Presentation on the subject of the Presidents. Russian Presidents Presentation to History Lesson (Grade 10) on the topic. Consequences of the domination of the President of the Russian Federation

The President of the Russian Federation is the head of state. The President of the Russian Federation is the guarantor of the Constitution, human rights and freedoms and citizen. In the manner prescribed by the Constitution, it takes measures to protect the sovereignty of the Russian Federation, its independence and state integrity, ensures the coordinated functioning and interaction of government bodies (part 1.2 Article 80 of the Constitution).

The powers of the President of the Russian Federation: 1) appoints with the consent of the State Duma Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation; 2) has the right to chair at a meeting of the Government of the Russian Federation; 3) makes decisions on the resignation of the Government of the Russian Federation; 4) At the suggestion of the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation, appoints and relieves the Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation, federal ministers; 5) appoints and frees the authorized representatives of the President of the Russian Federation; 6) appoints and frees the highest command of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation; 7) appoints and recalls after consultations with the relevant committees or commissions of the chambers of the Federal Assembly of Diplomatic Representatives of the Russian Federation in foreign countries and international organizations; 8) uses conciliation procedures to resolve differences between the state authorities of the Russian Federation and the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as between the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation; 9) has the right to suspend the actions of acts of the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the event of the contradiction of these acts of the Constitution and federal laws, the international obligations of the Russian Federation or violation of human rights and freedoms and citizen to solve this issue with the relevant court; 10) exercises authority in accordance with the Constitution and federal laws as the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and the Chairman of the Security Council of the Russian Federation;

11) leads the activities of federal executive bodies on defense, security, justice, etc. in accordance with the Constitution, federal constitutional, federal laws. Federal ministries, federal services and federal agencies, whose management of the Russian Federation: Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation (the Federal Migration Service suburban), the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergency Situations and Eliminate Disaster Ministry, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Ministry of Defense RF (jurisdiction of the Federal Service for Military Technical Cooperation, Federal Service for Defense Orders, Federal Service for Technical and Export Control of the Russian Federation, Federal Agency for Special Construction), Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation (subordinate federal execution service of punishments, Federal Registration Service, Federal Service bailiffs, Federal Agency Cadastre of Real Estate Objects), State Feldoteger Service of the Russian Federation (Federal Service), Foreign Intelligence Service (Federal Service), Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation, Federal Services BA of the Russian Federation for Drug Control, Federal Service of the Russian Federation, General Department of Special Programs of the President of the Russian Federation (Federal Agency), Department of the President of the Russian Federation (Federal Agency).

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Scroll through the presentation on the topic: "Famous man of Russia. President of the Russian Federation-Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin "

Biography
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Born on October 7, 1952 in Leningrad. According to his own answer during the population census, Russian by nationality. For Putin, Vladimir Spiridonovich Putin (23.2.1911 - 2.8.1999) - a participant in the Great Patriotic War (the fighter of the 330th rifle regiment of the 86-ydivisia of the Red Army, fought, protecting Nevsky Piglet, was seriously injured in the shin in November 1941), before the war he served on the underwater fleet, after the war, the master at the factory. Egorova. Mother, Maria Ivanovna Sheomova (1911-1998), also worked at the factory, survived the blockade of Leningrad.

The ancestors of V. V. Putin on the paternal and maternal line (Putin, shell, Chursanov, Buyanov, Fomins and others) throughout, at least 300 years were the peasants of the Tver County. The most early known ancestor V. V. Putin was mentioned in the 1627/1628 of the discovered book of the Tver County. This is Yakov Nikitin - the Borodino village of Borodino arrival of the village of Tetrginovo, Votchini Boyarina Ivan Nikitich Romanov, uncle King Mikhail Fedorovich. Vladimir was the third son in the family - he had two older brothers who were born and died before his birth: Victor (1940-1942 ) And Albert (died before the beginning of the Great Patriotic War). Victor died from diphtheria during the blockade of Leningrad and was buried at the Piskarevsky cemetery.

Putin's family lived in a communal apartment without any amenities in the Basque Lane (House 12) in Leningrad, Putin lived in this apartment up to work in the KGB of the USSR. Already becoming the president, Putin told that since childhood he was fond of Soviet films about the scouts and dreamed of working in state security bodies. Recovery responded with the possibilities for the formation and development, which in those years provided the Soviet power to the young man.

In 1960-1965, Vladimir Putin studied at school-eight-year-old number 193. After he entered the secondary school number 281 (Specialcol with a chemical bias on the basis of the Technological Institute), which he graduated in 1970.

In 1970-1975 he studied at the International Branch of the Law Faculty of Leningrad State University (LDG). In LSU entered the CPSU. Of this forbidden in 1991, the party did not go out. During the student, first met Anatoly Sobchak, at the time of the associate professor. The topic of the diploma - "The principle of the most favorable nation"

(Scientist leader L. N. Galenskaya, Department of International Law).

