What does not indicate the numeral in Russian. Types of Numbers' names - Simple, composite and complex

The name is numerant - this is an independent significant part of speech, uniting words that indicate numbers, the number of objects or the order of items with the score and answer the question how much? Or what?.

The numeral is part of speech, which combined words on the basis of the generality of their value - the attitude to the number. The grammatical signs of numerical are inhomogeneous and depend on what category the value belongs to the numeral.

Numeral discharges

Allocate quantitative and ordinal numerals.

Quantitative numerals denote abstract numbers (five) and the number of objects (five tables) and answer the question how many?

Quantitative numerals are whole (five), fractional (five seventh) and collective (five).

Whole quantitative numerals denote integers or quantities. Whole quantitative numerals are combined with accountable noun, i.e. with such nouns, which denote objects that can be calculated by pieces.

Fractional quantitative numbers denote fractional numbers or quantities and are combined both with accountable noun (two third candies) and with unnecessary nouns (two third water), but cannot be combined with animated nouns.

Collective numerals denote the number of objects as an integer. Collective numerals include both words, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten. Collective numerals have limited compatibility; They are not combined with all nouns, but only with some:

1) with noun, which are called male people (two men); Numeral both are also combined with noun, denoting female people (both women),

2) with noun people, face, child (five people, people, children),

3) with the names of cub animals (seven goat),

4) with noun having forms of only multiple numbers (two sled); These nouns are combined predominantly numerical, three and four,

5) with nouns, calling pair items (two socks); Two socks are two socks, and two socks are four socks, i.e. two pairs of socks,

6) With personal pronouns, we, they (there were no two).

The ordinal numerals denote the procedure of objects at the score (first, second, fifth, one hundred and twenty-fifth) and answer what question?.

Disclaimers in structure

According to the structure, numeral simple and composite are distinguished.

Simple numerical one-components (two, two, second).

Composite numerical non-components, i.e. they are written with spaces (fifty five, five tenths, five thousand fifty fifth).

Complexes 2 and 3 also distinguishes complex numerals, which are one-component, but have two or more roots (five-cells, fifth-and-hundred-thousand-nth). In the 2 complex 2 in this group, for some reason, the numeral, ending at the tenant (tent-advance), in which the element is not the second root, and the suffix.

The allocation of complex numeral in these training complexes is associated with the methodological purposes - teaching the declining of complex numerals with the second roots means and -t-and-cell-Ø).

Nevertheless, it is more logical to divide the numerals into two groups - simple (single-component) and composite (non-component). At the same time, a group of simple numerals should be combined as non-derivative numeral (five) and derivatives (fifteen, fifty).

Grammatical signs of quantitative numerical

The only "full-fledged" morphological sign of quantitative numerical is a sign of the case. Nutigatives do not have a morphological sign of a number (about words one, a thousand, million, billion years later). The morphological sign of the genus is represented only in numericid, both, one and a half, and they are opposed to two generic forms, one - for the male and medium kind (two tables, windows), the other - for the female genus (two parties):

As we can see, in words two and a half, generic differences are manifested only in I. p. And V. p., The Word of both generic differences are traced in all cases, and in I. p. And V.P. They are expressed by the end, and In the remaining cases - based on (if you take such a division on the morphemes, which is given in the table).

The change in the number of pidewings is called declination. In numerals, special types of declination are presented (called numerical linguistics) and substantive deposit types.

Special two, three, four, forty, ninety, one hundred, and a half, and a half, one and a half, and a half, are inclined.

As we can see, the numerical three and four are inclined equally, and in the problem, a hundred and a half and a half, only two forms differ - one for I. p. And V. p., Other - for R. p., D. p., T. P. and P. P.

Nutritive five - twenty and thirty decline in III substantive decline, i.e., as a word night, and in numeral eight-handed variable forms of T. P. - Eight and eight.

In numerical fifty - eighty and two hundred - nine hundred (i.e., the names of dozens on -YE and hundreds on -cot) are inclined both parts: the first is the corresponding simple, the second one is the substantive decline.

