Tandar from the ceramic pipe with their own hands. How to build a brick tandoor? How Tandara works works

The construction of a tandora from the brick has recently attracts more and more people. How to make tandoor with your hands from brick today and tell.

Although at first glance, it is a simple job, but this is not the case. If you take a classic version, it is difficult to do it. But for beginners there are modern methods, on this can be practiced.

Device and principle of operation

To decide how to make a tando from a brick, first of all it is necessary to understand the principle of system operation. After all, not knowing this is nothing to get to work. Tandar is a kind of clay vessel designed for the preparation of various dishes.

At the bottom of the vessel, it was pondered, to provide thrust, and at the top there is a hole intended for laying fuel and installing prepared dishes.
To increase the efficiency of such a stove, the clay vessel is placed brick, and a material that is capable of storing heat is covered between the brick and clay base of the stove. It can be sand, salt, clay, etc.
The heat released in the process of combustion of fuel is accumulated, while the walls of the tandoor are warmed up to a temperature of 250ºС-400ºС, and the temperature conditions in the tandora are stored for 3-4 hours.
Throughout this period, in the furnace you can bake bread, cook or fry. The design of the furnace allows you to select the accumulated heat not outward, but inside the stove, due to which such high efficiency is achieved.
Heat in Tandara is spread evenly throughout the volume, thanks to which the meat is evenly relocated, the pilaf is obtained unique, and the bread is amazingly fragrant.

Method of making clay tandora

Real masters enjoy classical ancient technology, which is that the tandyer is slammed, and not build. The clay of Ahangar origin is taken as the basis, having high thermal insulation characteristics.

For the furnace could withstand high temperatures and cracks did not appear on the clay design, the clay is added camel or sheep wool. The manufacture of a tandoor of a brick is a modern and more accessible option.

Attention: to make such a furnace with your own hands, it is quite difficult, since the exact composition of the clay solution is not known. Therefore, the composition will be an important point of manufacture.

Technology may have such operations:

Clay (kaolin) is stirred with wool (the size of the fibers can be in the range of 10-15 mm). The finished mixture should be viscous and, according to the consistency, remind a thick sour cream.
After that, the clay mixture, during the week, dries up and comes to its condition. Throughout the entire period of drying, the mixture is constantly stirred so that a homogeneous mass is obtained. If during this period, moisture will appear on the surface of the solution, it is immediately necessary to merge. In the finished mixture there must be a minimum of moisture, and according to the consistency, the mixture should resemble a dense homogeneous plasticine, from which various figures can be sculpted.
From such a plastic material, you can begin to sculpt the tandoor. Works start at the bottom, around the circumference with a constant raising up. Tandar has standard dimensions: height - 1-1.5 meters, the main diameter is 1m, the diameter of the neck is 0.5-0.6 meters.
At the initial stage of modeling at the bottom of the vessel, leave the hole for pushed. The wall thickness of such a vessel lies within 5 cm.
After the completion of the Tandara formation process, and it will really resemble a clay vessel, a diameter of 1m, having a narrowing and neck, with a diameter of 0.5 m, the finished design is left to dry in the shade for 1 month.
After the foundation of the tandyard dry and there will be no cracks on it, it is installed in the right place and look with mamot bricks. As the masonry rises to the mouth of the furnace, the space between the masonry and the clay design is embanked by sand, clay or salt and thoroughly tram. At the same time, it is necessary to control the efforts to not disrupt the masonry. A traditional clay solution can be applied as a solution, with the addition of quartz sand and plasticizer.
Then, the resulting design is failed with cotton oil. Naturally, such an operation is carried out from the inside of Tandara.
In conclusion, the most responsible operation is carried out, which can last for 24 hours. During this time, clay acquires the properties of ceramics, while the firing temperature rises slowly so that the oven does not crack.

To learn more about this stove in more detail, and also find out that in fact she is a tandyard, you can watch the video in this article.

Simplified tandoor design with barrel at the heart

Some craftsmen trying to make tandoor with their own hands point to the fact that it should have a certain experience for its manufacture. As a result of such efforts, it is impossible to get a perfectly flat design throughout the circumference: there is space, there is crooked.

As a result, a new approach was formed and a new technology for manufacturing such a stove was developed. This technology is based on the principle of obtaining a similar design in the process of forming the foundation of the tandyard, using a wooden barrel.

To do this, need:

Kaolin (clay).
Chamotted sand with grains up to 0.5 mm.
Camel or sheep wool.
Wooden barrel.
Vegetable oil.

The works are as follows:

Barrel is taken and poured with water so that the tree is swollen, after which the water merges and the barrel gives some time so that it dries a bit.
During this time, a clay solution is prepared in combination: 1 part of sand, 1 part of clay and 0.5 parts of wool, after which they leave for a few days before obtaining the desired consistency and homogeneity.
Before the beginning of the formation of the tandora, the inner surface of the barrel is lubricated with sunflower oil and is left for 12 hours for impregnation.
After that, begin to apply a clay solution on the inner walls of a wooden barrel. The layer thickness may be within 4-5 cm. In the bottom of the construction, a small hole is left for pondered. The neck is formed in the upper part of the required size.
After the end of the modeling process, the finished design together with the barrel is placed in the shadow for drying. This process can last from 3 weeks or more.
After drying, and together with the clay design, it dries and wooden, which at the end of the drying will go back from the clay, the wooden barrel disassembled. For this, metal hoops are removed from the barrels.
The liberated tandoor is installed on a thick sandy pillow, after which it is embarrassed. To begin with, a small fire is divorced in Tandara and it is supported for 6 hours, after which the tandor is covered with a lid and adding fuel, the temperature is adjusted to the maximum.
After that, they produce a slow cooling process that can last up to 6 hours. We can safely say that the Asian stove is ready if the cracks are not detected on its surface.

