Thermal energy for the goals of DHW. Square on a payment document for housing and communal services. The difference between the calculations of hot and cold water

Currently, hot water supply is an integral part of the life of most people on the planet. Without it, it is not in any apartment and a residential building. The arrangement of the DHW is a difficult process, moreover there are several types of systems connecting. In this article, we will look at all hot water systems, calculation and types of water heaters.

Regardless of the type of DHW, the totality of equipment is connected, which are designed to heat water and distribute it along various water points. In this hardware, water is heated to the required temperature, after which it is supplied to the house with the pump and through the pipeline. Distinguish the open and closed hot water system.

Open system

The opening system of the DHW is distinguished by the presence of a coolant circulating in the system. Hot water comes directly from the centralized heating system. The quality of water from the crane and heating equipment is no different. As a result, it turns out that people use the coolant.

The open system is named so, due to the fact that the supply of hot water is carried out from the open taps of the heating system. The scheme of the HBS of the high-rise building provides for the use of an open type. For private houses, this type is too expensive.

It should be known that the economy of the open system is occurring, due to the not the need of water heating devices for heating fluid.

Features open guv

When installing open DHW, it is necessary to take into account the principle of operation. Open DHW is two species depending on the type of circulation and transportation of the coolant to radiators. There are open source systems with natural circulation and using pumping equipment for these purposes.

Natural circulation is carried out in this way: the open system eliminates the presence of overpressure, so at the highest point it corresponds to the atmospheric, and in the lowest indicator is slightly higher due to the hydrostatic action of the fluid column. Thanks to a small pressure, natural circulation of the coolant occurs.

The principle of natural circulation is quite simple, due to the different temperature of the coolant and, accordingly, different density and mass, which cooled water with low temperatures and the larger mass displaces hot water with a smaller mass. So simply explains the existence of a self-used system, which is also called gravitational. The main plus of such a system is absolute non-volatility, if parallel working boilers for heating do not use electricity.

It's important to know! Summary pipelines make with a large slope and diameter.

If natural circulation is not possible, the pumping equipment is used, which increases the flow rate of the coolant through the pipeline and reduces the time of heating the room. The circulation pump produces the movement of the coolant at a speed of 0.3 - 0, 7 m / s.

Advantages and disadvantages of the open system

Open DHW is still relevant, due to the first energy of non-volatility and other advantages:

Easy to fill out open DHW and air shutting. There is no need to control high pressure and lower the air, as the descent is carried out automatically when filling through an open expansion tank.
Easy to make feeding. Since you do not need to monitor maximum pressure. It is also possible to attach water to the tank even a bucket.
The system, regardless of leakage, is working properly, since the working pressure is not large and the presence of such problems does not affect it.

Among the shortcomings, the need to control the water level in the tank and continuous replenishment is noted.

Closed system of GVS.

The closed system is based on such principle: the cold drinking water is taken from the central water supply and its heating in an additional heat exchanger. After heating, it is supplied by water intake points.

The closed system involves the separate operation of the coolant and hot water, it is also characterized by the presence of a reverse and feed pipeline, which are used for ring circulation of water. Such a system will provide a normal pressure even with the simultaneous use of the shower and sink. Among the advantages of the system, the simplicity of temperature control of the hot liquid is also noted.

DHW can be circulating and dead end. The deadlock system consists only of supply pipes, the method of joining which is the same as in the first case.

The advantage of closed GVS is to reduce costs due to ensuring a stable temperature. There is the possibility of mounting a towel dryer. In the closed DHW, water heaters are needed, the types of which we will look at below.

Types of water heaters

All water heaters are classified as:

Flowing devices. Such heaters warm water in constant mode, not leaving the stock. Since water is characterized by a large heat capacity, it requires an increased energy consumption for constant heating. In addition to this factor, the flow heater must be instantly driven into a working state: when you turn on the supply of hot water, when it is turned off - stop the heating. Traditional flow heaters include a gas column.
Cumulative devices. They differ in slow heating of a certain amount of water, in which 1 kW / hour is often consumed. Hot liquid is used as needed. The accumulative heaters are triggered instantly after the opening of the crane, but the power is much smaller. Among the disadvantages of such devices, large dimensions are also noted, the greater the volume, the dimensions of the device.

Calculation and recycling of DHW

The calculation of hot water systems depends on such factors: the number of consumers, the approximate frequency of using the shower, the number of bathrooms with DHW, some technical characteristics of the plumbing equipment, the necessary water temperature. Considering all these indicators, you can determine the required daily volume of hot water.

The recycling of water in the hot water supply system provides an inverse flow of fluid from the far point of the water intake. It is necessary at a distance from the heater to a long water intake point of more than 3 meters. Recycling is used with the help of a boiler, and in the case if it is impossible to use it, it is started directly through the boiler.

The hot water system can two species that are used depending on the specified parameters. The opening system uses a heating boiler, and in a closed - water heater. In some cases, it is necessary to further organize the recycling of water. Previously before installing and purchasing equipment, it is important to calculate hot water supply.

In order to answer the question "What is thermal energy?" It is necessary to figure out how hot water differs from cold, what affects the water temperature? It is distinguished by a different amount of warmth contained in it. This warmth, or other thermal energy, cannot be seen or touch, you can only feel. Any water with a temperature greater than 0 ° C contains some kind of heat. The higher the water temperature (pair or condensate), the greater it contains heat. It is measured by heat in calories, in joules, in MW / h (megawatt per hour), not in degrees ° C. Since the tariffs are approved in rubles for gigacalria, then we will take Gcal per unit of measurement. Thus, hot water consists of water itself and contained in it heat energy or heat (GKAL). Water as if saturated with gigacularia. The more Gkal in the water, the more hot. In the heating systems, the coolant (hot water) comes to the system of heating with one temperature, and comes out on the other. That is, it came with one amount of warmth, and came out with another. Some part of the warmth, the coolant is in the environment through heating radiators. For this part that has not returned to the system, and which is measured in Gcal, someone must pay with hot water supply we consume all the water and, accordingly, all 100% of the gkal in it, I will not return anything back to the system.

What is a coolant?

All hot water, which runs through pipes into the heating system or to the hot water supply system, as well as pairs and condensate (the same hot water), this is a coolant. The word coolant consists of two words - heat and carries. When calculating, heat supply companies break the coolant for Gcal and network water. The tariff for network water takes into account only the water itself, and does not take into account the gkal in it. The tariff for hot water takes into account water and gkal in it. To the coolant, depending on the targets (for heating or for DHW), there are different requirements for temperature and by sanitary standards. The heat carrier for hot water purposes has a minimally permissible temperature that the heat supply organization should provide, as well as increased quality requirements. For the goals of hot water, drinking water is taken, heats up and released. The temperature of the coolant for heating purposes depends on the outdoor temperature (i.e. from weather). The colder on the street, the stronger the heating occurs. Conclusions: 1. When paying for the heat, you will need to pay both for GKAL and for network water. When paying for the DHW, also, if a separate hot water tariff is installed. 2. The coolant - heat carries, hot water, it is the same network water + gkal in it. 3. Network water - water without gkal. 4. In life under the coolant and network water, one and the same can be understood. For those who wish to understand this issue in more detail, we suggest familiarizing yourself with the rules of thermal energy and coolant.

xn - 80aAABLG0CUG6B2J.XN - F1AVC.XN - P1AI

Leases of water heating in the receipt in 2018

Many people when paying utilities are surprised, seeing the phrase "heated water" in the receipt. In fact, this innovation was made back in 2013. According to Government Decree No. 406, in the presence of a centralized water supply system, payment must be carried out according to a two-component rate.

Thus, the tariff was divided into two components: the use of cold water and thermal energy. Now the calculation is made separately for two resources: water for DHW and thermal energy. That is why a graph appeared in the receipts, meaning the amount of thermal energy spent on heating cold water. However, many believe that the heating fee is charged illegally, and write complaints on housing and communal services. To make sure the legality of this type of accrual should learn more about this service.

The reason for such innovation was the additional use of energy. The risers and heated towel rails connected to the hot water supply system consume thermal energy, but this consumption was not taken into account in the calculation of payment for utilities. Since the heat supply fee can be charged only in the heating period, air heating due to the use of the heated towel rail was not paid as a utility service. The government has found a way out of such a situation, dividing the tariff for two components.

Equipment

If the water heater fails, the account for hot water does not increase. In this case, authorized employees of the management organization are obliged to repair the equipment urgently. But since repair requires payment, this amount must still pay tenants. Despite the fact that the heating account will remain the same, the amount of payment will be increased for the repair and content of property. This is explained by the fact that water heating devices are part of the property owners of housing.

As for non-standard situations, when, for example, part of the apartments in a multi-storey building has access to hot water, and the second is only for cold, questions regarding the heating payment are solved individually. As practice shows, often from tenants require payment of a fee for the common property that they do not use.

READ ALSO: Can it be turned off the light for non-payment of utilities

Component "Heavy Energy"

If, with the calculation of payment for cold water, everything is quite simple (carried out on the basis of the established tariff), then not everyone understands what is included in the cost of such a service as heated.

The amount for payment of such a service as heated water is calculated taking into account the following components:

established tariff for thermal energy;
the costs required for the maintenance of a centralized hot water system (from central thermal points where water heated) is carried out);
the cost of the loss of thermal energy in pipelines;
the costs needed to carry out hot water transportation.

Calculation of fees for utilities for hot water supply is carried out taking into account the volume of used water, which is measured in M3.

As a rule, the number of necessary thermal energy is determined on the basis of common values, which show the hot water counters and the spent thermal energy. The used amount of energy in each room is calculated by multiplying the volume of water (determined by the counter) on the specific consumption of thermal energy. The amount of energy is multiplied by the tariff. The resulting value is the amount necessary to pay for payment that in the receipt is registered as "heated water".

How to calculate yourself in 2017-2018

Water heating is one of the most expensive utilities. This is due to the fact that when heated, the use of special equipment operating from the power grid is necessary. To make sure that the receipt indicates the correct amount to pay, you can make calculations yourself and compare the value with the amount specified in the receipt. To do this, find out the amount of payment for thermal energy established by the Regional Tariff Commission. Further calculations depend on the presence of the absence of accounting devices:

If you have a meter in the apartment, then you can calculate thermal energy consumption, focusing on its indicator.
If the counter is missing, calculations should be based on the established regulatory indicators (installed by an energy-saving organization).

If there is a building in the residential building of the total consumption of thermal energy and established individual counters in the apartments, the accrual of the heating amount is calculated based on the testimony of the overall metering device and further proportional distribution for each apartment. If such a device is absent, the amount required to pay for heating is calculated on the basis of the energy consumption standards for heating 1 m3 of water in the reporting month and the testimony of the individual water meter.

Where to write a complaint

If the legitimacy of the emergence in the receipts of an additional line "Heated Water" is in question, so as not to overpay for heating, it is recommended to first contact the CM with a request to explain what this item means. The appearance of a new line in the receipt is legal only on the basis of the decision of the owner of the MKD premises. In the absence of such a solution, you should write a complaint to GGG. After handling a claim in the Criminal Code, you must provide an answer with explanations within thirty days. In case of refusal to justify why such a service is prescribed in the receipt, the complaint should be submitted to the prosecutor's office with a lawsuit in court. In this case, if you have already paid the amount specified in the receipt, the basis of the claim will serve Article 395 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. If the return funds are not required, but at the same time you have to pay for the services that you do not provide, apply for the exclusion of the Water Heating Row. In this case, it is necessary to refer to Article 16 of the Law "On Protection of Consumer Rights".

READ ALSO: Do I need to check the water meters in Moscow

If there is a need to appeal the actions of utilities on issues related to violations of public services consumer rights, it is necessary to contact Rospotrebnadzor. If you have any questions about the rates set on housing and communal services, you need to contact the federal tariff service.

zhkhinfo.ru.

