Neurologist for what is responsible. Who is a neurologist? General characteristics of the direction

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What kind of doctor is a neurologist?

Neurologist He is a specialist in the diseases of the nervous system. This is a very extensive area of \u200b\u200bmedicine, since the nervous system to one degree or another controls all the processes occurring in the body. As a result, very many diseases may have neurological nature.

Currently, neurologists are considered a very popular and prestigious category among other medical workers. Most often they are not the first link, with which contacts the patient. Other specialists are sent to the neurologist in suspected violations in the work of the nervous system.

Neurology is engaged in the diagnosis and treatment of the following violations:

brain and spinal cord diseases;
peripheral nerve diseases ( paralysis);
some violations of a general nature - hysteria, neurasthenia, etc.;

sleep disorders;
brain circulation disorders;
consequences of cranial injuries;
congenital defects for the development of the nervous system.

What is the difference between a neurologist and a neurologist?

Neurologist and neuropathologist - this is the same specialist. The specialty "Neurology" comes from the Greek words "nerve" and "science", and neuropathology - "nerve", "disease" and "science". There is no difference between these specialists. Simply in most countries is used by the term "neurology", and in the USSR in the go was the term "neuropathology". Accordingly, neurologists in the post-Soviet space, many are still called neuropathologists.

Categories of neurologists

As with other medical professionals, neurologists have a division into qualifying categories. Categories are assigned on the basis of work experience and according to the results of special certification. In different countries, criteria for assignment category may differ slightly.

Currently, there are 3 categories of doctors:

second category - at least 5 years of experience;
first category - at least 7 years of experience;
higher Category - Not less than 10 years of experience.

In addition, patients can also receive specialists with scientific degrees ( candidate of Science, Doctor of Science). The scientific extent means that the doctor was engaged not only by practical medicine, but also participated in various studies, wrote and published scientific articles. As a rule, such specialists are engaged in complex cases and rare diseases.

Types and specialization of neurologists

In neurology, there are several branches that are engaged only by certain types of nervous system disorders. Neurologists undergo an additional specialization, experience gained and eventually become narrower specialists who are able to help the well-defined category of patients.

Children and teen neurologist ( pediatrician)

In pediatric hospitals and clinics, a neurologist is a very necessary specialist. There are many neurological disorders that are characteristic of children of different ages. Specialists in children's neurology are diagnosed and treated with these pathologies. The need for pediatrician neurologists is also explained by the fact that these doctors are watching the development of the child as they grow. In the first years of life, periodic consultations are needed to all children.

Most often to child neurologists are treated for the following reasons:

minimum brain dysfunction;
syndrome of attention and hyperactivity deficit;
sleep disorders;
generic injuries;
delay of speech development.

The newborn explicit neurological symptom is the emestion of the spring. When this symptom appears, it is necessary to seem like a specialist.

Speech therapist

The speech therapist is not necessarily a neurologist and may not even be a doctor. This area is considered to be a section of pedagogy. It is engaged in various violations of speech in children. One of the possible causes of such violations may be neurological diseases. It is in these cases that neurology with a speech therapy intersect. In principle, the children's neurologist can be in parallel to be a logop and engage in more in-depth violations of speech development. However, a separate specialty "neurologist-speech therapist" in medicine still does not exist. Pediatricians or therapist can be engaged in violations of speech in children with the same success. Deep knowledge is in neurology for this are usually not required.

Vegetologist

Vegetologist is a relatively young branch in the development of neurology. Neurologist-Vegetologists are engaged in diseases and various impairment in the work of the autonomic nervous system, which regulates the activities of many internal organs.

The diseases of the vegetative nervous system are most often manifested by the following symptoms:

sleep disorders;
unstable blood pressure;
some personality changes and others.

Of course, all these pathologies can be caused by other problems. However, if a patient with unstable pressure, a cardiologist excludes heart problems, it is necessary to refer to a neurologist-vegetative. It should be noted that conventional neurologists can also deal with the treatment and observation of such patients.

Parkinsologist

Parkinsologist is a narrow specialization of the neurologist. These specialists are engaged in the diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson's disease. Due to the fact that this pathology is very rare, finding such a doctor is usually difficult. It can really effectively help patients with Parkinson's disease. Since this pathology is considered incurable, the patient works with the selected Parkinsologist for a long time. Their task is to delay the progression of symptoms. In practice, neurologists-Parkinsologists often receive patients with other neurological diseases.