Caution: In order for Tandan to become a real tandoome, it should be laid with brick and insulate with clay or sand to increase energy efficiency.

Modern version of Tandara

Making a classic Asian tandoor from clay requires not only skill, but also patience. Get the first time with a design that will not fall apart before it is finally established by passing all technological processes, it is very difficult and, most likely, that it will be like good luck. Tandoor from the brick how to make now consider in detail. His price will not be big and therefore it is worth trying to do.

First, we make a draft tandyard from a brick. There may be a tandan of brick horizontal and vertical.

Attention: the horizontal tandoor from the brick will do a little more complicated from the vertical option. Here it is just the mounting of the brick will need to be written until complete drying.

In order not to risk once again, you can make a stove, by type of tandora, but from refractory brick. Despite the fact that the appearance of such a stove will be somewhat different, but it will perform their functions.

To make a tandoor from a brick, you need to have the following materials:

Brick for tandyard will need chamotte
Also need a clay solution for masonry.
Chammed clay (kaolin).
Cement, sand, reinforcement, crushed stone.
Wooden pattern.

Attention: the dimensions of the tandoor of the brick in this option you choose yourself. It all depends on the terrain and your desire.

Work on the manufacture of Ala Tandan furnace suggests the following steps:

Step number 1. Construction of foundation

To begin with, you should find a suitable place, after which the pit of a suitable diameter is digging.

Usually, the diameter of the pit, a little more diameter of the future stove.
At the bottom of the pits, sand for a pillow, a thickness of 10 cm. The reinforcement is stacked on top of the pillow and is poured with concrete solution.

Attention: at the same time, you need to control so that the surface is horizontal. To do this, you can use the construction level.

Step number 2. Stove brick wall display

In a circle, a diameter of 1 meter, the walls of the future furnace are laid out.

At the same time, the brick is installed on the end, and with the help of a wooden template, form the correct circle.
The masonry is performed using a furnace mortar based on chamotte clay, quartz sand and plasticizer.
At the bottom of the brick design should be left the opening for pushed. To do this, you can use a metal sweeping door.
For a furnace, a height of 1-1.2m is enough to lay out four rows of bricks put on the end vertically.
From the last row of bricks, it is necessary to form the throat of the tandoor, for which bricks are laid at a certain angle.

ATTENTION: Perhaps they will have to be cut through the grinder, otherwise it will be difficult to form the neck. A bias is made inside a brick design.

Step number 3. Clain and finishing

On the inside, the design is cooked with a layer of clay, a thickness of about 5 cm, and from the outer part, the design is separated by natural stone.

Step number 4. Firing Furnace

The firing technology of the furnace is the same as when the classical tandyard is firing. First, the design should be easy to succeed in no big fire. And about three times. After that, you can already use the tandoor for its intended purpose and are not afraid of anything.

How to build a tandoor from bricks you now know. Immediately I want to say that the design of clay in the manufacture will be less laborious.

Only here it is necessary to choose the right composition. Tandoor from the brick is easier to do, but it will not be quite a classic. Therefore, look at the photo and select your option.

Tandyrer - a stove-roaster for cooking in the shape of a bowl, dome or a jug in Asian nations. It is distributed very widely from the Balkan countries to China and Latin America. This is explained by the fact that a simple tandoor device is expanded by centuries and worked out by many generations.

Turn

Modern tandyard

In modern performance, the stove is made of kaolin clay (inner layer) and bricks (facing). The gap between them is filled with salt, clay or clay. At the bottom of the design, the hole is left - pushed. The accumulated ash is removed through it.

Tandara Device

Furniture work principle:

Firewoods of hardwood wood up to 1 / 5-1 / 4 of the furnace are loaded. Conifer use is not recommended due to high resinness.
After the fuel burnout (usually an hour and a half), the inner surface of the tandoore is cleaned from soot and a car on its own and becomes bright.
You can start cooking. The skewers are descended vertically and fixed in the mouth of the furnace, pellets and other products from the dough are flashed directly on the clay surface. Pilaf in Kazan is located on the neck of the structure. Tandar is covered with a lid.
After 15-40 min, dishes are ready. For baking removal, a bucket or hook is used.

The shape of the tandoor in the form of a rounded cavity with a narrowed throat provides heat accumulation from the combustion of firewood, and the thick layer of chamotte clay or brick supports the temperature for a very long time. Conditions are created for the fastest preparation of food from radiation of glowing coal and heated walls. Food in the furnace is evenly embarrassed, while remaining juicy. The heat obtained in the tandera allows you to prepare several portions of products for one heating. Often, roasaries are placed in the ground, so warmly holds very long. A small amount of wood or other fuel is consumed. In Central Asia, poor forest reserves, cotton, barb camel, saksaul are used.

Classic brazier stoves have a rounded shape, but there are rectangular and square tands.

Uzbek

Tandir - This is the name of the traditional oven in Uzbekistan. Uzbek cakes are baked - Uzbek pellets - tandyrene, puff pastry with meat - sams, and vegetables and meat are prepared.

Device of Uzbek Tandara

The classic Uzbek tandoor was built from high-quality chammed clay with the addition of cutting sheep or camel wool and sand, and was imaginary installed on the stone hearth. At first, the inner shape of a thickness of 40-50 mm was harvested and dried in the sun 2-3 weeks. Then the outside was covered with conventional gray or white clay for additional thermal insulation.