Quantitative numerals are characterized by a special compatibility with nouns.

Whole and collective numerals are combined with noun as follows: in I. p. (And V.p. with inanimate nouns) numerical is the main word and manages the nouns, requiring its setting in R. p. The singular number (with numerical two, three, Four) or multiple numbers (with native five and more). In the rest of the case, the main thing is the noun, and the numerical agreement is consistent with it, for example:

two (I. p.) Table (R. p. E.C.)

two (R. p.) Tables (R. p. Mn. h.)

two (d.p.) tables (D. p. Mn. h.)

two (T. p.) Tables (T. P.)

(o) two (P. p.) Tables (P. p. Mn. h.)

Fractional quantitative numbers always control R. n. Noun, and the number of this noun depends on the meaning of the design, Wed: one second candy is one second candy.

In grammatical terms, among the quantitative numerical words, the words one, thousand, a million, billion, trillion and other names of large numbers are allocated.

The word one changes by childbirth, numbers and cases that are consistent with the nouns (one table, one part, one window, Single). In the quantitative value, the shape of the plural number of the word one is combined with noun having a form only multiple number. The word one on a mixed decline is inclined: in I. (V.) P. has substantive endings (one-Ø, one-A, one-o, one-Ø), in the rest of the case - adjective endings. In other words, the numerical one grammatically behaves like a relative adjective.

The words are thousands, a million, billion, etc. have a permanent morphological sign of the genus (the first thousand - wives. Rod, the first million - a husband. Rod), change in numbers and on cases (the first thousands and, first Thousand-Ø). These words are inclined on substantive declines (thousand - I declination, a million, etc. - II declination). When combined with noucent, these words always control the nouns, requiring its formulation in the form of R. p. MN. Numbers:

I. p. Thousand tons

R. p. Thousands of tons

D. p. Thousands of tons

B. p. Thousand tons

T. p. Thousandth tons

P. p. (O) a thousand tons.

In other words, these words grammatically behave like nouns. Their attribution to numeral occurs only on the basis of their meaning.

In the proposal quantitative numerical along with the nouns to which it applies is one member of the sentence:

I bought five books.

Grammatical signs of ordinal numerical

Grammatically ordinal numerical similarities with relative adjectives. The ordinal numbers change according to childbirth, numbers and cases and in all forms are consistent with the noun, which relate. The ordinal numbers are inclined for an adjective decline (the word third - on the mixed: the third-Ø, third-of it, a third, to him, third-of-them, third). In composite ordinal numerical inclines, only the last part is inclined:

I. p. Two thousand second year

R. p. Two thousand second year

D.p. two thousand second year

V.p. two thousand second year

T. p. Two thousand second year

P. (O) Two thousand second year.

In Russian, part of speech, denoting the number of items, the amount or order is called numeral. This article describes in detail the features of numerical, their structure, decline in cases, meaning and main problems. For better assimilation of the material, visual examples are given.

Russian language

Independent part of speech that answers questions which the? how much?and denotes the number of objects, order or quantity called nUMBER

Examples: fifth, eighth, seventeen, twenty five.

Drawn quantities can different parts of speech, but you can only write this part of speech using numbers. (Five horses - five (5) horses).

The history of the numerical system goes to the distant past formation of the Pyranceo-European language, where a tenth system of calculus was used.

Numbered issues

In Russian, there is no clear concept in Russian, there is no clear idea which verbal forms to relate to this part of speech. The fact is that by its origin, they are all relate to different basics. Conditionally, all points of view can be divided into two main groups - the study of forms in a wide or narrow understanding.

Structure of this part of speech

The composition differences such types:

Simple numerals consist of one base and describe only one digit (Four, eight, one).
Sophisticated - describe two digits that are connected in one word (twelve, fifteen, sixty).
Composite - consist of several words that are written separately (one thousand eighty eight).

What are needed for something?

To designate (call) numbers - ten, forty five, nineteen;

To indicate the subject number - five kittens, four apples;

To determine the counting order - seventh, second, twenty-first.

In the sentence, they can act as any member.

Decay by case

The name is numerical as part of speech has a category of case, and words denoting counting order vary in numbers and childbirth. The declination of cases has different types depending on the type of numeral. "Russian grammar" from 1990 indicates the existence of two species - substantive and adjective.

Substantive:

from five to ten and on the fifty, mean (six, seventeen, fifty);
numbers (two hundred, six hundred and pr.);
forty, ninety, hundred, one and a half, one and a half.

Adjective Show as adjectives and have two varieties:

The words two three four;
The words both, bothand indefinitely quantitative (Little, a lot, little, etc.).

With the change in the case of the endings, there are difficulties in the formation of forms of words and their oral speech. The norm of the literary language is the change in all parts of complex and composite forms (Fiftyst seven-day two rubles).For a sequence numerical component, there is a rule that provides for a change in such words only the last part on the principle of adjective (A thousand nine hundred and sixty for the first year - in a thousand nine hundred and sixty-first.)

Plan

1. Number Numeral as part of speech.

2. Groups of numerical composition and structure.

3. Distribution discharges for the value and grammatical properties.

4. Numbers name paradigm.

1. It is known to be a wide and narrow understanding of the numeral as part of speech. With a wide understanding, words denoted by the number and order of objects are considered numerical: two, two, second. In a narrow understanding, only quantitative numerical, ordinal is included in the adjectives.

Numeral - ϶ᴛᴏ The significant part of the speech, which expresses the combination of the words located in a strict sequence of a certain consideration of it, while some words are called the elements of this system - separate numerical concepts (number, number of objects, The score is a place in the counting row).

From point of view morphological The numeric name is characterized by only one category inherent in a numeral, this is a category of case. The formation of a numeral as part of speech is associated with the loss of the grammatical category of the number, the semantics of which has become a seasuret value of the numeral as a special lexico-grammatical class of words: Most numeral names are not changed by numbers and childbirth.

Syntactic signs. There are no unity in the syntax signs of nigal names.

So, in I.-V. Cases quantitative numerical (except for numeral one) manager Nouns, being the main member of the phrase, and the phrase is incomparable, acting in the function of one member of the sentence. In the rest of the case consistent With noun, while the noun is the main member of the free phrase. For instance: three student – three students.

The ordinal numbers in the entire cases are consistent with the noun, speaking as a dependent component ᴛ.ᴇ. behave like adjectives, for example: second exam – second exam.

In the proposal, quantitative numerical can be pushed any syntax function (more often in the role of the supplement): Flusted seven Filins, admire the eating with seven large trees, laughs for midnights (N.); Seven one do not expect; Two and three - five.

For ordinal numerical and quantitative one Characterized features of determination or faithful: Maxim Maksimach took out one notebook and threw it with contempt on Earth, then another, the third and tenth had the same fate (Lerm.).

Derivational signs.

Among numeral there are non-derivative lexemes ( five, one hundred), suffix education ( twenty, dVOJE, five), Difficult words ( fifty), with all the derivatives of the lexemes are formed from numerals (the words of other parts of speech are not formed).

2 . In structure, numerals are divided into simple, complex and composite.

TO simple The words consisting of one root are distinguished among them non-produced lexemes: five, ten and derivatives: eleven, twentyformed by word-forming suffix -Exte (- jean) (Formerly numeral ten, in connection with this, sometimes words with this suffix include a complex numeral group).

Ordinal numerical types fifth, tenthEducated from quantitative by attachment of a particular morpheme - zero suffix, also belong to a simple derivative.

Complex numerals - ϶ᴛᴏ words having more than one root: sixty, sixties.

TO compound Numeral traditionally include verbal complexes consisting of two or more words: twenty five, one hundred forty nine and etc.

3. Quantitative numbersdenote abstract numbers and the number of homogeneous objects in integer units. They are formed on the basis of a small number of words: from one before ten.

Morphological features:

All change on cases;

According to childbirth, numerant changes one: one, one; Two - two;

Mys of MN.ch. alone Numeral one Not expressing the sets of multiplicity, it is used as a purely formal means of expressing matching, deprived of grammatical content (for example: some hours, some hands);

Syntactic features (See the 1st question).

Declination:

Numeral oneinclined by the type of attractive adjectives 3 declines: one - Dyadin;

NUMBER two three four have irregular case finishes: two, two, two…);

Numeral OT five before twenty and thirty Showed as nouns 3 declines (for example: five – oven);

NUMBER forty, ninety, hundredhave 2 repeating case forms: in I.P.-V.P. zero ending or -o ( hundred, forty, ninety), in indirect case - and ( forty, ninety one hundred);

NUMBER 50, 60, 70, 80 Showed similarly to how nouns are 3 declines, but both parts are inclined (for example: eighty);

The name of full hundreds in numerals from 200 to 900.: Both parts are inclined (for example: two hundred, two hundred, two hundred, two hundred, two hundredstairs, two hundred);

Numeral one thousandinclined as noun 1 noun declining;

- million, Billion, Trillion - as nouns 2 declines;

Components are changing in all components: twenty seven – twenty seven, twenty-seven…

Collective numerals Denote the number of objects as a holistic totality. Collective represent from self-compressed group of nine words, they are formed from quantitative numerical first ten - from twobefore ten - with the help of suffixes -Oh- (dVOJE) I. - (five).

Collective numerals vary only by cases, the syntactic bonds have the same as quantitative.

Declining: In indirect cases, collective numerals are inclined as adjectives in the form of MN. two, three - As an adjective soft variety, the rest are like adjective solid varieties.

Collective numerals are characterized by rigid compatibility only with defined groups of words ( Alone).

Different is considered by scientists the word both (both):

· Quantitative numerical (A.N. nail);

· Collective numeral (D.E. Rosenthal, school textbooks);

· Placement-quantitative word (A.N. Tikhonov, L.L. Bulanin, RG-80): It is not the same as a designation. As indication on it (and that and this - both).

Fractional numerals Indicate the number in fractional units.

ʜᴎʜᴎ represent the components of numerical designations, ᴛ.ᴇ. are composite: in numeno-fraction - quantitative numeral, in denominator - it - ordinal: one fifth, seven eighths. The role of the second component can be the nouns, a third, a quarter: two-thirds, three quarters. According to some researchers (for example, a textbook edited by E.I. Dibrova), such combinations are not related to fractional, represent the quantitative numerical and nouns.

Fractional numerals inheritance permanently controlled by the noun, ĸᴏᴛᴏᴩᴏᴇ can stand in the form of both the only and multiple number based on the meaning: two third books are two third books.

Fractional numerals do not have categories of genus and numbers. ʜᴎʜᴎ vary only by cases. When declining fractional numerals, their components are changed (combined nouns are not inclined).

Also among fractional words one and a half and one and a half which are fractional semantics, but not in shape.

NUMBER a half, one and a half There are only two recurring case in forms: a half, one and a half For I. and V. Padegey and one and a half, one and a half For all rest . However, the word one and a halfpossesses two generic forms: form one and a half Used when combined with noun male and medium kind, one and a half - when combined with existing female clauses: a half lemon, full time melon.

Forms of one and a half / a half historically arose by the fighting of the phrase "Paul Vanior, Poland,", ᴛ.ᴇ. Half of the second, half the second. In modern Russian, they are considered words with an unproductive basis.

Ordinals - ϶ᴛᴏ Nutritive, denoting the procedure of items at the score. Their status is considered in different ways. In the works of L.V. Scherbi, in the RG-80 they are attached to the adjective, V.V. Vinogradov considers them as numeral, N.M. Shansky includes them in the adjective class (relative).

As noted by the LD explorer Chesnokov, the inclusion of ordinal words in the composition of numeral (with a wide understanding) is due to their semantic specificity: they express "the ordinal counting system, form a combination of a associative series of words interconnected by a constant strictly determined quantitative value ( first, second, the third etc.). Each word in this system has a permanent place and differs from the value of the constant elements of constant values. In this system, words (system elements) in the free sequence cannot be installed.

Grammatical and syntactic signs are bringing numeral with adit (but: in combination with most of the noun form of a plural number, it is impossible: fifth homework books). They are formed from quantitative numeral; inclined as adjectives. When declining composite numerals, only the last component is inclined: ninety-third.

The names are numerical adjacent quantitative words Type a lot, little, a little, a lot, how much, a few, so much. Their signs: combined with nouns ( many books, little people), where are the main components (as well as numeral names: a lot of work); Denote the ultimate number of items (it may change to the definition). They should be distinguished from omonymous. Signs of Omonial Instant: Combined with verbs ( talk a lot, sleep a little) are combined with adverbs ( lots of, alsome little), have a form of comparative degree ( talk more); form a form of subjective assessment ( multimito, little); They do not have a category of case. The initial part of speech in this case, according to a number of researchers, is the adverb, and numeral is in the formation stage.

Words like how much, so many vary by cases, in words lot, little, few Only Omonimous forms of I.-V. Padders.

4 . The word-substitution paradigm of quantitative numerals consists of a paradigm of declining by cases (6); Words two - from the declination paradigm by childbirth and cases (12); Words one - by childbirth, numbers and cases (24). The usual complete paradigm for the declination of quantitative numerical is equal to six members.

Fractional numerals - six members of the paradigm.

The ordinal numbers, as well as the adjectives, have a paradigm equal to 24 members.

Number name - concept and types. Classification and features of the category "Number Numeral" 2017, 2018.

Which denotes the number, number and order of items. Answers questions: how much? which the?

Numbers are divided into four lexico-grammatical discharges: quantitative (two, fifty, two hundred, three hundred fifty one) I. collective (both, two, five) - answer the question how much?, ordinal - answer the question which the? (first, second, hundredth), fractional (one fifth, three whole, two seventh). The composition of quantitative numbers includes certain quantitative and uncertain-quantitative numerals. The first indicate a certain number of units ( two, four, fifteen, one and a half, two hundred), the second is an indefinite number of units; These include words few, a lot of, lot, little, as well as locomotive numeral some, how much, somehow, how much, so many.

Encyclopedic YouTube.

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Cardinal number - Numeral, which answers the question "How much?", "how many?", how many? " etc.

Quantitatively inherent in two values.

Both certain quantitative and uncertain-quantitative numerals have a quantitative numerical value represented by two private values.
- quantitative (quantity as a sign of the subject: five heads, three stools, ten days, some years) I.
- numeric (abstract quantity, or number: four divided into two without a balance, three times ten - thirty; some - this is not any uncertainty: it can be three, five, ten, generally a little; oral speech).
Only certain quantitative numerals have a consideration and sequential value: they call the ordinal place of the subject, which when the score is stopped turns out to be the last in a number of homogeneous: house three (the house, the third in a row of houses, when the account is stopped, a limited number of three); eight, place thirty five (place, last in a row, when stopping a score, limited to 35-m).

Spelling of quantitative numerical in Russian

Simple (consist of one base) for example: "one" (1), "two" (2), "three" (3), etc.
Complex (consisting of two bases) quantitative numerals are picked together, for example: "eighteen" (18), "eighty" (80), "eight hundred" (800).
Composite (consisting of several words) quantitative numerals are written separately: "Eighty-eight thousand eight hundred eighty eight" (88888).

Spelling numerical

1. In numeral from five to twenty and also "thirty", a soft sign is written at the end, and in the "fifth" in the "eighty" and from the "fifty" on "nine hundred" in the middle of the word.

2. Nutritive "ninety" and "hundred" have the end of about in the nominative and vinegenial cases, and in the rest of the case, the end of A. ("to spend a hundred rubles", "not enough one hundred rubles"). The numeral "forty" in the nominative and vinegenic case has a zero ending, and in the rest of the case - the end of A. ("He has no forty years"). In the nominative and vinegenial case, the numerical "two" has the ending and, and numeral "three hundred" and "four hundred" - the end of A ("There is already three hundred years").