Epileptologist

The epileptologist is also a neurologist narrow specialization. His task is diagnosis, observation and treatment of patients with epilepsy. To the epileptologist on reception can send patients who have a convulsive fit ( epilepsy symptom). However, there are many other diseases that can cause cramps. The epileptologist should be able to diagnose them, so as not to be mistaken with the diagnosis.

Physiotherapist

Physiotherapy studies therapeutic effects of various physical factors. It is widely used, including in neurological diseases. In particular, physiotherapy is often prescribed to patients who have suffered a stroke. In principle, the physiotherapist is a separate specialist whose activities are not related to the work of the neurologist, but these doctors are often cooperated for the treatment of various violations. In this case, the leading role is played by a neurologist, since it is precisely he solves whether the patient needs physiotherapy and which therapeutic procedures are necessary.

Masseur

There are many different types of massage, most of which are more cosmetic. However, there is also a healing massage that can accelerate recovery in various pathologies. The specialty "Neurologist-Masseur", in principle, does not exist. However, many neurologists ( especially vertebrology) really own the technique of therapeutic massage. If the doctor himself cannot conduct massage sessions, he will always direct the patient to a good specialist.

In neurologists, massage may be needed in the following cases:

paralysis and paresa;
sensitivity disorders;
chronic pains ( massage is not always needed);
many diseases of the spine;
brain circulation failure ( making a neck massage to improve blood influx).

Vertebrologist

The vertebrologist is a specialist engaged in various violations at the level of the spine. In essence, this is a neurologist, but its functions are not limited to the nervous system. In addition to the pathologies of the spinal cord and its roots, the vertebrologist can treat some spinal tumors ( usually metastatic), back injuries. That is, he treats not only nerves, but also bones, muscles and spine ligaments, which are located near the spinal cord.

To the vertebrologist can send patients with the following pathologies:

spinal curvature ( lordoz, Kyphos, Scoliosis);
infringement of spinal cord roots, etc.

Vertebrologists are very popular specialists. Injuries or age problems with the back sooner or later appear almost every person.

Therapist

A separate specialty "neurologist-therapist" does not exist. The therapist is a general doctor who can independently treat the most common diseases. However, its main task is the correct formulation of the diagnosis after examining the patient and the direction of the patient to the doctors by a narrower specialization. Most often, the therapist does not occupy the treatment of neurological pathologies. For this purpose appoints primary analyzes and surveys, and then transfers their neurologist. If the pathology of the nervous system is not too serious, the neurologist will prescribe treatment, and it is possible to observe regularly at the therapist.

Reflexoterapeut

Reflexotherapy is another name of acupuncture. This therapeutic practice has appeared long ago and relates rather to alternative medicine. However, modern studies prove its effectiveness in many diseases. During the procedures, the impact on the nerve endings and centers, therefore a good neurologist, in principle, can also be engaged in reflexology, combining it with other healing methods. Some specialists prescribe acupuncture with very serious neurological pathologies. However, not all reflexotherapists are neurologists.

Psychotherapist

Psychotherapy is a very separate area of \u200b\u200bmedicine, which has little in common with other directions. Psychotherapist tries to identify the connection between psychological and somatic ( physical) Patient disorders. Sometimes such a connection is really present. Including some mental injuries may be the cause of a number of nervous disorders. However, the methods of diagnosis and treatment of a neuropathologist and psychotherapist are completely different. One person can not be a qualified specialist in both of these areas.

Orthopedist

The orthopedics are close to surgery, as it is engaged in the correction of various bone defects and muscles. Directly with neurology, it does not intersect, so the specialty neurologist-orthopedist does not exist. These experts often work in parallel. This is mainly due to various congenital defects in children.

Osteopath ( chiropractor)

Osteopaths and manual therapists are highly qualified massage professionals. However, if the usual massage involves the impact on soft tissues, the doctors of this specialty also work with bones and ligaments. With neurology, they intersect when various problems with the spine appear. The displacement of the vertebrae often leads to the fact that the cerebrospinal roots are infringed. Manual therapists can solve this problem without surgical intervention. From neurological specialties are closest to them vertebrologists. However, neurology still deals with purely nerve disorders and is not related to bones and bindings. That is why the specialty "neurologist-osteopath" does not exist.

The vertebrologist or neurologist can send a patient for treating a manual therapist in the following cases:

back injuries, neck and limbs;
recovery period after stroke;
vertebrae shifts;
the hernia of the intervertebral disk;
infringement of nerves.

Dermatologist

Dermatology and neurology are two areas of medicine that have little in common. Most dermatological problems and symptoms are not associated with disorders in the nervous system and have another nature. Diseases of the head and spinal cord can sometimes enhance or reduce skin sensitivity in different parts of the body. Because of this, patients sometimes mistakenly turn to a dermatologist, thinking that the problem is in the skin. However, a separate specialty neurologist-dermatologist does not exist. If necessary, these doctors simply guide the patient to colleagues to clarify the diagnosis.

Surgeon ( neurosurgeon)

Neurosurgery is a section of surgery, which is engaged in surgical treatment of various pathologies of the nervous system. These specialists are very in demand. Neurosurgeons combine the principles of diagnosis and treatment of surgery and neurology in their work. Definable knowledge in surgery is necessary for them directly for operations. However, they are also perfectly understood in the symptoms and manifestations of neurological pathologies, as they should observe the patient before, during and after surgery.

Neurosurgeon help may be needed under the following diseases:

stroke;
card and brain injuries;
spinal injuries;
crosslinking peripheral nerves;
some infections of the nervous system;
congenital disorders of the CNS development ( central nervous system);
tumor diseases;
vertebrate hernia and others.

Typically, patients do not immediately come to the reception to neurosurgeons. These are specialists of the highest qualifications that do not accept any patient. The direction for the survey can be obtained after consulting a neurologist, therapist, pediatrician ( if we are talking about congenital problems).

Psychiatrist and psychologist

Psychiatric diseases are not always due to any structural problems in the central nervous system. That is why a psychiatrist and a neurologist - two different specialties and not so often intersect in terms of diagnosis and treatment of patients. For example, panic attacks or depression can be a manifestation of both neurological and mental disorders. A separate specialty "neurologist-psychiatrist" or "neurologist-psychologist" does not exist, although these doctors often attract each other for advisory assistance.

Cardiologist

In most cases, heart disease are not associated with violations in the work of the nervous system, although the work of this body, of course, is controlled by the Special Department in the brain. The circle of diseases that violate the work of this center is very small, so it is not required to allocate a separate specialty "neurologist-cardiologist". Most often, patients refer to a conventional cardiologist. If he suspects that the problem may not be in the heart, but in the nerves that they manage, he himself will appoint a consultation of the neurologist.

Otorhinolaryngologist ( Laura)

A separate specialty "neurologist-otorinolaryngologist" does not exist, but there are some diseases that require consultation of both of these specialists. The ENT doctor, for example, can send to a neurologist of patients with smell impairment ( dysosmia) or hearing ( hearing hallucinations). The fact is that the otorhinolaryngologist is engaged in pathologies affecting the ears, a throat, larynx and a nasal cavity. Here are receptors and many senses. However, the signals from these organs are sent to special brain cortex. If ENT finds problems with the senses themselves, it sends a patient to a neurological examination to exclude, for example, tumors in the respective brain areas. It should be noted that such cases are found in practice extremely rare. That is why there is no need for a separate specialty "Neurologist-ENT".

Okulist ( ophthalmologist)

Ophthalmologist or Okulist is engaged in the diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases. In the overwhelming majority, they appear due to structural and functional disorders at the level of the eye itself and are not related to the nervous system. However, there are patients who have a healthy eye, but violations are present. In these cases, it may indeed be about the pathology of the nerves transmitting pulses in the brain, or about problems with the area of \u200b\u200bthe cortex responsible for vision. Then the patient is directed to a neurologist. However, in general, neurology and ophthalmology have little common, so "neurologists-ophthalmologists" simply does not exist.

Urologist

Urologists are specialists in the field of diseases of the genitourinary system. The work of the kidneys and bladder is controlled by the brain, but the problem is far from always in disturbances at this level. That is why a separate specialty "neurologist-urologist" does not exist.

The consultation of the neurologist may be needed with the following urological problems:

Chronic lack of sleep, heavy mental and physical exertion, stress, pursuit of increasing, unfavorable environmental conditions, improper nutrition and bad habits - All this originates the human nervous system, which in the end gives failure. We live in the age of technology and permissiveness, but, nevertheless, our organisms weaken, and diseases are young, and are becoming more sophisticated.

However, with diseases of the nervous system and the problems of the head and spinal cord, even in antiquity, as evidenced by the works of hippocrates and other scientists of those times. Of course, there were fewer them, and they happened less often, but still were. That is why there was a need for a separate science that would study the structure of the central nervous system, the functions of the components of its bodies and structures, the mechanism of development of violations in them, and also offered ways to solve the pathologies. Called it neurology, and doctors neuropathologists. In the eighties of the twentieth century, changes have occurred in the Ministry of Health, and the neuropathologist was renamed the neurologist.

Now you will learn that a neurologist treats, and with what symptoms to contact him, but first find out who he is in general.

Who is a neurologist?

A neurologist is a specialist who graduated from the Medical Institute for the Medical Case, which is well-versed in therapy, and at the same time, has shifted in the neurological direction.

The human nervous system is a complex set of structures that include:

Brain;
Spinal cord;
Nervous plexus;
Bundles;
End and fibers.

All of them consist of nerve cells that are called neurons. When a failure occurs in their work, inflammation is developing in the central CNS, which is fraught with serious problems for the body as a whole.

The doctor of this profession should be able to find the right approach to patients, to conduct a survey to reliably determine the cause of violation, and choose a study plan, on the basis of which one can assume a diagnosis. Let's see what a neurologist does and what he treats.

Its competence applies to any kind of neurological disorders. They are numbered a huge amount, and for each of them there are characteristic symptoms that contribute to the reasons for predisposing factors, as well as probable complications.

Often, the disease of the nervous system can be characterized by the resulting paralysis, mental disruptions, convulsions and loss of any sensitivity. The most common conditions to be treated by the neurologist is:

Migraine - attacks of severe headaches. It is noted that about 70% of the Earth's population is more or less suffering from this phenomenon;
Nervous tick - muscle contractions on the face, repeated with a certain frequency;
Tremor - trembling fingers and hands;
Paralysis is the most famous paralysis of Bella, who strikes the nerve on one side of the face;
Osteochondrosis - against the background of dystrophic changes in the cartilage of the spine, nerve endings may be pushed;
Intervertebral hernia - a similar situation associated with the proximity of the spinal cord vertebral discs and its processes;
Radiculitis - a disease at which the nerve roots in the spine is inflamed;
Epilepsy - refers to a serious CNS disease, which is chronic, and manifested by seizures, loss of consciousness and convulsions;
Stroke - as a result of this acute violation, the brain may not be provided with blood, which is why paralysis develops;
Consequences of the injury of skull and back;
Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease - arises due to the active death of neurons, which entails irreversible consequences for the nervous system and psyche.

This is not the entire list of pathologies, but the main list of the fact that the neurologist treats in adults.

An experienced neurologist is always trying to hear his patient, learn everything about complaints, well inspect him, starting with gait and movements, ending with the features of the face, to find out whether there were similar cases from his close relatives, and listen to the assumptions of the patient about the possible causes of pathological disorders.

You can conclude: the first thing that the neurologist does is diagnose the patient. If necessary, it resorts to different analyzes and other research methods. Based on their results, it is working as a therapeutic course, controls the patient's condition at all stages of treatment, helps the body to recover, and gives the patient preventive tips.

What symptoms to contact?

Violations in the work of the CNS organs occur slowly and unnoticed. Because of this, a person is very often unaware of serious danger until he does not appear paralysis, mental disorders or weakens intelligence. In the elderly, the risks of these diseases increase at times.

Even such minor manifestations like tingling and numbness of the fingers should not be ignored, especially if they are combined with frequent dizziness, headaches and loss of consciousness.

What treats a neurologist, and with what symptoms to contact:

Weekly attacks of migraine, accompanied by a deterioration in the work of the visual apparatus, irrigates of blood pressure and nausea;
Severe dizziness;
Short-term loss of vision or consciousness with their subsequent return;
Unconscious seizures with convulsions;
Progressive muscular weakness;
Stiffness of body movements;
Tremor hands and legs;
Painful sensations along the back (spine);
Tissue numbers, tingling or loss of sensitivity in separate sites;
Worsening memory;
Chronic insomnia, or vice versa, round-the-clock drowsy state;
Tides heat or chills;
Heart palpitations;
Attacks of panic and depression;
Disorder work of taste receptors and smell.

Neurologist - A doctor who is engaged in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system.

The central nervous system is represented by the head and spinal cord, peripheral - various structures connecting the central nervous system with various organs and tissues. The nervous system provides the regulation of the activities of all organism systems and the reaction to the change in the conditions of the internal and external environment.

Science Neurology studies diseases of the nervous system, and neurologist diagnoses neurological diseases and prescribes the methods of their treatment. The human nervous system participates in the development of a variety of diseases, which aggravates their clinical picture. It is for this reason that many doctors send their patients to a neurologist to adjust the treatment prescribed by them.

What treats neurologist

The diseases of the nervous system are very diverse. They are based on:

Most often to a neurologist about migraine. This disease is characterized by attacks of a strong headache, which is more often unilateral. More than 75% of large cities are regularly facing such a problem.

Also a very common problem are diseases of the autonomic nervous system. They manifest themselves in the form of blood pressure surges, soreness in the chest on the left, chronic fatigue, dizziness, anxiety and fear. More than half of the population of our planet complains about these phenomena.

In addition, a neurologist is engaged in the treatment of intervertebral hernia, osteochondrosis, radiculitis and vegetative-vascular dystonia; pinching nerve fibers; concussions of the brain and their consequences. People who suffer from epilepsy, insufficiency of cerebral circulation, strokes, memory disorders, neuritis and polyneuropathy are also treated for this specialist.

Another sphere of activity of the neurologist are complications of osteochondrosis, encephalitis of various origin and neoplasm in the brain and other parts of the nervous system. They turn to a neurologist about the degenerative states of the National Assembly, such as senile dementia, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease.

At what symptoms to contact a neurologist

What diseases treats neurologist

How is the reception at the neurologist

With a primary visit to the neurologist's doctor, a specialist will need to ask a person about complaints, that is, to collect anamnesis of the disease. An experienced doctor only on gait and movements can already evaluate the patient's condition. But, careful inspection is necessary: \u200b\u200bvisual, tactile and with tools, for diagnosis. To evaluate some reflexes, the state of the muscles will need to take part of the clothing. So, how is the reception at the neurologist:

The specialist inspects the appearance of the patient for the presence of asymmetry of the face, body.

To study the work of the eye nerve, you will need to trace the movements of the hammer, without turning the heads.

Check the reflexes doctor can with your facial expressions. Neurologist will ask you to mold your forehead, label tongue or say "a".

You can check the sensitivity of the face with a needle. It is not necessary to be afraid, it will be necessary to focus as much as possible and answer the questions of the neurologist about whether the same sensations experience with injections in symmetric zones.

The doctor to determine the state of the muscles, their tone and reflexes will ask for the hand to shake his hand, resist when trying to flexing the elbow. The assessment occurs by calculating points from 1 to 5.

Deep hand reflexes and legs check the hammer over the tendons.

Surface reflexes are tested, irritating the skin of the abdominal wall by a needle.

A deep study of muscles and joints is carried out when the patient has eyes closed, and the doctor takes him his finger in different directions, and asks for sure to call it in which direction he does.

Determine the condition of the spinal nerves and the paravertebral pain points helps drawing the patient's back of various figures, letters and numbers.

Coordination of movements is checked by romberg. Patient stands, legs together, hands stretched forward, eyes closed. The neurologist will ask slowly to bring the index finger to the nose (each hand). With this study, a person ideally should not be wagged on the parties.

It is possible to evaluate the memory, you will need to answer specific questions about the account or date.

What diagnostic methods are used neurologist

the study of the spinal curtain fluid;
electrophysiological testing of muscle potentials (electroeuromyography);
radiography of the skull and spine, other bodies;
angiography of brain vessels;
electroencephalography;
ultrasound (Doppler) study of brain vessels;
cT scan;
magnetic resonance imaging.

What methods of treatment are used neurologist

Methods of treating the patient at the neurologist, as well as from any doctor, can be divided into drug, surgical, extra. Preparations used in the pathologies of the nervous system are different, depending on the cause and mechanism of the disease. Antibiotics, corticosteroids, anti-inflammatory agents, antihistamines, improving blood circulation and microcirculation, affecting memory, sleeping pills, antidepressants, tranquilizers, neuroleptics, soothing and many others are used.

Surgically removed neoplasms of the nervous system, in addition, neurosurgeons carry out operations on altered vessels. Additional methods of treatment include numerous techniques of physiotherapy. With many diseases it is necessary to conduct psychotherapeutic classes. Also, neurologists are used very efficient needleflexotherapy, various types of massage (vacuum massage, point), therapeutic physical education.

Neurological diseases are not yet fully studied by medical science and practice, reasons and mechanisms for the development of many of them are not known to specialists. However, a wide range of methods of impact on the nervous system often allows you to cure a disease or significantly alleviate the quality of the patient's life.

Questions and answers on the topic "Neurologist"

Question: Symptoms - At night, I wake up from anxiety, accompanied by trembling in the body. If you do not accept medicines intensifying, I accept afobazole 2 T * 3 times, it does not help less. I accept a month. The day begins sudden tenting after some physical activity, the forces have become sharply limited. What was just, is now difficult to do. What drug can you try? Atractions were discharged, glycine from them excitability, heartbeat reinforced.

Answer: Hello. You need to find a psychotherapist doctor who focuses on psychotherapy, and does not try all the pills on you just in case.

Question: Hello, I am 59 years old, legs swell in the ankle area, the cardiologist said that these are not heart swelling, but there is a hernia in the spine, who to contact?

Answer: Therapist, phlebologist.

Question: HELLO. Empty legs (hips). Please tell me what to do and to whom to contact. What medications take.

Answer: It is necessary to determine the cause, and for this you should contact a neurologist and phlebologist.

Question: Hello. I can not fall asleep. I wake up due to lack of air, a feeling of fear, a panic begins. Strong and rapid heartbeat. Light chills.

Answer: Painic attack is possible. You need a full-time consultation of the psychotherapist.

Question: Hello! I am 46 years old, Major Fire Protection. On half a year ago, I noticed difficulties in the letter, namely it became problematic to write two three words. After a minute, two arises pain in the middle of the brush and from the wrist to the elbow. I read in the internet, according to the description it is a "writing spasm". What should I do and how can I fix it?

Answer: You need to start with full-time consultation at the neurologist to carry out the necessary diagnostic measures, formulation of diagnosis and treatment of treatment. Diseases with similar features: Motonia, ulnok nerve damage, custod canal syndrome, root syndrome, intervertebral hernia.

Question: I am 42 years old, every day there are hands to the elbow, then begins to break, I can not do anything around the house. The head is spinning, and most importantly, I prevent me from living: when walking it seems to me that I step on something soft, I feel that someone pushes me to the sides, I fall somewhere, it happens that I am on the ship and me shakes No one says anything, I do not know what to do.

Answer: To make an MRI of the cervical department, the USDG vessels of the cervical and brain and with the results of the examination to contact the neurologist and to the manual therapist.

Neurologist (previously neuropathologist) is a doctor who diagnoses, treats and warns the pathology of the head and spinal cord (CNS), nerve endings (PNS), as well as diseases of the spine and joints affecting the nervous system.

The neurologist is engaged in the elimination of neurological disorders of different origin: prenatal, genetically determined, traumatic, inflammatory nature, dystrophic.

Here are common diseases that neurologist treats:

Pain syndromes accompanying the defeat of the nerves.
Migraine and headaches.
Tremor hands, nervous ticks.
Radiculitis, the hernia of the spinal column, including post-traumatic.
Osteochondrosis and its complications.
Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson.
Meningitis and encephalitis.

In addition, the neuropathologist eliminates the consequences of strokes, treats the tumor of the CNS, epilepsy, encephalopathy.

The neurologist's profession involves close contact with a pediatrician and a general practitioner, neurosurgeon, a psychiatrist and a psychotherapist.

Specialization of neurologists

Children's neurologist - provides medical care for children under 18.
Chiropractor - treats diseases of bones, muscles and joints with physical influence on various areas of the body.
Neurologist-epileptologist - He studies and treats epilepsy.

Places of work

The position of the neurologist (neuropathologist) is in clinics, hospitals, specialized ambulance brigades, diagnostic centers, research institutes, sanatoriums.

History of profession

The point of reference in the development of neurology is considered to be 1860, when the French doctor J. Sharko discovered the first neurological department and there he also taught physician students and young doctors. After 9 years, Charcot described the dissipated sclerosis, and at the end of the seventies - published two books: about diseases of the nervous system and their localization. It was the first guide on neurological diagnostics. The fact is amazing, since nerve fibers and cells were open at the same time, and the first centuries and the theory of the structure of the nervous tissue - at the very end of the XIX century. With the opening of X-rays in 1895, radiographs of the spinal column and skull were available. A new period of development of science has come.

It is believed that the Russian school of neuropathology founded A. Kozhevnikov, who opened the first clinic of neuroses in Russia in 1869. S. Korsakov founded the direction on a separate study of each neurological pathology. Its nosological principle is recognized worldwide.

A huge contribution to the development of neurology, V. Rot, who allocated in a separate group of children and defended the need for sanatorium-resort treatment for them. G. Rossolimo laid the foundation of modern defectology, opened the first children's neurological hospital.

In the XXI century, methods of diagnosis and treatment of nerve diseases are improved. Vascular violations, demyelinization of nerve fibers, neuroinfection, epilepsy, neuritis and neurosis are considered a priority.

A. Ya. Kozhevnikov (March 5, 1836 - January 10, 1902) - founder of the Russian school of neuropathology.

Responsibilities of neurologist

The main responsibilities of the neurologist are:

Treatment and observation of patients (outpatient and stationary).
Diagnosis and surveys (ultrasound, USDG, angiography).
Emergency and planning medical care to patients, including in resuscitation.
Appointment add. Surveys (electrolyte balance, PH - prothrombin index, EhCG).
Conducting closerization, professional.
Work in the Commission on issuing permits for weapons and managing motor vehicles.
Issuance of hospitals, directions for ITU and other references.

Also, neurologist functions involve maintaining patients with cerebral palsy, speech disorders, sclerosis, insomnia correction, rehabilitation after strokes.

Requirements for neurologist

The basic requirements for a neurologist look like this:

Higher medical education, a valid certificate for "neurology".
PC knowledge and ability to work by electronic outpatient cards.
Knowledge of medical drugs.
The skills of manual therapy, osteopathy are desirable.

The task of children's experts is to identify the diseases of the nervous system in the early stages.

How to become a neurologist

To become a neurologist (neuropathologist), you need:

Finish the university in the specialty "Therapeutic case" or "Pediatrics".
Get along with a diploma accreditation sheet by passing test tasks, exam and passing an interview with a special commission consisting of doctors of science and professors. This will give the right to work independently on an outpatient or polyclinic reception.
The year is obligatory to work in a clinic or outpatientation, and then, enter the residency (2 years) in the specialty "Neurology".

During the work of the doctors, qualifying points are charged, confirming accreditation: for carrying out complex manipulations, participation in scientific and practical conferences and seminars, for the publication of scientific articles, books, protection of the dissertation. Every 5 years, these points are summed up and evaluated by the accreditation commission. If a sufficient number of points are scored, then the next five years you can work in the specialty further. In the absence of a sufficient number of points, the doctor is deprived of the right to treat. .

The growth of professionalism, the level of knowledge and polisherness of the doctor is usually reflected qualification category. All categories are assigned by the qualifying committee in the presence of the doctor himself, on the basis of his written research work containing the description of skills and knowledge.

Dates of assignment:

more than 3 years of experience - the second category;
more than 7 years - the first;
more than 10 years - the highest.

The doctor has the right to not qualify, but for career growth it will be minus.

The scientific activity is also promoted by career and professional growth - writing of candidate and doctoral dissertations, publications in medical journals, speeches at conferences and congresses.

Salary of neurologist

Income scatter is great: neurologists earn from 12,000 to 150,000 rubles per month. Osteopathichaws are especially high, their income exceeds 200,000 rubles per month. Most doctors in the Moscow, Leningrad, Sverdlovsk region are in demand.

We found the minimum salary in Nizhny Novgorod - 12,000 rubles per month, and the maximum in Moscow - 150,000 rubles per month. At the same time, premiums are often added to the salary.

The average salary of the neurologist is 36,000 rubles per month.

Where to study

In addition to higher education in the market there are a number of short-term training lasting, as a rule, from week to year.

The Interregional Academy of Additional Vocational Education (MADPO) teaches on specialization "" and issues a diploma and certificate.

Medical University of Innovation and Development invites you to take distance courses of retraining or advanced training in the direction "" with a diploma or certificate of the state sample. Training lasts from 16 to 2,700 hours, depending on the program and your level of preparation.

Patients are important to know what a neurologist treats. Having understood in this matter, you can contact a specialist in time and warn the exacerbation of the situation. In neurologist services, not only adults need, but also children. So that during the reception did not arise "surprises", it is important to figure out how the doctor is inspected.

Neurologist - What is this doctor?

This doctor diagnoses and treats a huge set of pathologies. All of them are associated with the activities of the nervous system. The specialization of the children's doctor is slightly different from the adult. Doctor neurologist treats such diseases:

alzheimer's disease;
insomnia in its various manifestation;
stroke;
strong headaches;
sciatica;
pain lumbago;
myopathy;
polio;
tunnel syndrome;
hyperactivity;
violation of cerebral circulation;
willis Disease;
neuropathy.

To the fact that neurologist treats, you can add tuberculous meningitis, encephalitis and meningitis. In fact, these infectious diseases are the specialization of the infectiousnessist. However, after these diseases, there may be serious consequences affecting the work of the head and spinal cord. All this is reflected in the coordination of movement, speech and memory. The elimination of such consequences is engaged in this specialist.

What is neurology?

This is a very capacious science. Neurology is a discipline that studies the relationship between the patient's well-being and the state of its nervous system. Here are the following treatment methods:

drug - suggest medicines;
non-changing (acupuncture, diet, reflexotherapy, phytotherapy);
physical (magnetotherapy, mineimulation, laser and therapy);
surgical.

Neurologist and neuropathologist - What is the difference?

In our country there are no differences between these terms. Recently, a specialist engaged in these pathologies was called a neuropathologist. However, a list of tasks assigned to such a doctor was revised. At the same time, the name of the specialization has changed. In Europe, a neurologist and a neuropathologist are two different names. The duties of the first includes the treatment of pathologies related to violation in the work of the nervous system. In addition, this doctor helps to cope with sleep impairment. The neuropathologist specializes in the pathologies of the vessels and the brain. In fact, their duties differ.

How is the reception at the neurologist?

At the first visit, the doctor carefully listens to the patient's complaints. This will allow to collect anamnesis of the disease. The council of the neurologist also implies a tactile and visual inspection. During the reception, the specialist will check the main reflexes. For testing some of them, special tools can be used. To evaluate individual reflexes and muscle status, the doctor may ask the patient to take partially clothing.

How is the inspection of the neurologist?

The patient is important to know what will happen in the doctor's office to prepare. The reception of the neurologist involves conducting such manipulations:

With the help of a special hammer, the doctor will check the condition of the eye nerve. The patient needs to trace the tool without turning the head.
Check out some reflexes, the doctor will be able to farther. In this case, you will need to mold the forehead, say "a" or show a language.
To check the sensitivity of the face, the doctor uses a needle. During such a procedure, the neurologist is interested in the patient, what he feels feelings.
To conclude a condition about the state of muscles and reflexes, the doctor will ask the patient to bend a hand in the elbow. According to the results of the seen, the doctor puts the estimate from 1 to 5.
To determine the state of the spinal nerves and pain points, drawing on the skin of the back.
To check deep leg and hand reflexes, the doctor will knock the hammer on the tendons.
Motion coordination is tested by romberg.

Neurologist diagnoses

To properly assign treatment, the doctor will recommend the patient to complete the full examination. Thanks to such a procedure, the doctor may unmistakably diagnose. Tool and laboratory research can be used. More often, the diagnosis of neurologist is established after such research procedures:

electroencephalography;
x-ray;
electroneuromiography;
dopplerography;
laboratory tests.

When should I contact a neurologist?

There are symptoms pointing to the fact that the patient needs medical care. That's when to contact a neurologist:

if convulsive seizures manifest;
in cases where memory failures are observed;
when sleeping;
if in the eyes two or the image is perceived distorted;
when the coordination of movement is broken;
with strong headaches;
if one muscles are tense, while others (symmetrically located) are relaxed;
with paralyams.

To strengthen the cardiovascular system and prevent the occurrence of ICC, osteochondrosis and other neurological pathologies, moderate physical exertion is important. Especially efficiently swimming. During such exercises, the nervous system is relaxing and the pain pohes. In addition, the load on the spine, joints and muscle corset decrease in water. Disappears the stress accumulated per day.

Those who do not have the opportunity to visit the pool, the neurologist can advise to perform special exercises for joints and backs on the Pilates system. They are based on breast breathing, helps pull and stabilize the state of the spine. All exercises must be performed exclusively under the control of an experienced specialist, since an incorrectly designed load can bring more harm than good.

Tips for children's neurologist are directed mainly to normalization of sleep. Adults should be sleeping at least 8 hours a day. For children, it is necessary to increase to 9-10 hours (it all depends on the age of the baby). If the sleep is impaired, well-being, the brain activity and the work of all organs and systems are deteriorating. This is especially dangerous in childhood. Because of such a disorder, kids can fall behind in growth and development. Another important is at least 2 hours a day to stay in the fresh air.

It is necessary to revise your diet, enriching the menu useful healthy food.
It should be put in order and your lifestyle. This implies a refusal of bad habits, such as smoking, alcohol abuse and so on.
When alarming symptoms are detected, you need to immediately contact the doctor. Knowing that a children's neurologist (or a specialist for adult patients) treats, without waiting for the situation to be aggravated, proceed to therapy in a timely manner.