When firing wool fused, the smallest pores were formed into the clay layer. This attached additional thermal protection properties of the furnace.

Sometimes the tandoor was further faced with chamoten bricks. A small deserted shrub's ohanki was enough for the preparation of cobwebs and boiling a cummy water.

The lack of Uzbek Tandara is that the clay design to perform a person without pottery skills is quite difficult. You can use the finished shape selling in stores.

Uzbek tandyard

Armenian

In Armenia, the furnace is called tonir. In addition to cooking in ancient times, it was used to heat the dwelling, in therapeutic and ritual purposes. Often one tandoor for several houses was installed on the village of Slah. Men were not allowed to baking bread, and women, bending to the oven, bowed to the sun. The Armenian people spend each year the Tonira - Tonraton festival.

Armenian clay is not so plastic as Uzbek. It is difficult to get a rounded capacity of a large diameter. Therefore, the tandoor was made from chamotte brick.

Put the furnace in the form of a cylinder with a diameter of 1 m is quite possible independently according to the scheme:

Drop the pitual depth of 30-40 cm under the foundation.
Pour with liquid clay mortar.
After the mixture is frozen (after 12-14 days), laying out the first row of bricks on the clay solution, leaving the hole for pondered.
Perform the following rows of masonry to the required height, shifting bricks to each other for dressing.
To deceive outside the clay with a solution, filling the gaps between bricks.
If it is supposed to prepare baking, after 2-3 weeks to spend a lining with a clay solution of the inner surface of the furnace.
Discontinue from the outside at will tile, natural stone.

It remains to hold a preliminary firing. And the Armenian Tandan is ready!

Armenian tonir

The disadvantage of the Armenian tandyard is the lower heat capacity compared to Uzbek. This is explained by a simplified form of construction, because From clay to cut out a narrowed vessel is much more convenient than putting out of the brick. Part of the heat is lost, but on the taste of finished dishes it is not reflected.

The advantage of tonira is that it has a large area of \u200b\u200bthe inner surface. It is convenient for baking cakes and bread.

By installation type

Earthman

Pit-oven - a stone or brick "bag" in the ground. Machine is carried out through the top hole. Through it, preparation products are loaded. The thrust is maintained into the ground at an angle of 45 °.

Build an earthen tandyard in two ways:

Drop the pit with a depth of 1.25 m, lay out the bottom and walls with chamoten brick, leaving the hole for the air pipe. The bottom insert it into this opening, and the top is to take to the surface of the Earth. Equip the damper. Treat from the inside a pitted furnace with a clay solution. After drying, burn.
In advance, duck up the boiler place the finished clay shape. Fall asleep sinuses. The exhaust device is similar to the first way.

Around the hole of the stove-pit to lay the tile, close the lid.

Tandan in the land

Earth Tandar - ancient furnace

Earth furnaces are well accumulated warm. They were used in antiquity for heating dwellings. The disadvantages include the fact that they cannot be built at a high level of groundwater, because The design is impregnated with moisture. In such a tandanda to prepare anything impossible.

Terrestrial (stationary)

With all the variety of forms and structures, the roar, one can allocate the general characteristic properties of land tandoors:

The "body" of the furnace is located above the surface of the Earth vertically or horizontally.
The heat source is inside the brazier.
The thrust occurs through the hole-pissed at the bottom of the structure.
Loading fuel and products is carried out through the top hole of the tandoor in the case of its vertical location or lateral - with a horizontal layout of the structure.
Preparation of food begins after full extension of firewood and soot on the inner surface of the furnace. She should become bright.

Drinking with meat dishes Juice and fat are assembled into a special bloom, placed under meat. Before baking the cakes, their surface is wetted with water for better adhesion of products to the walls of the furnace.

Advanced rectangular tandoor

Portable (Mobile)

As an alternative to capital stationary furnaces, light portable tandars made of refractory chamotte clay are used in the form of a jug or barrel. Equipped with carrying handles and two-level lids.

Usually complement fittings for cooking: skewers, hooks, lattices and nozzles. In portable stoves you can cook several dishes at once.

The walls of the vessel are thick enough - up to 70 mm and durable. But for greater reliability, they are enhanced with steel stripes.

For large companies or for cafes, portable ovens are produced. In such roaring only 15 minutes, 8 kg of meat can be opened.

Clay portable tandars need to be protected from moisture during storage, because Clay - hygroscopic material. Therefore, usually when selling such furnaces are equipped with covers.

Mobile tandyar

By type fuel

Gas

Gas braziers are used in cafes, restaurants and bakeries, where there is a built-in and officially decorated provision of "blue" fuel. It is possible to install Tandara and on home kitchen, but with mandatory exhaust air.

A clay pot is placed inside the metal housing. Voids are filled with thermal insulating material for long heat conservation.

Move from burned white clay. Manufacturers are sometimes injected into raw sheep wool to achieve greater similarity with the right "natural" tands.

Gas stoves Tandars are easy to use, economical, do not distinguish harmful substances. But the dishes are missing that the smell of the haze, for which asian eats like that.

Gas tandar

Gas burner for tandora

Electric dance

Sources of heat in such stoves - Teni, located inside the perimeter. Electrical appliances are convenient and compact, they can be used in urban apartments. They do not require firewood, do not emit smoke and soot.

Electric dancer

The design of electric roasting is very diverse, with an emphasized oriental style. The housing is made of metal with a ceramic coating from the inside.

Ease of use is accompanied by a small disadvantage - dishes in taste quality are inferior to those prepared in the present tandyra.

