Iron bell. What brazenings are wooden or metal better to use for a bar and cut? There are rules for fastening

By ordering a log house from a natural tree, buyers first of all pay attention to the forest from which the building, shape and variety of timber, layout. At the same time, they miss such items as connecting materials, while this factor affects the further operational characteristics of the structure. As elements of fasteners for a wooden house, wooden and metal braided are used. Which of these options is preferable from the point of view of ensuring the optimal features of the object?

Brous fastening technology in a wooden house

In order to avoid bias, the logs relative to each other, except for fastening "in the bowl" and shrinking groove, use braided. Their use allows us to provide the necessary vertical of the walls. The item is a wooden or metal rod that retains neighboring logs. The element is installed in a checked order, in approximately 2m increments, in advance drilled holes. The length length should be 2-3 cm less landing space, the thickness is such to provide a small tension.

The assembly of a bar using coppins is carried out in the following order:

in the laid timber, the holes of a given diameter are drilled;
in the prepared holes are clogged to the depth of at least 2 cm;
the following logs are added with the corresponding arrangement scheme of napillates in the previous row of holes.

Metal brazen: pros and cons

The products are segments of the valve valve and diameter. They can be smooth and corrugated. In some cases, metal clusses are used as brazed. The advantages of this type of product include:

simplicity and speed of installation and, as a result, the cost of construction;
strength and durability;
low price.

The reasons why abandon the use of metal fasteners, serve:

The heterogeneity of the structures. A tree over time will be dying, deformed, metal - no. With a tough attachment, the bars forming the wall can "hang" on the reinforcement, or vice versa, start hanging out.
Corrosion exposure. The temperature changes, changes in the humidity level leads to rusting of the element and damage the material around it. In the future, brown spots may form on the cut surface.

Wooden braided: Time Verified

Traditionally, wooden droplets were used in the construction of log cabins. The item was made of wood with high strength - oak, birch, beech. To give preference to this version of fasteners is recommended for such reasons:

preventing timber deformation during further operation;
uniform shrinkage of the walls of the house;
resistance to warping, temperature drops.

When buying details should pay attention to its quality. Wood brazen must be well leaning, not to have margins of mold. Screw the product to the holes by China.

Which option to choose

Metal brazers are optimally suitable in situations, when special attention is paid to the reliability of the screed of a bar. To minimize the negative impact of the part on the design as a whole, it is recommended to use the drums made from corrosion resistant steels. Compensate the inability of the product to cope with the load "on bending" will help the purchase of copiers of the "spring node" type - a fastening element consisting of a bolt with a spring.

In all other cases, it is preferred to a wooden connection. It will provide a uniform shrinkage of the whole house, good thermal insulation of the structure.

Houses made of natural wood now gained popularity.But wood is far from a homogeneous material, so in the process of shrinkage there is a small deformation, different parts of the house take the final species unevenly.

It follows the problem of fastening the timber among themselves, which will ensure reliability, on the one hand, and uniform shrink on the other. The decision was found for a very long time - braided. The element is different in size, shape of the section (circle or square), manufacturing material.

Types of brazening

The species of the fastener is a lot, but conventionally divided into groups by material and form. Consider this question more details.

Material of manufacture

Two types are actively used:

Wood. Most experts strongly recommend using a wooden spike when erecting wood structures. The main advantages are given when choosing such fasteners:
- Uniform drying. The bar and the bellows should be approximately one humidity. This will allow the shrinkage process with almost no visible changes;
- Not subject to temperature drops. The tree practically does not change linear dimensions at different temperatures, so the fastener will always be in its place;
- No rust. Metal with time rust, which leads to rotting wooden surfaces in contact with it;
- There is no condensation. On steel with a sharp change in temperature, moisture is formed, which is not at all inside the carrier wall.
- The wank strikes with the wall. After a certain time, the house will become monolithic, wooden surfaces solder.
Metal. This option also applies to a budget fastening method, waste (pipes, fittings) are often used. Although experts prefer the previous way, Metal brazen has its advantages:
- The upper layers of wood are protected from twist;
- Durability design.

The form

Also allocate several basic forms:

Round cross section. With the fact that the holes for the fastening in the log are performed by the drill, then the round bell will provide the maximum area of \u200b\u200bcontact, ensuring reliability and durability of the structure;
Square. Make such an element easier, it is also cheaper. But on this positive parties end. At the entrance to the hole, the spike edges are deformed, and the total contact area remains minimal. Thus, the house is dangerous;
Narrow rectangle. The easiest in the manufacture of the option. The board of a certain thickness is taken, it blooms on rectangles. The only advantage is a very small thickness. Suitable for a narrow bar, but the installation is extremely difficult.

We make naked with your own hands

This type of fasteners are sold in stores, but without much difficulty you can make it at home. The wooden element is manufactured as follows:

trucks of boards are taken, from which the bars of 25 per 25 centimeters are cut;
stakes are made, a long 1.5 thickness of the construction bar, a diameter of 2.5 centimeters;
the angles are cut with an ax for making a rounded shape.

But it is necessary to take into account the following:

wood for fasteners should be harder than a bar. Now for these purposes, birch is most often used;
agel should not significantly differ humidity from the main element of the structure;
it is strictly forbidden to use the wanks with a bitch.

We carry out calculations

Depending on the selected fastening technology, it is possible to determine with sufficient accuracy the amount of coppins, calculate their correct characteristics.

Determine with dimensions

There are many scientific papers that will help determine the diameter of the dashboard. But in a professional construction carpenter, certain rules have already been formed:

for a bar, a thickness of 20 centimeters and less used by the heater with a diameter of 25 millimeters;
thirdly bousing is fastened with a spike size of 3 centimeters;
the timing thickness of 0.2 meters can be mounted with a vacant 2.5 cm, but subject to a decrease in the step to the meter.

The length is still easier - the most common and recommended method - the fastening of the two logs of the impudent length of one and a half bar.

We consider quantity

Even a small sauna will require a fairly large number of spikes that need to be purchased or done, which can take a lot of time. Therefore, the number of fasteners is better to know in advance.

There are fixing rules:

the first wanking is inserted at a distance of 20 to 70 centimeters to the corner;
the step ranges from one and a half to 2 meters;
two neighboring logs must be fastened.

Knowing these tricks, the height of the structure, the diameter of the bar, it can be easily calculated the number of coplings required for the construction.

Fastening technology

Drilling

A powerful drill is used if you need to do holes directly on the construction site or the machine if the timber is prepared in advance.

The second way is common in the West and allows you to collect the design of almost any house in a few days. But carefulness is required, accurate drawing, professionalism.

In the first and second case, the rule remains unshakable - the hole should be strictly vertical.

The diameter of the drill and the thickness of the driver must coincide, and for the upper tiers of the bar, the hole must even be more than a millimeter. So get rid of the saving of the supporting structure due to a small vertical load. The hole is made on 2 centimeters longer than those needed so that the spike can calmly walk during shrinkage.

Baby

Usually a sledgehammer is used by a somewhat kilogram. The brazier rises inside the edge of the bar until the end of the hole, nozzles (usually from brass) are used for this.

Correct location

The ideal is the option when the branded is made in a checker order. But strictly vertical direction on parallel lines is also allowed and does not affect the strength.

It is recommended a gap before the start of the opening of at least thirty centimeters. The distance of the fastener to the corner should not exceed 70 centimeters. The step can vary from the meter to 3, depending on the material from which the bar is made (solid varieties require a smaller step).

Advantages and disadvantages

Like any other fastener, the bellows has a number of positive sides, as well as a passive of flaws.

Benefits:

The spike gives reliable clutch, prevents the crown of the crown;
Provides long-term reliability in bending loads, which can not boast nails and bolts;
Promotes a uniform shrinkage at home. The fastening element freely walks along the vertical plane, preventing horizontal deformations;
The wooden product is not subjected to the formation of moisture and corrosion, excluding the process of rotting;
Limit cheapness. Even the purchase of ready-made braids will not hit the pocket too much, allowing you to minimize the budget.

But there are disadvantages:

Mounting complexity. The absolute vertical location, the perfect selection of diameter, implies the presence of decent construction skills;
Serious quality requirements. The presence of bitch or heterogeneity of the material can lead to deposits;
Excessive application for climbing often leads to cracks in a bar. After that it must be changed.

There is a set of tricks during installation, allowing to build a house of your dream, which will serve for many years:

Chess order. The condition is not compulsory, but highly recommended by carpenters of all stripes;
In order to avoid savings, it is necessary to use wooden nucleation rounded form. Square products are mostly promoted by manufacturers, as they are easier to manufacture;
When driving, you can and need to reduce friction. To do this, it is enough to use a soap solution;
It is recommended to use fasteners from birch. This guarantees the reliability of the structure, gives a certain charm, while not increases the cost of construction;
Similar humidity between spike and bar - The principal condition of the durability of the structure. It is necessary to pay close attention to it;
Do not hesitate to use additional fastening elements. Science does not stand still, modern devices can greatly facilitate the task.

Concrete density in many respects is very high, which makes it an ideal building material for the construction of walls and overlaps. However, it is very difficult to build fasteners for shelves, chandeliers and other "mounted" interior details. In this article we will look for a solution to this problem, and will help in this brave.

What is it and where applies

It is a regular self-sufficiency with a reinforced rod and a hex head that can be screwed into concrete.

In addition to small items, with their help you can strengthen:

door boxes;
rama;
fences;
pipelifiers;
radiators heating.

Below will look more in more detail with the varieties of such fasteners, as well as how to use the brace of concrete correctly.

Views

Methybal products used for installation in the surface of concrete are usually classified according to the following features:

Head shape	Secret (conical with cruciform slots). Hexagon (under the horn and precipitant key, carving - internal, slots - cruciform). Hardware-studs having a threaded Sgon under the nut. Screws with rectangular or in the form of a hook with a headband, can be rounded.
Type of protective coating	Galvanized (silver) hardware, which are used in different places - outside and indoors. Copyright (yellow) products are applied only for internal works. Locked (black) screws allowed to use only indoors with normal humidity.
Shape and thread thread on the rod	Universal hardware - their length 12-220 mm, Ø 3-6 mm. An ordinary carving in the form of a helical groove is cut on the rod. The instruction allows them to mount them into the seating hole (where the dowel is pre-installed) and directly into the wall of foam concrete. Screws "Universal" with the knurling knot on the rod. They are mounted only in the planting holes with a polymer sleeve (dowel). The depth must exceed the length of the methization by 3-5 mm. Product length - 12-200 mm, Ø 3-8 mm. When installed, an ordinary or impact screwdriver is used. Agel - screws having a variable thread. They screw in the walls immediately without prior abuse. This is his feature. Screwing is carried out by a shock screwdriver and passes without delays. The length of hardware is 70-200 mm, and the diameter is the same 7.5 mm.

The shape of the head directly affects the installation of self-build. For example, screws in the form of hooks and studs are allowed to install only in the hole, pre-dried and with a dowel. Others without drilling or with him.

For example, screws with a hexagon or secret head screwed up without reserving the planting hole. However, this installation is not suitable for each concrete.

Tip: The best is a cellular concrete, and reinforced concrete for this installation method is not suitable.

The price of self-sufficiency depends on the scope of their application, shape and thread steps, also affects it also the length of hardware. With the "Christmas tree" items will cost cheaper than braided and universal, and 12 mm shields will cost cheaper than 200 mm, since less material and working time will be spent on it

Choose and install the self-tapping screw

Usually, screws for concrete are selected by the magnitude of the load, which they will have to withstand the interior details due to weight. For example, to support 100 kg, it is necessary to need a self-upheat length from 160 mm and Ø10 mm, but the shelf weighing 5 kg holds a self-tapping screw up to 25 mm and Ø3 mm.

After determining the type and dimensions of the product, you can start the installation procedure. In this case, the versatile screws are made and universal screws are allowed to screw into the wall (floor or ceiling) immediately, without making the preliminary abuse of the base, at the same time with the treadmaker with a treadmill.

Tip: Screwing with the "Christmas tree" should be installed in the seating hole, the diameter and length of which must exceed its dimensions by 5 mm.

This is due to the fact that after drilling, it requires a dowel (preferably in tension). It can be made of polymeric materials or wood, its main duty is to accept and hold fasteners. You can screw the screws in the dowel with your own hands with an ordinary screwdriver.

Tip: After drilling holes, remove dust from it.

It is important to correctly use a self-tapping screw, otherwise it can be just broken. Spin the screw with a non-counted head is necessary with a certain effort, following it, it does not break it during the process, the elementary pulling. You can also break the head due to the high heating temperature of the body.

Wood is widely used as a material for outdoor enclosing structures. A profiled timber becomes especially popular in recent years. From it, houses for year-round residence and other purposes are built.

Begroes are used as one of the most reliable ways to connect elements when the walls are erected. They provide sufficient stiffness of the structure, leaving the opportunity for a normal shrinkage.

The correct installation of the brazen will allow you to reliably connect the individual items into a single system with the necessary properties. There is a detailed instruction on the use of such fasteners, the exact execution of which will make it possible to achieve the desired result. Qualified carpenters masters well know the specifics of using these connecting elements.

Basic concepts and appointments

Wood - material of natural origin with a non-uniform internal structure. When drying, not only a proportional change in volume, but also some deformation is occurring. It is determined by the mutual location of the fibers, annual rings and other factors. As a result, there is a shrinkage of material with the formation of gaps between the elements, cracking and other unpleasant phenomena.

A berth for a bar is a round or square fastening element. It is designed for the detachable connection of two adjacent parts. Agel can be made of solid wood or metal wood mainly.

The geometric dimensions of the fastener used must match the bruus. A small cross section and length will not provide the necessary stiffness of the structure, but too large can lead to destruction.

Metal bellows can be solid or hollow, and the cross section of it, as in the case of a wooden - square or circular. Often to save money, they are made of cash or infirred materials: steel reinforcement, water pipe and metal rolling. The improper use of this type of fastener may cause damage to such a sufficiently expensive material as a profiled timber.

Under the impudent, the deaf holes of the corresponding diameter in both combined parts are dried. The number and location of the attachment points is determined in accordance with the requirements of the Guidelines in particular Snip 2.01.07-85. The work uses a special drill to drill a bar under bentage with the necessary devices and drills of the required diameter.

Manufacturing and use of brazers in the construction of houses from a bar

Important!
The best material for coppier according to the statement of masters is birch.

Making brazing from wood

The cylindrical shape of this connecting element is a classic body of rotation. Accordingly, a lathe with a set of corresponding incisors is most suitable for its production. Lumber dried to certain humidity are used as blanks. Preference is given to the outer parts of the barrel, where the density of the wood is higher, which means it is able to withstand heavy loads.

You can make it possible to make it yourself in the presence of the necessary equipment in the home workshop.

The procedure for performing operations is as follows:

we select the preparation of suitable size and shape, wood should not have cracks, deep damage, bitch, and the like;
install it in the machine receiving device and carefully fix in strict accordance with the use manual;
we launch the engine and with the help of a cutter, give the billet with a cylindrical shape;

as the chips are removed, we measure the diameter with a caliper;
upon reaching the required indicator, we cut a blank for a certain length and make a chamfer; (see also an article)
remove the finished product from the machine and repeat all the actions described for the next workpiece.

The qualified joiner for the manufacture of one brazening in the presence of everything necessary will take just a few minutes. An inexperienced wizard will spend more time, but practice shows that the necessary skill is impeded fast enough. The price of products of own manufacture will be minimal.

Tip!
Please note that when working on a turning machine you need to use glasses to protect your eyes against chips.

Application of aging when erecting walls from a bar

The procedure for performing house assembly operations is determined by technology.

Installation of brazers in a bar is made as follows:

on the lower part, the tags of the attachment points are applied, their number and the distance between them is calculated according to the regulatory documentation;
holes under the brazing should be located strictly along the axial line of the bar and be perpendicular to its outer surface;
for drilling, a drill is used with a drill, during operation it should be retained with both hands, and the body position should be stable;
it will be optimal to use a tool with a special nozzle, which ensures its required position in relation to Brus, this will significantly speed up the work;
the total depth of the holes must be somewhat more than the length of the heel, which will ensure the necessary thermal gap. (see also an article)

The assembly of the profiled timber on the brazen is as follows:

in the drilled in advance of the holes of the lower bar, the connecting elements are inserted and coaled with a wooden hammer - inquiry;
the next prepared part is raised together with an assistant during the edges and turn the holes down;
singing the holes with brazings, the bar is put on them and hesitated until it stops.

Helpful advice!
When performing such an operation as an assembly of a bar on a brake is difficult to achieve alignment of holes with fasteners.
Simplify the action will help the involvement of another assistant, who will send a bar with great accuracy.
To reduce friction in the assembly, experienced masters use a soap solution.

Reliable fastening of a bar with brazers, nevertheless, must have some degree of freedom. When the wood is dried, the change in shape and a decrease in volume is inevitable, as well as a thermal expansion when heated. The material is left by some degree of freedom to compensate for the change of linear dimensions.

Conclusion

Begroen for timber vehicles are the most optimal version of the connecting element for the construction of buildings. They provide the necessary strength of the enclusive design and do not allow the blocking of its individual elements.

The video in this article will help get an accurate idea of \u200b\u200bthe manufacturing process and applying this type of fastener.

Carpenters and cabinetries in their activities are often used compounds from coppids, swords, shocks and wedges. Different methods are used in situations when it is necessary to accurately and tightly join the wooden parts of some design, such as a log cabin or some kind of separate part.

Wooden copper - This is essentially nails from the tree.

Nog (From the German word Nagel, that is, a nail) is a rod that is placed in the technological hole to prevent the shift of the connected parts with each other.

Wooden braid found their application for a very long time, they have always been the main fasteners of carpenters, and until today occupy their important place in the woodworking industry and house-building. And the point is not that steel nails are more expensive or as in the past were rare enough.

Tree and steel are absolutely heterogeneous materials and that they join the "conflict" among themselves. Therefore, it is an opinion that this application of nails or other metal fasteners is considered a sign of not the highest qualification of a carpenter. But you need not to forget that they can take place and from other materials.

Wooden brand requirements

Requirements for braided wood:

dry wood
without fungi and mold
without bitch and cracks
diameter at least 25 mm.

The density of the wood of napillates for assembling houses should be higher than the wood of a church. The most commonly used birch, that is, birch brazings, less often from pine.

Properties of aging from wood

One of their positive properties of wooden brazing is their property when wetting, swell and make the connection to indefinitive, which has found its use in the construction of boats in the old days.
Another property is that the wooden bellion almost perfectly holds a vertical load, which is reflected when assembling log cabins from a bar and logs.
Wooden bellows consists of the same material as the walls of a log cabin and therefore create an almost perfect and durable connection
When using brazers from wood passes more evenly

Installation technology and valve

1. Important: Holes are drilled strictly vertically

2. The diameter of the drill, which means the holes should be equal to the diameter of the brace or 1-2 mm more

3. Woodengot must without effort to enter the hole (it is possible to use the Wooden Cyanka force)

4. Half the wann must be 4-5 cm less than a length than a drilled hole (it is necessary that the log house "does not hover" on the impudent, but normally donkey)

5. The length of the brake is taken so that it is to connect two, and sometimes three crowns at once.

6. The first bells put a distance of 30-50 cm from the corner

7. The distance between the bellows is usually 1.5-2.0 m.

8. Begroen put in checker

What is better metallic or wooden brazing?

It is believed that wooden brazening is better, as a tree with a tree "contacts", making the connection is durable. Wooden bent almost perfectly holds a vertical load, which is justified by their use in a wooden house-building.

The metal brazen has the properties to rust over time and bend under the load, thereins them minus.