Pitch beam overlap in a skeleton house. Frame beam overlap in a private house. Warming overlaps between floors
Good afternoon, dear frame structures!
I did not find a search for a similar topic, so I decided to create myself.
Often the forum flashes the question of how to make how to block the span some kind of long. Sometimes the questioning simply lacks experience, sometimes it is enough for some kind of tips or fresh thoughts, sometimes it is necessary to help choose from several options, sometimes you need to make a libez and warning a person from dangerous errors. All this is scattered along various topics, and find a problem, such as yours, is not easy.
Let's give here to help each other on overlap issues, then you can in one place and see some kind of knowledge base, and ask your question on the overlapping of the frame house.
Minimum information to task the question:
1) House plan.
2) the sizes of the spans
3) What will happen at the top - what load on the overlap
4) What is the difficulty with this overlap, which would like and why it does not work.I need help in optimizing overlapping in a frame house.
Here is the main topic about my construction:
At this stage, the UCHP is made, draw the design of the frame in Skachchap.Here is the layout:
While pre-drawn the framework of the 1st floor:
Step 500 (optimized under the OSP, as the EcoWhat insulation, inside the plasterboard will be on the horizontal crate). Yes, and step 600 somehow seems to me for a 1.5-storey house. I want to be tight)
Racks of external walls - 150x40, internal - 100x40. I plan to obstruct an OSP, so without prick.Here is a typical wall design:
Maybe someone will rush into the eyes, write.The plan shows that the house has one problem space - a living room, a span of 4900 mm. Also the opening for the stairs in this room, the size is 1100x2350 mm.
Task: Make overlapping the first floor, taking into account that there will be a residential attitude above, and on the floor will be 40mm tie.
Due to the small experience of the design of such structures, it was not possible to solve this task with a skounge. More precisely, it turned out, and most likely it will work, but I feel that this is a very optimal option with a huge overrun of the material:
On the sketch with red lines marked the walls, the blue lines are beams, the yellow square is a retaining pillar, which holds the staircase platform and props overlap.The beam step is 400 mm, the size of the beams 50x250.
Such a step and size (according to the calculator) is needed for overlapping a large span in the living room.
But he is excess on other spans.
And, although the stock may not be superfluous, but find logs of this size, for the drinking boards 50x250 in such quantities (at least in our region). Yes, and I did not want to burst money on nowhere, if you can do cheaper, and the result will be good.What days I see:
1) reformat completely overlap, radically changing the direction of beams, their cross section and step, possibly adding additional bearing elements. Here I need your help, because while I do not have a good option in my head.
2) Change the pitch of the beams, adjusting it under the spans. Then the ends were not so beautifully converged in the middle of the house, the bangs will be connected and border bridges.
3) Change the height of the beams. Then it is not clear how to make the same floor height on the second floor. In principle, it is possible to replace part of the beams for the 200th, and in the places of resting to put a plafhm board with a thickness of 50 mm to reach one height with 250-beams. Then BRIGEGI walked beautifully.
4) Maybe there is another option?Thanks in advance, everyone is not indifferent
- These are the surfaces that limit and protect it internal volume.
Their installation is made on the floors that are the main part of the frame of the house.
Therefore, the value of overlaps is difficult to overestimate.
In addition, they closure walls, forming a monolithic spatial structure of the house. The overlap in the frame house give the stiffness to the ceiling and the floor, as well as the whole house.
Overlapping beams frame house - It is processed on two edges round, forest or mounted on the rib board. You can replace thick boards thinner.
It is important to firmly consolidate them among themselves. A complex version is considered to install the box of box design, it provides good rigidity, and has the optimal cost.
The dimensions and type of beams are determined depending on the load, span and deflection. This value is reference, and if necessary, you can easily find it on the Internet. The entire design of the overlap is typical, and this allows you to fix the average loads by which the cross section of support beams is determined.
Load calculation
For attic and inter-storey floors there is a specific requirement: the beams are assembled strictly over the vertical stands of the house.
Swing and flooring
Overlapping in a frame house in most cases prevents free air circulation. When the temperature drops on the wooden elements of the overlap, condensate is formed.
First, wood quickly absorbs moisture and swell, changing its original size. And this will increase the stress in the design.
In the future, this can lead to loss of strength of the connections of parts and elements of overlapping, which will make their use impossible.
Secondly, humidity is an excellent wednesday for growth and mold. Dampness can destroy the wooden floors of the frame house for several years.
The problem of humidity and dampness mainly concerns floor overlap, and to a lesser degree of ceiling floors. For interior floors, humidity is not terrible.
Overlapping in the bathroom, kitchen and in the toilet must be complemented. And it is better to abandon the lower binder. Since this will improve the air exchange and allows you to control the status of parts and elements of the overlap.
In a frame house, install the overlap is not difficult. The main thing is to fulfill everything correctly, without a violation of technical norms. And then you do not have to remember them, while you live in your home.
Often you can hear the view that frame houses are one of the simplest, rational and inexpensive types of buildings designs. Relying on this idea, many developers choose for construction precisely frame technologies, thinking about savings and, even, about the possibility of building a house on their own. Unfortunately, the idea of \u200b\u200bthe simplicity and cheapness of framework technologies only applies to those that do not correspond to any construction standards and rules of buildings that are erected by migrant workers and inexperienced lovers to do everything with their own hands. However, the same can be said about the construction of chopped houses from a tree.
Framework technologies really have many advantages, but only in cases where the house is erected by experienced builders from industrially produced components for frame house-building. Inexperienced or illiterate builder, working with framework technology, can allow much more mistakes than when building a house from an array of wood or stone materials. Where, when building a house from massive wall materials, only several technological operations are required, framework technologies will require a much larger amount of technological "passes". With more operations, the risk of mistakes, non-compliance with technologies and improper use of materials increases significantly. Therefore, frame houses built without a project and attract qualified specialists "on Avos" or confidence in migrant workers may be short-lived, soon demand overhaul due to unsatisfactory consumer qualities (freezing, wetting insulation, high heating costs, rotting structural elements , destruction, both individual elements and the whole design as a whole). Unfortunately, in Russia, the list of regulatory construction documentation was significantly limited, on the design and construction of frame houses. Currently, there is currently a set of rules of 2002 SP 31-105-2002 "Design and construction of energy-efficient single-quality houses with wooden framework", developed on the basis of outdated national standards on the housing construction of Canada in 1998.
In this article, we present a brief overview of the main errors and violations of the technology of frame house-building.
Construction without a project.
This is a universal "general" error when choosing any construction technology. However, it is precisely in the framework technology that the price of errors can be especially high and lead to the costs of funds instead of their savings as due to the use of excessive material (frame from a large cross section) and the need for repairs due to insufficient beam sections, rare steps of their installation, The destruction of structural elements due to unaccounted loads, incorrectly selected methods of compounds in nodes and fastening materials, biological destruction of the tree due to violation of pair-moisture.
Construction of a tree "Natural humidity".
Almost nowhere in civilized countries do not build houses from raw wood, as well as earlier in Russia they never built houses from freshly edged trees. In the joint venture 31-105-2002 p. 4.3.1 says: "Bearing structures (framework elements) of homes of this system are made of lumber of coniferous rocks dried and protected from moisture during the storage."Raw tree is only a semi-finished product for the production of building materials. In Russia, sellers and suppliers delicately call raw sawn timber "natural humidity". Recall that freshly served wood has a humidity of 50-100%. If the tree is melted on water, then the humidity is 100% or more (the amount of water exceeds the amount of dry matter). "Natural humidity" usually implies that the tree dried a little when processing and transporting, and moisture in it contains from 30 to 80%. When drying outdoors, the amount of moisture decreases to 15-20%. The normal equilibrium moisture dried by an industrial method of wood, which is in contact with the atmosphere will be moisture magnitudes 11-12%. When the wet tree is dried, the lifetime length is reduced by 3-7%, and the volume of wood is 11-17%. The use of wood "natural humidity" for the construction of frame houses leads to an uncontrolled wood drying, which changes the linear dimensions of the structural elements, can lead to deformations, cracking and ruptures of wood with the destruction of fasteners. When the wooden frame is opened, numerous slots and gaps are revealed, significantly increasing the thermal conductivity of the walls of the frame house, tearing insulating materials that prevent moisture penetration. When the tree is dried, its density increases, which leads to better conductivity of vibrations and sounds.
Construction of lumber without preliminary antiseptic processing.
Even in the most correctly designed frame house, the loss of a certain amount of condensate on the sections of media are inevitable, which in the frame houses are much larger than in buildings from massive materials. The moisturized tree containing polysaccharides in its structure is an excellent nutrient medium for various forms of microflora and microfaunas, which are capable of destroying the structure of the tree in a short period of time. The SP 31-105-2002 (clause 4.3.2) states that all wooden elements located closer than 25 cm from the ground level are subject to antiseptic processing from the ground and all wooden elements made from dry wood.
Incorrect use of materials.
In the classic framework technology, the carcass corner racks should not be made from a bar or three shot down ones - in this case, increased heat loss through cold angles are provided. The correct "warm angle" is assembled from three vertical racks located in mutually perpeclar planes.
For the framework of the frame, materials that are capable of carrying loads are used. For example, an OSP should be structural and intended for external work.
Warming of vertical frame walls is permissible only with tight insulation plates. Bending and rolled insulation due to shrinkage and climbing can only be used on the horizontal surfaces or in roofing with a slope to 1: 5. When using the cost-effective versions of the plates of low-density insulation, it is recommended for the warning of the slazing to fix each row slab struts between the plates. This solution increases the cost of the structure, increases the thermal conductivity of the wall, so it is more profitable to use a higher density warmer with a more expensive insulation. The size of the openings between the frame racks should not exceed the transverse size of the insulation plates - 60 cm. Even better, if the size of the opening is reduced to 59 cm to eliminate the slots between the racks and the insulation stoves. You can not fill in the walls by trimming the insulation - there will be many slots.Wrong fastening of materials.
Black screws can only be used to fasten sheet materials. The use of black screws in the force frame, especially in a wet carcass, can lead to the rupture of these unreliable fasteners having low cutting strength.
In all cases, the assemblies of the power elements of the frame are used galvanized nails, or chromed or brass self-tapping screws with a minimum diameter of 5 mm. The use of perforated steel fasteners without ligation of wooden elements does not always guarantee the design strength of the frame.
The fastening elements of the beams and other elements of the power frame are unacceptably mounted to osp with plates, especially nails.
When feeding the leaf elements with nails or screwing them with self-storms, it is unacceptable to blame the cap or head deeper than the surface plane of the material. From the point of view of structural strength, the bulking of the head or a hat on the half of the material thickness is considered to be the missing element of the attachment and should be duplicated correctly installed screws or nail.
The minimum distance from the edge of the casing material to the cap or the head of the fastening element is 10 mm.
Since 2012, the International Building Code for residential buildings (International Building Code, clause 2308.12.8) requires to prevent the shift during an earthquake, wind load, and the like. Fasten the frame of all the newly erected frame buildings to the foundation with anchor bolts through the clamping plates with a size of at least 7.6 to 7.6 mm with a plate thickness of at least 5.8 mm. The minimum diameter of bolts or anchors is 12 mm.
Construction of frame houses on the "innovative" technologies.
The most common framework technology in the world provides a consistent assembly of "platforms" - floors with floors, followed by the assembly on them of the walls and install them into the vertical position. In this case, builders are conveniently moving around in a solid surface, it is convenient to work with the materials, any deviations from the project position can be eliminated before the construction of the walls, and the overlap itself is reliably resting on the subjectable structures. Domestic builders for some reason are trying to invent their own options for the construction of a skeleton house with assembling walls "at the place", mixing the construction technology of a frame house with the technology of the header or "pillars and beams" with the ceiling device last, which is fraught with the need for cutting or "hanging" The beams of overlaps, the need to move through temporary fasteners, with a high probability of injury when falling from height.
Errors work with the beams of floors of the frame house.
Most errors are performed with the fastening of the beams. It is best to get beams on the upper strapping of bearing walls, for runs. It is forbidden to reduce the segment of the beam by the cutout for docking with the strapping. If you need to dock the beam overlap with the strapping beam or the beam run, the beam should be mounted through a lining support bar with a penetration of nails or using steel beam supports. Steel support of the beam should have a height equal to the height of the beam and secure nails through all the mounting holes. Fastening the beams using a smaller support, the impetus of all mounting holes, fastening with black screws, fastening only on nails without a reference bar.
The most common block of overlapping beams in the global practice of frame house-building is from 30 to 40 cm. Such a pitch of beams allows you to get strong floors that are not flexing under the impact load. The ceiling device in more than 60 cm is not recommended at all. The minimum thickness of the sheet materials for flooring on the floor beams is 16 mm for a 40 cm beam steps.
Often, bending bending beams, glorify the plafhmy from the boards, and without installing them on the edge.
The carrier's ability of ceiling increases if the coating sheet of black floors is additionally glued to the beams of overlaps.
The carrying ability of frame floors can be increased due to the rigid transverse bay links. Such links are set in increments of 120 cm and can serve as a support for internal undesupply partitions (through the black floor). Also, the transverse struts serve as an obstacle to the spread of a flame during a fire.
How to drill holes in the beams of overlaps:
Loop beams:
Composite overlapping beams can be cut or drilled only in certain locations according to the manufacturer specifications. The upper and lower elements of foreign beams should not be impaired. No more than 3 holes are allowed to one beam. One hole with a diameter of up to 40 mm can be drilled in any part of the 2-way beam with the exception of the reference parts. Loop glued beams Wood-OSP-tree have the "top" designation. With independent manufacture of OSP-based beams, the direction of the power axis of the material should be taken into account.
Wood sawti beams:
Work errors with a skeletal house.
On foreign construction codes and recommendations of the American Association of Engineering Wood (APA), the samples of OSP can be sized as vertically and horizontally. However, if the slab is oscilted along the frame racks, the axis of the force (indicated on the OSP panel with arrows and the inscription Strength Axis) will be parallel to the racks. Such a layout of the plates is useful only to enhance the weak racks of the framework working on compression without significant lateral and tangent loads (which is almost unreal in real operating conditions). If the OSP slabs are intertwined perpendicular to the racks, they enhance the framework of the building to perceive the tangent and side loads arising from the effects of wind, the bases of the base when the soil moves. Especially relevant horizontal covering with panels of an OSP in frames with missing cakes, to impart the desired stiffness of the structure. If the sheets of the OSP are stacked across the racks, the power axis will be perpendicular to them, and OSP sheets will solve a large load on compression and stretching. So, for example, in the domestic SP 31-105-2002. "Design and construction of energy-efficient single-headed residential buildings with a wooden frame" is provided (Table 10-4) Recommended parameters of the minimum thickness of plywood for fraternizing the frame: if the fibers of plywood are parallel to the frame racks at a step 60 cm, then the minimum plywood thickness is 11 mm. If the fibers of plywood are perpendicular to the racks, then you can use thinner sheets with a thickness of 8 mm. Therefore, it is preferable to lay the sheets with a long side not along, but across the racks or rafters. For the outer sheaving of single-storey frame houses, an OSP can be used with a thickness of 9 mm. But in the construction of two-storey houses and any homes in the zones of strong winds, the minimum thickness of the OSP for the outer sheaving is 12 mm. If the skeleton house is squeezed by soft fibrous plates of the isoplating type, then in the frame design, there must be bodies that provide side rigidity of the structure.
Between all sheet materials, the plating should be left to the temperature expansion of the value of 2-3 mm. If this is not done, then when expanding the sheets "swell".
The docking sheets of the sheath is carried out only on racks and cross. Sheets are set to "rotary" to ensure the chain dressing to provide greater strength of the structure of the power frame. Outdoor clamping must bind the frame of the walls with the bottom and the upper strapping.
« Pies »Flooring walls and roofing frame houses.
The main error towards the design of frame pies of overlapping, walls and roofs is the possibility of wetting the insulation from penetration into moisture. The general rule of the walls of the walls in heated premises - the vapor permeability of materials should increase from the inside of the dust. Even in the floor, where they are often done on the contrary: vaporizolation is placed on the side of the soil, and a vapor-permeable membrane - from the side of the room.
In any insulated cake of the skeleton house from the inside, there must be a solid layer of vaporizolation. The "solid layer" really means that vaporizolation should not have any defects: sheets must be glued with the overlap over the entire contour, without exception. For example, almost all builders at the frame assembly stage are forgotten to lay paosoolence under the adjustment of the internal partitions to the outer walls according to the type diagrams of the adjustment of paragraph 7.2.12 of the SP 31-105-2002.
Additionally, all the gaps between the sheets of the plating in wet rooms and on the roof should be punctured by waterproofing materials to prevent moisture ingress inside the warmed "pies".
In addition to the warning of moisture getting into the insulated pie, moisture should also be ensured: outside the frame wall should be either covered with OSP plates, which is a "smart" vapor-permeable material capable of increasing vapor permeability during medium moisturizing, or is protected by a semi-permeable membrane that ensures moisture removal from the insulation. Cheap single-layer membranes have unsatisfactory vapor permeability, and requires an air gap device between insulation and membrane. Also, cheap single-layer membranes are poorly protected from moisture penetration outside. It is preferable to use expensive superdiffusive membranes that have really good vapor permeability and can be mounted directly through the insulation.
Ventilation frame house.
Figuratively speaking, the inner space of a properly constructed frame house is identical to the inner space of thermos: heat loss through the walls is very small, and the transfer of moisture through the walls is most often practically absent (but can be maintained when used). Accordingly, it should be discharged out. Without thoughtful it becomes impossible. In a frame house, ventilation valves must be installed in each room, or the windows must have micro-level mode or embedded slotted ventilation valves. In the kitchen and the bathroom should be installed exhaust ventilation. Abroad, frame houses for permanent residence are practically not built without supply and exhaust ventilation with the recovery system.
At the end of the article, we present an illustration of a widespread "folk" design of the frame house, in Kratro, with the closest consideration there is not a single correct element.
Typical errors that we described in the article are easily prevented. Before starting to build your first frame house or hire builders, read in detail let alone already obsoletely outdated, but the only arrangement of the rules in the framework of the joint venture on the joint venture in Russian 31-105-2002. By paying attention to all the details and subtleties of the creation of the power frame of the building and ensuring the durability of its operation, you can avoid costly errors in the construction or ordering your skeleton house.
The basis of the house consists not only of walls and roof, but also includesoverlap in a frame house.It Must meet the special requirements and take into account many features. At first glance, it may seem that all overlaps are the same, and must also be performed by the same technology - but this is a delusion. For example, the design of the basement overlaps is constantly subjected to a sharp change of not only temperature, but also humidity, as well as weather conditions. Accordingly, this overlap must be taken into account on all affecting factors in order to reduce possible damage as much as possible. The floors between the floors should respond in strength and carry competent sound insulation to provide as comfortable accommodation as possible. At the same time, the church of the attic performs the function of thermal insulation to hold the most optimal temperature in the house. In connection with all these moments and the requirements for the construction technique of each overlap are somewhat different
Types of overlap:
- cocal
- inter-costing
- incotional
inter-storey overlap in a skeleton house
Specialist talks about Wooden overlap:
Even if you are a person who is far from the construction sphere, then you should be known that without a high-quality floor covering, it is extremely uncomfortable. This applies to houses from different materials. No exception and skeleton building. If you can easily equip the structure of the floor, then it will be possible to keep indoors with it, as well as create a reliable support that will extend the life of the building for several decades.
In order to make the construction of strength, you should create which will act as the basis for the future finishing coating.
Features of the design of the draft floor
If you are implemented a floor device in a frame house, then at the first stage it is worth creating a draft coating that should be as smooth as possible, flat and reliable. Ultimately, such a coating can be laid, for example, laminate. The main task of such a design will be a uniform distribution of the load on the surface. So you can eliminate the occurrence of bends and deformations of the final coating. The flooring device in a frame house can be carried out on several technologies, but lags are considered the most popular and relevant today, dry screed on the soil or wet screed over the soil surface.
Stages of the construction of rough floor on the lags
If you decide to use a technique that provides for the use of Lag, then work can be carried out in several steps. These elements are untreated bars, which are located on overlapping or soil. Their alignment should be carried out on the side where the final coating will be littered. To do this, you can apply a conventional ax. Wood is protected from aggressive factors and the effects of insects, for which the surface of the elements is processed by the antiseptic composition.
If you will lay lags on the overlap, then in the upper vents of the walls it is necessary to cut the grooves where the planed logs will be laid. Among other things, the lags are installed on brick supports that strengthen the system and extend the use of the design. When the installation of the draft coating is carried out on the basis, the soil is pre-filled with a layer of rubble in 2 cm, which must be sealing. Lagges are installed on the support pillars that are mounted on the foundation, and their protection against moisture will extend the life of the structure.
For reference
The flooring device in a frame house can be carried out from plywood, which is installed on lags. This option is obtained by budget and is distinguished by wear resistance and practicality. To reliably fasten the elements around the perimeter, you need to lay small bars from which the wooden crate should be executed. Plywood sheets are fixed with special screws or nails, the distance between which should be approximately 150 mm.
After completion of these works, you can start laying thermal insulation materials by type of mineral wool or substrate for laminate.
Creating a black coating based on a wet screed
If you are implemented a floor device in a frame house, you can apply a wet screed technology on the soil. This technique is not always preferable for the reason that the floor surface will need to leave until complete drying, which will take several weeks. The deadline will depend on climatic conditions. Today, two techniques are known for the wet screed, one of which involves the use of cement mortar, while the other is a bulk sex. The most common way to create such a base is the use of cement M-250 cement.
As a result, it is possible to obtain a smooth surface due to the inclusion in the composition of polymer ingredients. Among other things, they attach an increased resistance to mechanical loads. The thickness of this system may vary in the range from 30 to 100 mm. The tie additionally should be strengthened with metal elements.
Preparatory work
The draft floor in the frame house can be carried out according to the laying of a wet screed. At the preparatory stage, in this case, the base should be cleaned, removing garbage, foreign objects and dirt.
At the next stage, waterproofing from the polyethylene film is stacked, and around the perimeter you need to install a ribbon that will compensate for thermal expansions of the mixture. If the surface has drops ranging from 2 to 4 mm, then beacons should be installed that guarantee the perfectly smooth surface after the fill.
Methods of work
When the frame of the frame of the frame house on the tape foundation is performed, then at the next stage it is necessary to dilute the mixture and apply it, resurrecting a special plank. From the air bubbles that appeared, it is necessary to get rid of the needle, then the rough screed is left to dry around for about a month. As soon as the floor gain strength, it can be used as a rough base for laying any finishing coating, including ceramic tiles, linoleum, parquet board or laminate.
It is better to equip the bulk sex, which will be better when the surface alignment is required with a slope of up to 30 mm. However, it is strictly prohibited to apply such a mixture to the soil, since the composition provides for the need for a solid base, such as a concrete screed.
The material needs to be protected from moisture impact, therefore laying of waterproofing film is necessary. Its thickness may vary from 1 to 2 mm. The technology of laying such a solution is similar to the technique, which was described above, but the bulk floors will dry faster, and then it will be possible to carry out further work after 10 days.
Paul in a skeleton house on screw piles
The frame device of the frame house on the screw stumps will provide for the use of a bar, a chapeller or a heap. You can carry out work immediately after the construction of the pile base. For the strapping, you can use wooden beams to which lagows are attached. The length of the beams should not exceed three meters level. If the span is more than this value, then additionally use piles supports. For beams, it is recommended to use coniferous wood as a material as material.
Before installing the strapping, it is necessary to make waterproofing the base using the rubberoid, polyethylene film or foam. When the floor is carried out in the frame house on the piles, after installing the beams, you can move to the laying of the lag. The distance between these elements should be 500 mm. For the first floor, lags are used on piles, the cross section of which should be 250 mm. Whereas for the second floor it is 50x200 mm. If the spans are relatively small, which is especially concerned with bathrooms and bathrooms, then the bay cross-section can be reduced to 50x150 mm.
In order to increase the strength of the structure, you can reduce up to 40 cm. Before you begin to lay the lag, you must make a markup that will determine the distance between the elements. At the next stage, in the bar of the strapping it is necessary to make a deepening in the width of BRUSEV. As soon as lags will be laid in the groovers, they can be fixed with dowels, self-draws, nails or screws.
When the floor is carried out in a frame house, the photo is recommended to consider in advance. Perhaps this will allow you to understand what methodology work. By the way, it can be noted that the boards of a square section with a side of 30 mm are fixed from below to lags. In order to increase the strength of the floor design, the bars are connected by transverse jumpers, the distance between which is 150 cm. However, this condition is not mandatory.
Warm floor by plate
If you have completed the construction of a skeleton house, as the basis of which the stove protrudes, then it's time to do a warm floor device. The base must necessarily be clean and dry, and the maximum difference in height should not be greater than 0.5 cm. Otherwise irregularities need to be aligned. To do this, sometimes even applies a layer of low-quality concrete.
When the floor is carried out in a frame house on the stove, in the next step it is necessary to put waterproofing, so that it also performs the role of vapor barrier. To do this, you can use a polyethylene film. Fasting of the canvas should be approximately 12 cm, and the seams are connected by the scotch. It is important to lay a thick layer of thermal insulation, which will exclude heat loss. The most practical material is recognized by Penophol. In the frame house in the next stage, it provides for laying a pipeline, which is then poured all the same
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