Service in KGB

In 1975 he graduated from the law faculty of LSU. The distribution was sent to work in the Committee of State Security. In 1975 he graduated from the "Operational Field" courses on Okhta ("401th School"), certified by the junior officer (senior lieutenant of justice) in the system of territorial bodies of the KGB of the USSR.
After 1977, he worked on the line of counterintelligence in the investigative department of the Leningrad control of the KGB. In 1979 he graduated from six-month retraining courses at the High School of the KGB in Moscow and returned to Leningrad again.
In 1984, in the rank of Justice Major, was submitted to training for the one-year Faculty of red-known. Yu. V. Andropova Institute of the KGB of the USSR, who graduated in 1985 by the specialty "External Intelligence". In the KGB, the USSR wore the "school" surname of the fees, was the old-fashioned educational department, studied German.

In 1985-1990, he worked in the GDR. Upon service in the territorial duty officer in Dresden under the cover of the office of the director of the Dresden House of Friendship of the USSR-GDR. During a long-term business trip, it was raised to lieutenant colonel and in office to senior assistant department of the department. In 1989, he was awarded a bronze medal "For merit to the National People's Army GDR."
After graduating from a foreign exchange and return to the USSR, according to Putin, voluntarily refused to go to the central office of foreign intelligence KGB of the USSR in Moscow. He returned to the state of the first department (intelligence from the territory of the USSR) of the Leningrad Department of the KGB.
According to Putin, after going to work in the mayor of Leningrad, he twice filed a report on dismissal from the KGB of the USSR.20 August 1991, during the performance of A. A. Sobchak against the GCCP, Putin wrote a report on dismissal from the KGB.

Work in St. Petersburg

Since the beginning of the spring of 1990, the main official place of his work was the Leningrad State University (LSU). A. A. Zhdanova. In LGU Putin became an assistant to Rector Stanislav Mercuryeva on international issues.
Mercuryev later recommended Anatoly Sobchakta Putin as an executive officer.
From May 1990 - Advisor to the Chairman of the Leningrad City Council Sobchak.
From June 12, 1991, after the election of A. A. Sobchak for the post of mayor, the Chairman of the Committee on External Relations of St. Petersburg City Hall. Putin's responsibilities for the head of the Committee included issues of attracting investments in St. Petersburg, cooperation with foreign companies, organizations of joint ventures. Putin was a curator of organizing the first currency exchange in St. Petersburg and contributed to the coming to the city of several major German firms. With the participation of Putin, one of the first banks with foreign capital in Russia - BNP-Drezdner Bank (Rossija) was opened. Putin was one of the organizers of the Russian-American "Goodwill Games", then he met a major American businessman in the media Tedus Terner.
Since 1993, the head of the city of Sobchak, at the time of his foreign trips, began to leave Putin as a deputy instead of himself.

In March 1994, he was appointed First Deputy Chairman of the Government of St. Petersburg, retaining the position of head of the Committee on External Relations. Putin's responsibilities as deputy chairmen of the St. Petersburg government included coordination of the work and the interaction of the mayor's office with the territorial bodies of force and law enforcement agencies (Central General of the Ministry of Defense, the FSB, the prosecutor's office, the courts, the Customs Committee), as well as political and public organizations. Putin was managed by the Registration Chamber, as well as the management of the mayor's office: Justice, Public Relations, Administrative Bodies, hotels.
In 1995, he headed the regional department of the NDR party.
In addition to the External Relations Committee, Putin was led by the Commission of the City Hall on operational issues.
Subsequently, many of those who, together with Putin, worked in the St. Petersburg City Hall (I. I. Sechin, D. A. Medvedev, V. A. Zubkov, A. L. Kudrin, and. B. Miller, G. O. Gref, D. N. Kozak, V. P. Ivanov, S. E. Naryshkin, V. L. Mutko et al.), In the 2000s, they took responsible posts in the Government of Russia, the administration of the President of Russia and the leadership of state-owned companies.

In 1992, the deputy working group of Lensovet led by Marina Salia and Yuri Gladkovy (the so-called "Salne Commission") against Putin as the head of the Committee on Foreign Economic Relations, there was a charge in fraud in connection with the supply program of St. Petersburg with food in exchange for raw materials. According to Putin himself, actually the investigation into the commission, Salia did not conduct anything, and in the "criminal procedure it was not for anything and no one." According to Putin, this scandal part of the deputies of Lensovet tried to use to influence the Sobchak so that he fired him.
In June 2008, during the police detention of a number of Russian citizens in Spain, the attention of some media was again brought to earlier publications on Putin's relations in the 1990s with the alleged head of the Tambov "ODG Vladimir Kumarin, arrested in August 2007 Accounting in the leadership of this criminal grouping and subsequently convicted.