Modern electric staineds are equipped with minicomputers to track the cooking process, temperature and humidity control. There are models where you can use natural firewood along with electricity.

Wood and coal

Brazier on the corner or firewood is most close to their progenitor - the classic tandoor. They are a thick-walled refractory clay pot with a lid, richly decorated with oriental oriental patterns. In the lower part there is a hole for the inflow of air and the excavation of ash.

Wood tandyard

The tandoor is equipped with metal handles for carrying, sometimes embedded legs for reliable installation on Earth.

Firewood or coals are loaded into the furnace. After complete exercise, proceed to cooking. The kit often includes skewers, hooks, blades for ash. Additionally, you can buy shelves, fish grilles, cast iron. Only charcoal or firewood from hardwood trees is used as fuel.

Gradation sizes

Capital structures can be small, but usually a diameter of about 1 m, and the height is 1-1.2 m. These are optimal dimensions that allow you to use the fierce most effectively.

Portable Tandorary stoves are conventionally divided into 4 types:

small weighing up to 50 kg,
average 50 ... 79 kg,
large 80 ... 100 kg,
very large from 100 kg and higher.

Knowing why a tando is needed, you can choose to choose:

for family use;
to go to nature;
for a big company;
for business.

To prepare a small amount of food, you need to purchase a small stove. There is even a desktop version. For simultaneous cooking multiple dishes, you should choose more furnace.

In bulk tands, you can download a lot of firewood. It will give more heat and the ability to prepare an impressive amount of dishes.

Little braziers free from coal after their exercise before starting cooking. Big do not need such cleaning.

Conclusion

Tandar is a unique oven for simplicity and efficiency capable of cooking a lot of food with a minimal amount of fuel. Dishes have an appetizing smell and unique taste. You can build a facility with your own hands or purchase in the store. Modern braziers offered by various manufacturers will satisfy the demands of the most demanding buyers.

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Tandar is one of the most ancient types of furnaces, which is popular until now. What such a tandyer knows residents of Central Asia, Transcaucasia, Mongolia and even Japan. The furnace has a bunny shape, and the dishes in it are obtained by juicy, fragrant and appetizing views. In addition, pellets, meat or vegetables are prepared without oils and fats, which is especially useful for health. In the tando-oven it is easy to prepare stunningly delicious cakes, kebabs, sams, bird, bake potatoes, vegetables or fish.

The oven tandoor can be the most different shape, but most often, is a ceramic "barrel" with a round opening upstairs or in the side wall. Unlike traditional Russian ovens, a small amount of firewood or a bunch of saksaul is required for cooking.

Note: Food is preparing not using an open fire, but due to the temperature from the heated walls.

The cooking time due to the closed space is significantly reduced.

The furnace is arranged below the floor level right in the ground or installed on a solid platform. The construction is a half asphalt to 1 cubic meters. In the side wall or on top there is a discharge of up to 70 cm. Make a traditional Uzbek tandoor with their own hands is quite problematic due to complex technology. It is much easier to purchase a portable model or build a roar of bricks.

Traditional Uzbek Tandar

When using a brazier is melted with firewood, charcoal or a twig. Then the walls from the inside rubbed from the gary, and stick to them with pellets. Remove the finished products with hooks with long handles or special blades. Loading fuel, products and excavation of ash performed through the same hole.

Portable tandoras

Products are made of high-quality kaolin (chammed clay) with a wall thickness of 3 to 7 cm. This material is characterized by a high heat resistance, heat capacity and heat transfer. Due to this, the cooking time is reduced, and the fuel is required quite a bit. The furnaces in shape resemble a barrel with two-level lids and carrying handles on the sides. For greater structural strength, ovens are tightened with vertical and horizontal steel stripes.

Such a tandoor has additional accessories:

Grilles, grill grid, nitens;
Grasp and hooks;
Shampuritsa;
Bird nozzles;
Devices for simultaneous cooking multiple dishes.

The lid is a device for vertical fastening of skewers. In the lower part, it was pondered for the terrestrial of the roar and extraction of ash. There are professional models, for example, Sarmat Tandan are great for cafes, restaurants and large companies. In such a brazier, you can prepare up to 8 kg of meat in just 10 minutes.

Portable models must be stored in a dry place, since the clay absorbs moisture well and can crack the wall at negative temperatures. It is best to store a stove under a canopy, a cover, film or in a dry closed room.

Electric tandoor externally similar to kitchen stoves. Under the front of the furnace is a tan, which heats the air inside. The quality of the dish is significantly inferior even cooked in the homemade tandoor of the brick. The problem of electrical models is that the Ten is overpowered by air, and meat, fish and bird are not so juicy and fragrant.

The main advantage of the electric stance is the possibility of using in urban apartments where there is no possibility to trammed with charcoal or firewood. In addition, the design of the products makes them rather an elegant gift than a full-fledged culinary machinery.

How to make a tando

Portable tandoor is easiest to buy in the store, and a stationary oven can be made with their own hands. This will require drawings, and a wooden template that will significantly simplify the task. Make a tandoor with your own hands the easiest most from a special refractory brick, which will be required from 350 to 1500 pcs. The binding is prepared from chammed clay, water and cook salt. You can use the finished masonry stove.

The height of the masonry is 3 bricks, after which the design is deceived by kaolin clay and leave drying over 1-3 weeks. To do this, it is flipped with a small amount of firewood for several hours. After complete drying, the furnace performs firing products to increase strength. The shape of the furnace can be spherical, oval, jug-like and even in the form of a straight pipe. The tandoor from the brick can only be used after the full of clay drying.

