As an example, we consider how the profile pipe of the square cross section is labeled with the size of the sides of the MM and the thickness of the wall 6 mm, made of steel SC: XX5 GOST / SC GOST operational characteristics and spheres of square pipes.

Operational characteristics with which steel pipes with a square profile are determined by both the material of their manufacturing and the characteristics of their design, which is a closed profile formed from a metal strip. GOST interstate standard. Profiles Steel bent closed welded square and rectangular for building structures. GOST Rental of thin-sheet carbon steel high-quality and common quality quality.

Technical conditions. GOST Rental of thin polystands made of increased strength. Technical conditions. GOST Rental of increased strength steel.

General specifications. GOST Rent a sheet hot rolled. . GOST Group in Interstate Standard. Technical conditions GOST Rental from steel steel. General technical conditions GOST Hire leaf-rolled sheet rolling. GOST Hire for building steel structures. Home\u003e Reference books\u003e GOST, TU, STO\u003e Pipes\u003e Profile Pipes\u003e GOST GOST download. Steel profiles bent closed welded square and rectangular building structures.

Technical conditions. Steel Bent Closed Welded Square and Rectangular Section for Building. Specifications. GOST HOLIDAY COLOR CARBON WORK SOLGY QUALITY. Technical conditions. GOST MACHINE, devices and other technical products. Versions for different climatic regions. Categories, Operating conditions, Introduction Storage in terms of exposure to climatic factors of the external environment. GOST - Profile rectangular pipe and square.

GOST regulates the basic requirements for the manufacture of closed welded profiles for building structures. The sorting of steel square pipes includes the main dimensions: for a square profile: from 40x40x2 to xx14 mm. Carbon steel universal application. Low-alloyed thick-walled steel (from 3mm and more), according to the removal of graphs with longitudinal seams, it is performed from the outside of the structure, the following deviations are allowed: 0.5 mm - when the profile walls section is reduced to 0.4 cm.

GOST interstate standard. Profiles Steel bent closed welded square and rectangular for building structures. Technical conditions. Steel Bent Closed Welded Square and Rectangular Section for Building. Specifications. Date of introduction 1 Scope. The technical conditions of the GOST Rental of thin-sheet made of steel of increased strength. Technical conditions GOST Rental from steel steel.

General technical conditions GOST Hire leaf-rolled sheet rolling. GOST Hire for building steel structures. The removal pipe is GOST, GOST profile pipes of square, oval and rectangular sections are manufactured according to the sorting.

The sorting of profile pipes corresponds to: standard GOST - (profile general purpose tube from carbon steel); - square - GOST - (Square profile tube); - rectangular - GOST - (profile rectangular pipe); - oval - GOST - (profile pipe oval). Welded profile pipes are used in the construction, production of metal structures, in mechanical engineering and other industries. Pipe profile GOST / sizes.

Steel grade. Technical conditions. Designation: GOST Status: valid. Classifier State Standards → Metals and Metal Products → Steel Carbon Unit Or Quality → Varieta and Shaped Rental.

All-Russian Product Classifier → Road Adjustment Equipment, Agricultural Supply Service and Communication Accessories, Construction Metallic Designs → Construction Steel Constructions.

Categories. POST Navigation

How do you really intimidate the rider? Horses know several ways. However, this does not mean that they should be afraid. You just need to know how to behave in a situation where the horse wants the rider to be horrified.

If you are already at all "Raskiisley", then it will be not easy to take yourself in your hands, so it's best to be afraid from the very beginning. You need to keep the situation under control and do not give horses to play a leading role.

Horse bites and flashes

Many horses bite and beat their own legs, because in the past they survived heavy stressful situations that remember still. Perhaps people have poorly treatedwith them - They mocked and beat, as a result, the horse began to perceive any person as a threat.

To help such a horse, try to deal with the reasons for its aggressive behavior. And, if it is not in bad memories, it is possible, we are talking about the reaction to some current circumstances. If the horse is constantly in the stable and does not walk in Levade, it works little or is very tired, then as a protest, it can start to beat or bite.

The horse can react to your actions: if you have too strong pressure on it, it is nervous. Horses, like people, need personal space and can object to your invasion into it.

What to do?

While working with a horse, lead yourself calmly and relaxed, but at the same time follow her behavior and try to predict her actions in advance. Being a herd animal, a horse needs a leader. Show it that the leader is you. However, it is not necessary to abuse power. Usually the horse warns you of what is going to bite: she either clamp ears, or wrinkles.

The horse should understand that it cannot invade your personal space, unless you invite it yourself. If you see that the horse is going to bite you, stand straight and sharply raise your hand up - not to hit it, but in order to show that you are not going to escape from her flight. If the horse stands in a halter, wander it for him, so that it remains from you at a sufficient distance, or make her retreat backwards.

When the horse will stop intimidating you, loosen the pressure, but staying on the spot. Soon she will understand not only what you can not wave, but also what you are not going to hurt her. Every time a horse is trying to bite you, you should take the same actions. If the horse throws on you, try to sprink onto it with a pulverizer. It should stop and scare it a bit.

Kisses and hugs are usually invited to "play" a horse, and therefore, she understands that no one forbade during the game during the game. Similar "entertainment" can be really dangerous for you.

If the horse beats off the rear legs, Show it that you can control it. Pull out the Chombur and turn her head to yourself, and in the meantime, slightly slap the end of Chombur in the back legs, forcing the horse to retreat to the side. If I lost, - stop it. Repeat it as often as possible. If the horse bends when you touch her leg, try using a whip with a "glove attached to it". You can touch her legs, being at a distance until the horse stops resist. When she fulfills your request, encouraging her around her neck.

If the horse is still biting or flashed with rear legs, despite all your warning actions, it is probably dangerous. Meet the professional in the field of horses behavior!

Cape

Cape - a sharp horse stop and a categorical failure to move forward. Very often, it is accompanied by the fact that the horse rises on rapid, cazing or spinning on the spot. If the horse regularly repeats the capes - she had a bad habit. This usually happens on walks in the field or in the forest, in front of the obstacle or when other horses stayed behind, like, for example, when she does not want to leave the parking lot on competitions.

After the crepe of the horse cani'll turn to the side to the side, stand up on or sharply jump in the opposite direction.

Why?

● In the wild nature of the horse, having to have a danger, they flee. They will be better run away from the problem than they will meet with her face to face. Horsemen should learn to cope with such a reaction and learn the horse is not afraid of "monsters".

● Some horses drop out, because they know that they can overcome a person. This often happens if a newcomer or unsure of the rider turns out to be top.

● Colds can be a signal to the fact that the horse is experiencing back pain, neck or mouth.

What to do?

From the very beginning, check the back and teeth of the horse.

Go to walks along with other horses - it will give you both confidence.

Decide the problem immediately as soon as it originated. Otherwise you can shook out, and your horse is with you. Try singing while driving - it helps it very much!

If the horse drops, and you are a confident rider, it will force you to be more collected. You may feel that alone can not cope, then contact your more experienced rider or instructor. Ask them to ride on your favorite for a walk to understand the situation and help you deal with her.

A well-loose horse is less prone to dropping. Do not comprehend time to dressing up, especially pay attention to how it executes the command "Forward!". Remember: You are for a horse - leader. She is obliged to obey you.

Work on your relationship with a horse. Perform simple exercises on Earth, it will help you strengthen the status of the leader.

Treat the walk in nature as to continue learning a horse.

While walking, make it properly work and perform various exercises. Make transitions, side movements, etc. If the horse is busy with what he listens to you, it is unlikely that she will remember the cream.

The horse will always warn you about what is going to throw.

Typical tagging signs: The horse is clamped, raises his head, harms the ears, jumps on the spot or slows the speed. Send a horse forward, pushing it with the case, click on the tongue. If it did not work, turn the horse to the little volt and go through it 4-5 times, and then put forward the horse forward. If it still drops, turn it into the other side of five or six paces, and then put forward again. Repeat it while the horse does not relax and will not calm down.

Preparing for a walk, choose correctly fitted equipment, and for yourself - a protective helmet and (if possible) a security vest.

If you fell into an unpleasant situation, do not be afraid to get off the horse and tell her in your hands until she calms down. Do not regard it as a defeat: the horse will be grateful to you for the fact that you have taken responsibility for what is happening and helped to her.

Horse "pulls"

When the horse "suffered," it is scary. You were confused, the horse fell into panic and became unmanaged. Ahead of you may be waiting for anything: a collision with a car, people, obstacles, and your horse is still. Fortunately, the situations of this type are extremely rare, but it is not easy to cope with them. When riders say that their horse suffered, they usually mean that for a while the horse came out due to control. It is also scary, but not so dangerous.

Why?

● Horse is unbecable or naughty.

● The horse overly slept.

● The horse was in anticipation of the gallop.

● Horse stunned.

● The rider is too poting a horse and cannot cope with it.

● The horse is pain due to poorly fitted equipment.

What to do?

A well-loose horse is most likely not thinking about "to carry".

While the horse is not sufficiently leaving, avoid situations that can provoke it to resistance. For example, do not go to nature walks in the company with a large number of horses.

If you do not know how to cope with different situations, ask for assistance or advice from an experienced person.

Reveal with your horse dressing exit. The horse must obey your teams, so work more over the transitions.

If you always make an added gallop in the same place, your horse is used to it and can play when you approach this segment of the path. Therefore, every time you are walking, change the speed and routes of movement.

If the horse plays a lot, make an added gallop in the direction of the slide. A horse will not be able to go to the mountain too quickly and rather tired.

If the horse suffered, sit straight, because the tilt forward relaxes your landing. Constructure the bridge over the horses' withers and make short and very strong half-breeds. If you can, wrap the horse to the big volt and then gradually reduce it until you can again control the horse.

As the last measure of the impact, you can change the iron to more strictly (for example, on the slices or the Olympic Trenzel with three rings). Try to try some kinds of iron to understand which of the horse reacts best.

The horse takes the obstacle

Obstacle is a common problem of competitive horses.

Why?

• The obstacle is too complicated or unfamiliar, and the horse is not sure that he can overcome it.
• You approached the obstacle not in a straight line, or the gallop was not vigorous enough.
• Horses are not suitable equipment, perhaps it hurts her.
• Light: Horse eyes are not too quickly rebuilt when it comes out of darkness, so the horse may not see obstacles.
• Bad soil.
• Pain: If the horse is constantly eliminating, ask the vet to inspect it.
• The horse is tired or lazy.
• Horseman's mistake. With incorrect landing, you pull the horse for the mouth or inactively landing after the jump. In the end, the horse may end patience.

What to do?

If the horse has become constantly scolding obstacles, return to primary learning. Work on a ryx through a ride - it will make the horse move forward and straight. When the horse becomes confidently pass through them, put an obstacle instead of the last ride, continue to move trot and overcome the obstacle as if it was a pole on the ground.

Constantly maintain contact with a horse. If you throw the reins before the obstacle, the horse will have every reason to do what she wants.

So that the horse could not escape, put the keys along the wall of the player. Using the Cross helps the horse move straight, and you - to aim in the middle of the obstacles.

If the horse stopped, do not panic. When approaching the obstacle, lead it exactly, press the leg, and soon the horse will understand that it does not have a different choice, except to jump.

Do not fight a horse for a long time. If she continues to leave the same obstacle, lower it so low that the horse felt confidently overcoming it.

So that the horse is not worried at the sight of unusual obstacles, more train more. Do not jump high obstacles, let them be different types. Use bales with straw, blue plastic and barrels - everything that may look extraordinary.

Take yourself assistant. It does not have to be an instructor. An experienced friend who can give some instructions will strengthen your self-confidence.

Horse beats the rear legs

In the wild, the horse beat the rear legs, protecting against predators who can jump on them on the back. One ko if the horse under the saddle beats the ass, it is dangerous for the rider, and therefore is unacceptable.

Why?

● The horse is too excited.

● She has an excess energy.

● Too cold, and the horse was recently shaken.

● a horse hurts something more often total because of poorly fitted equipment.

● She plays.

● Habit: Horses are often hit by the ass, when the rider gives a team to rise into a gallop or when they land after the obstacle. The horse is hard to wean from it.

● Inexperienced and inattentive rider who pulls a horse for his mouth, she will soon bother her. Cutting back - the method of protest.

● Horses have a sensitive back.

● Sometimes the horse just mocks the rider.

What to do?

First examine the physical reasons. Check the back of the horse, gear and teeth and ask the diet-veterinarian to adjust the power mode. You may need too much a horse for its load level.

If your horse is going to beat the back, you can define it for some signs. At this point, you urgently need to do something - do not wait until it too late.

If the horse lowers his head and slows down the speed, lean it hard, for the vertical line, take a shorter reason and lift the horse's head up. Your foot should be stretched forward more than usual, and the heel is lowered down. Keep moving a horse forward. It will be harder to beat the back, if her hind legs are loaded by the rider weighing.

It will help you to ride a voltage: as the horses will need to catch the balance, it will focus on it. When the horse will understand that he will not be able to beat the back, she will stop doing it. Be hard and confident. If you do not get confidence, ask for support from more experienced connants.

The horse is scared

Imaging a horse is a natural reaction. If the horse is afraid of something, say, noise, people, dogs, etc., she can bounce aside, without thinking about anything (just as she would react in wildlife). The "aggravating" circumstances are cold wind and young age.

What to do?

All the time stay alert. It will be better if you notice a frightening object before it is noticed a horse.

If the horse at least once was afraid of something, she could be afraid every time, when she passes past this place, even if there was no longer the fact that it was horrified.

Keep calm: a panic will not help you. Try to talk to the horse - so you will be able to breathe measuring and smoothly.

Do not be afraid of anything. If you yourself be afraid, your horse will surely feel it and reacts.

If you see something that the horse is most likely scared, then approaching this subject, turn her head to the other side. Internal reason to have a strong pressure, and external - stretch slightly. Your foot should be behind the subgract to push the hind legs towards the object. Such actions are especially important on the road.

Remember that, turning the horse's head away from the fright object, you will better control the animal.

As soon as you set control over the horse, turn it with your head so that it can see the frightening object. If the horse is calm, praise it. You will be safe if you try to keep your hands as close as possible to the neck of the horse. If you feel that showing horses frightening object is unsafe, do not show, but confidently go ahead.

Well-leaving horse never strongly it is not afraid, and if it is afraid, it will be easier to calm it. Work on transitions, lateral movements, turns on the fore and on the bottom. It will make a horse more movable and give her confidence in himself and in you.

The horse gets up

Staging on the rates or on the "candle" is especially dangerous - even the most experienced rider is laughing in himself. Only a professional can cope with it. Do not try to fight the horse standing on the "Candle".

Why?

● Accession habit.

● Laziness is an attempt to avoid work.

● Too rough rider.

● too strict hardware.

● From a horse require more harness than it can take out at the moment.

What to do?

When the horse gets up on the piles, there is a danger that it will rise too high, will lose its balance and fall back. Go back in advance and graze your horse's neck with your hands. Do not grab the reins to stay in the saddle, because in this way you can knock over the horse on yourself. When the horse goes to the ground, raise it energetically into lynx. The movement forward will help you avoid further "candles". If the horse execute your team, praise it.

If you carefully follow the behavior of the horse, you can protect yourself in advance. To climb up, the horse should stop, lift the head and bring the back legs under itself. When this happens, turn it onto a small volt and make it move forward. To preserve strong bending inside, actively work internal hand. Keep your hands downstairs, not to give the horse to raise your head. While you do not achieve that the horse does not get up to the "candle", do not ask her to start training.

Julia Brown, Hanna Rocher.

03/02/2012 | How to save a horse from bad habits?

Memories of unpleasant communication with rideromoms are fixed in a horse's memory as defensive conditional reflexes, so you must first find out the cause of undesirable behavior, and only then begin to eradicate bad habits.

What if the horse does not allow himself to sit down?

It happens that when boarding the rider, the horse hits his feet, rises to the piles or bites. The reasons for such behavior may be several. It may be a young horse, or a horse, not distinguished from life in herd. A horse who does not give to sit on himself may be afraid of ticking, or she has a spin and hurt her. It may also be that a horse for some reason simply does not want to wear a man.

If the horse does not allow himself to sit down, because the rider is afraid, then in no case should not be applied force and punishment. A huge horse needs to calm affectionately, bring her delicacy. Gradually, the animal will produce a conditional reflex, and the horse will finally cease to react inadequately to the rider.
Most often, the cause of the reluctance to let the rider in the saddle may be the fact that the horse stagnated. In this case, before sitting in the saddle, you should make a thorough horse on the cord. At the very beginning of the classes, allow the horse to jump by any allyrs and jump, and when the animal calms down, demand movement and trot. After that, you can start exercises to develop a horse of useful reflexes and repayment of harmful.

What if the horse gets up under the rider?

An experienced rider can easily recognize the moment when the horse is going to stand up. Before that, the horse stops, leads the hind legs under the body, after which it is repelled by the front legs and makes characteristic flap head. Noticing the first signs of unwanted behavior, the rider needs to send a horse forward as soon as possible with the help of Shenkels or Spurs. After a few unsuccessful attempts, the animal will disappear to stand up. In difficult cases, a sprunch is used - a special part of the gathering.

If the rider did not have time to catch the right moment, and the horse still got up, the promise need to stop immediately, otherwise the animal can tip over his back. To make the horse get up on the front legs, the rider must weaken the reason, clap the horse behind the neck and go to the whole body forward. If the horse falls, you need to free your feet from the stirrer and jump to the side, not letting the reason. When the horse rises, the rider must sit in the saddle and energetically send forward.

What if the horse dumps the rider?

Beginning to correct this dangerous habit must be gradually. At first - work on cord, then - in hand, and only after that under the saddle, first with a dead cargo, on cord, and only then - under the rider.

Relieve a person's horse with yourself in several ways. She can beat the back, jump to the sides, dropped on the allaro, "carry", lowering his head and arming the back or "goat". The last option is the most dangerous for a person. A rare rider can stay in the saddle when the horse jumps on a place on straight legs, so you need to prevent unwanted behavior by all the might. Before starting such jumps, the horse stops and lowers his head. At this point, you need to send a horse forward, at the same time raising her head as high as possible and in no case weakening attention until the end of the classes. Numerous unsuccessful attempts to lose raise a horse from this bad habit.

What if the horse does not stand still on the demand of the rider?

The causes of this bad habit of a horse may be several. Failure to stand still on demand may be formed due to the wrong or inept rider handling even a well-leaving horse. Also, the horse may refuse to stand due to excessive temperament, flaw or recycling.

If the horse refuses to stand because of anxiety, she needs to be given to relax, after which it is gradually proceeding to work. The rider's task is to develop a conditional reflex quiet standing on demand. Rock the horse on the cord, then stop, loosen the reason, calm the voice and, every time it stands calmly, let's treat. The systematic repetition of these techniques will teach the horse to calmly stand still at the request of the rider.

What if the horse falls down?

The term "Cook" indicates a steep turn on the front or hind legs, sharp evasion away from the desired direction or obstacles, to overcome which requires the rider. To prevent the Zakidka, you need to get a while and press the horse to the neck of the horse, towards which the horse is going to make a turn, and the other reason to take away from the neck and strengthen the effect of Schaynel from the cape. As soon as the horse calms down and stop doing attempts to turn, it needs to be encouraged and energetically send forward. Usually the horse makes a zinc in any one side. It must be borne in mind and warn attempts to show a bad habit.

The same when the crepe in front of the obstacle. If, after several attempts, it will not be possible to force a horse to overcome it, you should take it on Cord and force it to jump through this obstacle 2-3 times. After that, you need to praise the horse and stop classes. The next day, consolidate jumps on the cord, after which they do the same under the rider.

What if the horse "pulls"?

If your horse at the old owner has worked for a long time, the toothless edge of her lower jaw lost sensitivity. This is the reason why the horse does not listen to the occasion and "pulls" or "carries" the rider. When this happens, you need to make the horse go in a circle and gradually stop. This bad habit of a horse is corrected by work in the hands and under the saddle, energetically sending forward, and then gently taking the cause of the mouthpiece or trenzel. The main task is to achieve the sensitivity of the toothless edge of the lower jaw. And even during quick allors, it is not recommended to keep a horse on a tough occasion all the time - when it slows down the tempo, the tension of the reason should be loosen, and give great freedom, as if in gratitude for obedience.

What if the horse is not separated from the general group or building?

If the horse is hard to separate from herd, and alone it shows anxiety, then it means a very developed herd feeling. To save a horse from the need for a company to yourself, you will need time and systematic work in conditions that exclude contacts with other horses. At the beginning of the walk, it is recommended to move on foot ahead of the horse, leading it first on the leash, and then without it. Thus, the rider replaces the presence of other horses, the horse understands that it is not alone, and you are the leader. After that, you can get riding and adhere to the established partnerships.

What if the horse bite?

This is exactly the case when the lack is easier to prevent how to fix. To the horse did not start biting or beat the legs, you need to stick to a number of simple rules. In no case do not beat and do not punish the horse for no reason, do not leave the animal without work for a long time. When the horse is in the stall, a dress or under the saddle, come to her carefully, having having called it - your unexpected appearance can scare it. If the horse still appeared this bad habit, correctly fixed by means of a strict punishment at the time of "preparation" to the bitter or impact, or immediately after what happened.

In life there are people who show a sharp protest against anything their behavior. Such disagreement expressed by the whole view is often found in animals, especially in horses. They get up on the hind legs and take a vertical position, demonstrating this protest. In such cases, they say: "It gets up!" Where did such an expression come from, and how to cope with such a rowman?

Value

Usually behavior, expressing resistance, one way or another is connected with self-defense. With him and relate often to the phrase: "Rises on the piles!".

However, the word "dust" itself is a term that denoted the gun of punishment and torture. It was used in Russia and in Europe from the XIV to the XVIII century. This is a terrible tool. It was intended for stretching the body of the punishable person. At the same time, as a rule, his ligaments burst. In Europe, it happened that the pube was equipped with additionally spikes. In Russia, the word meant a deck. It was said like this: "put the accused in the pouch."

Nowadays, use the expression "stand up on rap". This means - to resist sharply, protest, sprinkled, do not agree. To boost - it means to object, to resist, heavily, express a sharp irritation, behaving defiantly, while straightened, standing on the legs. And then, when in the XIV-XVIII centuries, they said to "put on the bottom", which means to punish with the help of an appropriate torture torture.

Punishment

There was another kind of punishment - on the post. The defendant was suspended on a pillar with his hands twisted behind her back, and the load tied to the legs. With this method of punishment, the unfortunate came out of the joints of the hand. A suspended man beat the whip, could wait for the fire, break the rib. There was no difference between the male and female sex, except Ryube. Their women did not break. Mostly in the Russian Empire of the Dip - this is an instrument of punishment of thieves.

But this type of punishment was not always applied and not everywhere. For example, in the contract between Riga and Smolensk, dating from the XIII century, it was said that Rusinov would give to the bars or plant in iron, and not in the pouch. But the Pskov vessel grades said that the punch is punishment for those who fit into the litigation or hit the hemman.

Protest in horses

Among people who are engaged in breeding horses, their grip, horse-drawn sports, often you can meet the expression "The horse rose to oak." This is the same as on rapid or candle. The causes of such a horse behavior can be different circumstances. If the horse stood up on the winds, and the rider sits on it, then, most likely, this is the answer to the coarse appeal. Perhaps the rider is inexperienced and ineptly drawn with reins. Then the horse, wanting to get rid of the feelings of pain, will not obey and refuses to move forward. At the same time, she sharply rises on the hind legs and unfolds in a side comfortable for her.

It happens that the horse simply plays from the oversupply of energy. This behavior is peculiar to young unnecessted individuals. The behavior of a horse that moved to the candle shows the discrepancy between the strong excitation of the nervous system of the horse and the retention of the rider.

It happens that the horse gets up on a pasture, in Levade, on Cord. Then it speaks about aggression, the desire to attack, strike the hoof. But not only. Often, horses are played so, express a good mood, pour out an excess of energy. To distinguish these states, look at feet and hooves. If the legs are straightened, and the hooves are open and directed by the edge forward - this is a readiness for impact. If the hooves are directed inside, and the legs bent is a game. But even at such a moment you should not approach the horse. What a horse looks like on the pillows (a photo can be seen just below), almost everyone knows.

How to handle a horse that got into a candle?

If the rider is on a horse, and she got up on at all, then it must be made to fall on all legs. And no matter what reason it happened. If the horse under you has already stood up, you need to do the following:

• To do this, we lose a reason before sagging, but in no case they do not throw!
• The severity of your body needs to be translated forward, so the horse will have to go down. In no case can not be folded back! So you can throw a horse on your back, and fall yourself, damaging the spine. If the falls are not avoided, you need to try to push off the horse so as to fall away from it. Otherwise, it may damage the rider when falling.
• Perhaps there are sharp stimuli next, then you need to immediately drive away.
• When on all legs, it must be energetically sent forward. Working the reason should be softened.

If there is a disobedience of a horse, and she wants to turn in another direction, then you need to sharply lie on her neck and do not give her head. To do this, you need to score out the outdoor reason, smoothly so as not to give it to turn your head. It is necessary to act carefully, without dragging the reins. It is important to know that if it turns, it can dramatically incur gallop.

Correction of bad horses

How to teach a horse to obey the senders

This question can be answered in different ways: depending on whether it is about the leaving, unbecable or faded horse. Putting and goals in each of these cases are mostly the same. But for a better understanding, each of them should be discussed apart.

The fact that the exached horse is achieved by one promise, in unbearable requires weekly planned work, as well as any horse, resisting the will of the rider. Therefore, we qualify a teaching to send as one of the foundations of riding training. If a horse can withstand the exam on the obedience of senders, then, it means that she passed this stage.

Horse training promotions

If the rider trains a leaving horse to the promissions, then he is enough to influence the lumbar-sacrive department. In place, while driving on a lyry or on a gallop, the horse will begin to obey the senders immediately, provided that the reins will be warning, that is, they will behave absolutely passively, and Shenkel, trying to not lose contact with the horse's soles, light pressure will support the impact of lumbosacious muscles. .

So, they mainly act as a lumbar-sackeling department and Shenkels, and not reins. And it would be wrong to shorten the reins by turning the hands.

A horse that does not listen to the messages at the stress of lumbosacious muscles and pressure of the Shankels, is unsatisfactory. In this case, we are talking about insufficiently depressed or blown horse.

Teaching a unbecable horse obedience to sending

An unbearable horse is involved to obey the senders when she was already used to walking under the saddle on abbreviated lynx and long, smooth, exciting space with the steps quietly goes next to the accompanying horse. And the real work with it begins somewhat later when the horse gets used to the rider that he must customize her whip. When using a whip, especially when working with a young horse, the rider should be very careful not to intimidate it. More and more rider with its Schaynkels acquires contact with a horse, and the horses right away are calm Schenkels. Understanding that it is sent to the pressure of the Shenkels, comes to the horse gradually along with the accompanying light blow of the whip.

All further work is to work out different allyurs on the horses. As soon as the horse begins to reduce the pace of the stroke and its step becomes shorter, the rider must ask the pace, without giving the right to choose a horse, and seek obedience. This is the beginning of a teachment to the senders. At this time, they do not pay special attention to the appearance of the horse. Stiffness and other detection defects are corrected on abbreviated Rys. The horse lowers the neck and head at the same time, if the rider does not oppose the reins, and gradually takes a reason.

Not ahead of time to change the pace and go to the added trot. Turns on the movement and the change of tempo should be carried out only in the order of the experiment. Forward you need to move gradually, slowly.

After some time, the horse will completely obey the action of Shenkels, take a reason and starts to twist the triple iron. Absolutely passive hand rider makes the horse take a reason. The most important thing is an independent search for a reason. But the rider should not speed up this process with a set of reins, otherwise the horse can hit the vertical to the vertical, will raise his head and start playing the Trenzel. But she should not go beyond the reason and push the trenzel language; The rider may prevent this, energetically send a horse, seeking the necessary pace. If it does not help, then you should slightly hit the whip. The rider sometimes hears how the horse begins to push the trenzel tongue; And in this case, a slight blow of a whip and a new promise is necessary. The calm and uniform movement of the horse should be fixed every day. Strengthening is a trial stone: the rider works true correctly. With the right landing, the rider at the time of stopping the movement more and more affects the horse with lumbar-sacrive muscles, which is the first and indispensable condition for the right landing, and since any turn is always accompanied by the slope of the case, then a young horse will clearly respond to the senders after a while .

Proper landing and gradually more and more tangible impact of lumbar-sackel muscles and Shankels will teach a horse to the passive action of the reinforcement. Any artificial or violent supplies of the neck and head of a horse with the help of the reimeers will not lead to the desired result. It is possible that the horse due to the round neck will impress the leaving, but it will not be obedient and, of course, it will not always be to obey the senders.

Education of a blurry horse obedience to sending

Correction of victorious horses is one of the most important riding partitions. Traveling experience appears only in horsemen working with horses actively, vigorously, but leisurely. The results of the work will say, the horse is properly leaving or wrong.

Anyone, even a very well-loose horse can be quickly spoiled by improper effects. Who ever or very rarely had the opportunity to correct a horse, going over to the reason, and again teach to obey the senders, he can hardly be able to force his horse to obey. It is unlikely that the feeling will tell him when the horse is going to stand up for the occasion and how he should impede it or how to fix it. This rider seems that all horses with the same defects.

Sometimes they talk about the disobedience of the horse, although what they say, nothing to do with the concept of disobedience. The horse is never from tricks or maliciously avoiding the impact of the rider; She does it at the time of fright, experiencing pain, or when the rider performs the wrong promise.

The horse may not react to the impact, but it is always guilty of it, but the rider. So, in most cases, unpleasant pressure on the reins is a consequence of too tight hands. At the beginning of training, this can be corrected by the influence of lumbar muscles, the transfer of the center of gravity of the body, sending or exposed to spurs.

If the horse is already accustomed to "lie" on occasion about, then only short blows of the whip will be helped closely behind the subgract, which immediately should be repeated if it tries to "lie" for reason. But it is necessary to punish immediately at the moment of disobedience and always only one blow. The horse frightened a few quick steps forward and can "lie down" again. Then it should again be punished and so on until it stops. But the most effective is not a whip and not spurs, but sent by lumbling muscles and Shankels.

The rider often complains that his horse is:

it has a solid, "dead" mouth;

stubborn;

goes before the reason;

lifestyle;

it has the wrong bending of the neck (for the third cervical vertebra);

it goes short, stamped steps, having a hot temperament;

incorrectly puts legs;

tongue is trying to push the Trenzel;

ships his head;

has a "deer" neck;

goes over the reason;

sharply throws her head;

it has incorrect set of neck (hot horses with weak back);

experiencing stiffness in one or both hind legs;

shenkels do not listen;

lost the supelness.

All the above flaws will immediately disappear as soon as the horse begins to obey the sending. Consequently, the disadvantages primarily the symptoms of one basic evil, called the refusal to obedience to sending, but they appear in each case differently.

Horse Puggy

If the horse is afraid of some kind of items, then she turns his head all the time in his direction, looks at him with fear. Then the rider makes the horse look at the other side of the item exciting the horse (Fig. 19). Joining other horsemen, it is easier to drive past items exciting fear; In this case, the horse is forced from the very beginning to take on the other side.

If possible, it should allow the horse to consider carefully an object spooking it. Patience of the rider and his soothing voice will help this.

Horse "goat"

A horse can "goat" in different ways: on the spot, jumping forward and rushing to jumps to the sides. In all three cases, she lowers his head, and because of this, the rider can easily fly out of the saddle. The rider should try to raise the horse's head and decisively send it ahead. If the horse itself does not stop the "goat", and the rider will not be able to force it to obey the senders, it is unlikely that he will increase in the saddle.

Often a horse with a sensitive back, when when squeezing with her, it is also treated too rude, immediately after planting the rider begins to "goat". In most cases, this can be foreseen, feeling the tension of the back and the uncertainty of steps when wiring. Such a horse is better to quickly drive on the cord in a circle until the tension subsides. But the most important thing is a horse with a sensitive back, the prone "goat", it is necessary to dress very calmly, tightening leisurely and carefully. Before landing in the saddle, it is recommended to let go of a litter on one or two holes. If at the time of the "goat" the rider will rider to handle the horse, punish it, is unlikely to achieve obedience.

The horse rises on the wind.

When the horse gets up, then the rider, as at the "goat", should try to send her ahead, because the horse can stand on the sill, only standing still.

If the horse rose on the wind, then the rider, so as not to fly out of the saddle or to tension the reins do not overturn the horse, it is better to grasp her neck or mane. Strupping in this case should be thrown. When the horse goes down, the rider must immediately sit down directly and try to send a horse forward. The rider allows a gross mistake if it rests too long for the neck or mane, because it deprives himself the opportunity to affect the horse. Immediately after the front legs of the horse touches the earth, the rider must try to raise her head with the reins, since with his head raised, it will not be able to stand up. In the same way, the rider must act when he feels in advance - and this happens very rarely - that his horse is going to stand up. The low position of the hands and pressure of the hands and pressure will not interfere with the horses stand up.

The most unpleasant in this case is the tipping of the horse, if one or both horses' back legs will lose support, it will fall on the back or on the side. In this case, the rider must push off the horse so as not to get under it. If the rider will push too early from fright, it will fall close to the horse, and she can fall right on him.

The horse suffered

It happens with a horse when she does not listen to the reel and it is impossible to keep it. This is most often happening if the rider is too long and pulls the reins. With an inexperienced rider it happens, although everyone knows that the horse is stronger than the rider. The horse can be incurred with raised and curved neck. If the rider understands that he lost control over the horse, he should not hope that she will stop itself; Rod or pulling the reins in this case will not help. The main thing at that moment so that the rider watches right: he must see where you can send a horse to make her go first for a large radius, and then, narrowing circles, eventually stop. At the same time, they affect only an internal reason, although they are surprised that the horse listens to him.

Hanging, with her bodies, the horses brought very rarely.

Horse failure to move forward from the spot

Sometimes the horse refuses to move from the place, and trying to stay along with other horses from the stable or door. She gets up on a duck, "goat" or behaves as if he wants to press the rider to the wall. This horse's intention should be prevented and correcting it with the same techniques that apply when it is "goat", stands on the hole or pressed against the wall of the playman. The most important thing is to subjugate the horse with the impact of the rider and make it move forward. If the horse tries to join other horses or get into the stable even after it went for some time, then the rider has reason to think that the horse does not obey the senders. Horse stubbornness once again reminds of this.

Horse presses against the wall of the player

If the horse is pressed against the wall of the playman, then the rider must make it take in the opposite direction. He can easily take it from the wall of the playman.

Fig. 20 Horse management when it is trying to cuddle to the wall of the maneja

How to wean a horse from bad habits

Each rider first tries to find the manual for teaching a horse from bad habits, and then listens to the various tips of this kind: for this you need lones, cords, kawaytti or any other means.

But in most cases it is the wrong advice. There are those among them: to make the horse wipe the triple iron, lower the neck. Following these advice, the rider does not help the horse to gain the ease of movements, does not subordinate her will, and in the end it does not force a horse to perceive the impact and obey them.

It is quite clear that the universal means can not be, as it does not happen and panacea. Everyone solves a subtle understanding of the horse's character and skill in time to notice and wean a horse from evil habits. Therefore, the novice rider should not be taken for the correction of the harrow of the horse; It will be able to do this later when it will really learn to enter the rhythm of the horse movement, will acquire a solid and correct landing.

You can save a horse from bad habits only one - completely subordinate her will of the rider, that is, to teach to obey the senders.

Difficulties found on this path are different and depend on whether a horse goes over, about or before the reason, whether it appears stiffness in the cervical vertebrae, back or hind legs; When correcting these defects, you need to engage in the horse-danting horse, and not engage in parts.

Therefore, the path of teaching a horse from bad habits can only be:

1. First, any horse, obeying the send, must learn how to move forward.

2. When this is achieved, the horse is taught to take inside a player.

3. The next stage is the horse's teaching the correct head and neck head.

4. When this is achieved, it is taught to take a reason.

5. If the horse itself finds a reason, then it can be heaming.

So that the horse subsequently teach to the mouthpiece, when teaching it from evil habits, always use Trenzel. His horse takes more than, because it acts softer.

How to teach obey the senders of a blurry horse

It is the harder to work with a horse, irresistibly striving forward, because it does not tolerate the effects of Shenkels. Some believe that such a horse is generally impossible to subordinate the will of the rider. It all depends on whether it is possible to bring a horse at all. In this case, it should be transferred to move in a circle. At the same time, the rider should not be seduced by the opportunity to stop the horse stretch the reel: the primary task of the reel - manage. It remains on the volt until the horse allows you to send yourself without trying to drag again. The stronger the rider sits in the saddle, knows how to influence the lumbar-sacrive department than be careful and calmer affects Siengels on the horse's side, the faster it will succeed.

Each push with restless shivels again frightened the horse and prompts it to drag. Thanks to the long work on Volta, the horse is gradually incurred. There is no other means. The rider will soon be able to send a horse, but only if the landing in the saddle will be correct. It decreases firmly and confidently sit in the saddle is decisive, especially when driving on horseback with a sensitive back. Who is sitting in a saddle with a deeply flashed spine, will never be a master of riding. The inner reason keeps a horse onto the volt, and the external rider has not yet attached importance, as well as the head of the horse's head. First you need to achieve only one -This. Not a horse defined the pace of movement, but the rider. And only if it succeeds, the work itself begins. Titing begins only after the horse can be sent, that is, from the moment when the rider can influence it with lumbar-sacrive muscles and Shenkels.

The situation is somewhat differently with phlegmatic and immune to the Shankel horses. There are incorrect to make only the impact of Shenkels. There is no point in spurs a horse, only a whip will help here. An unbecable horse is also taught moving forward under the influence of Shenkels, lumbling muscles, and sometimes whip. The rider should be able to use whip. If the horse will again learn to go ahead under the influence of the lumbar-sackeling department and Shenkels, the rider will be able to ask the pace of movement: calm and uniform, but somewhat higher than the horse wants. Forgetting this when teaching a horse obedience to sending, the rider allows the most bad mistake.

Correction of victorious horses

After the harmful horse is trained forward forward by the impact of the lumbar-sacrive department and Schomankels, it is started to train with acceptance.

An indispensable condition for the prevention of the premises is the complete ease of its movements; The sooner it is achieved, the faster it begins to obey the will of the rider.

Horses relax the muscles rather (especially those who have a sensitive back), if the rider sits in the saddle directly and sends a horse straight, but with acceptance. After all, from birth, as already mentioned, any horse when moving takes to the right or left.

To make the horse take inside the volt, the rider, carefully affecting the inner, at the same time gives an external occasion. Almost every horse will soon take inside the volt when driving if not in one, then in the other direction and, accordingly, on the contrary. Changing the direction of movement on the Volta, the rider must determine which side the horse takes Okhotny. It is not difficult to understand this, and this does not require much skill. They begin to work in the other side where the horse takes Okhotny. At the same time, it does not play a special role than the horse begins to take: neck, croup or at the same time. The main thing is not to forget that the movement forward is decisive and that the disadvantaged attitude towards the landing, as well as the wrong position of the rider housing can lead to failure either towards minimal success.

If the horse, despite the energetic promise and replacing the expectation, does not accept any of the parties and does not respond to the impact of the internal occasion, then the rider should be resorted to the assistance of the junction.

The use of this aid seems to complicate work, but in such cases inevitably. True, it takes that the rider needs to be familiar with the use of funds before starting work. If the target goal is achieved, then from the auxiliary means it should be immediately refused to eliminate it. Otherwise will only harm.

The horse is rapidly starting to take inside the Volta, the softer the impact of the inner occasion, if the rider simultaneously gives the external and energetically leave the horse forward. If he greatly gain an inner occasion, then it should not be surprised that the horse, and she is stronger than a person, it will not be easily gone. Success solves the caution of appeal with reins, while the horse is vigorously sent forward by the transfer of the center of gravity. If this fails when moving to the volt one way, you need to try to another. Also, the change from left to right and right to left can help, only the host of the horse can not be complicated at this stage the counteroffation of an external occasion.

If the desired achieved, the inner reason should remain in the reclined position. The softer the inner reason acts, the more the horse takes a reason and obey the rider.

How to develop the right head of the head and neck at the harborn horse

Fig. 21 Horse Training using auxiliary sliding reins

Many riders are unclear why you first need to achieve the right head of the neck and head of the horse. As a result of the exit, the front limbs of the horse during movement is made forward to almost straight, they capture more space, and the rear semi-bent. The straightening of the forelimbs in itself is aimless and does not make sense if the hind limbs are not bent at an angle to take on the main severity. When repulsion from the Earth, the horse itself lowers his head. Therefore, it should not only lower the neck, but also pull it out. This neck drawing is perhaps more important than its lowering. If the rider could not force the horse to pull the neck at any time, then she was to avoid influences, constantly walked over the occasion. Then the rider could not truly force the horse to obey the senders.

The lowering of the head and stretching the neck of the horse are the main elements of the ruling of a horse. Thanks to this, the horse relaxes in the back and can energetize the rear legs.

It is best to start this work when moving on a volt on the abbreviated ryss. The rider first has a very easy pressure on the exterior of the horses, to immediately give rise to the back of his hands or the entire forearm. The pressure, which is only one instant, should draw the attention of the horse to the appearance, for the movement of the hand forward - the return of the reason - the moment is more important. This movement should force a horse to give way and pull the neck.

By influencing lumbly sacriven department and Shankels, the rider must make the horse move a little faster than it is convenient. If the rider forgets about the send and the horse will go in a pace convenient for her, she will not and take a weakened occasion, and all work will go to the Nammark. The message must necessarily have to affect when the brush of the outside will give a reason. The brush of the inner hand should save the same position regardless of the movements of another brush. Otherwise, the rider will come to the fact that in turn will act like both brushes - then forward, then back. So the horse will not force to obey the sendments, but only put it for reason.

If the rider has long time to promote the exterior brush to offer to lengthen the neck and take a reason, then with time the horse will agree with his desire. This constant impact may seem horses annoying and unfriendly, but will not be painful or unpleasant, and therefore it will not oppose him, but with each new round it will be obedient. If the rider is patient, then the horse will gradually take a reason. If this process will seem too long to the rider, he may try to bring a horse to the external occasion, scored a little stronger and on an instant the raised brush, sending it stronger and forcing it to take more. The more inconvenient for the horse with the raised neck short pressure on the tense Ganachi, the fastest it is produced by the horse the correct supply of the head and neck. The rider can try whether he will be able to do it faster in the other direction. But to do otherwise or to achieve more he will not be able and should not. You can only help the horse to work out the right supply, and it should be found it myself.

Most horses respond to it in a few minutes, some only half an hour later, but at one time each horse reacts to such an impact. If the horse has already made the first attempt to put the neck correctly, then the rider follows the shivels and the impact of lumbly-sacral muscles to promote it and make it take first one way, and then to another; And intense to the side, more convenient for the horse itself, so that she realize that she did just what the rider wanted from her. Then everything needs to be repeated with acceptance to the other side. For this purpose, the rider should "change the hand" until the head and neck of the horse will not take the right position. So the basis of obedience to senders will be laid.

How to make a blurrant horse take a reason

If the horse has the correct supply of the head and neck, then the rider must be used this and act the reins passively. Then the horse itself takes a reason and begins to wipe the triple iron. If there is no push on a horse, but only send and demanding really move forward, it will not have a reason for stiffness, tension or fright.

In accordance with this, the supply of the head and neck is a prerequisite, an indispensable condition for the horse to take a reason. But the correct supply does not mean that the horse keeps the reason, as well as its decree is not identical to the right head of the neck. These three actions are a ruling, a neck and movement in each other - largely go into each other, and much more than it may first seem. Their individual consideration is necessary to explain each of these processes.

At the same time, the most important, sending, do not forget all the time to keep the horse around and, giving rise to the outside hand, make sure that the connection through the reason between the brush and the horse's mouth really is a consequence of sending, and not a set of reins.

All the tension in the jaws, ganasha, neck, back and limbs that came to that moment should relax uniform, can be monotonous, but energetic trot. The horse will be increasingly easy to move forward and in the end will begin to obey the shienkels, reins, the impact of the lumbar-sacrive department and will go to equilibrium.

If the horse itself took reason,
then it can be hesitated

As a result of the previous work, the horse is already obeyed by senders. There is only guarantees of preserving achieved. Again and again, you need to make her pull the neck to strengthen the relaxed movement manner, which horses can not but like. It gives her confidence, thanks to the energetic sending, she will have a step, more and more exciting space. The slightest set of rejuven gathers a horse, makes it not only to wipe the triple iron, but also to give way to the demand of the occasion, that is, to carry the center of gravity closer to the hind limbs. This work is already a transition to the collection.

Not all horses are quickly learning, but it will soon become clear whether this horse can be treated. If, after 8-14 days of the intensive work of the rider, the first results are noticeable, he may hope to teach his horse to obey the senders. If the shifts are not noticeable, then, most likely, the rider is doomed to failure, because it does not come by itself. In this case, the rider must ask himself, he is not to blame in failure. Mostly it happens because the rider did not learn to enter the rhythm of the horse movement.

Errors when fixing blurry horses

The described methods of correction of victorious horses may seem fairly simple, practically they ... even easier than many believe. Each rider should not only know, but also be able to correct the blurry horses, this is the key to his future success.

But the one who wants to try to accustom to obey the blurry horse must know that the prerequisite of success is the confident entry of the rider in the rhythm of the horse movement, that is, the ability to sit in the saddle correctly. If anyone does not understand this, then, of course, it will not be able to force the horse to obey the sending, since, without owning the foundations of the landing in the saddle, it is impossible to learn to provide the right impact on the horse.

Often asked whether it should be tough, uncompromising when working with a blurder horse. The question is erroneous in the essence of yours. Education to the senders can not be overshadowed - all correction requires the greatest concentration, intuition, mind and patience, if the rider wants the horse to understand and performed his will.

Some riders believe that most horses mistakes are a consequence of the nature or structure of the horse and cannot be corrected. This is a very common delusion.

Many riders also believe that it is the harder to fix the horse going over the reason. For a rider who has experience with blurry horses, all tasks are the same, the only difference is that one horse is easier to correct, the other is much more difficult.

Sometimes the coach advises to teach a horse to see the promises first on the spot or on the movement step and move on trot only after the first stage is successfully completed. Such a recommendation is erroneous because this path is much more difficult and almost always tears the horse to move over the occasion. When driving, a rider is better feeling the reaction of the horse at the promise.

Famous advice, "the rider should be given in how only a horse gives away" Many understand it, which serves as a reason for countless mistakes. And this advice should be understood as: the rider should not be in a state of talking and gaining a reason, he should only be given until the horse gives up. If the rider continues to gain a reason even in the case when the goal has already been achieved, the inconsistency will arise between him and the horse in which the horse is Nevinova. An experienced rider will give a reason at the very moment when the horse will give up.

Often this recommendation is understood as if she reads: "The rider must give up only when the horse gives down." That is, he must gain a reason until the horse gives up. This is an erroneous interpretation of the Council. If the horse is not inferior when the reason is stretched, then, it means that the rider has not affected by the lumbar-sacral department and Shenkels. In this case, a sufficiently stronger impact to achieve a horse response. Not so little riders are trying to just "drag" a horse by the reason, although it is stronger than any person. And if someone succeeds, then in 99 cases out of 100 the rider will miss the long-awaited moment and give rise too late. And if you catch the desired instant, then the horse will most likely go over the occasion.

Some riders do not know about the impacts of the lumbosacral department, others have heard about them, but how and what to do - they do not know, someone does not deny the possibility of such impacts, many do not believe that it is possible to change the head and neck of the horse to the exposure to reel or believe that it is so difficult that on the shoulder only the riders of the extract. Therefore, not a rarity, when the rider is trying to control the horse, using only reins. And the expression "to maintain the right horse's head of the horse under the exposure to the reel from the Masters of the Riding Masters," many understand literally. If the horse is resisting, then the rider pulls the reason more stronger, and if the horse gives up and the reason will reach for a moment, the rider is rejoicing, believing that he has achieved obedience, because no longer feels the pressure on the occasion. In this situation, everything says that the horse will take care of the occasion, and taught it the rider, although in addition to his will. It happens much more often than it is believed to, and ultimately leads to the fact that the horse gradually appears in the horse, the head of the head and the breakfast in the cervical vertebrae, which naturally rushes into the eyes of each qualified rider.

Photo reports on the topic:

Upcoming events:

Photo reports on the topic: