Roof for a wooden log house. Choosing a roof for a log house. The most commonly used roofing coatings

The roof structure over the chopped construction is not easy work requiring the masters of skills of a skillful carpenter and knowledge in the material science. The performer will need to be pre-practiced in the fulfillment of the compounds. It is obliged to take into account the traditional shrinkage made of wood walls.

In order for a two-screw roof on a log house to be built perfectly, information is needed about the methods of its device, including vintage roofing technologies. The information proposed by us will be useful and independent craftsmen, and customers of building brigade services for meaningful control.

The popularity of chopped baths, cottages, residential buildings is justified by an amazing atmosphere returning to the folk origins. The structures of natural wood are characterized by excellent heat engineering and an attractive price. Weight advantage recognize the ability to spontaneously skip the surplus of evaporation. It is impossible not to pay tribute to solid ecological advantages.

However, in demand natural building materials, there is an impressive list of flaws. In addition to marking and sensitivity to the overcoat of carpenter-builders and future owners, you must disturb:

Unstable of the size of wooden structures. Linear movements occurring due to moisture oscillations with temperature will accompany the construction until the operation is completed. In the first years, the elements of the wooden system are actively moving, with the time "the glory" decreases, but does not disappear.
Mandatory shrinkage, taking into account the log houses, it is not customized for a minimum of the year, better than two or three years after assembling the crowns. The forest after laying sends an average of 10-20%, which must be taken into account when designing the house. There are less than all the walls of the glued timber, but its use will not completely remove from changing the height of the box.
Difference in the vector direction shrinkage. Intensive change in dimensions occurs across the log, i.e. Perpendicular to fibers. Along the fibers, the size of the scaffolding varies slightly: the cesspool along the length of the trunk is not even in the calculation.

Without accounting listed circumstances, the wooden roof will definitely "eaten." Between the foot of the house and the roofing system will appear gaps that transmit rain drops and talu water. Following the rotation of wood, as a result, the complete destruction of not only the upper enclosing structure, but also the house as a whole.

Meeting the specifics of the material is not enough for the competent construction of the roof of the wood. It is necessary to familiarize themselves with all possible ways of construction to choose a rational value and an application of effort. It is necessary to understand what forces will act on the walls folded or bar of the wall, which method can be paid off.

Varieties of the roof angle for log cabins

The roofs with two slopes are perfectly combined with chopped feet. Two steep pitched planes create the impression of a fabulous hut. The most suitable angle of inclination is 45º-60º, but variations in both sides have full right to exist.

The opponent in the field of log cabins is a two-chipped construct that has a similar or pentagonal configuration in the context. Double roofs over cutters can be insulated or cold, attic or unbelievable. All types of roofing materials are applicable as an finishing coating, including dranco and reed.

In wooden construction, ancient technologies of the roofs of the corner have been preserved and new methods appeared, allowing wood to move freely without the threat of destruction of the construction. According to the method of the device, two-piece roofs of wood buildings are divided into two fundamental categories:

Roofs on males - on chopped and cohesive logs. They complete the walls of the box in the ends, representing their natural continuation. Carriers of roofing structures, outstanding, according to the "samstaya" method, rely directly to the frontones. Over the lamp is stacked under the installation of the finish coating.
Roofs with a rafter system. They are constructed according to the prescriptions that are dictated by standard. The rafting roofs are hanging and rolling, rest on the beams of overlapping or on the walls through the upper crown. Fronttones are tritely sewn board, thanks to which the construction budget is reduced by a pair with a chopped home effect.

In fact, roof manufacturers rarely follow only one technology. The rafter design can be combined with the male system. Hanging farm can be installed in the middle of the samtaya roof, so that they do not stick to the silent in a break with the roof and snow.

There are schemes that are generally difficult to attribute to a specific category, because Their decisive structures can be classified differently.

For example, a cutting beam of a cut, Matitsa or translation, can play the role of the base for the installation of sling lines or perform a tightening function that combines the elements into a hanging triangle. The tightening of the rafter farm can be transferred above, as proposed describing the construction of the roof over the half-gang. Mass options, but to understand the principle of their device, you need to familiarize yourself with the classic schemes.

Roof Production Rules on Male

The builders of the roof on the sickness scheme do not take advantage of the priceless advantage of chopped boxes. You can disassemble and collect them repeatedly as a children's designer. Therefore, the upper crowns are tritely removed from the laid places and are installed on a suitable flat pad.

Working on solid soil without risk is much more pleasant, you do not need to move on the shaky forests and bridges. Under the crown is installed lining from aspen chocks. They imitate the previous rows of logs, thanks to the alignment into the horizon and fitting knots there are no slightest complications.

If it is consecrated to divide the chopped house into three horizontal parts, then the bottom 2/3 will be on the walls, and the upper third on the log house of the two-tie roof. In essence, this is a wedge of a converging top of a log house. They build it almost also, but gradually reduce the width of the end walls so that the edges of the frontones resemble stairs with steps. Instead of long logs entering the walls of the box, the words are laid out. Dream them are not in each row, but after two or three.

The males after the construction of full height is written in order to form a clear triangular form. Then the lamp is mounted, on top of the roofing material.

The peaks of males connect the ski slope, which can be put on two different methods:

With setting down in the top of the male. In such cases, the log, the final fronton, is reheated into two edges. The stepped protrusions of the male spill or ransive in the triangle. In his top there are unlocked areas, which will need to be filled with short.
With the overlap of swaying the samsham. According to this technology, the specified skating beam is overlapped by the saming logs, shortening to the top. Slope at the same time are located below the line of future skates. The crate then has to construct from the impressive logs to align the plane of the skates with the borders of the frontoths. Instead, the reshetin can be installed rafters, the thickness of which compensates for the shortage of height in the plane formed by the end.

For the manufacture of the run, the most even logs Ø 18-20 cm. Fasten them with simple live words "in the paw" or complicated analogues "with a gym" or "spike". Because The edge of the front is shredding or spilled, no words with horizontal parts of the fastening nodes of the type "in the frying" are not suitable. After all, part of the carrier element of the connection will be removed during the processing process.