Advantages of homemade tandara:

Dishes are prepared very quickly;
Low fuel consumption;
Tandar can be done with her own hands;
It is not necessary to constantly monitor the cooking process;
Large variety of dishes
You can cook in Tandara in any weather.

Video: Tandora

The tandoor from the brick, made with their own hands is good because some defects can be corrected over time. For example, additionally deceive the clay of the seams and cracks. In this tandand, this will not work.

Machine pain

Tandora Mix Technology depends on the time of year. In hot weather, all firewood can be laid at once. In winter, it should be cleaned gradually - first, small sinters for warming the walls, then firewood. Best for tandyra fits the wood of birch, acacia, plane and oak, since they are distinguished by a high heat transfer coefficient during burning. The wood of fruit trees is not recommended to be used due to the selected smell, and conifer breed is rich in resin.

Note: In Tandara, in no case cannot be used by stone coal, as it contains coke gases harmful to health.

Pellets and charcoal give a large amount of heat, so their quantity should be small. Firewood when bookmarking should take no more than half the volume of the furnace firebox, otherwise most of the heat will be spent on air heating, and not the walls of the tandoor. The average molding time of the furnace is about 1 hour. The readiness of the Tandara to use is easy to determine easily - after burning the firewood, the walls from the walls flies, and they become clean.

As a bake of cakes in Tandara

Safety technique

Tandar is not recommended to be put out in closed rooms, next to trees and flammable materials. In stationary models, the height of the fire during crossing can reach 1 meter, so at this moment it is better to stay at a safe distance. Water should not fall on the hot surface, otherwise non-tested cracks may appear from a large temperature difference.

Children should not be approached to the slaughtered furnace, since the temperature inside can reach 300-400 ° C, which leads to a strong heating of the outer surfaces. In order to avoid burns, you should use heat-resistant gloves, patches and mittens. Before removing a portable stove-tandoor for storage, you need to wait for its complete cooling.

The most important characteristic of the product is the ability to securely and for a long time to hold heat. Models with slots for skewers in the lid do not have tightness, so the taste of dishes is much worse. When choosing a brazer, you should pay attention to design, practicality, external qualities, manufacturer's warranty. If the tandon is planned to be frequent, then its weight should be taken into account, which mainly depends on the wall thickness.

Pleasant bonus - the presence of additional accessories in the form of lattices, skewers, blades and other devices. It is best to acquire the glazed models, as they are much more practical than analogs of simple white clay. Spots of fat and soot with a porous surface remove almost impossible. In addition, the glazed tands have a more attractive appearance. High-quality brazier is not only a real find for gourmet, but also a wonderful gift that spikes in the landscape design of the country area.

The tradition of dacha rest lovers has long come true cooking on hot coals. For the preparation of coal dishes, a variety of designs are used, the most popular of which are brazing, barbecue and grill. In addition, today the device is increasingly popular for European views and understanding the device - the Central Asian oven called "Tandar".

The peoples of Central Asia (especially residents of Uzbekistan) are preparing many dishes in Tanda. The taste of food cooked in Tandara, unforgettable. That is why many Russians want to build a tandon at their own hands.

Tandara Device

Before designing and building this design, it is necessary to carefully examine the tandoor device. With your own hands without experience and understanding how this furnace works, it will be very difficult to build it.

Tandar is a hollow clay jug, tapering up. In the center of the top of this device there is a large hole where coal and dishes are placed, which will prepare there. At the bottom, it was pondered with a special damper that provides cravings. The clay base of Tandara is often placed brick, to improve thermal insulation. Between brick and clay, materials accumulating heat: salt, sand or clay.

Principle of operation of the traditional Uzbek Tandara

When combustion of coal, the walls of the tandoore are spoiled to a temperature from 250 ° C to 400 ° C. The high temperature in such a furnace can be maintained up to 6 hours, thanks to good thermal insulation properties of clay. All the time, while the furnace retains high temperature, you can cook any food. Food is preparing at the expense of heat transfer inside the tandora. Due to the smooth temperature, inside the dish is prepared evenly and very high quality.

Only after studying this information, you can go to find a response to the question of how to build a tandoor with your own hands in a country house.

Classification of Tandara species

In the form of tandyrs are:

horizontal;
vertical.

Also divided by applications:

Methods of facilities

In accordance with the traditional Central Asian technology, Tandan do not build with their own hands, and Ahangaranian origin from the kaolin clay. Ahangaran is a small town in Uzbekistan, which since ancient times was famous for its soil. In order to protect the oven from the appearance of cracks from the inside under the action of high temperature, it is necessary to add a small number of camel or sheep wool to kaolin clay. To make the classic Uzbek tandoor from clay with their own hands, you need to have patience and sufficient skill. The fact is that the exact composition of clay Eastern Wizard modeling is not disclosed, so when erecting such an unusual furnace, you will have to experiment and do a lot to the eye.

Approximate building technology

As mentioned earlier, each master has his own secret of the construction of Tandara, who remains secret and is transferred only to family members. That is why the question of how to make a tandor do it yourself, does not have an accurate answer. But approximate furnace modeling technology looks like this:

Kaolin clay is mixed with wool, sliced \u200b\u200bwith thin fibers with a length of 10-15 mm. The mixture of clay and wool should be viscous, similar to sour cream.
The mixture made in order to build a knot-tandoor with your own hands, should be a week in a dark place. It is done in order for the clay composition evenly back. All week you need to follow the mixture. If water accumulates from above, it is better to drain it, and the composition is mixed without water. But at the same time, it is necessary to take into account the fact that the smaller the water in the mixture, the greater the likelihood that the tandar will soon cover the cracks.
A week after settling the mixture, it is possible to begin to sculpt from the resulting clay plasticine small sheets thick from 5 to 15 cm. Of these, a tandoor is formed. The classic dimensions of such a furnace have long been known: the height is 1-1.5 m, the diameter to the narrowed part is 1 m, the hole diameter is 50-60 cm.
Slept product must be left to dry at least a few weeks.
After complete drying, you need to put the clay walls with bricks. The kaolin clay will be a solution for mounting bricks. Between the walls of the tandoor and the layer of bricks you need to pour sand, clay or salt.
From the inside the device for the preparation of delicious dishes is needed thoroughly to deceive with cotton oil.
After that, you can start firing Tandara. The firing temperature rises gradually and very slowly. The entire firing process can last up to two days. Such a slow flow of the process is due to the fact that under the rapid clay firing, cracks may appear on it.

Simplified way to build tandara

Many of those who are already able to build a tandoor do it yourself, admit that without experience and skills to build it very difficult. As a result, it turns out uneven, and during the firing begins to crack. That is why the craftsmen created a simplified version of such a wonderful furnace. It is called simplified because it is formed around a wooden barrel, which allows you to preserve the smooth form.

To build a simplified tandoor with your own hands, whose drawings can be found if desired (they are free), the following materials will be needed: kaolin, chammed sand, wool, wooden barrel with metal hoops and vegetable oil.

The barrel should be filled with water and leave it for a few days so that the tree is soaked and swollen. Next, the clay should be mixed with sand and wool in the following proportion: per 1 unit of clay 2 sand units and 0.05 wool. Mixtures need to give to settle for several days. After that, water is drained from the barrel, and a thick layer of vegetable oil is applied to its inner surface.

After the clay mixture is relieved, it can be applied to the inside of the barrel with a thick layer (5-7 cm). When the barrel is completely covered with clay, you need to leave the tandoor in a dry place in the shade so that it is a miss, for up to one month. In the process of drying, wooden rivets will begin to move away from the barrel. When they get completely completely, you can remove metal hoops and release the finished tandoor from the barrel.

Installation of the furnace is carried out on a thick layer of sand. After this procedure, you need to spend another - firing. For this inside the tandora, weak fire is divorced, which should burn for about 6 hours. After this time, the oven is covered with a lid and include strong fire. That's all, you can boast of friends that you made a simplified tandoor with your own hands. They will certainly be glad to try dishes cooked in your new miracle stove!

Making a tandoor of brick with your own hands

As mentioned above, the Central Asian oven, made by newcomers, will crack and lose its original shape. It is for this that everyone has this unique thing is offered an easier way to build a tandoor with their own bricks.

For this, the following materials will be required:

chimney for brickwork;
kaolin clay;
sand, concrete and reinforcement grid for the construction of the foundation;
frame template made of wood.

To build the foundation of a brick tandora, you need to dig a round pit with a diameter of a little more than the future product. At the bottom of the pit, a pillow of a thickness of 10-20 cm is prepared. A metal grid of wire and reinforcement is stacked on a sandy pillow. Next there is a concrete. It is necessary to ensure that the layer of concrete is smooth and horizontal. After the fill of the concrete, you need to wait a week so that it grabbed with the surface and gained strength.

A week later, you can start the styling of the brick, which is made in a circle of predetermined the diameter of Tandara. Typically, the tandoore diameter is 1 m. Bricks are installed on the end, the circumference of the future tandyard is formed on the basis of a wooden frame-template. Further laying of bricks is carried out with a solution prepared on the basis of a refractory mixture (it consists of quartz sand, kaoid clay and plasticizers). This solution has a high level of refractory, and it is plastic and does not crack when firing. At the bottom of the tandora, you need to leave the hole for pushed. As a confused, you can use a conventional chimney.

After laying a brick tandar, you need to deceive the 5-centimeter layer of kaoid clay from the inner and the outside. To make an aesthetic-like furnace, you can externally detect it with multi-colored stones.

After that, the brick tandyard is conducted. To do this, inside you need to ignore the fire and gradually add the temperature to 400 ° C.

From plastic barrel

To build this type of Tandara, the plastic barrel of the usual form will be required. As in the case of construction of a wooden barrel-based product, a plastic vessel should be filled with water so that the barrel increases in size. Then the outer side is applied, the chamotte solution is also clumsy. It is recommended to carry out the operation of the traam and smoke the operation until a clear tandyard contour is formed. Next, you need to see the creation of several weeks. When the drying process is completed, the water merges from the bar, and the barrel itself is removed from the clay shape.

Jam (Earthy) Tander-oven

Above the different technologies and options with which you can build a tandoor with your own hands. Another very interesting type of Uzbek furnace is considered the so-called jammy, or an earthen tandoor, which is constructed in dugged specifically for this.

TECHNOLOGY TREATMENT:

First you need to dig a hole in the ground and to carry out a pipe for which the air needed to maintain fire will come to the tandoor himself.
On the bottom of the pit stacked one row of bricks whose seams are covered with kaoid clay. After that, the potted pipe at an angle of 45 ° is put in the kittle. The pipe should be installed so that its lower edge is 5 cm from brickwork.
Walls are constructed from brickwork. The brick must be laid so that the internal diameter of the tandoor is 50 cm, and its depth is at least three rows of brickwork. Seams formed during brick masonry should also be covered with kaoid clay.
The top row of brick masonry should be deceived by a clay layer. The clay composition is recommended to be applied using a reinforced grid.
Next, the Dome of the Tandara, which in the thickness must be at least 2 cm in thickness. This is taken by a pelvis. For the structural strength, it is necessary to reinforce the grid. After that, you need to deceive clay and let go well. When the clay dried, the dome is removed and put on the pit.
Seams formed when connecting the dome and bricks are embarrassed by kaoid clay.
Now you need to make a pipe hatch to overlap the air during the furnace furnace. At the end of the dome, it is necessary to fall asleep a mixture of clay and cement mortar.

Following this technology will make it possible to build an earthen tandyard with your own hands. Photo of such a product you can see in the article. Before the construction, it is necessary to carefully study what an earthy Uzbek furnace looks like.

Dishes that can be cooked

After the manufacture of Tandara is successfully completed with their own hands, you can think about dishes that are preparing in Tandara. In terrestrial types of furnace, Uzbek pellets and mutton pies and potatoes called "Samsa" are mainly manufactured.

Traditional Uzbek dishes are manufactured in jam tands, such as:

tandara-Gusht (lamb meat, languishing in the underground tandoore of about three days);
chicken fillet;
kebabs;
some varieties of Uzbek Plov;
leg of lamb;
tandar Kebab;
sausages in Tandara;
bujenin in Tandara;
classic lyuly kebab.

In addition, after the construction of Tandara, fans of culinary delights are provided with space for the manifestation of fantasy. It is worth only to remember that in such a furnace you can prepare absolutely all vegetables and types of meat, as well as some products from the dough. And large pieces of meat can be successfully prepared only in such an adaptation. It all depends only on how much the man preparing in this wonderful Uzbek furnace, which appeared in deep antiquity and is still used.

Additional devices required for cooking

To prepare some kinds of dishes in Tandara, some devices may need. For example:

suspension round shape with crochet to maintain meat;
grooves for retaining round suspension;
the metal frame attached to the suspension (it is needed in order for the tandor to be comfortably clinging bowls).

These auxiliary devices will help to prepare delicious and high-quality food in the Eastern Furnace.

Use in different countries

Tandar is used in many countries of the East, but the Uzbek tandor is considered canonical. In other states, there are also curious facts related to the use of this furnace.

So, in Azerbaijan, only an earthen tandyard is popular. Previously, with its help, there were not only prepared various dishes, but also heated residential premises in the cold season.

In India, Tandar has the name "Tander". The design itself is used for cooking exclusively meat dishes. Tandoor chicken is considered the most popular dish of Indian cuisine.

In Central Asia, in the same quantity, both ordinary tandes and earthenware are used. Each form is preparing different dishes.

In the Caucasian countries, as well as in Iran, Tandar is used as a furnace for the preparation of traditional pita.

Above it is proposed by several of the most popular ways to build such a device yourself. The methods presented in the article and the buildings are most fully answering the question of how to make tandoor do it yourself. Of course, there are also more complicated options, but they are made only in some villages of Central Asia, and the design and materials are kept in the strictest selection from all strangers.

Tandar is the Mid-Asian oven in the form of a jug. Folded such a "brazier" with your own hands. A step-by-step description of the process of masonry from brick will be shown below.

Today, urban residents for cooking mainly use barbecue or brazing. However, Tandan, so common in the eastern peoples, is nothing inferior to modern devices.

Inside the stove you can make a variety of dishes: Lavash, Sams, meat. Their exquisite taste is a strong argument in its favor. A distinctive feature of an Asian oven is a vertical arrangement of products. Thanks to such a device, the juice from the kebab is impregnated with meat, and not dripping into the fire. The result is a juicy dish with a rich taste.

Operating principle

Tandora's work can be compared with the functioning of a conventional boiler in which heat is accumulated and maintained.

In Tandara, the heat is accumulated through chammed clay. After the frying process, this natural material acquires the characteristics of ceramics.

First, firewood is laying out in the design and fire fire. The heat generated during burning will remain inside the stove. When firewood burns, and the heat will slightly weaken, begin to lay the dough and products. To maintain heat, the furnace is closed with a lid of the appropriate size.

Note: The inner temperature in Tandara after the warm-up is kept at 250 degrees. This is the optimal value that allows you to prepare delicious and useful food.

Fold brick design is easy, because the laying technology does not provide for special materials or tools. All you need for construction is sold in specialized stores. Full instructions and scheme of the structure are shown below.

Benefits

Due to the peculiar form, the design requires less fuel, which makes its construction cost-effective.
Simple and quick installation. It is necessary to fulfill him without attracting specialists.
Especially environmentally friendly materials that do not excrete toxic substances are used as the main building materials.
The ovens are preparing the same dishes as on the grill or barbecue. In addition, it can bake delicious oriental disasters.

Material materials

Tandora's construction involves the use of the following materials:

For the construction of the walls you need a refractory chamotte brick . Its amount is calculated by the wall thickness and oven dimensions. About 700-1300 pieces will leave the masonry.
Masonry mix can be prepared independently. For this take clay and pure sand. If there is no desire to knead the solution and calculate the ratio of components, you can purchase a ready-made mixture in any construction supermarket.
The constructed design is deceived by clay. If desired, the mosaic decor or natural stone is involved. If the tandyra is preparing tortillas, it means that the inner part needs to be deceived by fire-resistant clay.
For the device of a reliable and durable foundation, a cement reinforced by a rod is used.
The mandatory attribute of the furnace - pissed, which is made of bricks or a small piece of pipes with a cross section at least 10 cm.
In order for a circle with the top layer of the masonry to be smooth, you must lay out a pattern of wooden bars and boards.

It will take the following tool for work.:

bulgarian;
spatula (width is not less than 12 cm);
suitable capacity or bucket for kneading solution (concrete, facing mixture);
plaster rule;
paint brush.

Preparatory stage

Before starting the construction of Tandara, it is necessary to determine its location.

According to the safety technique, the furnace should not be located near buildings, trees and plantings.

It is desirable that the soil at the construction site is dry, and the level of groundwater is low.

The selected place is equal, then poured a layer of quartz sand with a thickness of 20 cm. For pushed from asbestos-cement or metal pipes make a slight recess.

Foundation

So that the masonry has not collapsed under the influence of seasonal movements, it is necessary to establish a solid foundation.

It is made from the concrete slab or poured the cement mixture into the prepared pit.

Competent approach and compliance with construction stages- Major criteria for long service life.

First of all, the markup is carried out, which includes the designation of the size of the future design. If desired, the special platform is poured for a convenient approach to the furnace.
From the site remove the grass and garbage. If the territory is smooth, then enough sand alignment. A layer of soil is removed on the sublinous soil and fall asleep into the deepening of the sand, which is shedding with water and carefully tamper.
When the site is located on the hill, the foundation can be made on the same level with the soil. A place with a constant stagnation of water is desirable to lift over the ground by 20 cm. This situation will require a special formwork from wooden bars.
Next, the lattice is installed from the reinforcement, with a cross section of at least 10 mm. The bar knits through wire. The optimal distance between the rods is 15 cm.
The formwork is poured with concrete and is aligned with the level board. It is important to use high-quality cement, since the design of the furnace is quite massive and the base must withstand significant loads. A dry cement sprinkles over the solution, which will give the foundation moisture resistance.
In the central part of the foundation make recess for the template. Then the design is closed with polyethylene film and leave to dry. As it dry out, the concrete should be moisturized. Construction starts after a durability. This period usually takes about 2 weeks.

Setting the template and masonry

Tandar furnace should have a smooth circle.

So that when laying bricks to achieve the same radius, you need to use the template.

For its installation, drawings and preliminary calculations are used.

Note: The distance between the two elements of the template is calculated in accordance with the height of one row of bricks.

Tandeader is laid out of refractory bricks, which put on the ends. Consequently, the height of one row together with the cement seam will be equal to 26 cm. Therefore, the height of the straight part of the stove is better to lay out of 2 rows.

So that the walls of the furnace are not turned out to be curves, on the perimeter of the lower part of the structure, leave a straight angle. The second row exactly repeats the first, however, for the strength, each brick shifts exactly half. In the same row, mastered the pipes. For which the two blocks are separated in the center.

Following, bricks with a pipe shine cement. Next, the narrowing of the structure corresponding to the height of two rows will begin. To build a tilt, blocks are sawn by a grinder at a given angle.

Master Council: When equipped, instead of a pipe, a brick can be used, which is left loose.

In subsequent rows, the amount of material will decrease, respectively, the bandage will be 1/3 bricks. Upon completion of the furnace-tandyard is dried. In the summer, the masonry is constantly moisturized for uniform drying the mixture.

To disguise all seams formed between bricks, you will need chammed clay.

So that bricks do not drink moisture from the liquid composition, they are moisturized in advance. The mixture is kneaded from clay, quartz sand and salt. The proportions depend on the degree of fatness of natural material.

On brick blocks, the solution is applied from 3 sides - two side and one bottom. As soon as the first layer is dry, bricks begin to deceive the reinforcing layer. The main thing is to remember that the design needs to be protected from rain with a plastic film.

To increase the strength of the tandoore, the reinforcing mesh from the metal is assembled on the clay layer, and the concrete mix layer is also applied. It is prepared from cement, sand and granite dropout. The consistency of the masonry solution must resemble plasticine. For decorative decoration from the outside of the furnace lay the mosaic or natural stone.

The finished tandon is dried at least 2 weeks. After the first drying, the furnace is mad. First use only paper, then they add sawdust and chip. Thus, the design is dried every day for 2 weeks.

Burning

After complete drying, the tando is burned. To do this, lay fire and maintain it within a few hours.

The first firing should be long. When the furnace coolsches, it must be checked.

If when you hit the design rings, it means that the homemade brick tandoor is ready. In the future, it is periodically purified from soot and ash.

Fixtures

In the furnace you can prepare several dishes at the same time. For their placement, special devices are used.

For example, a metal portable rod, on which skewers are fixed. Its dimensions must correspond to the diameter of the tandyard neck.

Another option is the cover for the cauldron. It is made from ordinary sheet iron. Holes cut out holes for cooking meat, vegetables and pellets in the lid.

Tandanitsa is used not only as a barbecue or barbecue, but also as a Russian oven. Vegetables are extinguished in it, make welded soup, meat stew.

Shed

Stationary tandoor protect against atmospheric precipitation with a canopy.

First, from four sides, small recesses fade into which metal pipes or wooden beams are installed. The recesses fall asleep with sand and poured with a solution of concrete.

When it dries, sheets or slate sheets are mounted on the device. Canopy can be any, it all depends on fantasy and opportunities. An interesting option can be viewed in the photo.

This brick tandoor is a functional furnace, which ensures uniform baking of vegetables and meat. Such a device helps to save on the consumption of electricity and gas.

In addition, the furnace is easy to operate and care. Its installation will not take much time, but allows you to enjoy fragrant dishes and delicious pita.

Watch the video in which it is shown in detail how to make a tandoor of brick with your own hands: