How to make an angle of 90 degrees for walls. We make a straight angle between the walls. Why need to align the corner of the wall

Each car owner should deal with the theory of internal combustion engine. So, she tells us that in the process of combustion of the fuel-air mixture there is a large amount of gases that produce pressure on the piston with its own strength. As a result, useful work is carried out. The ignition system in this case plays the role of an important element that is needed in order to set a mixture at a certain point. As a result, the combustion process starts. Therefore, this system is very important in the overall structure of the car, since it depends on it the level of harmful substances in the exhaust gases, the power of the motor and the economy of fuel. For this reason, each driver should know what kind of adjustment of the ignition advance angle, and be able to do so, as the stable operation of this system will provide more years of the life of the entire car.

The moment of ignition is usually determined by the position of the crankshaft in accordance with its position relative to the NTC. As for the designation, this is a degree to the NTC. From this and it follows that this angle is called the ignition advance angle. If the magnitude of the ignition is shifted from the VTT, the angle is increasing, that is, the ignition becomes early. If he, on the contrary, shifts to the VTC, then the angle, respectively, decreases, and the ignition is considered to be late.

In engine engines (injector), the system is capable of self-setting the ignition advance angle and its calculation. It depends on the engine operation at one point or another. In this case, the described indicator is determined on the basis of a three-dimensional function and data such as the load on the engine, the mode of its operation and the speed of rotation of the crankshaft. As a result, the motor control system selects the most appropriate ignition advance angle.

The fact that the ignition advance angle is effective, depends on the set of factors:

The speed of rotation of the crankshaft: the greater the number of revolutions it performs, the sooner the ignition of the fuel and air mixture is necessary in order to reach the peak of the maximum pressure level in the desired point.
Temperature: What it is below for the engine and the mixture, that respectively, will be lower and the oxidation reaction, as a result of which the angle should be earlier and vice versa.
Engine load: how it is more, the higher level in the cyclical filling of the cylinder, as a result - the need for a smaller angle of ignition in order to prevent detonation (unpredictable explosion in the engine).

Perhaps no one will surprise that this indicator is the most important in the overall engine operation. Therefore, the ignition advance control process is undoubtedly what every car owner should be understood. If he, of course, appreciates his car.

Signs of incorrect adjustment

Proper adjustment of the ignition advance will not only improve the overall dynamics of the car, but also be able to significantly save fuel. Therefore, when identifying the very first symptoms in violation of ignition, I recommend first of all to diagnose the entire ignition system, and then its adjustment, if necessary.

For the cause of concern regarding the operation of the analyzed system, such signs may be:

Loss of power level;
Loss of the level of pickup;
Carrying out an unstable idling car;
A certain failure, if you press the gas pedal, as well as the appearance of the knocking of the fingers;
Problems when trying to start the engine;
The impossibility of the car to develop the turnover of the maximum level;
Increased fuel consumption;
The emergence of shots in a carburetor or silencer;
Overheating of the motor;
Motor detonation after stopping it.

All this will help to find out what the ignition advance angle was installed, and it is incorrect. But similar features can also be observed when faulty or incorrectly adjusted valve mechanisms and carburetor. Therefore, it should be easily parted in detail.

Adjusting with your own hands

Adjust the settings of the described system each driver can independently. To install the ignition advance angle will need such tools:

Stroboscope. Moreover, it is not necessary for some kind of "tricky", it is possible that the simplest, not having a built-in tachometer, is inexpensive. The more advanced, which is characterized by the presence of a built-in tachometer, is worth it, respectively, more expensive.
Tachometer. In this case, you can use the instruments built into the shield, as well as connect the external devices (for example, a multimeter or autotestter in a tachometer mode) and navigate the sound signals. The latter is recommended only if there are considerable experience in such a matter.
Rozhki or precipitant key. Alternatively, a M-shared key or head with a ratchet can perform. But the optimal size is about 10.
Split screwdriver.

So, answering the question of how to set the ignition advance angle, it should be noted the importance of preparatory work. So, I advise first:

Heat the engine to a mark about 90 o, that is, up to the optimal operating temperature, and set idle speed at the minimum level (it is about 800 per minute). To implement the last action, you need to rotate the screw that is responsible for the amount of fuel mixture and located on the carburetor.
It is possible to set this minimum number of revolutions or using a tachometer - it's more convenient. If they correspond to the norm, then this action is not necessary.
Remove from the fitting, which is located on the housing of the vacuum regulator of the ignition advance, which is on the trembler, a tube of silicone.
Check if there is a vacuum in it, putting a finger to her hole. Nothing should be anything. If it is not so, the turnover should be gradually reduced to the moment until the vacuum disappears. To do this, you need to rotate the previously mentioned screw.
Drop the engine and using the binding of a node or a small bolt to get rid of the hole in the tube.
With the help of a slot screwdriver, turn the flywheel (before that, carefully disappear the chain of the traver by weakening the key fastening nuts), as a result of which the long transverse installation mark should be visible.
Connect a stroboscope depending on the instructions for it.

To set the value of the ignition advance angle approximate to the ideal, I recommend to be guided by the following instruction:

Start the engine, at the same time make sure the tachometer is once again that turnover are minimal.
A flashing beam from a stroboscope to send to the hatching with a scale.
As a result, the selected label, which is placed on the flywheel, should be opposite the necessary division on the scale.
Each division on the scale is the corresponding degree of ignition advance.
To adjust the ignition advance, rotates the housing of the traver.
After the required value was achieved, the strobe is disconnected, and the rubber secure securely.

For a better understanding of the above actions, I recommend to familiarize yourself with such concepts as ignition advance regulators, as well as its sensor, coupling, and ignition advance harmon variator.

So, there are two regulators: centrifugal and vacuum. The centrifugal ignition advance controller is intended to change this indicator at an automatic level, and it depends on the number of revolutions produced by the crankshaft. The vacuum ignition advance controller is used for the same purpose, but only its activity depends on the speed of the motor.

The ignition advance angle readings can also be changed by changing the crankshaft position sensor data. And it will be able to help this device as the ignition timing variator. The use of the ignition advance angle variator is due to the fact that the gas burning rate is lower than gasoline .

The main feature of the ignition timing variators is that they are able to configure with computer programs and change this indicator with an accuracy of 1 degrees. Also, this device does not need a mandatory connection to the pedal and allows you to create a chart of overclocking the machine. Therefore, the variator of the ignition advance angle is the desired mechanism that, in addition, can be used as a generator.

The ignition timing sensor is also an important mechanism. In the car they are numbered two (from above and on the right side), and in the fact of their absence, the engine is not able to start elementary.

And the last mechanism, but not the last need - the ignition protrusion coupling, the principle of which is usually mechanical. I need this Ignition Guide Coupling in order to ensure the best dynamics of the motor, as well as in high revs, felt fuel ignition. As a result - the engine operation is more powerful and drag.

Check Settings

To check which ignition advance angle was exposed and whether it is right, you need to be guided by such signs:

No "failures" in the work of the heated engine should not be felt when it is idling.
A brief detonation (about 3-5 seconds) must be present if the gas is sharply on the gas pedal, while the movement should occur at the maximum level of the road at the fact of the fourth transmission and speed of about 50 km / h. In other words - the knock should be heard. If this is not observed, it was installed too late ignition, if it is, but can not go anywhere, then early. You can correct the situation with small rotations of the traver in different directions, after which the check must be made again until the optimal results are obtained.

The moment of ignition is undoubtedly an important phenomenon from the overall picture of the car. Jokes and irresponsible attitude with this can lead to emergency breakdown of the entire iron unit. So tirelessly follow this process.

Video "How to properly adjust the ignition advance angle"

The record shows the method of adjusting the ignition angle by the spark method.

What is ignition? In most cases, the answer is one sentence - "This is a timely feed through a candle - a spark that flammifies the fuel and air mixture." It's simple, there is a cylinder volume, in which the compressed mixture is 8-15 times set down, thereby there is an explosionThe gases are expanding and pushed the piston - the engine operation occurs.
As you understand the process of ignition is not minimal. That is, the mixture is lit gradually. The mixture is flammable from above and gradually covered the entire volume. There are many factors that affect the operation of the engine and its efficiency and the power as a whole. For example, if the mixture does not have time to burn during, that is, the piston has already passed down - then the burning mixture will go to the exhaust system burning there, and the piston will not supplement the energy. Fuel consumption increases.

Swing

A good explanation for understanding what timely ignition is an example of children's swings. You must imagine the already swinging swing - performing the role of the piston. The hand of the pushing person, one can say this process of smelting of the mixture.
The rolling process is simple. During the achievement of critical points, pushing applies strength. If he does it during, the swing swing as much as much as possible until how much the forces "grabs".
If the pushing starts to push before the critical point of the rise, then first it will slow down the system (goes to the meeting), the participant on the swing will feel a sharp braking and the whole system as a whole will collapse faster over time. One will select the hand, and the second with broken loops of the swing will fly to any of the sides. Process can be compared with detonation.
Another case when pushing applies strength after passing the critical point. Firstly, it is less efficient, and system reduce its power up to a certain point. It is less dangerous for everyone, but the efficiency drops strongly.

Specific

You might think that the most optimal is to light the mixture specifically when you reach the top of the dead point. It does not really need to be time to prepare process. The pushing swing should put a hand and only to pass energy at the right moment. Also, the gases of the mixture are expanding and begin to give energy only after a while when the source of the flame starts up to the required state. In each mode of operation, there is a start of ignition, your angle. Management timely ignition in Honda Civic It is engaged in an ECU brain, but to conduct a countdown from what you need to set the basic ignition or the basic ignition advance angle.

Ignition angle for Honda Civic

Ignition timing angle in most D motors 12 degreesIt is also recommended not to go beyond 10 and 14 degrees (14,12,10 - a contractive running 3 tags on the pulley). Why is the "object" discussed by the corner? Complete engine operation is 4 tact. Filling, compression, work, gases. Piston down, piston up, piston down, piston up. The connecting rod piston mechanism is associated with crankshaft and pulley. Thus, for 1 turnover of the crankshaft (pulley), lowered and raising the piston. Complete work is performed for 2 crankshaft turns. The pulley is round, and if it is divided into 360 degree sectors, it becomes clear that for 0 the top dead point is adopted - the label, the fourth separate label running after the 3rd indicating the base angle of the ignition to the ignition.

Honda Civic Ignition Ignition Practice

What would correctly set the ignition, you need to have a stroboscope. Price approximately $ 20. In essence, it is a flashlight that shows when the ignition occurred. Needed 3 wired stroboscope. One wire is + battery, the other on - the battery. The third wire is usually the clothespin or "hook" with the sensor cling to the first (right) high-voltage ignition wire. Attention! We need a stroboscope with meals from the battery and for gasoline engines, in no case is the ignition coil. Verified models for Russia is "Jet-sensor" and "Orion St-01".
First you should weaken key on 12. Bolts on the ignition distributor, so that it would be possible to rotate in both directions, but that the distributor does not move away from the GBC. The car must be a free and idle should be aligned to 750-800 RPM revolutions. Turn off the ignition. Connect + and - stroboscope to battery. A slit-sensor "dies" on the base of the high-voltage wire of the first (right) cylinder) closer to the ignition candle. Turn on the service error reading mode. It is also recommended to find on the crankshaft pulley. in a row going 3 tags, Clean them and the average of them to mark with white paint or stationery magazine correct. Turn the ignition and run the motor, lights check Engine. The engine must be maximum unloaded. Turn on the neutral, turn off the air conditioning, music, lighting.
If you did everything correctly, you will see a flashing stroboscope light bulb. Direct it through the "target" on the pulley of the crankshaft. White label should be clearly visible under flashes. Your task is to combine the target and the central label (12 degrees). The rotation of the ignition distributor (on the engine running) corresponds to turning on the crankshaft if the label needs to "move" to the right - twist the ignition distributor to the right. When the VNG label is set, tighten the ignition distributor bolts, turn off the strobe and turn off checkengine service mode.

A little earlier, a little later

Turning the distributor clockwise (right) - the base ignition angle decreases and delays, Ignition seeks to NTC (14-12-10 ... degrees.). This is later ignitionYou must set if the mixture is poor.
Turning the distributor counterclockwise (left) - the basic ignition angle decreases and ahead, Ignition seeks from VTT (10-12-14 ... degrees.) This is an earlier ignition, It is necessary to set if the mixture is rich.
More high-octane fuel needs an earlier ignition, because high-octane fuel is on longer.

TOTAL:

It is extremely necessary to exhibit the Women, do not listen to anyone that "the uz is set to the computer". Yes, partly it is true. But the computer either takes or adds corners. When run, you need 12 degrees, it is a plant angle on Honda D series engines. With knowledge of the case, the angle can be set for different fuel, it particularly helps with bad fuel. Incorrectly exposed Woz is a frequent cause of poor launch, high fuel consumption and of course power loss. In rare cases as a catalyst for reducing the engine resource.
Be sure to expose the Woz after the engine is bulkhead or at any work with the distributor. Snarked - not fashionable.
If you start tuning the engine, and found the firmware that is suitable for your spec, be sure to find out the base angle at which the ignition map was built.

P.S. Experience with D16Z6.

My most admissive experience is of course my car, by chance or specifically I experienced mechanics and electrics on it. The car is surprisingly durable, which I am glad. In general, when I installed VTEC GBC D16Z6, I learned that the GBC is a special ignition distributor TD-42U. TD42U is different from his fellow who became universal and put on most engines, I'm talking about TD-80U, TD-72U and TD. The difference between TD-42U and others, in which the legs of the mounting, are 3, are not located under 120 degrees, and have a little non-symmetrical location. Therefore, only one distributor is suitable for the GBC D16Z6. My was in a very bad state of rotten and torn wires, and in my opinion not yet rich experience I decided that the distributors are the same and only you need to change the back plate.

Why did I decide that they are the same? Judge for yourself: the coil, the switch, the slider, the lids are the same. Perhaps TD-42U, TD-41U, TD-40U is one distributor with different revisions and a difference in the fastening plate. Install another problematic and not a hairdry shui. But it was my mistake.

Very quickly, I found the TD-41U distributor from D15B7. I revealed both spanking the wires on the sensors, I installed ... but the uzov did not put it. Of course the car started, I achieved results in the firmware. But they were not impressive, there were no bottoms at all. And then I remembered my Machination with the distributor. And then I was revealed, my yazo is neither 12, nor 14 ... and the limits of 20-25 degrees. Turning the distributor to the end to the end approximately 16. Further the distributor did not turn. In the firmware, I simply added at least 4 degrees, and the car began to play a new one.
The problem is physically remained. The distributor axis where the slider is put on has a different angle. Therefore, this difference has adversely played performance. Therefore, if you are going to collect from a few one, be careful. Expand the ignition on the strobeboard, save on the fuel and start with the winter from the first time!

Find out something new

This article is relevant for Honda car release 1992-2000, such as Civic EJ9, Civic EK3, Civic EK2, Civic EK4 (partially). Information will be relevant for Honda Integra owners in DB6, DC1 bodies, with ZC, D15B, D16A motors.

Each car owner sometime begins to comprehend the basics of the device and repair its transport. If you have not yet had to regulate the ignition advance, then it's all the time to learn about it, and the problem can be found in fulfillment.

Internal combustion engine and ignition timing

Before focused on the corners of the ignition, it should be understood with the principle of work of the entire system. It's no secret that the moment of ignition is played in the work of the internal combustion engines. It occurs before the piston reaches the upper point during the compression tact. The consequence of such a mini explosion is the expansion of gases, as a result, the piston continues its movement and is carried out by the workforce.

Despite the fact that all these processes occur very quickly, they still take some time. And since the crankshaft also rotates with a huge speed, therefore, the piston has time to go through some way from the moment the mixture is ignited before the gases expansion. So, if the ignition is strictly during the location of the piston in the VMT, then the burning will occur at the beginning of the working stroke and will also end a little later. This will all reduce the pressure of gases.

But when the ignition of the combustible mixture occurs, on the contrary, very early, the pressure of gases will reach its maximum even before the piston is in the extreme upper position. This means that there will be some opposition to its movement. A similar negative way is reflected at work and the state of the engine. Therefore, adjust the moment of ignition is very important.

Before we touch the ignition advance angle (UAZ), we will deal with what it is and what is its influence on the state of the car. The optimal is the situation when the combustible mixture flashes and completely burns before the piston reaches the NMT position. It is customary to determine this moment on the position of the crankshaft, and the designations are carried out in degrees. In other words, we are talking about the corner between the crankshaft and the top dead point. If the shift occurs in the direction of the NTT, then such an angle is called late, in the opposite direction, respectively, early.

It should be noted that the value of the Changer depends on the rotation frequency of the crankshaft. What it is higher, the earlier you need to set the ignition advance angle. If this characteristic is incorrect, the engine power decreases, overheating and the unit will fail to fail, which will entail large material costs. The fuel consumption will also increase, the number of harmful substances in exhaust gases will increase. So you harm not only your car and material situation, but also the environment.

Changing the Wozhanin Engine

Start work is necessary with the preparation of the tool. We will need a wrench and a check light. Do not do without a special key that you can scroll the crankshaft. After all, it is essentially its position and determines the value of the Woz. You can purchase a special ignition advance angle corrector that can set this characteristic automatically.

We put the car for neutral speed and tighten the parking brake. Then you need to remove the cover from the interrupter. So you can easily get to the crankshaft, which is turned on with a special key until the distributor runner turns out to be in the sector of the first cylinder of the traver. Be sure to follow the positions of the labels on the side of the front cover and the pulley, they must coincide.

Now, to properly install the ignition advance, you must connect the control lamp. One of its conclusions is connected to the ignition coil, and the second to the mass of the motor. Slightly weakening the fastening of the traver and turn the key in the ignition. Cleash the slider against the stroke and turn the rubber in the opposite direction of the movement of its roller until the control lamp goes out. For reliability, turn on a very little bit of a rubber and very carefully return it in the opposite direction. It is necessary to fix the moment of ignition of the lighting device. In this position you need to set and secure the body with bolts. It remains to return to your place the lid.

To maximize the adjustment angle adjustment, the vacuum regulator is introduced. Such a device automatically changes UAZ depending on the load. If the engine runs at idling, then the vacuum controller turns the disc dish towards the late ignition. As soon as the load increases, there is a vacuum. Then the vacuum controller rotates the disc drive in the opposite direction. So it will be disconnected, because the outpacing corner cannot create. At this point in the course there is a centrifugal regulator. Now only he sets the advance angle.

The fact of the vacuum allows you to fix the sensitive diaphragm, which is equipped with a vacuum regulator. On the one hand, our atmosphere acts on it, and on the other - the pressure from the carburetor. So it turns out that when the throttle is closed, the fired air from the system does not fall on this diaphragm and the vacuum regulator performs its mission. As soon as a rarefied atmosphere came to her, it is strung out and the device ceases to act, returning everything into its place.

Do I need to adjust the yaz - check on the go

It is often a situation where the factory settings are knocked up or simply not completely suitable for specific operating conditions. In all cases, you will have to set the audience yourself. True, you first need to make sure that this operation is necessary, and therefore we will understand how to check the value of the ignition advance angle. To do this, we accelerate on a flat section of up to 40 km / h, then sharply press the gas and listen to your car. If the noise characteristic of detonation appears, which will stop after the machine drops the speed of 60 km / h, then everything is in order and the angle is performed perfectly.

If detonation does not stop, then the ignition is "early". But when the moment of ignition of the combustible mixture is somewhat dedicated, then detonation will end earlier than the car will turn away up to 60 km / h. To change the ignition advance angle, we open the hood, weaken a slightly fastening of the distributor of the distributor and change the position of the traver. In the first case, the adjustment implies a shift to several millimeters clockwise, and for later ignition - in the opposite direction.

Installation of correct uz on the injector and diesel

With an injection engine, everything is also extremely simple. In this case, the ignition should be included and look at the instrument panel. If a light indicating a malfunction on it, then we take a laptop with a special program, connect it to an on-board computer and carry out diagnostics.

At the next stage, a throttle device is subjected to a thorough visual inspection. It is also recommended to check the on-board network voltage and the sensor that regulates the position of the throttle. They must comply with the standards. So, the optimal for the sensor is the voltage in the range of 0.45-0.55 V, and for the network - 12 V. The damper opens by only 1%. Sharply press the gas pedal. The discovery of the flap must exceed 90%, and the sensor voltage will decrease to 0.45 V. Otherwise, it is necessary to urgently adjust the ignition advance angle.

Conduct all work in the toxconducting rubber mittens, as most elements are under voltage.

The installation of the angle begins with the fact that we disconnect the vacuum hose from the engine. Then, to the advantage of the battery, connect the positive clamp of the strobe. The ignition adjustment is carried out by switching the "mass" clamp, connect it to the minus terminal and pull out the wire from the cylindrical jack on the distributor lid. Insert the stroboscope sensor into the freed place, simultaneously connecting it to the wire of the first cylinder of the power unit. Next, we run the motor and direct the ray from the strobe to a special hatch. A label will appear on the flywheel, its location between divisions is optimal. If this is not the case, then put an angle, slowly release the nuts for fastening the flywheel distributor.

The adjustment of the ignition advance angle on the dieselle also does not represent complexity. But it is not worth underestimating this operation, since the diesel engine can only work with full combustion of fuel. With the incorrectly exhibited ignition angle, this will not work. The main difference of this system is the lack of candles. Basically, all actions are such as for. Only in this case it is necessary to remove the decompression mechanism, the motorcycle and the neck of the neck, through which the oil is poured. Be sure to check the level of fuel supply. To do this, we translate the corresponding lever to the least position, we install the moment and slowly scroll the crankshaft.

How to put a yaz in a car with HBO or trust this task variator

Recently, a lot of fans appear at gas equipment (HBO). And thanks to efficiency, because such fuel is much cheaper than gasoline or diesel fuel. It should be noted that the gas consumption is somewhat higher, and the cargo of the fuel and air mixture lasts longer and occurs at the issue stage. You can adjust these parameters, you can only adjust the ignition advance angle value, and how it is done if the machine is equipped with HBO, we will look at.

An embezzlement is easy, while the fuel will be burned before the exhaust valve opens, and therefore the parts of the car will not be susceptible to negative thermal influence, and the engine efficiency will increase. The characteristic for gasoline engines and HBO is somewhat different. True, there is an opinion that in modern cars equipped with an on-board computer, such adjustment is carried out automatically. However, this is not quite true. Indeed, in injection systems, the uz is set in accordance with detonation, and for HBO, this phenomenon is unusual.

The owners of the car with gas equipment have an assistant - a variator. This item directly on the go can change the uzow without your participation. But this is not the basic equipment of the car, and the variator should be bought. Actually, gas equipment is also put on the initiative of the owner, not the factory. Today, there are different variators of the ignition advance angle for HBO. This device is connected to the sensor responsible for the position of the crankshaft (DPKV) and adjusts its readings for the desired value. Moreover, depending on the model of the variator, the displacement is carried out either on a fixed value or depends on the engine revolutions. This device is activated when the HBO is turned on.

Consider one of the schemes for connecting the CSS adjustment variator on HBO. To begin with, select the most convenient place where this element will be located. Perfect for attachment of the variator the far left corner of the boost space not far from the gearbox. Now remove the cover from the device and we are directly connected in accordance with the attached instruction.

One output is responsible for supplying the voltage to the sensor to which we attach the variator. The second we attach to the leg of the gas valve in HBO. But the mass should be connected to the DPKV cable screen. Then we clean the sensor wires and connect the corresponding conclusions of the variator to each of them. Now it remains for the small to-install the device and enjoy the operation of the vehicle. Experts argue that the presence of a variator in HBO saves fuel almost 25%. Most likely, the figure is overestimated by marketers, but there is really a benefit.

Work on the construction of the base for the house begins with the preparation of a site that includes cleaning and aligning the surface. The prepared area must have a smooth horizontal surface. If possible, you should get rid of the slope, and then proceed to the markup of the future supporting structure.

To implement the intended need to designate its external contour and find a straight angle. Properly performed work will give the opportunity to build a strong base that ensures the sustainability of the future building.

Binding

Before proceeding to the digging of trenches or pit, drilling wells or digging holes under the bar base, it is necessary to determine which located in the courtyard, the object or structure will be the starting point for the markup. This procedure is the binding of the support structure of the future at home. In most cases, the fence becomes the fence in parallel to which the walls of the building will be erected, but it is possible to bind to a tree or even a concrete column from which the straight angle of construction is placed. Such a binding will provide the correct markup, the absolute horizontality of the base and stability of the structure.

The selected constant point is the so-called zero of height. The construction of a foundation for the construction of a rectangular shape begins with the construction of a straight angle with a level or a construction kit. However, many builders are more trusted by the Egyptian triangle, the parties of which are equal to 4, 5 and 3 units. If the parties are in 3 and 4 karti units in length, then the side of 5 units in length is hypotenuse.

Accordingly, a straight angle is formed between the categories. The top of the corner becomes the place where the first peg for the upcoming markup will be driving. Make an Egyptian triangle with your own hands. It will take 12 meters of a durable, inelastic cord, which needs to make marks, measuring 3 and 4 meters respectively.

On one side spent parallel to the fence or other structure of the line, fix the end of the cord. The 3 meter mark is attached at the point of intersection of the lines forming the angle. A part of the cord is fastened on the adjacent side, on which 4 meters are located. The point of attachment of the second end of the rope can be determined by combing the ends of the cord so that the triangle is turned out. In this case, an angle will be directly formed at the intersection of lines of markup.

Placing the foundation of a complex geometric shape, it must be previously divided into several rectangles, and only after that perform marking using the Egyptian triangle.

Diagonal Fundament

Another way to do is to use the Pythagora theorem. Knowing the length and width of the future building and defining the place in which the first corner of the foundation will be located, you can drive the peg in this place. Staying in the desired direction of the cord, mark the base line under one of the walls. Perpendicular to the resulting line stretch the cord, the length of which is equal to the length of the second side of the foundation. It is possible to check for the presence of a straight angle using the formula, according to which, knowing the length of the cathets, calculate the length of the hypotenuse.

So calculate the first diagonal. If the reference design has a form of a rectangle, all actions must be repeated, taking the end of the cord over the top angle, with which the length or width of the base is noted. After receiving two diagonals, you can make sure that all measurements and work are carried out correctly. How accurately the calculations are made and measurements are made, you can check with a laser level. This device will create the desired design, without errors.

On any plots, regardless of the presence of the slope, the quality of the soil and other features, the most accurate way to make the foundation, ensuring the stability of the building, is the creation of a direct angle using the Pythagores theorem. The remaining tools and methods are considered auxiliary.

You should not calm down, making sure that the length of all diagonals is the same, because they are equal to the trapezoids. This means that checking direct angles is simply necessary.

Check video how to check the correctness of the diagonals.

How to find the third and fourth corners

The marking of the direct angle of the belt foundation is characterized by the need to make measurements and perform all the work and for internal, and for external foundation, using the Golden Egyptian triangle. If the construction has a rectangle shape, then with a correct markup, it is easy to find the intersection point of two diagonals, and make sure that the diagonals of the internal and external foundation completely coincide.

Watch the video how to find all the corners of the foundation.

The marking of the belt type of supporting structure requires the construction of at least 8 straight corners, and for the monolithic support structure is sufficient four. Find the third and fourth is quite simple if there are first two. It will take to build something like a circulation, consolidating in the tops of the first and second corners two cords. The value of the first is equal to the length of the diagonal, and the second is the adjacent side. Staying diagonal cords, chickens.

Then make the same with the help of shorter cords. The intersection will be located the third and fourth corners.

The need to establish an ignition advance angle on modern cars occurs extremely rarely. The use of microprocessor systems allows you to get rid of the adjustment of the moment of sparking. Most often, the installation of the angle is necessary when replacing the timing belt, the distributor (if any), the control unit, and the installation of the gas-blasting equipment system. But in order to carry out the right setting, you need to know the main components of the system, the varieties of them, as well as the adjustment and adjustment algorithm.

Contact ignition system

This type of system is morally outdated and at the moment is not applied in the automotive industry. But in order to understand the principle of operation, it is necessary to consider it. It has the following elements:

Spark plug with eccentric shaft.
Breaker - a small switch with two contacts (hence the name of the system).
High voltage coil. If it is simpler, then this is an increase in transformer. It carries out the voltage conversion of 12 V to 20-30 square meters.
For the transfer of high voltage, the armorberry is used (from the coil to the distributor and from the latter to the candles in the cylinders).
Spark plug.

When the interrupter contacts are closed, a pulse is formed, which is fed to the coil. The latter carries out the transformation and gives a high voltage to the distributor, which takes timely transmission to the electrodes of candles. The traver drive is carried out from the camshaft or oil pump (for example, in the VAZ cars of the classic series). Before setting the ignition advance angle with a similar system, it is necessary to conduct a thorough inspection.

Contact transistor

It has one advantage - there are no big currents on contacts, which saves the entire system from the formation of Nagara. Consequently, when using such a system, the need for cleaning is disappeared. As a simple contact, it does not apply at the moment, is only a transitional link to the BSZ. Reliability is slightly higher due to the fact that the spark gap is not formed when working.

But there are also disadvantages that are impossible to hide. When working, there is still an erasing of the contacts, the gap is needed, and sometimes a complete replacement. Friction is the main enemy of this ignition system. Its setting and adjustment is performed in the same way as similar operations with the ignition contact system.

Contactless ignition system

The difference from the previous ones is high reliability. First, there are no interrupter contacts that commute the chain under a fairly large current. Secondly, there is no need to adjust certain parameters. For example, in previous designs you always need to follow the gap between the contacts, otherwise the engine will not work normally. Instead of the contact group, the Hall sensor is installed in the BSZ. He reacts to the passage near its core of the metal plate. The adjustment of the ignition advance angle is reduced to the setting of the timing belt by labels and insignificant adjustment by turning the dispenser's housing.

The ignition distributor has an iron "skirt", which rotates near the sensor. In it - four slots (by the number of cylinders). When the metal passes near the core of the sensor, a pulse appears, but it is not enough to excite the primary chain of the coil. Therefore, between these two devices, an electronic switch is turned on. It is able to enhance the signal coming from the sensor to the minimum required level. Unlike the previous system, this should use a coil with other parameters. The output voltage should be about 30-35 square meters. In some models, the secondary voltage is used to 40 square meters.

Microprocessor control

This is the most advanced system, it is now used everywhere. The advantage of it is that the controller collects all the parameters characterizing the operation of the engine. After that, a diagram is drawn up, describing the operation of all systems, depending on the speed, load, the rotational speed of the crankshaft, the quality of fuel. Everything is taken into account, and the need for a mechanical ignition distributor disappears. Installing the ignition advance angle is made fully programmatic method.

All functions that performed in previous rubber systems fall on the shoulders of the microprocessor. It monitors the position of the crankshaft and distribution shafts, and therefore pistons in the cylinders. Based on this data, low voltage is distributed on the ignition coil (in modern cars there is one coil to each candle). During operation, an angle is adjusted due to the established air flow sensors, oxygen (main and secondary), the position of the throttle of the throttle, etc.

Contact system adjustment

A good example can serve automobiles that have been produced until the mid-90s in our country. These are famous models of VAZ 2106, 2107, 2105 and their varieties. In them, the distributor drive is carried out from the oil pump. How to set the ignition advance an actions?

Set the crankshaft by label on the cylinder block. There are three there, in the process of setting up for food, gasoline AI-92 it is necessary to set a pointer on the pulley opposite the average tag.
Loosen the mounting of the distributor and remove the cover from it.
Install the track runner opposite the contact corresponding to the first cylinder.
Conduct the installation of the distributor and its covers.
Turn the engine, if necessary, adjust the angle by rotating the traver around its axis.

Please note that the hearing adjustment is extremely dangerous, can ultimately lead to the destruction of the piston group. Therefore, it is desirable to use a stroboscope or a motortorester (if any).

Adjusting BSZ and microcontroller

Her work affects the drive of the timing. Of course, for the normal functioning of the ignition system in the vehicles of the classic series, the gas distribution is also important, but there is a drive chain there. And its reliability is higher, the likelihood that it will push on 1-2 teeth, extremely small. With a rubber belt, everything is a bit sadder. With a weak tension, it can slip, shift into several teeth, which is why the valves work will be broken. Therefore, the adjustment of the ignition advance angle should be carried out after you make sure that the labels of the gas distribution mechanism are set correctly.

The belt is necessary for moving from the crankshaft of one or two camshafts (depending on whether the 8- or 16-valve engine is installed in the car). Be that as it may, we need all these three mechanisms to set strictly by tags on the cylinder block. It is worth noting that a more accurate installation can be carried out only if they are not focused on the label of the crankshaft pulley, but on those that are applied on the surface of the flywheel. You can see them through a special viewing window in the clutch block.

Basic ignition system malfunctions

In all types of systems, high-voltage coils may fail. But if it will fall out in the contact and BSZ in full failure of the motor, the microcontroller will continue to work. True, with interruptions, since the failure of all coils is almost impossible. As a result, there will be 2 or 3 cylinders. It depends on what kind of ignition type is used - with the use of a module (in which 1 coil on 2 candles) or a circuit in which one coil is installed on each candle. The Ignition Angle Angle The VAZ is regulated, for example, using the program code embedded in the control unit.

The BSZ often happens the failure of the switch. As a result of such a phenomenon, the whole system simply ceases to function. Sometimes the electronic switch begins to just work incorrectly due to the failure of a passive element. In this case, it is possible that the engine will begin to gain momentum, its atmotability deteriorates. In contact systems, the main reason for all breakdowns is a breaker. Over time, the contact surfaces are erased or covered with a layer of soot. It can only help clean the clearance adjustment or a complete element replacement.

Do I need an adjustment of the ignition angle when moving to gas?

The octane number of gasoline used in modern cars does not exceed the value of 98. Gas, depending on which chemical composition he has an octane number of more than 102. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the angle of ahead to normalize the work. For these purposes, special devices are applied. They are called octane-proofreaders. Allow without reworking the ignition system to hold or delay the breakdown of the spark. Often, for this purpose, an ignition advance angle variator for HBO is used.

Apply such devices on cars with microprocessor control will not work, and there is no need. But in the contact and bsz, you can use such devices to manually adjust the car's interior. Do it only have every time you change the type of fuel. If the HBO 4th generation is used, the adjustment is performed by programmatically - the equipment control unit is automatically adapted. First, the opening time of gasoline nozzles is read, then the obtained values \u200b\u200bare multiplied by the coefficient and are recorded in the fuel card for gas.

Installing angle with strobe

You will need one device - stroboscope. It allows you to set the ignition advance angle, an injector or carburetor based on the fuel system. The device is a lamp connected to the control circuit. There are three wires from this instrument:

Common (car weight).
Power (connected to the plus output of the battery).
The signal is connected to it. The capacitive sensor is connected, and if it is simpler, then this is a small piece of the copper plate installed on the "crocodile" type clamp.

To configure, you must connect the power to the device. Installing the ignition advance angle occurs using a pulse coming from the signal wire. It is attached to the armor truck going to the first cylinder candle.

The principle of operation of the device is such that at the time of passing on the high voltage wire in the capacitive plate, a small charge is formed, which will open a thyristor for a fraction of a second and power supply to the lamp. To control it is necessary on the flywheel or pulley of the crankshaft clearly designate the label so that it can be well distinguished. At the time of the passage of this label near the arrow on the cylinder block, the lamp will flash in the strobe.

Adjustment with MotorTesther

The newest developments in the field of diagnostic equipment make it possible to conduct such simple procedures quickly enough. But most importantly - the accuracy of the setting is always high. Of course, much depends on the qualification of a person conducting all the work. As in the case of adjustment using a strobe, in this embodiment, you must connect the signal wire to the first candle.

With the help of software, you can get graphics on the personal computer screen, characterizing the operation of each motor cylinder. Depending on how the ignition advance angle you need, spend appropriate adjustments. When connecting to the computer, the main parameters are displayed on the display - the rotational speed of the crankshaft, air flow, fuel. You can also track all the errors that are present during the engine operation. And if the gas analyzer sensor can be placed in the exhaust system, then you can analyze the operation of the fuel system at all, determine the amount of harmful substances in the exhaust gases.