The length of the society is obliged to form a frontal ride of the roof. It usually is 0.5 m. If it is decided to increase the width of the sink, the stops are stacked in pairs or three in each "step" of the male to increase the carrying ability of the structure. Upon completion of the structure of the roof frame, it is checked by geometry by installing the boards on the imaginary skate.

The revealed bulk of the bulbs are shy, the recesses are filled with wooden linings. However, experienced carpenters are advised not to send "Pats", but better to rush more.

Old masters in the manufacture of roofs on male fasteners did not use at all. The structures of this kind are called roofs without nails. There were no gradually rust rods in the body, because the designs served not one hundred years.

Combination run with rafyles

It happens that the construction of a traditional samstaya roof is not possible. For example, as a result of a diligent sshinding from the slightest and males, climbing united connections may be pretty. In such situations, the classic option is simply supplemented from top of the utilization rafalines. The need to shy the humps then automatically disappears. The final alignment is made on the upper edges of the rafter feet.

The manufacture of strings is performed on a template with the wristbands and leg length. Hire them in simple bowls. The accuracy of the cutting of the connections of the Stroplin with the slings is not needed, on the contrary, the bowls must be more abis out of 3-5 cm. The log house will inevitably settle, losing height. The rafters will remain almost formerly sized except for a few mm. The deposited box will drag along the bottom of the rafter, due to which the angle of the bottom of the rafting and the upper crown will decrease. Those. Locking into the upper logs or in the beams of overlapping rafyled will be gradually torn.

Safe for the roof shift of the rafaline relative to the run will provide a wide wrestling. There should be a gap between the tops of the rafter feet resting on the skate beam. Dronging at the bottom, at the top of the rafter during the period of intensive shrinkage will be closer. After the shrinkage of the top join the wooden pad and / or installed slightly below the tightening. You can, without waiting for a shrinkage to connect them with a hinge assembly, allowing wooden parts of the system to move without the formation of spank between the box and the roof.

The lower heels of rafylics in the described scheme are resting to the upper crown, working as Maurylalat, or in the edges of mats - ceiling beams. The nodes of the compounds are performed by wrinkles with a spike, the backbone of the sinks increases with lumps. In order for the two-screw chopped roof to be demolished from a log house, rafyled through one are tied to the scored in the second from above the cholesterus with wire twists. In areas with high wind load, it is necessary to bind each rafter foot. After the active shrinkage of the wooden structure, weakened twists should be tightened.

Two slots with sleeve rafters

The scheme is similar to the previous type, only blind are not needed at all. The name of the spots of the rafting legs was due to the top and bottom, they rest on independent supports. The lower heels are relying on the upper crown, serving Mauerlat, or on the ceiling overlap beams. To describe the top of the elements of the solo system of a two-tie roof over a frame there are several options:

Skating or printed run, laid between the males. Lowned in the end of the top of the rafter do not be fastened or connected by the hinge in the reasons presented above.
Internal capital wall. There should also be a gap between the top of the rafaline, because Their edges are based on the walls of different height, therefore, with a different shrinkage. In the device of males for a similar roof there is no particular sense, the frontons are tritely trimmed with a board.
Mathematical design base design under the skate beam. The males in this case are not constructed again. To compensate for the shrinkage, the reference pillars are installed onto screw control devices, which allow the decrease in the height of the cut to reduce the length of the support racks. Previously, wooden linings were used instead of compensating devices that were removed after shrinkage.

The cornized swelling of the sleeve roof over the firebox is most often provided by the sewing fuels. Although it can be formed by the removal of rafting legs, if they are attached not to wrinkles, but by sliding connecting devices. Sliding fasteners makes it possible to build roofs over chopped feet without waiting for shrinkage.

Hanging roof device diagram

Hanging trim legs were called for the fact that they seem to hang over a boxed box. There are only walls as the lower supports, and the upper support serves the same part located opposite the rafter. The lower heels are connected by a tightening, due to which the hanging rafylics are converted into an equilateral triangle, also called a rafter arche or farm. The tightening "takes on the chest" is spaced transmitted in the sleeve wall with the walls.

Compensation of the expansion of the tightening is a good plus of the hanging system. His gladly borrowed the builders of rolling roofs, trying to minimize forces, sawing the walls of the house with an increase in the load on the skates. The role of tightening with success can play the ceiling beam. And then it will indeed become not clear, to the ultimate or hanging category it will be necessary to attribute the rafting frame of the two-tie roof.

The invaluable dignity of hanging systems is that for production frombills of the roof of the log house are not necessarily climbing up. All rapid triangles on the pattern are perfectly solved and customized in safe conditions.

The list of minuses first occupy restrictions on overlapping spans. Systems without a central support do not overlap Breastlete buildings. When arranging the house up to 5m wide, a simple rafter arc is used without additional parts that increase the rigidity of the structure. Tightening for spans of greater magnitude, can suffer from our own weight. To eliminate the sagging in the center of the rafter triangle, a grandmother suspension is installed.

To understand the essence of the construction of a hanging rafter system, consider the technology of installing the arches over a small log cabin area. The lower heels of rafaline will be based on the ceiling beams, the connection of the upper edges will strengthen the wooden lining and tie. Formation of an eaves in charge of fees, the obligation to ensure the stiffness of the structure by entrusted with small supports. Males will not be erected. Created by rods of frontones after the installation work of the lift board.

To mark the lines of the skates, we find the centers of both ends and note them on the upper crown. Focusing on the mark, vertically install the board, any longitudinal edge of which will repeat the imaginary central axis.

We equip both ends with boards, we note the height of the roof using the water or laser level. Between the boards, you need to pull the construction cord, indicating the ridge line of the roof.