Gkal, Coolant, Hot and Network Water

Let the management company "Our House" explain why we pay, and what differs from each other the concepts listed above. We, simple residents, difficult to lavish in technical terms.

Question from Nashdomkch.ru

Sergey Kirilyuk responds, head of the Energy Department Uzhk "Our House":

In the accounts for the payment of heat and hot water, which impose heat supply companies, the following tariffs can be indicated: - for GKAL, (rub / Gcal); - for network water (rub / t) or for heat carrier (rub / M.Kub);

For hot water or DHW (rub / M.Kub)

Not all consumers understand why they have a large amount for heat in the accounts for payment (rubles / Gcal), for hot water (rubles / m.Kub), and immediately - a relatively small amount for network water (rubles / T). What is this additional collection? I will not give the dictionary definition of thermal energy, I will try to explain "on the fingers".

Think what is the difference between hot water from cold, what affects the water temperature? It is distinguished by a different amount of warmth contained in it. This warmth (or other thermal energy) cannot be seen or touch, you can only feel. Any water with a temperature greater than 0 ° C contains some kind of heat. The higher the water temperature (pair or condensate), the greater it contains heat.

It is measured by heat in calories, in joules, in MW / h (megawatt per hour), not in degrees ° C. Since the tariffs are approved in rubles for gigacalria, then we will take Gcal per unit of measurement. Thus, hot water consists of water itself and contained in it heat energy or heat (GKAL). Water as if saturated with gigacularia. The more Gkal in the water, the more hot.

In the heating systems, the coolant (hot water) comes with one temperature, and comes out on the other. Some part of the heat water gives into the environment through the heating radiators. For this part, which has not returned to the system, and which is measured in Gcal, someone must pay.

With hot water supply, we consume all the water and, accordingly, all 100% of the gkal in it, do not return anything back to the system.

What is a coolant? All hot water, which runs through pipes into the heating system or to the hot water supply system, as well as pairs and condensate (the same hot water). The word coolant consists of two words - heat and carries. When calculating, the heat supply companies split the coolant for Gcal and network water than the misunderstanding of some consumers.

If earlier uzhku "our house" charged for hot water at tariffs on the DHW in rubles / M.Kub, now we break the coolant for the needs of DHW. We have no payment for the payment for hot water there are no tariff rub / M.Kub. We exhibit for DHW as well as for heat, separately for network water and separately for GKAL.

The tariff for network water takes into account only the water itself, and does not take into account the gkal in it. The tariff for hot water takes into account water, and gkal in it.

To the coolant, depending on the targets (for heating or for DHW), there are different requirements for temperature and by sanitary standards. For hot water, there is a minimum permissible temperature that the heat supply organization should provide, as well as increased quality requirements.

In Kachkanar there is a 2-pipe open heat supply system, from which the DHW system is powered in each single-standing house - this was determined by the project during the construction of the city. In the summer period there is no circulation of the heating system, hot water is supplied according to one of the pipes of the heating system (starting with the CHP and to each consumer).

The temperature of the heating coolant depends on the outdoor temperature (from the weather). The colder on the street, the stronger Gray.

Conclusions: - When paying for the heat you will need to pay for Gcal. When paying for hot water - both for GKAL and for network water (coolant); - The coolant - heat carries, hot water, it is a network water + gkal in it; - Network water - water without gkal;

In life under the coolant and network water, one and the same can be understood.

Tags: housing and communal services

Detected a spelling error? Highlight it with the mouse and press Ctrl + Enter

Www.kchetverg.ru.

Payment of heat and enterprise in the DHW

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated February 14, 2015 No. 129 in order to regulate the procedure for the application of two-component tariffs for hot water, changes were made to PP of the Russian Federation of 06.05.2011 No. 354 and PP of the Russian Federation of 05/23/2006 No. 306. According to the amendments to the establishment of two-component tariffs for hot water supply (hereinafter referred to as the GWS) "The size of a utility service for hot water supply is calculated based on the amount of the value of the component for cold water, intended for heating in order to provide a communal service for hot water supply, and the cost of a component for thermal energy used for heated cold water for purposes The provision of a communal service for hot water supply "(paragraph 6 of clause 38 of Rules 354), while the authorized body of the subject of the Russian Federation" establishes a power ratio of heat energy used for heating of cold water to provide a communal hot water supply service "(paragraph 32 (1) of Rules 306 ). And if the procedure for calculating the cost of the DHW between the consumer and the executor of the communal service (hereinafter referred to as ICU) was resolved (although to this day there is a huge number of cases of its violation), then when calculating between ICA and the resource-supplying organization (hereinafter - RSO) arose and continue to occur Disputes, especially in cases of household equipment with general-purpose metering devices, defining both the consumption of DHW and the amount of heat in the consumed hot water.

Heat in DHW: Both consumption and payment for payment

If we consider consumption of hot water in the MKD premises, it is easy to establish cases in which with the same amount of hot water consumption of heat consumption in this water will be different. In such cases, consumption can be attributed in the absence of circulation in the house of "cooled" hot water by those tenants who earlier wakes up in the morning or later goes to bed in the evening. Obviously, water will be more hot with long-term consumption compared to a multitude of short-term inclusions, even if the total volume of short-term inclusions is equal to the volume of long-term consumption. In the inter-octic period, there is a significant difference in the temperature of hot water in the same type of houses (for which the same consumption standards are provided), depending on the length of the DHW network, from these homes to the RSO (MKD remoteness from the boiler room) - residents of houses connected to the "end" segments of heating networks, usually Use less hot water than houses connected to the "transit" pipelines of the same networks.

Probably, to create a certain averaged unified system of calculation, the Government of the Russian Federation decided to approve the heat efficiency standards for heating DHW and entered the right to establish such standards of the subjects of the Russian Federation authorized to approve the standards for the consumption of utilities. Thus, the possibility of determining the various cost of hot water was excluded (in rubles per cubic meter), for example, for residents of various apartments of the same apartment building. It should be noted that the various cost of hot water is also excluded (in rubles per cubic meter) for tenants of one house at various months - after all, the calculation of the cost of a cubic meter of hot water consumed by the consumer must be prohibited based on the cost of the component on cold water, the tariff for which It is approved by the subject of the Russian Federation, and the value of the component on thermal energy, the tariff for which and the volume on each unit of water (the heat standard for heating DHW) is also approved by the subject of the Russian Federation. Thus, the cost of one cubometer of hot water does not depend on the actual heat consumption for the heating of this water (in any way measured or calculated), and is calculated on the basis of only those parameters, which are approved by the state authorities of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation.

If we talk about the amount of heat, consumed on the goal of hot water, all apartment buildings (hereinafter referred to as MKD), then, of course, such a number can be determined by such a generalical accounting device (hereinafter referred to as possible), which measures not only hot water consumption for the needs of DHW, but And the heat content of this water. The position of the overwhelming part of the RNO, which consists in the fact that the heat entered in the MCD is payable in full, is reasonable and logical. No less logical is to determine the amount of heat in the DHW, consumed by all MKD, according to the form that allows such a quantity to measure. At the same time, in the application of a thermal energy flow rate used to heighten the cold water to provide a communal services for hot water supply, approved by the state-owned authorities of the subject of the Russian Federation, in the opinion of these RSO, there is no need. In the absence of a dwarf system in the general workshop, the function of measuring the amount of heat (and even more so in the absence of an absurd basis) the same RSS believe the use of a heat standard for heating the DHW is already necessary.

The position is certainly not devoid of logic, however, the current legislation of the Russian Federation does not give the right to choose - use in calculating the heat regulatory standard or not to use. The standards for the application in the calculations are the normative of the flow of thermal energy used to heighten the cold water to provide a municipal service for hot water supply, are imperative to be unconditioned. At the same time, no norms on the possibility of applying in the calculations of the indications of the OKU, determining the amount of heat in the composition of the DHW, the legislation of the Russian Federation simply does not contain. Thus, the use in the calculations of such testimony is determined, although logical, but is not based on the law, and therefore it is wrong. At the same time, the use in the calculations of the heat standard of heating of the DHW is not the right provided for individual cases (for example, the absence of an aspiration, or the absence of an order to measure heat-containing in the DHW), and the duty for any cases without exception.

From the foregoing, it follows that when calculating the cost of the DHW (both between the consumer and the Contractor, the services for the DHW and between ICA and the RSO) uses the actually consumed volume of heat heating to heating water to provide a communal service for hot water supply, and the standard of heat consumption for heating DHW .

What did the court set?

These circumstances studied the Arbitration Court of the Moscow Region, and then - according to the appeal - the 10th Arbitration Court of Appeal, when considering the case on the claim of Orekhovo-Zuevskaya Heaglete LLC to the HOA "Auto-trains" (Case No. A41-18008 / 16) for recovery Debt on the payment of thermal energy. The main administration of the Moscow Region "State Housing Inspectorate of the Moscow Region", the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Moscow Region was involved as third parties to participate in the case.

In decision of 12.12.2016 in case No. A41-18008 / 16, the AU of the Moscow region indicated:

"Directly, fully and objectively examining the evidence submitted by the parties to substantiate the stated requirements and objections, the court came to the next.

As established by the court, September 26, 2012, between the plaintiff and the defendant concluded an agreement for heat supply No. 240, according to which the plaintiff is an energy supply organization, the defendant is a subscriber.

In accordance with paragraph 1 of Article 539 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (hereinafter - the Civil Code of the Russian Federation) under the energy supply contract, the energy supplying organization undertakes to submit to the subscriber (consumer) through the attached network of energy, and the subscriber undertakes to pay for the accepted energy ...

Based on Article 544 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the payment of energy is carried out for the amount of energy actually adopted by the subscriber in accordance with the data of energy accounting, unless otherwise provided by law, other legal acts or the Agreement of the Parties. The procedure for calculations for energy is determined by law, other legal acts or agreements of the parties.

In accordance with the provisions of Article 157 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the LCD), the amount of utility fees is calculated based on the volume of consumed utility services, determined by the testimony of accounting devices, and in their absence based on the standards of consumption of utilities approved by state authorities The constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the manner prescribed by the Government of the Russian Federation, on tariffs established by the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the manner prescribed by the Federal Law.

Part 5 of Article 9 of the Federal Law of July 27, 2010 No. 190-ФЗ "On Heating" found that hot water tariffs in open heat supply systems (hot water supply) are established in the form of two-component tariffs using a component for heat carrier and component for thermal energy .

According to Part 9 of Article 32 of the Federal Law of December 7, 2011. No. 416-FZ "On Water Supply and Water Controlling" Tariffs in the field of hot water supply can be established in the form of two-component tariffs using a component for cold water and a component for thermal energy in the manner determined by the foundations of pricing in the field of water supply and drainage, approved by the Government of the Russian Federation.

Paragraph 88 of the foundations of the pricing in the field of water supply and drainage approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 13, 2013 No. 406, it is envisaged that tariff regulation authorities establish a two-component tariff for hot water in a closed hot water system consisting of a component on cold water and component on thermal energy.

Thus, the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the field of price regulation (tariffs) make decisions on the establishment of two-component tariffs for hot water in accordance with the norms of current legislation.

In order to regulate the procedure for applying two-component hot water tariffs by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated February 14, 2015 No. 129 (entered into force on February 28, 2015) amended the rules for the provision of utilities to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings, approved Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 6, 2011. No. 354 (hereinafter referred to as Regulation No. 354), and the rules of establishing and determining the regulations for the consumption of utilities approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 23, 2006 No. 306 (hereinafter referred to as Regulation No. 306).

Clause 38 of Rules No. 354 provides that in the case of the establishment of two-component tariffs for hot water, the cost of a communal service for hot water supply is calculated based on the amount of the value of the component on cold water, intended for heating in order to provide a communal service for hot water supply, and the value of the component on The thermal energy used for heating cold water in order to provide a communal hot water service.

In accordance with paragraph 42 of the Rules No. 354 in the event of the establishment of two-component hot water tariffs, the cost of a utility service for hot water supply provided to the consumer for the estimated period in a residential room equipped with an individual or common (apartment) accounting device is determined in accordance with formula 23 Applications number 2 to Rules No. 354 based on the testimony of hot water accounting devices and the heat-heated rate of thermal energy used for water heating, and in the absence of such a metering device - based on the cost of hot water consumption and the cost of heat consumption used for water heating.

At the same time, the rules number 354 does not provide for the use of heat energy as a communal service, which corresponds to the provisions of part 4 of article 154 of the LCD of the Russian Federation.

Given the outlined, rules No. 354 provides for the distribution of thermal energy used for heating of cold water in order to provide a communal service for hot water supply, within the framework of a heat-heating cost of water heating for the provision of a communal hot water supply service.

In connection with this appropriate changes made to Rules No. 306, it is envisaged that the cost of consumption of a communal service for hot water supply is determined by establishing a rating of hot water consumption in a residential room and a heat-heated water flow rate for heating water for hot water supply.

So, according to paragraph 7 of Rules No. 306, when choosing a unit of measuring consumption standards for hot water supply (hot water), the following indicators are used:

in residential premises - cube. Meter of cold water for 1 person and Gcal for heated 1 cube. meter of cold water or cube. meter of hot water per person;

for generalic needs - cube. Meter of cold water and Gkal heated 1 cube. meter of cold water per 1 square. The meter of the total area of \u200b\u200bpremises belonging to the general property in an apartment building, or a cube. meter hot water per 1 square meter. The meter of the total area of \u200b\u200bpremises belonging to the general property in an apartment building.

This principle provides a fair distribution of thermal energy to heating a cubic meter of water between all consumers, depending on the volume of hot water consumption. In this regard, the procedure for determining the amount of fee for a utility service for hot water, established by Rules No. 354, fully complies with the requirements of the LCD of the Russian Federation and is established, taking into account the exclusion of the emergence of the unfair financial load on citizens.

Thus, regardless of the presence of a collective (common) device for taking into account thermal energy in the hot water system of an apartment building, regardless of the heat supply system (hot water supply) (open or closed), as well as regardless of the season of season (heating or unemic), the number of heat The energy used for heating water is determined by the procedure for heat heating of water for heating water installed in the procedure provided by law for water heating for hot water supply purposes.

Accordingly, in the presence of thermal energy flow standards for heating hot water, the readings of the metering instruments that measure thermal energy used for hot water supply are not taken into account in the calculations with consumers or in the calculations with resource-supplying organizations.

A certain order of determining the amount of fee for a communal service for hot water supply in the case under consideration of the rules No. 354 is not provided.

Civil rights and obligations of the management organization or partnership of owners of housing or housing cooperative or other specialized consumer cooperative (hereinafter referred to When concluding a management organization or a partnership of housing owners by a housing cooperative or other specialized consumer cooperatives with resource-supplying organizations, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 14, 2012 No. 124 (hereinafter, respectively - Resolution No. 124, Rules No. 124).

According to subparagraphs "G", "E" of clause 17 of Rules No. 124, the procedure for determining the volume of the communal resource supplied, the order of payment of the utility resource is the essential conditions of the resource supply contract.

At the same time, in relationship with the requirements of Rules No. 124, when concluding a resource supply agreement, the requirements are also subject to the requirements for the implementation of the resources necessary for the provision of utilities approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of March 28, 2012 No. 253 (hereinafter referred to as the requirements).

Clause 4 of the requirements found that in favor of resource-supplying organizations, the funds received by the Contractor from consumers are subject to transfer.

At the same time, paragraph 5 of the requirements, it is envisaged that the amount of payment of the perpetrator of a communal service due to the transfer in favor of a resource-supplying organization that delivers a specific type of resource is determined depending on the payment by the consumer of the corresponding communal service in the full amount specified in the payment document, or with partial payment, What corresponds to fully corresponding to the rules indicated above the norms No. 124.

Based on the above, the amount of payment of the Communal Services in favor of a resource supply organization is subject to definition, taking into account the amount of funds received from consumers of utility services, as well as taking into account the volume of utility resources in the event of the supply of resource-supplying organization of the utility resource in improper quality or with interruptions exceeding the established duration .

In addition, managing organizations (partnerships, cooperatives) are performers in an apartment building in an apartment building, the utility resource is not for resale, but to provide relevant utility services to consumers and pay consumers consumed in such an apartment building. The volume of utilities from payments received from consumers for utilities.

In accordance with the decision of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of June 8, 2012, the AKPI 12-604 No. 124, according to which the management organization, a partnership or cooperative, is not economic entities with independent economic interests, other than the interests of residents as direct consumers of communal Services. The organization's data carry out activities on the provision of utilities on the basis of an apartment building management agreement and pay the volume of utilities supplied under the resource supply contract, only from the consumer payments received. With this position, the amount of payment for the utility resource under the resource supply contract must be equal to the size of a utility board paid by all consumers of utilities in accordance with the rules of their provision.

Considering the foregoing, regardless of the agreement, the parties are required to follow the imperative standards that regulate the procedure for calculations for the communal services rendered.

According to paragraphs 10, 11 of part 1 of article 4 of the LCD of the Russian Federation, relations about the provision of utilities, making fees for residential premises and utilities regulates housing legislation.

In accordance with the provisions of Article 8 of the LCD RF for housing relations associated, including using engineering equipment, the provision of utilities, making public services fees, applies appropriate legislation, taking into account the requirements established by the LCD of the Russian Federation.

Taking into account the foregoing, when concluding a resource supply agreement with persons carrying out the management of an apartment building, and establishing conditions in it, including regulating the procedure for the termination of the delivery of an appropriate type of utility resource into an apartment building, it is necessary primarily to be guided by the norms of housing legislation, in particular Rules No. 124 Taking into account the provisions of Rules No. 354.

Clause 5 of the requirements found that the amount of payment of the Contractor due to the transfer in favor of a resource-supplying organization that supplies a specific type of resource is determined in the amount specified in the payment document of fees for a specific communal service accrued to the consumer for this billing period in accordance with Rules No. 354 ( Payment by the consumer in full), and when paying by the consumer is not in full - the amount proportional to the size of the board for a specific communal service in the total amount of the payments specified in the payment document for work and services performed (provided) for this estimated period.

Based on this, the partnership of the owners of the housing is obliged to cover the obligations to resource-supplying organizations for the volume of utilities at the expense of funds received from consumers to pay for consumed utilities for hot water supply, that is, calculated on the basis of the cost of the thermal energy consumption used for water heating for the provision of water Communal services for hot water supply.

Based on the foregoing, the Arbitration Court of the Moscow Region believes that the stated claims are not subject to satisfaction.

Guided by Articles Art. 110, 112, 162, 167-170, 176 Arbitration Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, Arbitration Court of the Moscow Region

In satisfaction of the claims to refuse. "

The Tenth Arbitration Court of Appeal, having considered the appeal on the decision of the Armenia of the Moscow Region, adopted a decree dated 04/17/2017 No. 10AP-805/2017 in case No. A41-18008 / 16, which repeated the arguments of the court of first instance, additionally specify:

"The arguments of the appeal repeat the arguments of the claim, were reasonably rejected by the court of first instance.

Taking into account the set of outlined circumstances, the Court of Appeal does not find funds provided for by the law to revaluate the conclusions of the court of first instance and satisfy the claims of the appeal.

Guided by Articles 266, 268, paragraph 1 of Article 269, Article 271 of the Arbitration Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, Court

Decided:

The decision of the Arbitration Court of the Moscow Region dated December 12, 2016 in case No. A41-18008 / 16 is to be left unchanged, an appeal - without satisfaction. "

conclusions

The Arbitration Court of the Moscow Region and supporting his opinion 10th Arbitration Court of Appeal, when considering the case No. A41-18008 / 16, established that regardless of the presence of a collective (generalic) device for taking into account thermal energy in the hot water supply system of an apartment building, regardless of the type of heat supply system / Hot water supply (open or closed), regardless of the period of the year (heating or inter-octic), "The amount of thermal energy used for water heating is determined by the procedure for heating water consumption established in the legislation provided by the legislation to heat water heating for hot water purposes ... In the presence of standards of heat energy consumption for heating hot water, the readings of the metering instruments that measure thermal energy used for hot water purposes are not taken into account in the calculations with consumers or in settlements with resource-supplying organizations. "

Another Machination VK Comfort

Preparation of hot water using orange engineering systems (ITP) apartment building (in the absence of centralized cooking hot water in the MCD).
The size of the cost of hot water supply (DHW) is calculated on the basis of readings of household instruments and the corresponding rates for cold water and consuming GKALs used to prepare hot water. At the same time, the costs of maintaining and repairing outdoor engineering systems and electricity used for the preparation of hot water are included in the fee for the maintenance and repair of residential premises.

Individual thermal item of our house (ITP)

Calculation of heating and hot water prepared in an apartment building on the basis of PP of the Russian Federation of 06.05.2011 No. 354

Rules for the provision of utilities to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 6, 2011 No. 354, then on the text will be called rules. For convenience of set in a text editor, the formulas used are slightly modified and specified compared to their writing in the rules, which does not change their meaning.

For an unequivocal understanding: in accordance with paragraph 2 of the rules "non-residential premises in an apartment building" - this room in an apartment building, which is not a residential premises and the common property of the owners of the premises in an apartment building. For example, shop, Sewing atelier, office space of any organization, etc. Calculation of fees for such premises is usually similar to the calculation for residential premises (apartments). In case of difference in the calculations, they will be stipulated separately.

The calculation and distribution of the fee in accordance with paragraph 50 of the rules between consumers living in the room (rooms) of the MKD communal apartments is carried out according to the formulas 7, 8, 16, 19 and 21 of Appendices No. 2 to the rules and in this case will not be considered.

Description of the calculations I spend on the example of your own apartment building (hereinafter - the MCD), which is equipped with the following metering devices:

1) Collective (generalical), installed in the thermal point of the Ministry of Mend, (hereinafter referred to as the OPE):

A) to determine the total volume (amount) of thermal energy used for the communal heating service and heating water for the communal service "Hot water supply", the temperature of the coolant in the supply and return pipelines on the border of operational responsibility (hereinafter - ODPUTE);

B) to determine the volume (quantity) of thermal energy used for the communal service "Hot water supply" (hereinafter - ODPUTE-GW);

C) to determine the volume of water used for the communal service "Hot water supply" (hereinafter - ProsPugv);

2) Individual, installed in each residential (apartment) and non-residential premises (hereinafter - IPU):

A) to determine the volume (amount) of thermal energy used for the communal service "Heating" (hereinafter - IPUTE);

B) To determine the volume of hot water used for the communal service "Hot water supply" (hereinafter - IPUGV).

Thermal energy supplied from urban heat lights into the house is divided into two parts and with the help of thermal item equipment is used:
for the preparation of the coolant circulating in the heating system of the MKD of the closed type;
For the preparation of hot water circulating in the hot water supply system of an open type MKD.

At the same time, the coolant itself, supplied from urban heat network, is not selected, but only the heat energy contained in it is used.

In accordance with paragraph 40 of the rules, the consumer of the communal heating service and (or) hot water supply produced and provided by the Contractor provided by the Contractor in the absence of centralized heat supply and (or) hot water supply, makes a common fee for such a communal service calculated in accordance with paragraph 54 of the Rules . Namely, it should include both a communal service fee provided to the consumer in a residential or in a non-residential premises and a communal service fee provided for generalic needs.

Consequently, in this case, consumers should be exhibited in a payment document "Heating" and "Hot Water Supply" fee without separation for individual consumption and consumption for general work.

In accordance with paragraph 54 of the rules, consumers of each residential (apartment) and non-residential premises should pay communal resources for used in the estimated period, namely the thermal energy provided for the utility service "Heating", and heat energy and cold water provided for Municipal service "Hot water supply".

In determining the size of the consumer board of each residential (apartment) and non-residential premises for the utility service "Heating" The volume used only for heat heating is distributed between all residential and non-residential premises in an apartment building in proportion to the size of the total area owned (in use) to each consumer residential or Non-residential premises in an apartment building in accordance with the formula 18 of Appendix No. 2 to the rules:

RO-I \u003d VTE-O-D X (Si / SD) x TTE

The size of the fee of consumers of each residential (apartment) or non-residential premises for the utility service "Heating" (RO-I, RUB.) Is defined as a work of three components:

Volume (amount) of thermal energy used for the estimated period in the production of the utility service "Heating" and defined as a difference between the measured amount of thermal energy ODPUTE and ODPUTE-GW (VTE-D, Gcal);

Relations of the total area of \u200b\u200bthe I-th dwelling (apartments) or non-residential premises in the MKD (Si, sq.m) to the total area of \u200b\u200ball residential premises (apartments) and non-residential premises in the MCD (SD, sq.m);

Tariff for thermal energy established in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation (TTE, RUB / GKAL).

When determining the size of the consumer board of each residential (apartment) or non-residential premises for the utility service "Hot water supply", the cost of cold water and the cost of heat energy used for heating the cold water in the production of a municipal service for hot water, distributed to each residential and non-residential room proportionally The volume of hot water consumed during the estimated period in a particular residential or non-residential room and is calculated by the formula 20 of Appendix No. 2 to the rules:

RGV-I \u003d VGV-i x TCH + VTE-GV-D X (VGV-I / Sum VGV-I) x TTE

___________
Sum - Mathematical sign "Amount".

The size of the consumer fees of each residential (apartment) or non-residential premises for a utility service "Hot water supply" (RGV-I, RUB.) Is defined as the sum of the two components:

The works of the volume spent by the consumer of each residential (apartment) or non-residential premises of hot water defined for the estimated period of IPUGV (VGV-I, cubic meters), and the tariff for cold water established in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation (TXV, RUB / CUB .m);

Production of volume (quantity) of thermal energy used for the estimated period for heating of cold water, a certain ODPUTE-GW (VTE-GV-D, GKAL), the ratio of the volume by the consumer spent each residential (apartment) or non-residential premises of hot water defined for the estimated period IPUGV (VGV-I, cubic meters) to the total volume of consumed hot water by consumers of all residential (apartments) and non-residential premises defined for the estimated period of IPUGV (sum ofVGV-I, cubic meters), and tariff for thermal energy established in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation (TTE, rub. / Gcal).

All utilities without exception to the present days are provided on a fee. The reason for making the board is the receipt.

Receipt housing and utilities - This is an official payment document reflecting information on the amount of consumer debts over the past settlement periods before housing facilities that provide utilities. Since various companies can have various companies, the consumer receives several receipts.

Decoding cuts in receipts

In receipts for utilities, many different terms and abbreviations are used, often not always understandable to the ordinary consumer. Consider them in more detail in the table:

Abbreviation	Decoding
	So in the receipt, the numbers of the metering devices installed indoors are indicated.
	This way in the receipt of housing and communal services is determined by the overall and living area of \u200b\u200bthe room. A residential area includes the amount of residential areas. The combination of areas of all available premises is common.
zareg. / Prog.	It is indicated by the number of people registered officially, and the number of living actually.
	Deciphering as "Management of Social Protection of the Population". This organization can request subsidies.
society. Square House	It implies the area of \u200b\u200ball residential and non-residential premises of the apartment building as a whole.
	Physical needs.

	Individual accounting device, individual accounting point.
Open, KTU	General accounting device, collective metering point of an apartment building.
	Common areas.

Receipts from the management company or HOA

The main calculation on the receipt is formed on the basis of data that consumers and service providers provide.

Each service in Housing receipts includes: name, actual and calculated value, units of measurement. In accordance with this information, the consumer can independently verify all the accrued payments and reading instruments. At the end of the calculated table of the receipt, the final amount of payment is indicated, as well as the amount already entered in the current period.

If the apartment is equipped with a meter

the calculation for cold water supply is performed according to the instrument readings. Similarly, the meter testimony is calculated by hot water supply.

VNV \u003d VV * tariff,

In Varnb- the amount of payment for the water supply specified in the receipt of utilities;

VB - the volume of water consumed according to the meter readings;

Rate

Example:

According to the meter testimony in one month, 12 cubic meters were consumed. m. Cold water;

We get:12 * 33.03 \u003d 396.36 rubles. - Amount to pay for cold water supply, reflected in housing and utilities receipts

If there is no counter

it is necessary to pay in accordance with the approved standards for each person registered in the apartment.

VNSH \u003d count. * Standard * tariff

2 people were registered in the apartment;

The value of cold water consumption per person is 6.935 cubic meters.

The approved tariff for a cold water supply service for consumers in an apartment building in Moscow has been established in the amount of 33.03 rubles per 1 cubic meters.

We get: 2 * 6,935 * 33.03 \u003d 458,13 rubles. - Amount to pay for cold water supply, reflected in the receipt of housing and public utilities.

Learn more about how utility rates are formed, you can read.

It is worth noting that drainage and water supply are absolutely different concepts. According to the majority of Russian citizens, drainage fees implies only sewage payments, that is, exclusively draining water. In part, this is true, but besides the water drain, it turns on:

removal of used water;

transportation to treatment facilities;

disposal;

wastewater removal.

The calculation of the amount of consumed resources is carried out using individual accounting devices. If there are no resources, the amount of resources is defined as the average for consumption standards established by the local authority.

To calculate drainage, you must multiply the amount of water that was obtained according to the meter's testimony in your apartment, to the drainage rate. First we make a calculation of cold water, then hot. Fold out the values. Their amount will determine the amount of payment for drainage in the receipt:

WTB \u003d (VH * tariff) + (VGV * tariff),

Vxv- the volume of cold water consumed according to the meter readings;

VGV - the volume of hot water consumed according to the meter readings; / p\u003e

Rate - Cost of a cubic meter of water, which is established by the local administration in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Example:

According to the meter testimony in one month, 7 cubic meters were consumed. m. cold water and 4 cubic meters. m. hot;

The approved tariff for water disposal service for consumers in an apartment building in Moscow is set in the amount of 23,43 rubles per 1 cubic meters.

We get: (7 * 23,43) + (4 * 23,43) \u003d 257.73 rubles. The amount to pay for water disposal reflected in the receipt of housing and communal services.

If the counter is not installed, payment will be calculated on the basis of water consumption standards. These indicators are approved annually and published on the official websites of the local administration. It is worth noting that the standard is not one for all regions.

In multi-storey buildings, there is a separate nuance in the calculation: in this case, the calculation is made in terms of the general-friendly meter, and not for each apartment separately. If there is no missing, the management company makes calculating on topical standards and exposes the rental of residents.

If the consumer has a desire to establish a separate water meter counter in the apartment, he must notify its control organization about it. It should then give the necessary permission, put a seal to the counter and recalculate payment for water supply and drainage. The amount of recalculation will be reflected in the receipt of housing and communal services.

The fee for heating in a house, not equipped with a meter, is produced throughout the heating season. The amount of payment affects:

total area of \u200b\u200bthe apartment;

consumption standard;

installed heating rate.

If you multiply the established standard to the apartment area, as a result we obtain the volume of heat consumed per month. The resulting volume must be multiplied by the tariff for heating, thereby obtaining the amount of payment for the past month. This amount is reflected in the receipt of housing and communal services.

O \u003d Standard * SPV * Tariff,

SKV - Apartment area;

Regulatory - the standard of heat consumption established by the local authority;

Rate

Example:

The area of \u200b\u200bthe apartment is 50.3 sq.m.;

The standard of consumption of thermal energy in Balashikha is 0.016 Gcal / sq. M of the total area.

We get: 50.3 * 1601,35 * 0,016 \u003d 1288.77 rub. The amount of payment of heating, reflected in the receipt of housing and communal services.

Calculation of payment for heating in the presence of a general-friendly heat metering, where counters for thermal energy are not installed in apartments, produced by the formula:

O \u003d V * (SKV / SD) * Tariff,

V. - the amount of thermal energy consumed according to the testimony of a general-friendly meter;

SKV - Apartment area;

Sd.

Rate - Target housing and communal services for heating established by the local administration, according to the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Example:

The area of \u200b\u200bthe apartment is 62.1 sq.m;

The total area of \u200b\u200bheated premises of the apartment building is 5000 sq.m.

The approved tariff for the heating service for consumers in an apartment building in Balashikha is established in the amount of 1601.35 rubles per GKAL;

Indications on the collective instrument of accounting amounted to 72 Gcal.

We get: 72 * (62.1 / 5000) * 1601,35 \u003d 1431.99 rub. The amount of payment of heating, reflected in the receipt of housing and communal services.

The accrual of heating in the case when a collective (generalical) counter is installed in an apartment building, and the apartments have individual accounting devices calculated:

O \u003d (VKV + Vodkh X (SPS / SD)) * Tariff,

VKV - the volume of consumed thermal energy according to the indications of an individual accounting device;

Vodne - heat consumption for general business needs;

SKV - Apartment area;

Sd. - an area of \u200b\u200ban apartment building;

Rate - Target housing and communal services for heating established by the local administration, according to the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Example:

The area of \u200b\u200bthe apartment is 50 sq.m;

The total area of \u200b\u200bheated premises of the apartment building is 8000 sq.m.

The approved tariff for the heating service for consumers in an apartment building in Balashikha is established in the amount of 1601.35 rubles per GKAL;

Indications on the collective instrument of accounting amounted to 140 Gcal;

The amount of heat consumed by all apartments 100 Gcal;

Indications on an individual counter in the apartment 2 Gcal;

Costs for ensuring hot water supply 15 Gcal.

We get: (2+ (140-100-15) * 50/8000) * 1601,35 \u003d 3452.91 rub. The amount of payment of heating, reflected in the receipt of housing and communal services.

In this definition, a large number of works are included, which should be carried out by a housing company:

maintenance of structural elements of the building and domestic engineering equipment;

maintenance of domestic gas equipment;

cleaning and maintaining the order of the local area;

provision of deratization and disinsection services (fighting rodents and insects);

gardening of the yard and adjacent territory;

bringing into order of public seats;

timely removal of garbage;

electrical lighting of common areas;

This list of services may include some adjustments and additions taken by residents at the General Meeting.

Maintenance

This line in the receipt of housing and communal services refers to the content of generalicity. It includes current repairs:

outdoor gas equipment;

structural elements of buildings;

engineering equipment.

The tenants of apartment buildings make a fee for these services in proportion to the size of their share in public property.

The administration of the city (or by the decision of the General Meeting of the HOA / Housing and Communist Party / ZhSK / CK) establishes the size of the fee for the current repair and housing content. To calculate the amount of payment for these services, you should multiply the tariff for the total area of \u200b\u200bthe apartment. This amount is entered into the receipt of housing and communal services.

Rate - tariff for maintenance and repair of housing, established by the local administration, according to the legislation of the Russian Federation;

SKV - Apartment area.

Example:

The apartment is located in Moscow in an apartment building with all amenities, elevator and garbage chute. For such a housing there is a tariff for maintenance, equal to 26.53 rubles.

The area of \u200b\u200bthe apartment is 60 sq.m.

We get: 26.53 * 60 \u003d 1591.8 rub. The amount of payment for the content and repair reflected in the receipt of utilities.

Receipt for overhaul

If the housing owner does not make a timely fee for established accounts, then the amount of debt will accrue a penalty rate of 1/300 of the refinancing rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation for each day of delay. Read more about the measures taken against debtors, you can.

Receipt for gas supply

Payment for gas supply can be carried out both by standards and in accordance with the testimony of individual accounting devices. Payment for gas depends on the number of people living in the apartment. An individual counter can also be delivered.