Where was ivan andreevich krylov born. Ivan krylov - biography, information, personal life. Inspiration and most famous works

Krylov Ivan Andreevich (1769 - 1844) - Russian publicist, poet, fabulist, publisher of satirical and educational magazines. Biography of Krylov it is not remarkable at all, although, like all biographies of great people, it has its own interesting nuances.

Brief biography of Krylov

After living for 75 years, Ivan Krylov gained worldwide fame as the author of 236 fables. Many quotes from his fables have become catchwords. But first things first.

Childhood and youth

Krylov was born on February 13, 1769 in Moscow, in the family of a retired army officer. He served as a minor official in the treasury chamber. He never received a proper education, although he was constantly engaged in self-education, studied literature and mathematics, French and Italian. In 1777-1790. a young official tries his hand at the dramatic field.

In 1789, Krylov publishes the Mail of Spirits magazine, in which he publishes satirical messages exposing the abuses of government officials.

In 1792 Krylov retired, published the satirical magazine "Spectator" in the printing house he bought, in the same year his story "Kaib" was published. Engaged in political satire, Krylov continues the work of N.I. Novikov.

However, his work causes dissatisfaction with Catherine II, Krylov has to leave Petersburg for a while and live in Moscow, and then in Riga.

Formation of the future fabulist

In 1805, Krylov translated two fables of the French fabulist La Fontaine. This was the beginning of his activity as the most famous Russian fabulist. He continued to engage in this work until the end of his days, despite the considerable success in the drama of his works such as "Fashion Shop", "A Lesson for Daughters" and "Pie".

Portrait of Krylov

In 1809, the first book of fables of his own composition was published. Then for the first time real fame comes to him.

There were many honors in Krylov's biography. He has been a respected member of the Conversations of Lovers of Russian Literature since its inception.

In 1811 he was elected a member of the Russian Academy, and on January 14, 1823, he received a gold medal from it for literary merits. During the transformation of the Russian Academy into the department of the Russian language and literature of the Academy of Sciences (1841), he was approved as an ordinary academician.

In 1812-1841. he served for nearly thirty years as an assistant librarian in the Imperial Public Library. In general, Krylov's biography is remarkable for the books that he passionately loved.

From a human point of view, it should be emphasized that Krylov was a very well-fed person, he liked to eat a lot and sleep a lot. However, he loved the Russian people even more.

Traveling through the endless expanses of his homeland, he wrote wonderful fables, noticing the subtlest features of human behavior.

Death and popular memory

Ivan Andreevich Krylov died on November 9, 1844. He was buried on November 13, 1844 at the Tikhvin cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra.

Jokes about his amazing appetite, slovenliness, laziness, love for fires (the fabulist was unusually attracted to fires), amazing willpower, wit and popularity are still known.

We hope that a short biography of Krylov will help you to make out the main moments of the life of the great Russian writer.

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Krylov Ivan Andreevich (1769-1844), Russian writer, fabulist, academician of the Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1841). He published the satirical magazines Mail of Spirits (1789) and others. He wrote tragedies and comedies, opera librettos. In 1809-43 he created more than 200 fables imbued with a democratic spirit, distinguished by satirical poignancy, bright and accurate language. Social and human vices were denounced in them. N. V. Gogol called Krylov's fables "... the book of the wisdom of the people themselves."

Father - Andrei Prokhorovich Krylov - an army officer, currying favor from the rank and file. During the Pugachev rebellion, he led the defense of the Yaitsky town (he owns the anonymously published note "Defense of the Yaik fortress from the rebels' party", the journal Otechestvennye zapiski, No. 52-53, 1824). In the Yaitsky town, Krylov spent his early childhood, during the riot he was with his mother, Maria Alekseevna, in Orenburg. In 1775, Andrei Prokhorovich retired from military service and entered a place in the chamber of the criminal court of the Tver governorate. The family was constantly in need, moreover, the father soon died (1778). Krylov, out of mercy, studied with the home teachers of the Lvov family, took French lessons from the governor of the governor's children.

From adolescence, the future writer, helping the family who lost the breadwinner, served in the Kalyazinsky zemstvo court, then in the Tver magistrate. Krylov moved to Petersburg in 1782 with the Lvovs. From 1783 he served in the Treasury Chamber in St. Petersburg, was actively engaged in self-education. In addition to French, he learned to read and write in German and Italian. He played the violin well, learned music theory, understood mathematics. With the Lvovs and, possibly, with the playwright Ya. B. Knyazhnin, Krylov met almost everyone, a rather narrow circle of writers and art connoisseurs of that time, including G.R.Derzhavin and his wife, who patronized Krylov.

No documents have survived from most of the events in Krylov's life, they are being reconstructed from the memoirs of contemporaries, much can only be said presumably.

He began his literary career as a playwright (comic opera "Coffee House", 1782, tragedies "Cleopatra", "Philomena", comedies "The Furious Family", "The Writer in the Hallway", etc., 1786-1788). Contrary to the overwhelming majority of the plays of that time, the last two were based on contemporary Russian material by the author. In The Furious Family, violent love passions were ridiculed (an unsafe subject, given the well-known temperament of Catherine II), and in The Writer in the Hallway - a writer humiliatingly groveling in front of the powers that be. Krylov became close to the leading actor of the Russian St. Petersburg troupe I. A. Dmitrievsky, playwright and actor P. A. Plavilshchikov. But at the end of the 1780s. Krylov composed the comedy "Pranksters", where, under the name of Rithmokrad, he ridiculed the playwright Ya. B, Knyazhnin and his wife, daughter of AP Sumarokov. For this pamphlet, Krylov was excommunicated from the theater on a complaint from Knyazhnin. In 1788, Krylov resigned from the Mountain Expedition, leaving government service for many years.

He starts doing journalism. As a journalist and publisher, Krylov continued the traditions of N.I. Novikov, as a thinker - the traditions of the philosophers of the Enlightenment. Krylov established friendly relations with the publisher I. G. Rachmaninov, in whose printing house Voltaire's collected works were published, magazines in which Krylov began to collaborate. In 1789 Krylov began publishing the satirical magazine Mail of Spirits at the Rachmaninoff printing house. In the magazine, in the form of correspondence between gnomes, sylphs and other spirits, a broad satirical picture of Russian society in the time of Catherine was given. The journal was banned (last issue - March 1790), possibly due to increased severity due to the 1789 revolution in France, and, possibly, due to persistent pedaling of the dangerous theme of the "old coquette". Together with Dmitrievsky, Plavil'shchikov and playwright A. I. Klushin, in 1791 Krylov founded a book publishing company, which, with the assistance of Rachmaninoff, in 1792 Krylov publishes the magazine "Spectator", in 1793 - "St. Petersburg Mercury". Here he also acted as an exposer of the damaged mores of society, but in a milder form, from satire to moralizing. The company also opened its own bookstore. The magazine was banned because of the general censorship strictness, and there is evidence that the Empress herself spoke with Krylov.

In 1794, apparently because of the story with the magazine, Krylov moved to Moscow (and his friend Klushin went abroad). From the autumn of 1795 he was forbidden to live in the capitals (but there is only indirect evidence of this), his name disappears from the pages of print. In 1797 Krylov became a personal secretary to General Prince S. F. Golitsyn. After the general's sudden disgrace, Krylov voluntarily followed the owner into exile and until 1801 was a companion of the exiled family, giving Russian language lessons to his younger children and their friends. From October 1801 to September 1803, Krylov was the governor of the office of Golitsyn, who was appointed governor-general of Livonia after the accession of Alexander I. The departure from literary activity for "external" reasons coincided with a deep internal turning point experienced by Krylov: from now on he no longer believes in the possibility of remaking a person literature, while retaining devotion to the ideas of the Enlightenment, prefers practical peasant experience to book ideals.

In 1800, for the amateur theater of the Golitsyns, a "tragedy" was written "Podshchipa, or Trumph" - a parody of both the "high" tragedy of the Enlightenment and the beginning to come into vogue Karamzin sentimentalism. The play satirically depicts the conflict between Western civilization (represented by Trumph) and Russian patriarchalism, and the author ridicules and rejects both. "Podshchipa" was censored by the author in 1807, but banned, however, and without publication, becoming one of the most popular Russian plays, spreading in the lists. In 1800, Krylov began the poetic comedy "Lazy" (not finished), in which he declares a conscious non-participation in public life - the cherished position of the author.

After Riga, Krylov moved to Moscow, here and in St. Petersburg his new plays were staged ("Pie", 1802; in 1807 - the comedy "Fashion Shop" "A Lesson for Daughters"). The plays were a resounding success and remained in the repertoire until the middle of the 19th century. They are devoid of any didactics, although in the spirit of the times they ridicule the fascination with everything foreign, excessive sentimentality.

The first publication of Krylov's fables ("Oak and Cane", "Legible Bride") took place in 1805. These were translations from La Fontaine. In 1806 Krylov moved to St. Petersburg, where he took part in the production of his plays. For several years, close relations have linked him with the actress A.I.Belye. He becomes a regular at the salon of A.N. Olenin, under his supervision in 1808-10 in the Mint Department, from 1812, when Olenin became director of the Public Library, Krylov was appointed assistant librarian, from 1816 - a librarian with an apartment at the library. An archaist in his literary views, a participant in "Conversations of lovers of the Russian word" A.S. Shishkov, a supporter of classicism and heir to the fabulists of the 18th century. (A.I. Sumarokova and others), Krylov is at the same time the creator of a realistic fable, and, more broadly, together with Griboyedov and Pushkin, he is at the origins of the literature of Russian realism.

In 1809, the first book of Krylov's fables was published. In total, he wrote about 200 fables (the last and most complete edition, a collection in 9 books, published in December 1843, entered the book trade later, and part of the circulation was distributed free of charge at the writer's funeral). Many works (for example, "The Dragonfly and the Ant", "The Wolf and the Lamb", etc.) go back to the samples borrowed from Aesop, Phaedrus, La Fontaine. However, the realistic persuasiveness of the images, the sharpness of the conflict between the requirements of morality and hypocrisy, self-interest, cruelty, cowardice, as well as the realism of language make us see in Krylov an original artist, a reformer of the fable genre. Krylov's fable is devoid of dry moralizing, the moral conclusion contained in it is an expression of common sense, embodied in the forms of a living spoken language. Thanks to these qualities, many sayings from Krylov's fables entered the Russian language on the basis of proverbs [“A Casket just opened up” (“Casket”), “You are to blame for the fact that I want to eat” (“The Wolf and the Lamb”), “Yes, only things are still there ”(“ Swan, Pike and Cancer ”) and many others. etc.]. The rapprochement of Krylov's works with living speech was facilitated by his use of the free Russian iambic (with the exception of the fable "Dragonfly and the Ant" 1808, written by a four-foot chorea).

Many of Krylov's fables relate to the most significant events in the social and political life of Russia ("Quartet", 1811, "Swan, Pike and Cancer", 1816 - responses to problems in the activities of the State Council; "The Cat and the Cook", "The Wolf in the Kennel", " The Crow and the Chicken "and others - on the events of the Patriotic War of 1812;" Dog Friendship ", 1815 - on disagreements among the members of the Holy Union, etc.).

The satirical pathos of Krylov's fables was noted by the Decembrist AA Bestuzhev (Marlinsky); V. Zhukovsky and A. Pushkin spoke about the natural originality and national character of Krylov's work, comparing him with La Fontaine; VG Belinsky mentioned the enrichment of the genre possibilities of Krylov's fable ("... this is a story, a comedy, a humorous sketch, an evil satire ...", Poln. sobr. soch., 1955, p. 575).

VA Zhukovsky (1809) responded to the first collection of fables with an extensive article in the "Bulletin of Europe". Having highly appreciated the innovation of the Krylov language, Zhukovsky nevertheless reproached him for using "rough" turns of speech. However, for many of his contemporaries, from Pushkin to the Bulgarian, it was precisely the “rough” language, combined with the “simple” view of things, that was evidence of Krylov's radical transformation of the principles of Russian poetics. Krylov's fables quickly became widely known, already in 1824 a two-volume edition of his fables was published in Paris, translated into French and Italian. This was followed by translations into most European languages.

Krylov himself, the further, the more he was perceived by his contemporaries as a kind of literary character. The writer himself emphatically distanced himself from all social events, in society he deliberately emphasized his vices (laziness, gluttony, slovenliness, enthusiasm for cards). Already in the 1820s. he became the character of numerous anecdotes, however, always benevolent. Until old age, however, he continued to educate himself: he studied ancient Greek, took English lessons. He was appreciated and accepted in the most distant literary circles in their views. According to some reports, Krylov had Pushkin shortly before the duel, but he, according to the testimony of his contemporaries, was the last one who said goodbye to the body of the great poet at the funeral service.

The official recognition of Krylov by the court can only be compared with the recognition of Karamzin and Zhukovsky: in February 1812 he was assigned a life pension, in 1820 he received the Order of St. Vladimir IV degree, in 1838 - Stanislav II degree, in 1830, in violation of the rules (Krylov did not have a university education and did not pass the exam), the writer was awarded the rank of state councilor. In 1838, the authorities and the public celebrated the anniversary of Krylov - the 70th anniversary of his birth and the 50th anniversary of literary activity. In 1841 Krylov left the service and settled with the family of his "adopted goddaughter" (most likely his own daughter).

Krylov became the first writer to whom a monument was erected in Russia by subscription: on May 12, 1855, a monument by P. Klodt "Grandfather Krylov" was erected in the Summer Garden in St. Petersburg.

IA Krylov was born in 1769 on February 2 in Moscow into a rather poor family. The future poet was not educated. After the death of the father, all the care of the mother
went to him. 1782. they moved to St. Petersburg in search of more lucrative work.
In 1809 he wrote the first book with fables. Krylov has been composing fables for 30 years. His expressions are called winged. In 1844 he died of pneumonia.

Ivan Andreevich Krylov is a poet and fabulist. Many of us know him from such fables as The Swan, Cancer and Pike, Elephant and Pug, Monkey and Glasses ...

It is known that Krylov studied little, but he read a lot, and studied literacy at home (mostly due to the fact that the family lived in poverty).

At the age of 14, he moved with his mother to St. Petersburg. At the age of 18 he took up literary activity. His first fables were printed without a signature. His writing career took off in 1809. Krylov wrote over 200 fables.

He died at the age of 75 from bilateral pneumonia.

The Russian fabulist Ivan Andreevich Krylov (1769 - 1844) was a rather versatile person and in addition to composing fables, he also wrote in the field of journalism, was a poet and participated in the publication of satirical and educational magazines. Most of all, he was known precisely as a fabulist, who in his entire life wrote 9 collections of fables, the total number of which was 236 works.

Monkey and glasses
Two pigeons
Elephant and pug
Quartet
Swan, Pike and Cancer
Cat and Cook
Dragonfly and ant

Biography of I.A.Krylov

The future writer received practically no education, but with a sharp mind and outstanding abilities he read a lot and studied his education himself, which bore fruit and he became one of the most enlightened personalities of his time.

The beginning of the creative path

After the death of his father, I.A.Krylov, at the age of 10, had to take all the care of his mother on himself. His first job was a position in the Tverskoy court. In 1782, she and her mother moved to St. Petersburg in search of a more profitable profession, and there Krylov was offered to work in the Treasury. In this city, for the first time, his creative abilities were discovered and during the period from 1786 to 1788. he writes "Philomela", "Pranksters", as well as the comedy "Mad Family". His name is beginning to be recognized in the theatrical and literary communities.

Journalism and service with S. Golitsyn

In 1789, Ivan Andreevich publishes his first magazine called "Mail of Spirits", which was developed in the format of satirical journalism, but he could not exist much because of the topicality of the topics. Over time, Krylov revived his idea of the "Mail of Spirits" in the new magazine "Spectator", the publication became popular, but also did not last long.

In 1791 - 1801 the fabulist moved away from journalism, but did not stop writing. During these years, he traveled to the corners of his homeland (visited Ukraine, Nizhny Novgorod, as well as Saratov and Tambov).

After the death of Catherine II, he was able to get into the service of Prince S. Golitsyn, performing the functions of a teacher for his children and a personal secretary. A play based on Krylov's work "Trumph, or Podshchip" was staged at Galitsyn's home theater.

Publication of the first book of fables and service as a librarian

In 1806, having arrived in St. Petersburg, Ivan Andreevich wrote there "A Lesson for Daughters" (1807) and "Fashion Shop" (1806), and in 1809 his first book of fables was published, in which he appeared as a moralist and fighter for the rights of the oppressed , denouncing the "mighty" of this world.

In 1812 he received the post of librarian, after serving there for 30 years, he not only significantly expanded the collection of books, but also worked on compiling bibliographic reference books, and also devoted his time to working on the Slavic-Russian dictionary.

In November 1844 I.A.Krylov died. Buried in St. Petersburg.

Brief biography of Krylov
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Krylov Ivan Andreevich (1769 - 1844) - Russian publicist, poet, fabulist, publisher of satirical and educational magazines. Krylov's biography is not remarkable at all, although, like other biographies of poets, it has its own interesting nuances.

After living for 75 years, Ivan Krylov gained worldwide fame as the author of 236 fables. Many quotes from his fables have become catchwords. But first things first.

Childhood and youth

In 1789, Krylov publishes the Mail of Spirits magazine, in which he publishes satirical messages exposing the abuses of government officials.

However, his work causes dissatisfaction with Catherine II, Krylov has to leave Petersburg for a while and live in Moscow, and then in Riga.

Formation of the future fabulist

Portret-Kryilova
Portrait of Krylov
In 1809, the first book of fables of his own composition was published. Then for the first time real fame comes to him.

There were many honors in Krylov's biography. He has been a respected member of the Conversations of Lovers of Russian Literature since its inception.

In 1812-1841. he served for nearly thirty years as an assistant librarian in the Imperial Public Library. In general, Krylov's biography is remarkable for the books that he passionately loved.

From a human point of view, it should be emphasized that Krylov was a very well-fed person, he liked to eat a lot and sleep a lot. However, he loved the Russian people even more.

Traveling through the endless expanses of his homeland, he wrote wonderful fables, noticing the subtlest features of human behavior.

Death and popular memory

Ivan Andreevich Krylov died on November 9, 1844. He was buried on November 13, 1844 at the Tikhvin cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra.

Jokes about his amazing appetite, slovenliness, laziness, love for fires (the fabulist was unusually attracted to fires), amazing willpower, wit and popularity are still known.

Born on February 2 (February 14 NS) in Moscow in the family of a poor army captain, who received the officer's rank only after thirteen years of military service. In 1775, his father retired, and the family settled in Tver.

The future fabulist received a meager education, but, possessing exceptional abilities, reading a lot from childhood, persistently and persistently engaged in self-education, he became one of the most enlightened people of his time.

After the death of his father, the family was left without any means of subsistence, and from the age of ten Krylov had to work as a scribe in the Tverskoy court. The mother was unable to obtain a pension after the death of her husband, and in 1782 it was decided to go to Petersburg to seek a pension. In the capital, too, nothing was achieved, but for Krylov there was a place as a clerk in the Treasury. In addition, Petersburg opened up for him the opportunity to engage in literary work. During 1786 - 1788 Krylov wrote the tragedies "Cleopatra" and "Philomela" and the comedies "The Rabid Family", "The Pranksters". The name of the young playwright soon became famous in theatrical and literary circles.

In 1789 Krylov began publishing the satirical magazine Mail of Spirits, which continued the traditions of Russian satirical journalism. Due to its radical direction, the magazine was able to survive for only eight months, but Krylov did not abandon his intention to resume it. In 1792 he created a new satirical magazine "Spectator", which immediately became popular due to the topicality of its topics. The story "Kaib" allegorically presents the arbitrariness and deceitful liberalism of the totalitarian regime, in which the reader can easily recognize the Russia of his day. In the summer of 1792, a search was carried out in the printing house, Krylov came under police surveillance, and the publication of the magazine had to be stopped.

In 1791 - 1801 Krylov retired from journalistic activities, wandered around the provinces: he visited Tambov, Saratov, Nizhny Novgorod, Ukraine. He never stopped composing, but his works only occasionally appeared in print.

After the death of Catherine II, he managed to enter the service of Prince S. Golitsyn as a personal secretary and teacher for his children. In Golitsyn's home theater, the tragedy Trumph, or Podshchip, written by Krylov in 1800, was staged - a witty and well-aimed satire on Paul I and the royal court.

In 1801 Krylov completed the comedy "Pie", staged in St. Petersburg and Moscow.

In 1806 he returned to St. Petersburg, where he established new literary connections, wrote the comedies "Fashion Shop" (1806) and "A Lesson for Daughters" (1807). In 1809, the first book of Krylov's fables was published, in which he acted not only as a moralist, but an exposer of the "powerful" of this world, oppressing the people. It was the fable that became the genre in which Krylov's genius was expressed unusually broadly. Nine books, including more than 200 fables, make up Krylov's fable legacy.

8 1812 became a librarian of the newly opened Public Library, where he served for 30 years, retiring in 1841. Krylov not only proved to be a good collector of books, the number of which greatly increased under him, but he worked a lot on compiling bibliographic indexes and a Slavic-Russian dictionary.

The title of the first Russian fabulist was deservedly received by the writer Ivan Andreevich Krylov. At the same time, facts from the life of Krylov indicate that the talented fabulist first of all considered himself a poet and translator. Krylov began his writing career with satire, publishing magazines where he ridiculed fools and injustice. Next, we will take a closer look at interesting facts about Krylov.

2. The family lived very poorly, so the parents could not give their son a good education. Ivan studied on his own from the books that his father left him.

3. Krylov began his career as an ordinary clerk in the Tverskoy court.

4. Ivan was forced to go to work at the age of eleven after the death of his father.

5. Krylov also worked in the office, where he began his literary career.

6. Ivan published his first satirical magazine "Mail of Spirits".

7. For more than ten years, Ivan Krylov traveled to cities and villages of Russia, where he found inspiration for his new fables.

8. Most of the fabulist's works were heavily censored, but this did not stop the writer.

9. Catherine II pursued Krylov, and only after her death did he breathe a sigh of relief.

10. Krylov worked as a teacher for the children of Prince S. Golitsin.

11. Krylov gave thirty years of his life to the Public Library, where he worked since 1812.

12. Ivan Krylov was the editor of the Slavic-Russian dictionary.

13. The fabulist has never been officially married.

14. It was rumored that his own daughter Alexandra worked as a cook in the house.

15. Bilateral pneumonia or overeating became the main cause of death of the fabulist. The exact cause of death has not been established.

16. Ivan Krylov was buried at the Tikhvin cemetery in St. Petersburg.

17. The literary genre of fable was discovered in Russia by Krylov.

18. The public library was replenished with rare books thanks to Krylov.

19. Ivan was very fond of looking at fires and did not miss a single opportunity.

20. The sofa was Ivan's favorite item in the house, where he could rest for hours.

21. Ivan Krylov became the prototype of Goncharovsky Oblomov.

22. The fabulist was very fond of food, and it was overeating that could be the main cause of his death.

23. Cards for money were Ivan Andreevich's favorite game.

24. Cockfighting was another hobby of Krylov.

25. The fabulist was not afraid of criticism regarding his obese appearance and gluttony.

26. In his youth, Ivan loved fistfights, and also possessed incredible physical strength, which helped him win.

27. Krylov worked until his last day, despite a serious illness.

28. In 1845, PA Pletnev wrote the first biography of Krylov.

29. A talented fabulist loved to celebrate Easter in the Kazan Cathedral.

30. Krylov learned the ancient Greek language to spite Gnedich.

31. Ivan Krylov wrote 200 fables.

32. Krylov loved his fable "The Stream" in a special way.

33. Ivan did not like to look after his appearance, rarely washed and combed his hair.

35. Ivan Andreevich cried when he was presented with some kind of award or prize.

36. Krylov lived only today, he was not attached to anything, so he lived a happy life.

37. Once Krylov offended Count Khvostov, who in response wrote satirical verses about the fabulist.

38. Krylov had an excellent appetite, which led to serious health problems.

39. Most of the acquaintances laughed at Krylov for his unkempt appearance.

40. Krylov worked as a librarian and lived in the building of the Public Library.

42. Only in old age did Krylov begin to carefully monitor his appearance.

43. In 1785, the tragedy of Philomela and Cleopatra was published.

44. In 1791 Krylov went on a long journey across Russia.

45. In 1809, the first collection of the writer's fables was published.

46. In 1811 Krylov became a member of the Russian Academy.

47. In 1825, a collection of fables was published in three languages. This collection was published by Count Grigory Orlov in Paris.

48. Krylov's funeral was magnificent. Even Count Orlov himself volunteered to carry the coffin.

49. Ivan Andreevich was very fond of tobacco, not only smoked it, but also sniffed and chewed it.

50. Krylov always liked to sleep after a hearty dinner, so no one came to visit him.

51. Ivan Andreevich Krylov left all the inheritance to Sasha's husband, his daughter, as everyone thought.

Biography and episodes of life Ivan Krylov. When born and died Ivan Krylov, memorable places and dates of important events in his life. Quotes from the fabulist, images and videos.

Years of life of Ivan Krylov:

born February 13, 1769, died November 21, 1844

Epitaph

“With a kind smile, with a friendly look,
He, as if with senile slowness of speech,
Tells us, from his high chairs,
About strange manners and stupidity of animals,
And everyone is laughing around and he himself is quietly cheerful. "
From a poem by Ivan Maykov dedicated to the memory of Krylov

“The rank was only flattering to me,
Which I wear in nature -
The rank of a person; - only to be in it
I put it as a post ... "
From a poem by Ivan Andreevich Krylov

Biography

When Emelyan Pugachev led the assault on the city fortress of Yaitsk, an officer of the Don Cossacks, Andrei Prokhorovich Krylov, was among the soldiers loyal to the government who managed to protect the town from the onslaught. Pugachev vowed to deal with Krylov personally, as well as with his entire family. The officer's wife, Maria Alekseevna, in fear took their young son out of the city, after hiding him in an earthen vessel. In this way, the life of Ivan Andreevich Krylov, an outstanding Russian fabulist, was saved.

As a child, Ivan Krylov never managed to get a decent education. His father died quite early, and his mother, left with two young sons in her arms, could hardly make ends meet. But in memory of his father, Ivan has a whole chest of books - a great start for self-development. Subsequently, Ivan Andreevich will go down in history as one of the most educated people of his time.

Before turning to literary activity, Ivan Krylov served as a sub-clerk in the Kalyazinsky court, and then in the Tver magistrate. His financial situation remained very tense and especially worsened after the death of his mother, since he had to take over custody of his little brother. However, with the move to St. Petersburg, good prospects opened up for Krylov's work. Krylov enthusiastically takes on writing plays, but in the field of drama he does not achieve success.

However, his talent was fully revealed in fables. Krylov's work was perfectly characterized by Ivan Turgenev, noting that "his writings were truly Russian." "... It can be said without any exaggeration that a foreigner who thoroughly studied Krylov's fables will have a clearer idea of the Russian national character than if he reads many works treating this subject," wrote Turgenev. During his lifetime, Ivan Krylov created and published several hundred fables, collected in nine collections. Also on the account of the author there are more than a dozen stories, comedies and tragedies.

By the end of his life, Ivan Krylov gained an excellent reputation in the literary environment, and also acquired connections in higher circles. In particular, the fabulist was highly revered in the royal family, and at the funeral of Krylov, Count Orlov himself - the second person in the state - volunteered to carry the coffin. Before his death, Ivan Krylov bequeathed all his property and the rights to essays to the husband of his adopted daughter Sasha, in whose company the writer spent the last days of his life. The great fabulist died at the age of seventy-five. The cause of Krylov's death was bilateral pneumonia. Krylov's funeral took place at the Tikhvin cemetery in St. Petersburg in the presence of dignitaries. In memory of the legendary talent, majestic monuments have been erected in many cities of Russia.

Life line

February 13, 1769 Date of birth of Ivan Andreevich Krylov.
1774 g. The Krylov family moves to Tver.
1777 g. Little Krylov gets a job as a sub-chancellor at the Kalyazinsky Lower Zemstvo Court.
1783 g. Ivan Andreevich writes the first comic opera "Coffee House".
1789 g. Krylov publishes the "Mail of Spirits" magazine.
1809 g. The first book of Krylov's fables has been published.
1812 g. The writer was hired by the Public Library of St. Petersburg.
1823 g. Krylov is experiencing two strokes.
1841 g. The writer retires and settles in the family of his adopted goddaughter Sasha.
November 21, 1844 Date of death of Krylov.
November 25, 1844 Date of funeral of Ivan Krylov.

Memorable places

1. The city of Moscow, where Ivan Andreevich Krylov was born and spent his childhood.
2. The city of Tver, where the Krylov family moved in connection with the change of their father's job.
3. The city of St. Petersburg, where the Krylov family moved after the death of their father.
4. The city of Riga, where Ivan Krylov moved, accompanying Prince Golitsyn.
5. The city of Serpukhovo, where Ivan Andreevich stayed for a long time with his younger brother Leo.
6. Tikhvin cemetery in the Alexander Nevsky Lavra, where Krylov is buried.
7. Monument to Krylov in the Summer Garden, St. Petersburg.
8. Monument to Krylov on the Patriarch's Lakes, Moscow.
9. Monument to Krylov in Tver.

Episodes of life

Ivan Andreevich Krylov was a noble eater. Whenever a new dish was served at the table, he put as much food on his plate as he could fit into it. After the meal, Ivan Andreevich got up, prayed for the icon and said: "How much does a man need?" Eyewitnesses always laughed at this phrase, knowing how much Krylov needed.

Once, rereading La Fontaine, Ivan Andreevich suddenly felt an irrepressible desire to reproduce some of his fables in Russian for his people. The writer enthusiastically set to work and soon came with the results to the famous fabulist Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev. He, although he noticed a competitor in Krylov, still highly appreciated his talent: "This is your true family, at last you have found it."

Covenant

“In the breed and in ranks the high is good,
But what came in it when the soul is low? "

“As they often say in business: I will still have time.
But I must admit that
What do they say, asking not wisely,
But with my laziness. "

Documentary film "Ivan Krylov: Merry craftiness of the mind"

Condolences

"... Krylov left so little information about himself that his every word acquires interest for posterity."
Vladislav Kenevich, writer

“… He was able to overcome difficulties. It is in vain to imagine that his light poems flowed from the pen by themselves. "
Peter Pletnev, poet

"It is our regret that these last, solemn, touching days of the transition from life to death were completed without us knowing ..."
Peter Vyazemsky, poet

"He surpassed all the fabulists known to us."
Alexander Pushkin, poet