3. Complicated numeral (and quantitative, and ordinal), consisting of two basics, are written in a punch ("sixteen", "sixteenth", "nine hundred", "nine hundred and").

4. Composite numerals are written separately, having as many words as among meaningful numbers, not counting zeros ("five hundred twenty three", "five hundred and twenty-third"). However, the ordinal numerical, ending on the "-day", "-mallion", "-milliard", is written in a punch ("hundreds", "two-slip trifer million dollar").

5. Fractional numerals are written separately ("three fifths", "three whole (and) one second"), but numeral "dual-handed", "three-headed", "four-headed" are written in a punch. Nutritive "half and a half" and "one and a half" have only two cases: "one and a half" ("one and a half" in g.), The "one and a half" for the nominative and vinitive case and "one and a half", "one and a gun" for all other cases without generic Differences.

6. B composite quantitative numerals inclined all the formulations of their words ("two hundred fifty six" - "two hundred and fifty six", "two hundred and fifty-six"), with both fractional numerals also change both parts ("three fifth" - "three fifths" - "Three fifth" - "three fifth" - "About three fifths").

7. But When declining the composite sequence, only the end of the last component ("two hundred and fifty-sixth" - "two hundred and fifty-sixth" - "two hundred fifty sixth").

8. The word "thousand" is inclined as a noun feminine genus; The words "Million" and "Billion" are inclined as a noun male race with the basis for consonants.

9. Note: Nutigative "both" (m. And cf. r.) And "both" (g.) Are inclined in different ways: in the numeral "both" the basis for declining is "wallpaper" ("both" , "Both", "both"), and in the numeral "both" - the basis of "both-" ("both", "both", "both").

10. Note: With a mixed number, the noun is controlled by the shot, and it is used in the parental case of the only number: 1 2/3 m ("one whole and two third meters").

Other types of numbers

The declination of the names is numeral

In Russian, with the declining of quantitative names, all words and all parts of complex words change, and when the sequence of ordinal is the last word: five hundred sixteen - pyat appearancestamps sixteen appearance - five hundred sixteen oh .

Paide	1	2	5	40	50	100	1000	300	both (both)
I.P.	one (first)	two (Two)	five	forty	fifty	one hundred	one thousand	three hundred	both (both)
R.P.	one (first)	two	five	magpie	fifty	hundred	thousands	three hundred	both (both)
D.P.	one (first)	two	five	forty	fifty	sta.	thousands	threestam	both (both)
V.P.	one (first)	two (Two)	five	forty	fifty	one hundred	thousand	three hundred	both or both (both or both)
T.P.	one (first)	two (two)	five	magpie	fifty	hundred	thousand	thimestami	both (both)
P.P.	one (first)	two (two)	five	magpie	fifty	hundred	thousands	three hundred	(v) both (both)

Numeral- this is an independent significant part of speech, uniting words that indicate numbers, the number of objects or the procedure of items with the account and answer the question how much?or which the?.

The numeral is part of the speech in which the words are combined on the basis of the generality of their meaning - the attitude to the number. The grammatical signs of numerical are inhomogeneous and depend on what category the value belongs to the numeral.

Numeral discharges

Allocate quantitative and ordinal numerals.

Quantitativenumeral denotes distracted numbers (five)and number of objects (five tables)and answer the question how much?.

Quantitative numerals are whole (five),fractional (fiveseventh)and collective (five).

Wholequantitative numerals denote integers or quantities. Whole quantitative numerals are combined with counting noun, that is, with such nouns that designate items that can be calculated by pieces.

Fractionalquantitative numerals denote fractional numbers or quantities and are combined as accountable noun (twothird candies)so with uncountable noun (two-thirdswater),but can not be combined with animated noun.