Procedure for work on the device hanging roof:

Align the cakes of the beams overlooking the foot. We score in extreme beams on the nail according to the design dimensions, stretch the cord, mark the surplus, weep off the chainsaw.
On the ceiling beams, mark the location of the nests that are required to install the rafter feet. Similarly, clog nails, stretch the lace and draw the lines of the groove for the future tooth on the rafter foot.
We make a pattern of a rafter farm. We apply the board of suitable sizes by the bottom edge to the first matita, the top edge must be kept so that the ribs of the boards lay down to a lace, denoting the skate line. Where the board and cord come into contact, put the label and spend the line from it down with the help of a plumb. In Matitz, do you draw the line of the bottom drum down and celebrate the location of the tooth where the nest is marked on the beam.
According to the template we make rafyroids and collect them on a flat site.
We carry the rafting triangles on the roof and install in place. We check the verticality of a plunder and secrets temporary bodies.
On Matitsa inside the cut with the help of a ruler, two nails and shoelaces, we note the grooves for the supports under the rafter legs. This procedure, it seems to me, more convenient to do with the markup of the nests.
We make support by forming a spike in their base. The height of the supports mark on the fact by trivating it to the rafter foot.
We set the drains whose top is both two wooden lining.
We choose the grooves in extreme maths to install the mare.
Send the extreme fuels, score nails in them, stretch the cord between them.
In the cord, we install intermediate fuels, after the installation of which we make out the winds of the wind board.

From the inside, the rafter triangles should be connected with diagonal wind bonds. Outside, the stiffness of the structure will maintain a doom, the type of which is selected according to the type of finishing coating.

Those who wish to equip a warm roof between the rafylines will need to be laid heat insulation. Waterproofing is laid on top of the rafter feet in front of the crate device, regardless of whether the design will be insulated.

The examples and diagrams of the two-tie roofs over log boxes will help to determine the best construction option. Any of the basic versions can be refined and adapted to individual specifications. Information about the specifics of the device is also useful for those who are going to personally equip possessions, and those who need to control the work.

The roof is the most important and mandatory element of any structure, including the houses from the log. Such structures must comply with certain conditions for stability, reliability, heat and waterproofing. The requirements for frost resistance are presented to roofing materials, as well as to the chemical and radiation confrontation.

Roof construction

The location of the roof turns it into an element that more than others is experiencing the impact of natural elements. It should be a reliable obstacle before the moisture ingress and to withstand the pressure of snow precipitation.

The roof is an important architectural component that plays the last role in the appearance of the log house. Its functionality depends on the characteristics of the roof and quality of the supporting structure.

The whole roof can be divided into several parts: rafters, crate, roofing. It has inclined surfaces (ribs and ribs) and horizontal canvases (Endow, horse, lightning). The lower edge of the skate may be equipped with gutters.

Roof shape

Various roofing structures can be erected over log structures:

Straight scope

The simplest and low-use version, whose design relies on the bottling walls.

Double

The most appropriate variety for a log house, characterized by a non-complex design and a relatively low weight. It consists of rafters, Mauerlat, frontones, skate runs. Allows you to equip a full-fledged attic that can be used to store things or other purposes.

Walmovaya

If you rearrange the frontones of the bartal roof under the slope to the center, then the hip option will be. Such a roof allows you to provide a wide internal space, 100% stability to winds and non-beams.

Polvalmovaya

A more time-consuming variety, containing trapezoidal frontones, blocked by parts of the Valm. The attic room has an extensive area. The side walls of the design can play the role of the walls of the room.

Tent

It has 4 ribs combined at the same top point. It is an ideal option for houses of proper geometric shape with the same length of the parties. Stable to shrinkage and climatic manifestations.

Schpots

The roof for the house of a bar may have an unusual form, the example of which is a forcep version. The complexity of the design requires special construction skills, so it is impossible to create a novice master.

Mansard

The most practical version of the roof and the attic, which is still called the broken roof. Allows you to save material, allowing you to get an additional quadrature for housing.

Conclusion

The choice of the roof for the house of the log depends on the experience of builders, the complexity of the structure and desires of the customer. With independent erection of the building, it is better to stop at the bounce version of the roof.

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The construction of the roof is a long and time-consuming occupation, but it is necessary to protect the house from bad weather and heat loss. With an independent construction of the construction, the installation of the roof rafters with their own hands is carried out, if you comply with all the requirements for creating the base of the roof. The main thing is to have the necessary knowledge and at least a small experience in construction. Do not forget: the state of the house depends on the roof reliability. In order to fulfill everything correctly, you need to know the features of creating a rafter system, and perform all the work sequentially.

Construction of roofs and systems rafters

Roofs of houses are usually inclined planes - they are called skates. Based on the roofing rods there is a rafting system, which is placed in the lamination for flooring roofing materials.

Bottom ends rafters usually have a support on Maurylalat. In place of the crossing of the skates, ribs are obtained - inclined and horizontal. Horizontal elements are called a skate. At the intersections of the rods formed by incoming corners, there are endands and suspensions. Speakers over the walls of the roof edges of the roof were called frontal or cornese soles. They are located horizontally, and the protrusion comes out for the outer walls. After laying the crate, then the roofing material collected rafters over them. Before installation, the roof is necessarily placed heat, vapor and waterproofing.

From the inclusion of roofing rods, the roofs are flat and scanty. The first have a bias of 2.5-10%, and the second - more than 10%. Skates are the planes of the roof, allowing water to drain from it.

The roofs are divided into the following types:

single-table - with a support for two different height outer walls;
two-screw - have a support for two the same height of the outer walls (more details: "");
tent - they have four skate, in which the form of the same triangles converging at a single point;
four-tight (hip) - roofs with triangular skates on the ends; When it does not reach the cornice, the roof is called half-haul;
divorous (broken) two-sheet - two planes of such roofs are rectangles connected under stupid angles.

The type of shell roof preferably depends on which installation scheme of the rafter was used. The rafters are the main carrier elements of the roof, and they should not only withstand the weight of the roof, but also be resistant to pressure of snow and wind. To perform calculations of the rafter system, it is necessary to be guided by the type of roofing material characteristic of the region by the strength of the wind and the size of the snow cover.

Stropile legs in order to increase the rigidity of the frame are combined with each other. So that the roof is not demolished with a strong wind, the frame must be associated with the "box" at home before. When building private houses, rafter systems from wood are usually used - they are easily processed and installed.

Types and features of rafters

Before switching to how to install rafters, you need to deal with their device and species.

The rafters are ulissive and hanging. Methods of installation of rafters and their type are selected, based on the roofing materials, the load in the form of wind and snow, the roof slope. Hanging rafters are based only on extreme two points, for example, on the walls of the house. Intermediate supports in this case are not needed. Hanging rafters are designed for bending and compression. Also, such a system creates a significant driving load horizontally transmitted by the walls. It can be reduced using metal or wooden fumes connecting rafters.

The tightening is located at the base of the rafter, while the screed is simultaneously and the beam of overlapping. This method is usually used to create an attic roof (read: "). Tightening can also be above the rafted. The higher the tightenings are, the more reliable and more powerful they should be. Such rafting systems are used in cases where the spans are 7-12 meters, and additional supports are not provided. Thus, the main elements of the hanging system are the rafting legs with tightening of the lower belt.

Slingers of the utility type are built differently. They are installed in homes in which there is an additional bearing wall or supports located in the center relative to the external bearing walls. The ends of such rafters are based on the side walls, and for the middle part there is a support from the carrier pillars or internal simpleness. Elements of such rafters work like beams - only bend.

Installation of one roofing system over several spans implies an alternating installation of hanging and inclined rafting farms. In those places where intermediate supports are missing, hanging rafters are installed, and where they are - inclined. If the span of the roof (the gap between the supports) exceeds 6.5 meters (with an additional element of the support of 10-12 meters) use spree rafters.

This design creates in the same way as in houses with a frame system. The crate is made from the bars of solid dual or boards of sparse flooring, and attach it to the rafyles of nails.

The crate under flooring from a soft roof, for example, from the rubberoid is made in the form of a solid flooring. It should consist of two layers of boards - as a result, it turns out double flooring. The top layer of the crate is a protective, the lower is considered to be workers. A single solid or rarefied (having 20-30 millimeters having 20-30 millimeters) is applied as a base for coating from asbestos-cement plates. BRUSEV crate with a base of 50x50 millimeters is used as the basis for classic slate, wavy and tile.

The rafter legs are allowed to be fixed in several ways, depending on the materials from which the structure was erected:

by connecting with the upper strapping of wooden frame buildings;
compound with the upper crowns (relevant for houses of wooden chopped and broken);
method of connection with support bars (used for stone houses). In this case, the Mauerlat thickness should be 150-160 millimeters. It can be solid (the timber is laid in full length of the building) or partial (bars laid only in the place of the joint with rapid legs).

Slinged legs of a small section must be protected from sagging - for this, the grille is used from the troops, the riglel and the rack. At the same time, the racks and pods are made from logs with a diameter of 130-140 millimeters. The correct setting of the rafted on the roof involves connecting them to the tightness. So that the rafting legs do not slip on the tightening and did not rock, they are embedded with a teeth with a height of 1/3 of the tightening size, create a spike. Sometimes both are used at the same time. Watering the rapid leg at the end of the tightening, the tooth is moving away as far as possible. The tightening can remain unharmed if you install rafters in 30-40 centimeters from its edge.

Installing timing

To create a rafter design, you can only take lumber 1-2 varieties without rot and wormochin. The boards and bars are reusable to the desired length of a circular pump with a cross-cutting method, then on the same machine make treated products according to a given template. In width, the elements are poured on a circular saw on a longitudinal cutting.

Installation technology rafters looks like this .

The elements of the system are collected on a brisk in templates. The details that need to be connected are located at a brisk in a convenient order so that they can be used without unnecessary movements and efforts. Before starting the assembly on the brisk, they are applied with coal or chalk scheme rafters for a combination of genuine value. On the brisk you can fill the planks that will fix the rafter legs in the assembled form.

After the clip will be completed and the control assembly has been carried out, the rafters are labeled and equipped. The control assembly of the rafter feet is needed in order to be installed without fit. In the rafter elements provide places to install bolts and copilyons. The rafters with a small span are sometimes collected directly at the enterprises, and are delivered to the construction site already in the finished form.

Stropile log structures

In the manufacture of log-made rafters use a round bore forest with a diameter of 18 centimeters. The logs must be straightforward and smooth, without rot, wormochin, curvature. Small irregularities are treated with an ax on a cord.

Installation rafted on a log house is the creation of support of the rafter legs on the upper crowns of the building. From how correctly it will be done, the reliability of the structure depends. Tightening, with the help of which will be connected by rafting legs, should be made of high quality wood. The chosen under the tightening log is traced at the required length. Since most often a round timber supply 6.5 meters long, tightening for large spans usually make out of two or three logs interconnected along the length. Then they pick up the material for the rafter feet.

Slopes and racks having a smaller length are made from cropping or from short logs. The selected products produce the ends of the ends and make marking on the pattern of plywood or thin sheet metal. The dots of the wrist at the end of the markup are cut down and cleaned with sharply sharpened ax.

Composite-type beams on lamellar impudations are used in the arrangement of overlapping and upper farm belts - they are assembled from bars on wooden bends. The most common design of the national section is the beam. It is a design of two or three brushes made of coniferous wood connected to each other with lamellar bends and made using solid wood (most often oak, sometimes birch), when installed is used. The beams are made in the beams along the entire length, except for the middle part, in which the efforts to the slight shift.

They produce beams from the first grade bars, pre-dried to the moisture level of no more than 20%. This indicator in the lamellar coppings for the beams should be no more than 10%.

Before installing rafters on a log house, collect beams. It is possible to implement this with a special device consisting of two stand-stands (supports), there is a shaft on them that performs rotation in two sleeves. On the goselves on each side of the shaft are bars. With the help of chomutes, the ends of the beams are shifted. In order for the desired assembly lift in the beams, two spacers with a suitable thickness attach to the shaft.

After performing the screed of the beams, their middle becomes curved under the influence of the strut, and the beams are bent on the basis of the lifting value. During the bending of the beams, it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that the plane in contact with each other, BRUSEV, be seamless to each other.

In general, the installation of rafters during the construction of the roof of the bath is identical to the collection of construction on the house. Before, installing Mauerlat, collect a rafter farm and make a crate.

After the installation of the rafting system and the crates can be started to the roofing flooring. When creating the roof, do not forget about heat, hydro and vaporizolation, especially if it is planned to use the attic.

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In recent years, the popularity of houses from a log house is growing and this is not by chance. Such buildings, be it a house or a bath, amazed with your unique atmosphere, which brings people to their origins. Natural wood is distinguished by environmental safety, and this is not the only one plus. The microclimate in such houses is always healthy and pleasant, but it is necessary to remember the singularities of the logs. The designs of them differ in the instability of the size.

Humidity fluctuations can lead to certain linear type movies, which will be observed even after the construction is completed. It must be said that the greatest activity of the movement of the elements of the wooden structure is observed in the first few years. It then decreases to a large extent, but the shrinkage does not disappear completely. After construction, the forest is able to seek 20%, and when designing the house itself, as well as its individual elements, it must always be considered. Mostly changes the size across the logs, but the stem length itself dries slightly.

Build the roof over the loghouse built is not as easy as it may seem at first glance. Such work requires tremendous skill, knowledge of materials and carpenter skills. Before proceeding with work, it will be necessary to practice. In this article, we will look at the ways of the roofs of the roof over the loghouse and tell about the important stages of the installation. Let's hope that the information will be useful for masters and those who are first taken for such a job.

Impeccable installation can be achieved only when taking into account the shrinkage of the walls folded from log logs. The knowledge of the old technologies of the roofing and modern methods of installation can be needed. It should be understood that the accounting of the characteristics of the material is not enough in order to competently build a roof. There are nodes that it is important to pay high attention so that the roof is not deformed over time. It is necessary to choose the most rational way of construction. To do this, take into account the forces acting on each log, and choose the proper methods of deviations of these forces. Employees of our company will develop with all the features of this material and project.

It's no secret that houses from the cut are perfectly combined with such a roof that has two skates. Knowing what technologies usually apply, it is quite actually the installation of a solid system of a two-tie roof on a litter. Usually choose an angle of inclination of the roof, constituting from 45 degrees and even up to 65. In the figures below, the varieties of the roofs for cutters are clearly demonstrated. Roofing can be:

with insulation;
without using insulation;
black;
celebrate.

It is noteworthy that construction from logs retains old traditions, but includes new technologies that allow free to move wood without the risk of destruction of the structure. The fact is that the installation of the solo system of the two-tie roof on the Siruba implies two ways:

Installation occurs on males, namely on the fronstones of chopped logs. Bearing parts rest on the frontones. Then the lamp itself is stacked.
The roofs are based on the rafter system. They are erected in all the rules and regulations dictated by existing technologies. These roofs are hanging like, or inclined. The frontaths themselves may be seated with a board, while largely reduced by the construction budget.

In some cases, the halter system is aligned. In the middle of the roof of the males type in this case, a farm has a hanging look. Often the beam of the ceiling type fire itself - the translation - can act as a basis for mounting the rafter inclined type, and in some cases it acts as a tightening, which combines the elements in the triangle, referred to as hanging. The principle of the device can be understood only by reading the classic installation options. Consider some important points that can not be overlooked.

1. Main features of the manufacture of roofs on males

When it comes to a male scheme, here you can use the huge benefits provided by chopped boxes. They can be gathered, and it is also easily designed to understand. To do this, you need to remove the crowns from the places and install on the platform, which is ideal for these purposes. The playground must be smooth.

When work occurs on solid land, it is much more convenient. Gaskets made of aspen chocks are mounted under the crown itself. They will reproduce previous rows of the logs themselves. As a result, the top of the house from the logs, which converges is wedge. It is built, as usual, but it becomes much thinner than the width of the end walls. The edges of the frontones will resemble steps. The walls of the existing box themselves are stacked not long logs, but out. They should be cut off not in all rows, but only after 2-3 rows. Already on the fear will be mounted further the doom, then the material of the roofing type is used.

The end of the skate type will combine the vertices of the existing males. The log, which completes the fronton, always rehears on 2 Kant. At the same time, the protrusions resembling the steps that turned out from the male, it is necessary to sprinkle, or to gather in the form of a triangle. The remaining open areas are filled with short. Few people know, but old masters, carrying out the mount, never used the fasteners when installing the presented roof. This largely extended the life of wood, since inside it there was no metal rods, prone rust. Such structures could serve several hundred years.

2. How to combine running and rafters

In some cases, it is impossible to build a male roof. This may occur when the surplus was too diligently with a run or males, and at the same time climbed closed connections. In such a situation, the usual version should be supplemented from the top, while it disappears the need to put the hollows.

Alignment should occur at the very edges of the existing legs of the rafted. The lines themselves should be created strictly on the installed pattern, there are always no words, as well as leg lengths. It is not too important a high accuracy of cutting future compounds. It is better that the bowls were 5 cm more than Arbis the most outlines, as the log house will significantly settle and lose the former height. Behind the deposited box will see the bottom of the cutting raftering, the connection angle will decrease.

It is a wide wrestler who can guarantee complete safety when displaced. It is important that there is a small gap between the tops of the legs of the legs, leaving the beam. When the rafylans begin to gradually be back from the bottom, at the top they will gradually approach. After that moment when shrinkage occurs, the tops must be connected by the lining or a special tightening. Sometimes they are connected using a hinge assembly and do not wait for shrinkage.

So that the roof is reliable and was not demolished from the house, it is necessary to tie the rafyroids through one, it takes place in the 2nd crown on top, in which the studs are clogged, and twists from wire are used to connect. Gradually, the twist is weakened with shrinkage, then they are required to tighten.

3. Current rafters

The mount resembles the previous one, but in this variant do not follow out. The legs of the rafter are called the revolutions for the reason that they are their riding, as well as the bottom rests on the supports, which are completely independent. In this case, the heels below rest on the crown, and it serves as Mauerlat. If we consider the leaving of the top, then I must say that there are several options in such a situation.

Between the males can be laid a princess or a skating outlop. It is important that the top of the available rafalines, which are stacked in the earl, are not fasten, or they are connected to the use of a hinge.
Capital wall. Of course, there should be some gap on top of the Stropilin.
The matrices establishes a skating structure mounted under the beam. Do not need males. For reliable compensation for shrinkage, the reference pillars are necessary to install on devices that give the ability to regulate. We are talking about screw structures.

4. Scheme of a hanging type

Stropilin's legs were named with hanging, since they seem to hang over the box itself. They rest on the walls. As a support, the top will serve as part of the rafter. And the heels below are connected by the tightening method. As a result, the rafylans begin to resemble a triangle with equal parties. It is often called a farm or referred to as an arch. It is a tightening that is ready to take the space that is transmitted to the walls.

Run compensated, and this is a huge plus. A beam that is called ceiling may well be as a tightening. It is impossible not to note another advantage of the hanging option or the urban. The roof is going to the bottom, it is not necessary to rise up. In safe conditions, you can fit and rally all triangles rafters. But this system is not suitable for buildings with large spans. If the spans have more than 5 m, then the tightening for them will turn from their own weight.

It is necessary to understand that the sropling system of a two-tie roof on a log cabin is placed, taking into account all the important moments, otherwise it can collapse. The schemes and examples will help you choose the best option for construction. In any option you stop the choice, it is better to turn to the professionals of your business.

Intersiti is ready to offer you the best projects of houses from a log house and at a high level of professionalism to implement on a similar design. Any of the main versions of the company's best specialists will adapt to individual conditions. Cooperating with us, you do not have to come to the object in order to control the work. "INTERSITI" is a team of professionals, which can be implemented by any of your chosen project.

The roof is the most important part of anyone ... Well, you also know that, so we lower the introductory overflows from the empty to empty. Speech in the article will go on roofs for log cabins, and especially - about the variants of the roofing device for log cabins with chopped frontones.

By the way, if we speak in strict terminology, the roof is the whole design in general, which is crowned house. And the roof is the roof flooring directly - slate, tile, and so on. Also: the fact that in everyday life is called a fronton, it is, strictly speaking, a forcepets - the continuation of the end wall of the house, that part of it, which is limited to the roofs. FRONTON is an architectural decoration, and it is usually separated by a cornice from the main facade.

And here is the fronton.

What features may vary

In form.

Frams, as a rule, have scope roofs of various shapes. The most typical and simple for private houses is a divertile (or forcep). It is about her that we will talk in this article.

Also in low-rise construction are attached to the atticness of the attic, and, accordingly, roofs of roofs. However, for the attic it is not necessary to build a roof of a broken configuration. You can make the so-called "half-gang", if you raise the walls, approximately 1/3 or half the floor and put an ordinary batch roof. You can even get along the usual forcep (triangular) roof, if it is quite wide and high.

According to the degree of insulation.

In principle, it is possible to cover with a slate on the shelter, and ready. And to insulate the ceiling already - the overlap between the attic and the residential floor. This is, of course, the easiest and most brutal option. With the roof, even in progress, many prefer to tinker, especially now, when so many materials appeared, and according to the assurances of their manufacturers, it is impossible to steal without all sorts of steam, hydro and other insulation and insulation. But the key thought is such - that constructively insulate the attic overlap (ceiling) is much easier than the roof itself. Especially if we are talking about a fire with chopped frontons, and then it will be clear why.

On the other hand, you can make a warmed roof - for attic, or not to make a separate ceiling (for example, in the bath - in the rest room).

By the design of carrier elements:
Many know that the main carrier elements of the roof is rafters. But there is also ...
roofing on leather

mixed slightly rafter design.

The rafters can be toughly connected with the core house, or to be sliding ("floating") - an independent rafter design. Tight traditionally divided into:

hanging - render the sawing pressure on the walls when transferring the weight of the roof on the building; allowed with width between supports (external walls) to 6 - 6.5 meters;
current - associated with a tightening - beam - at the bottom ends, and thus the vertical pressure is rendered; Commitable in step between supports from 7 meters.

In a clean version, hanging rafters are rarely found, they are often reinforced by rigels, additional racks, drives and other structural elements. All together the design of the pair of rafters with other elements is called a farm. In addition to the hanging and urban structures that are collected at the facility, there are rafter farms that are collected in the factory conditions and delivered in the finished form.

More, of course, the roofs differ in the type of roofing coating, but this is so understandable.

What roof you need to put on the log house?

For a roof of a chub with chopped frontons, an exceptional option with sliding rafters is suitable.

All this is due to a substantial shrinkage of a church. Now we are talking about forcep roofs. Everything is simple: if some part of the cut is higher than the other, then the geometry between these parts after the shrinkage will change. Each log loses in the process of shrinkage to 15% of the volume in the diameter, but it is quite large. For a pinned log standard - 6-8%.

Chopped Fronton is like this:

The logs in the forceny (fronton) parts are called "males".

If the log house is a flat box, then all its walls will fall in the same way. But if some parts (frontones) are higher than others (longitudinal walls), then the height difference between them will change, and if you build a roof on rigidly fixed rafters, then it will literally cut off the log cabin, the males can fall out ... In general, it is fraught with a serious emergency situation.

Here is how shrinking a chopped frontone:

For which log cabins are rigid rafter structures? For spontaneous! When the roof is put on a flat frame of the frame - for example, a hip roof. Or you can make a frame fronton (scored boards, blockhead, etc.) ... But this is no longer quite a log house in its pure form.

A full-fledged log house with a forcep roof can only be with a chopped fronton. Why? Because the fronton is also part of the house, and a lot of one. If you make it frame, it turns out that afternoon is a frame assembly. Maybe it is practical - because it is easier, but in this case, the whole house is based on framework technology. Frams put on their special advantages, and if you do, then - to do and without half-term.

When to put a roof on a log house?

Immediately after the construction of the walls and earlier than inserting windows-doors. Sometimes recommendations are found: wait until shrinkage goes, or make a temporary roof. It's all nonsense. The house without a roof is not even a house. The geometry of a cut in the process of shrinkage to shape with all loads, that is, the house should be completed and the roof too. Temporary roof is reasonable only if you have difficulty building a capital roof.

Technologies allowing to build a cut roof, which will survive the shrinkage, exist. Objective reasons to postpone the construction - no.

About attic and attic

It is clear that the attic - a residential premises, and the attic, usually no. Mansard requires capital insulation of the roof, there is no attic.

If we talk about the supporting structure of the roof in the cutters with chopped frontones, then it is much easier to make a attic. More precisely, there is a tangled roof. However, this does not mean that the attic room cannot be used as a residential. There you can equip a summer attic.

In the old days, the roofs did not do roofs, but the summer rooms arranged in the attic. This part of the house was called "Terem".

To arrange a warm, all-season attic, you will have to tinker with the roof. In this case, - if there is a need and the possibility, is it better to build another full-fledged floor?

What are the advantages of the house with a attic:

easier to build;
the attic becomes climatic buffer between residential premises and an external environment;
therefore, there are fewer problems with condensate, ventilating, etc., there are no zones of sharp drops of temperature and humidity in overlaps, due to which the durability of the roof increases;
the attic one can still be used - as a shop, or as a summer guest room;
it is easier to keep track of the condition of the roof, carry out current repair work and so on.

What are the advantages of the attic? Increases living area of \u200b\u200bthe house, but not for nothing you get it! To equip a spacious attic will cost much cheaper than to build another floor.

Anticoned Roof Design for Chopped Frontton

There are two fundamental solutions:

the roof on the leaks is close by technology to the traditional carious structures of the roof of traditional Slavic logberies;
installation of sliding rafters.

There is still a running-rafter system, but these are the same sliding rafters, only with the addition of side slightened.

In fact, it is an oil oil, because in the first embodiment, beams are horizontally, and in the second vertically. Both structures are powerful enough to withstand the most severe, for example, tiled roof. Duplicate them - no sense.

Another thing is that in addition to keeping the roof, and the frontoths are also rigidly connected. And when rafters are added to such a design, it makes it in two cases:

so that the vertical rafters fill the doom;
to make a thick cake of a warm roof for the attic.

Probably, engineering solutions are quite possible to arrange a warm roof on a burden basis, but they have not yet been developed yet, since so far the developers have enough sol. Therefore, if you planned to build a attic, the rafted installations are not to be avoided if there is no desire to experiment.

Rafters on sliding compounds

The rafters are attached above the skate beam (in the old manner: "Princess Snow", "Knes") to the upper vents of longitudinal walls by sliding compounds, so-called "sliding". It looks like this:

This attachment has two parts:

planck guide (mounted on a rafter foot);
support corner (attached to the upper crown).

The length of the guide strip can be different, the maximum will allow the rafter foot to move down 16 cm. This is more than enough to shrink the highest roof.

The guide bar is recommended to fix along the axis of the raftered, and it is correct. However, then one wonderful nuance arises. On most photos found on the Internet, you can see that the corner is installed and secured perpendicular to the bar. And so that the top of the loop of the corner is located on the oppressive to the upper edge of the guide. It is not right!

The fact is that when shrinking, the rafter will not only go down, but also the angle between the rafter and the horizontal line between the upper points of the walls (see above the dynamic shrinkage scheme). If the rafter relies on the log, then its part that comes back on the roof plumbing will rise relative to the wall, and will rise up the lower part of the fastening strip. And the position of the corner will not change, and the bar will die with one edge into the corner. As a result, the movable connections node is deformed.

True, if you cut the groove in the upper crown to raftered with a margin at an angle, to kill rafters, then there will be no skew, the plank, along with the rafter foot, simply go down the slightly lower, and will slide normally. But this moment needs to be remembered when installing rafters, and cut the groove with a margin to lay down raftered, or do not adjoin the close upward reference corner to the guide bar, and better do it.

Description of the dynamic scheme:
1. That will go raftered
2. That this part of the rafter raises, and with it the guide plank
3. That this is so descended by this part of the rafter and the guide strip, throughout the angle 3 ° -5 °
4. But this is enough so that the plane crashed into the corner loop here and began to pull the mount
5. Draft, if it was made, allowing a rafter foot in this direction, then there will be no problems

Another point: Clepping the corner on the support log closer inside the cut - so that the place is left for the board, which you will then close the space between the rafters.

And the third important nuance. The rafters as a result of the shrinkage will not just go down, the corners of the roof will also change, not much - by 3-5 degrees - but this is enough to create problems. One problem - in a sliding mount - already noted. The second - in the connection rafted on the skate. It must be definitely hinged.

In many photos on the Internet you can see this:

And this is an example of fastening a rafter pair in a sliding design! The angle of inclination at 3 ° at the shoulder of about 4 meters (the length of the rafted is not very wide roof) can seriously affect the roof geometry. Hard attachment rafted in the skate is unacceptable! Otherwise, there will be no sense from the sliding!

To fasten the rafter on the skate, you need either anklest, like this:

either in this way:

Look at this video to, as they say, "see once", about what we are talking about:

Roof on the outdoors - perfect for chopped frontons

End - horizontal log beams that connect and hardly fix the frontones of the cut; are not only a natural constructive, but also architectural element. For example, gorgeous fit into the design of the "Wild Floor" protruding long logs (Verkho) - you can put a wide console on them.

The burial design of the roof is, about it: so:

What is good in this decision?

Why rafters, if there is already the main supporting design for the roof? Additionally, nothing to be selected, it is not necessary to install. If you put to put it quite often, then they are a ready-made doom on which you can put, for example, tile, drank. In any case, sanding slate, or metal tile.
On End, you can put a solid doom (online boards), which is already almost ready roofing!
Slores are cut into the males, and, therefore, when shrinking, they descend along with the fRonon of the log house - do not need to make anything with sliding fasteners.

Generally speaking, the running construction has appeared much earlier.

All of the above merits are valid in the event that it is not hard to fix anything to them so that this fastening prevented the shrinkage. That is, if you are making the pendant to the fence with nails, then the shrinkage will become a problem - the runs will fall along with the males, and the doom and everything you knitted, attached - no.

But! On the outstand you can store the boards, without fastening them hard. Thus, we get either a doom, or a wooden - for example, a dwarf roof.

How to do it? It is possible, in principle, to nail the edge of the board with nails to the ski beam (Knesu) on one line, parallel to the axis of the Knesa, - so that with a small change in the angle, under which the boarded flooring will be lying, it does not break it. But even this is not necessary.

The old technology of Russian wooden architecture suggests a solution.

Roof "Without a single nail"

The chicken were swayed in several side slightly. The chicken themselves were cut down from spruce trunks, the hook was obtained from the root system. A stream was held on the chiches - the woven log, in which the boarded flooring was resting - the roofs of the roof. The upper part of the trees loosely laid on the skate beam in such a way that during the shrinkage the upper ends of the Tamns could freely converge. To do this, left a place when laying. Skating beam (KNZH) washed from two sides, so that the tosses were tightly faced.

If you leave 10 cm for the lifting of Tesnin on Knesu, then this is enough with interest, because the chicken will be lowered during the shrinkage, which means that they are tested on the outdoors. From above, they were tested to the skate beam in the ocher - a heavy wounded log. Thus, the dwelles were fixed in the top of the roof and on the plumb.

It is concurred, no one forces to follow the ancient technology now, where it is appropriate, you can use nails, self-tapping screws, etc. The main thing is to catch the principle. And what is he?

That's what:

In the same way, it is possible to attach a solid fit today on a running roof. If there is no desire to bother with chics (although it is not harder than with a rafter system), then you can lean the boards in the hollow-in waters. Moreover, you can vice versa - to mount the boards at the skate beam so that they are then dropped into the hollow in the upper crown. It is in this way when a warm roof device in the "Norwegian" technology, which I will briefly say below.

"Disadvantage" of the running structure

This is a very conditional "non-love". He is that since now in the fashion, the rafter system, driving engineering solutions for the arrangement of a warm roof on the leather did not develop. Although such decisions are undoubtedly possible.

However, if you are interested in the roof with a "cold" attic, or a summer attic, the burial roof is the optimal option. The roof in this case is better - traditionally dais.

A little about the wooden roof

It would seem: a wooden roof? She will rot!

This is not true. Roofing from Osinova (similar materials - shingles, lemheh), or Texa can serve 40-50, or even more than a year. Of the additional advantages, what kind of roof is easy and cheap to repair - you only need to replace the spoiled elements. In the case of capital update of the Tösov roof, only the upper layer of Tesnin will have to change, the subtesting remains, as a rule, intact.

What is a china roof? This is the first layer of trees boards, over the second layer. Between them can be laid Beresto ("Rock") for additional insulation, waterproofing and antiseptic effect. Beresta has powerful antiseptic properties, and distributes them to those materials that come into contact with it. It is not necessary to impregnate any such wooden roofs - the rain will still quickly wash, and there will be no special effect.

I recommend a very high-quality video about the roof in Russian wooden architecture :

Regarding the "warmth" of such a wooden - the roof counts themselves. This, of course, is not 20 cm of some "rokuell", but two layers of a tightly fitted tree overlooked by bark. In any case, the warmer of naked slate, tiles, or metal tiles, etc. That is, for quite protected from bodies and moisture, the attic, or summer attic - perfectly. Yes, this roof does not miss the water. She doesn't need vaporizolation (after all, it breathes, like the walls of the cut!). Therefore, by the way, it is unnecessary to pour a wooden roof bitumen, or to shove there rubed, as some strange people sometimes advise. Due to such attempts to "modernization", the roof can be driven on the contrary - because natural ventilation will be broken.

Similarly, the roof of dranco - has the same properties.

Simply and in the case about the aspen dranco:

The difference is close from the ordinary cutting board in the fact that when the logs are cut on the boards, the natural structure of wood is disturbed - the fibers are broken. In the production of Texa and drank, the split occurs along the fibers, due to which these building materials are better resisting aggressive effects of the medium.

Warm roof for attic on Norwegian technology

In this case, the case is not in this particular technology - I will not explain it in detail now, is the case in the principle of the device of such roofs. The general principle is the same everywhere.

As I said, if you want to make a attic, then you will have to tinker with a slightly rafting roof device. In addition, the broken roof and a chopped fondon of the cut - a bad combination. If the log house and samstyle tongs are better to build a half-gloom.

Briefly focus on the main points of the general scheme:

We have down and the skating key to the end, which is climbing to put on her cracked facets of the board.

We have a lower crown with an extended groove, which includes boards (they are not fully included - a good stock is left for shrinkage; that is, this gentle will slide down).
The boards are put on a checker order - so that the second layer overlap the joints of the first, and bonded with each other - it turns out a wooden shield. From above, it is a solid doom, from below - that is, inside the house - the ceiling of the attic.

So far, everything is very similar to the wooden roof on the outdoors, isn't it?

The shield is put.
Put rafters on sliding fasteners.
Between the rafters laid minvatu.
(It is interesting here - that it is possible that you can and the foam! And why not? Minvat is not more environmentally friendly and not "natural", and if it happens - the foam of condensate is not afraid, it means that it is not necessary for a fruit with isolation films. But for some reason more often We are talking about the recipes of such "pies".)
On top of the insulation - waterproofing membrane.
And here it makes sense in the rafters! They are still attached to the makeup.
Finish roofing material is fixed.

The catch is the main idea: in the whole of this scheme, the sliding rafters appeared only because it was necessary to put the insulation, for example. Due to getting a "warm" roof for the attic. In any other case, it would be possible to put the root directly on the first makeup, or even immediately to the blind!

This is a general principle:

For the construction of roofs of log cabins with minced (male) frontons, if possible, and even the need to install powerful massive slightly, the setting of the rafter is needed only in the case of an arrangement of the attic.

In general, it is necessary to think creatively - in order not to fulfill bad, unnecessary work. And then now there is a strange and irrational faith for many that whatever roof is - it is necessary to rafters! And this is not so.

Do not strive to make a roof with a steep bias - they say so that the snow goes and the rain does not rain. The rain will still be drum down on the roof, and the snow is natural in winter. Without snow, the roof is colder. Remember if the snow does not fall on time, then winter frozen, from school biology.

The normal roof will be with a slope of 18-20 gr. For dranco and ace - from 28. The smaller the slope - the smaller the materials and work on the roof will leave.

Rafters, usually made from beams 50x150 (200) mm. Often you can take a width of 40mm. According to regulations, the roof design must withstand the weight of the roofing material plus 200 kg per square meter area.

The moving connection to the rafter is enough to attach on the one hand, if fixed from two - they will be in one place! - Перемольние rafter.
You can perfectly apply the unedged board in the construction of the roof, but it is important to remove the bark with it and to fool the swamp. Under the crust - the zone of the accumulation of moisture and posting.

Finally, the video about the manufacture of chickens - the structural elements of the "roof without nails" - not so difficult: