France);
Simon (Spain);
MERTEN (Germany);
Gira (Germany);
ABB (Germany);
FEDE (Spain);
BTICINO (Italy);
JUNG (Germany);
ELSO (Germany);
Vimar (Italy).

Especially popular in Russia, sockets and switches of the French company Legrand are used, and specifically the Valena series - quality at a reasonable price. Schneider-Electric has the popular Grossa and Unica series.

Electrical plug is a special plug invention that is required for quick and easy connection / disconnecting goods from the supply network. It is worth clarifying that each device is connected directly to the network through the outlet, and this is due to the use of a cord with a fork located at its end. On the case of each, without exception, the fork, as a rule, a special marking is applied, it is indicated by specifications.

It is important to pay attention to the fact that the forks are simple enough, and with the literate connection of the cord, compliance with strict rules, they will perform their function qualitatively and as it is necessary.

If the need for urgent replacement forks on the wire appeared, then you need to decide first of all, with a specific type of device. It is important to understand the accuracy of the power consumed of the electrical appliance, as well as the need for grounding. In order for everything to be good, there were no problem situations, you need to take care of the health and quality of products.

Selection of high-quality electric forks

In the online store you can choose a socket of any color, an electrical plug, switch. Characteristics of modern products:

reliability;
quality;
ease of use.

You can look like a direct version of the electric fork, as well as an angular model of products. It is important to draw attention to the fact that the plugs, the sockets are the main part of the connection that ensures reliable electrical appliances connecting directly to the outlet. The choice of a specific type of product depends on the preferences of each interested client. Technical parameters of the product: grounding; network voltage; maximum load; Nominal current. All this suggests that these devices differ not only by quality, but also a long service life. Do not doubt that proven products have safety.

A large selection of modern and proven goods attracts customer attention. Look in the company's catalog, we have everything that you only need. You can take advantage of profitable offers now. You can buy products in wholesale and retail, at your request. If questions appeared, please contact our experienced specialists.

Try to imagine Homo Modernus without mobile phones, cameras, laptops, navigation systems and other gadgets? The answer is simple: it is impossible. Well, all these benefits of civilization cannot exist without "nutrition", they need a recharging.
Therefore, the beaches, parks, museums go to the background, and the first thing that traveler should think, - what sockets and how voltage will be in the country where it goes.
In most cases, the issue is solved with the help of an adapter. But it can become useless if the stress in the network is very different from the native, domestic. For example, in Europe, the voltage varies from 220 to 240 V in the United States and Japan - from 100 to 127 V. Do not guess - burn your device.
Let's try to deal with the wisdom of electrical engineering.

Voltage and frequency

By and large, in the world in the household network, only two levels of electrical voltage are used:
european - 220 - 240 V and American - 100 - 127 V, and two variable current values \u200b\u200b- 50 and 60 Hz.

Voltage 220 - 240 V with a frequency of 50 Hz uses most countries of the world.
Voltage 100 -127 at at a frequency of 60 Hz - in the USA, North, Central and, Partly, South America, Japan, etc.
In this case, there are variations, for example, in the Philippines, 220 V and 60 Hz, and in Madagascar - on the contrary, 100 V and 50 Hz, even within one country, depending on the region, there may be different standards, for example, in different parts of Brazil , Japan, Saudi Arabia, in Maldives.

Therefore, before going to the way, collect maximum information about chains and signals of the types of outlets used in the country and the network.

Electrical outlets

Sockets, forks and connecting options to the electrical network very much. But do not be afraid, deal with everyone and look for every adapter there is no need.
It is necessary to remember (save, draw, take pictures) of the 13 most used types of sockets, which denote Latin letters from A to M:

Type A is an American electrical outlet and fork: two flat parallel contacts. Used in most countries of North and Central America (USA, Canada, Mexico, Venezuela, Guatemala), in Japan, and almost everywhere, where the voltage of the network 110 V.
Type B - Variation of the type A connector, with an additional circular ground pin. Used usually in the same countries as the Type A. connector
Type C is a European socket and fork. It has two round parallel contact (without grounding). This is the most popular socket in Europe, except England, Ireland, Malta and Cyprus. It is used where the voltage is 220V.
Type D is the old British standard with three round contacts installed in the form of a triangle, while one of the contacts are thicker than two others, designed for maximum current. Used in India, Nepal, Namibia, on Sri Lanka.
Type E is a fork with two round contacts and a hole for the ground contact, which is in the socket of the socket. This type is now almost everywhere used in Poland, France and Belgium.
Type F - standard is similar to type E, but instead of a round ground contact here are two metal clamps on both sides of the connector. Such sockets will find in Germany, Austria, Holland, Norway, Sweden.
Type G - British socket with three flat contacts. Used in England, Ireland, in Malta and Cyprus, Malaysia, Singapore and Hong Kong.
Note. This type of socket is often available with the built-in internal fuse. Therefore, if after connecting the device it does not work, then the first thing to do is to check the condition of the fuse in the outlet.
Type H - has three flat contacts or, in an earlier version, round contacts are organized in the form of the letter V. Used only in Israel and in the Gaza Strip. Not compatible with any other fork, intended for voltage values \u200b\u200b220 V and current to 16 A.
Type I - Australian socket: Two flat contacts, as in the jack of American type A, but they are located at an angle to each other - in the form of the letter V. There is also in version with the ground contact. Used in Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea and Argentina.
Type J - Swiss fork and socket. It looks like a plug type C, but has an additional grounding contact in the middle and two round contacts. Used in Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Ethiopia, Rwanda and Maldives.
Type K is a Danish socket and a plug, similar to the European type C, but with the ground pin located at the bottom of the connector. Used in Denmark, Greenland, Bangladesh, Senegal and Maldives.
Type L is an Italian plug and a socket, similar to the European outlet of the type C, but with a round ground pin, which is located in the center, two round contacts are located unusually in the line. Used in Italy, Chile, Ethiopia, Tunisia and in Cuba.
Type M is an African socket and fork with three round contacts located in the form of a triangle, while the ground contact is clearly thicker than two others. It looks like a Type D connector, but it is much thicker contacts. The socket for powering devices to 15 A. is used in South Africa, Swaziland and Lesotho.

A few words about various adapters.

The easiest way to be ready to stick the plug into the socket is to purchase an adapter, a converter or a transformer in advance (this is what needs). In most hotels, if you want to select the desired device at the reception.

Adapters - combine your fork with someone else's socket without affecting the voltage, the most universal device.
Converters - provide transformation of local power parameters, but short time, up to 2 hours. It is used for small (hiking) household appliances: hairdryer, razor, kettle, iron. It is convenient on the road to small dimensions and weights.
Transformers are more powerful, overall and expensive voltage converters designed for continuous operation. Used for complex electrical appliances: computers, televisions, etc.

And at the end of a light lifehak, how to use an English outlet without an adapter

Good trip!

Sources: Wikimedia.org, Travel.Ru, Enovator.ru, Personal experience.