Collectivenutritive indicate the number of objects as an integer. Collective numerals include words both, twothree, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten.Collective numerals have limited compatibility; They are not combined with all nouns, but only with some:

with nouns who call people male (twomen);numeral bothit also combines with nouns denoting female people (both women);

fromnouns man, face, child (five people, people,children);

young animal names (seven goats);

with noun having functions only multiple (Two Sanya);these nouns are combined by the estate two, threeand four;

with noun, calling pair items (two nosecove); Two socks- these are two socks, and two socks- these are four nose, that is, two pairs of socks;

6) with personal pronouns we, you, they (there were no two).Ordinalnumeral denotes the order of objects when

account (first, second, fifth, one hundred twenty fifth)and answer the question which?, what account?.

Disclaimers in structure

According to the structure, numeral simple and composite are distinguished.

Simplenumerical single-component (two, two, second).

Compoundnumerical non-compounds, that is, they are written with spaces (fifty five, five tenths, five thousand fivesyat fifth).

Complexes 2 and 3 also highlights sophisticatednumerals that are one-component, but have two or more roots (five hundred,pyat and-cell-thousand-nth).In the complex 2 in this group, for some reason also got numeral, ending on - Adjustion (Pyat-Nadbsat),towhich element - Jobit is not the second root, but suffix.

The allocation of complex numeral in these training complexes is associated with the methodological purposes - learning the declining of complex numerals with the second roots - Detailsand - For (Pyted and ten and, Pyat and Soto).

Grammatical signs of quantitative numerical

The only "full-fledged" morphological sign of quantitative numerals is a sign case.Numerals do not have a morphological sign of the number (about words one, Thousand, Million, Billionsee further). Morphological feature of the genus is represented only in numeral two, both, and a half,and they are opposed to two generic forms, one - for male and medium kind (twotables, windows),other - for female (Two parties):

	One and a half
m., cf. rank	m., cf. rank		m., cf. rank
	alternatively	stone-s
dV-U.	half-and-hard		over them	both of them
dV-MY	half-and-hard		obvious	both
	alternatively	stone-s
dV-Quality	half-and-hard		with them	both
dV-U.	half-and-hard		over them	both of them

As we see, in words twoand one and a halfgeneric differences are manifested only in I. p. and V. p., Word bothgeneric differences are traced in all cases, and in I. p. and V. P. They are expressed by the end, and in the other cases - the basis (if you take such a division on the morphemes, which is given in the table).

Changing Numeral Pades is called declining.In numerals, special types of declination are presented (called numerical linguistics) and substantive deposit types. .

Special inclined numeral two, a half(see above), three, four, forty, ninety, one hundred, and a half:

	Four	Forty	Ninety	One and a half
	four	forty	ninety	one and a half
three	four	magpie	ninety	one and a half
trem.	four	magpie	ninety	one and a half
I. p. / R.p.		forty	ninety	one and a half
three	four	magpie	ninety	one and a half
three	four	magpie	ninety	one and a half

As we see, numeral threeand fourinclined equally, and words forty, ninety, hundred, one and a halfand one and a halfonly two forms differ - one for I. p. and V. p., Other - for R. p., D. p., T. P. and P. P.

NUMBER five- twentyand thirtyinclined by III decline, that is, as a word unbeatmoreover, numeral eightpresented variable forms of T. P. - eightand eight.

In nigal fifty- eightyand two hundred- nine hundred(that is, the names of dozens on - Detailsand hundreds of -Sot)both parts are inclined: the first is the corresponding simple numeral, the second is numeral on - Detailsaccording to III decline, and in numeral on -St (-st, -st)on MN. The number of substantive declination (with the exception of Forms I. and V.).

Quantitative numbers are characterized special combinedstewwith noun.

Whole and collectivenumbers are combined with nouns as follows: in I. p. (V.p.) Numeral is the main word and manages the nouns, requiring its production in the R. p. Numbers for words two threeand fourand in R. p. MN. Numbers for words fiveand further. In the rest of the case, the main thing is the noun, and the numerical agreement is consistent with it, for example:

try ~ (p.) ^ TZLA(R. paragraph. H.); five(I. p.) tables(R. p. Mn. H) three(R. p.) tables(R. p. Mn. H.); five(R. p.) tables(R. p. Mn. H.) trem.(D. p.) tables(D. p. Mn. H.); five(D. p.) tables(D. p. Mn. H.) three(V.p.) table.(R. paragraph. H.); five(V.p.) tables(R. p. Mn. H.) three(T. p.) tables(T. paragraph.); five(T. p.) tables(T. p. Mn. H.) (o) three(P. p.) table(P. p. Mn. H.); five(P. p.) table(P. p. Mn.ch.)

Fractionalquantitative numerals always control R. n. noun, and the number of this noun depends on the meaning of the structure, Wed: one second candy- one second candy.

In grammatical terms among quantitative numerical words one, Thousand, Million, Billion, Trillionand others. Names are greater numbers.

Word onevaries by childbirth, numbers and cases that are consistent with the nouns (one table, one part, one window, alonesani).The shape of the plural aloneto designate one object combines with noun, having a form of only a plural (Some Sani, Gate, Scissors).The word is inclined oneon mixed decline: in I. (V.) p. has substantive endings (Odino, one-a, one-o, one-and),in the rest of the case, adjective declination. In other words, numeral onegrammatically behaves like a relative adjective.

The words thousand, Million, Billionet al. have a permanent morphological sign of the kind (first thousand- Women. genus first million- Husband. Rod), vary by numbers and by cases (the first thousand-and, first thousand).These words are inclined on substantive declines (Yousiacha- according to i decline, millionet al. - According to II decline). When combined with noucent, these words always control the nouns, requiring its formulation in the form of R. p. MN. Numbers: I. p. thousand tonsR.p. thousands of tonsD.p. thousands of tonsV.p. thousand tonsT. P. thousand tonsP.p. (o) Thousands of tons.

In other words, these words grammatically behave like nouns. Their attribution to numeral occurs only on the basis of their meaning.

In the proposal quantitative numerical along with the nouns to which it applies is one member of the sentence:

I bought fifth_knig.Grammatical signs of ordinal numerical

The grammatical signs of ordinal numerical are similar to relative adjectives. The ordinal numbers change according to childbirth, numbers and cases and in all forms are consistent with the noun, which relate. Inclined ordinal numerals as adjectives (by adjective decline, and the word the third- Mixed: third-0, third-of it, third-of-it, third-of-them, third,

as a pretentious adjective). In composite ordinal numerical inclines, only the last part is inclined:

I. p. two thousand fifth year

R.p. two thousands of the fifth year

D.p. two thousand fifth year

V.p. two thousand fifth year

T. P. two thousand fifth year

P. p. (O) Two thousand fifth year.

Numerical as part of speech has the following features of the presentation in training complexes.

All three complexes are studying numerical in one stage in grade 6 and represent material with minor differences. In all complexes, focus on the discharges of numerical value and the structure and the declination of numerals. The actual morphological features of numerical are considered very briefly, which does not allow for students a clear understanding of the grammatical heterogeneity of numerical different discharges and some words within the discharge of quantitative numerals.

Complex2 highlights 4 digitative discharge by value: quantitative, collective, sequence and fractional (and it is proposed that such an order of their study) and notes that "quantitative numerals change according to cases, but do not have a kind (except words one two)and numbers (except word one)".The wording "Do not have kind" requires clarification: numeral one two,and for some reason, not included in this list when considering the corresponding discharges bothand one and a halfhave a non-permanent sign of the genus, that is, they change according to childbirth, while quantitative numeral one thousand,million, billionand other names of large numbers have a permanent sign of the genus. About grammatical features of the word one thousandet al. It does not say in any of the complexes, which greatly complicates their morphological analysis. Only in Complex 2 it is said about the features of the syntactic combination of quantitative numerical with nouns and that grammatically "ordinal numerals are similar to the adjectives."

Complex3, as well as complex 1, divisions numeral on quantitative and ordinal and already inside quantitatives allocate sub-discharges, fractional and collective numerals. Due to the speech orientation of the complex, the main emphasis complex 3 makes the use of numeral: their declination, the electoral lexical combination of collective numeral, consuming words both / bothmoreover, numerals bothand bothfiled as separate words while twoand twosubmitted as the forms of one word.