Job in Moscow

For three years, Putin passed the way from the Deputy Guidelines for the President of the President before the Secretary of Security Council.
Director of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin. 1998.
Since August 1996, after the defeat of Anatoly Sobchak at the governor's elections, was invited to work in Moscow as Deputy Guidelines for the President of the Russian Federation Paul Borodin. Here Putin supervised the legal administration and management of Russian internationality.
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On March 26, 1997, he was appointed Deputy Head of the Presidential Administration of Russia - Head of the Main Control Department of the President of the Russian Federation, replacing A. L. Kudrin in this post.
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According to Putin, the results conducted by the main control department of the inspection associated with the implementation of the defense order were one of the reasons for the resignation of the Minister of Defense of Russia Igor Rodionov in May 1997.

In 1997, Putin as the head of the Main Control Department requested a special commission to verify the effectiveness of the work of Russian fisheries. As a result of the work of the Commission, it turned out: "Falling in 1997 by 6500 tons of mini Japanese courts with a drift method (prohibited by the resolution of the UN General Assembly since 1991) and 3300 tons of this type of fish by Russian courts working on scientific programs led to the transference On the edge of bankruptcy coastal enterprises of the Kamchatka region, operating its stocks. " After completion of the commission, in accordance with its border conclusions, the areas of fisheries were changed, and over the next decade, the seals increased several times - from 2500 to 20,000 tons.
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On May 25, 1998, he was appointed First Deputy Head of the Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation, responsible for working with the regions. By the time the appointment was considered one of the most influential figures in the Kremlin.

From July 25, 1998, director of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation, Nikolai Patrushev, Viktor Cherkessov and Sergey Ivanov, who was familiar with the KGB and in St. Petersburg, appointed General Nikolai Patrushev's generals. In the autumn of 1998, Putin conducted reorganization in the FSB. During the location of Putin as Head of the FSB, he abolished the management of the FSB on economic counterintelligence and on counterintegration of strategic facilities, created six new FSB controls instead. I achieved uninterrupted financing of the FSB, as well as to increase the salaries of FSB employees (in this respect, they were equated with CVR and FAPSI employees). Before appointment, President Yeltsin prescribed Putin to raise him to generally Major, but Putin refused, offering to become the first civil director of the FSB.
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From March 26, 1999, Putin was appointed Secretary of the Security Council of the Russian Federation, while maintaining the post of head of the FSB.
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By the beginning of May 1999, President Yeltsin decided to transfer his power to Putin. On August 5, at a meeting with Putin, Yeltsin reported that he wanted to appoint him to the country's prime minister.

Defense of the thesis

In 1997, he defended his master's dissertation on the economy called "Strategic planning of reproduction of the mineral resource base of the region in the context of the formation of market relations (St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region)" in St. Petersburg State Mountain Institute. In his dissertation, expressed the idea of \u200b\u200bnational champions. Subsequently, this idea has become one of Putin's distinguctive features. The supervisor was a doctor of economic sciences, Professor Vladimir Fedoseev - a well-known specialist in the field of mineral raw materials.
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In 2005, researchers of the Bruking Institute of Washington said that 16 out of 20 pages, which begins the main part of Putin's candidate dissertation, are accurate reproduction or close to the text of the article "Strategic Planning and Policy" professors of William King and David Kliland, published in 1978 . According to researchers, six charts and schedules from Putin's work almost completely coincide with American. In the academic circles of St. Petersburg disavowed the approval of the Brugge Institute. Also in the overseas press, it was stated that even then Putin formulated the foundations of his future policy. In Russia, information about the plagiarism in dissertation Putin did not go beyond the limits of Internet publications and the magazine "Power".

Government Chairman (August - December 1999)

On August 9, 1999, he was appointed First Deputy and Acting Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation. On the same day, in his television, President Yeltsin called him his successor. On August 16, 1999, he was approved as the Chairman of the Government with 233 votes of deputies of the State Duma (84 against and 17 abstained).
Putin's appointment by Prime Minister coincided with the beginning of the large-scale operation of the federal forces against the militants who invaded Dagestan in Dagestan. Putin headed this operation, performing as an energetic organizer. By September 15, the militants were completely expelled outside Dagestan.
According to the historian A. Barsenkova, Vladimir Putin acted as a person, "able to morally and psychologically uniting Russians who began to tie with the young prime minister of hope for the restoration of stability, order and gradual improvement in life." The success of the new political movement "Unity" was indicated about the growth of Putin's popularity, which, according to the election in the State Duma, scored 23.3% of the votes, taking second place.
On December 30, 1999, the program article of Putin "Russia at the turn of the Millennium" was published in a number of Russian publications, in which he outlined his understanding of the past and about the upcoming tasks faces. According to Putin, Russia needs strong state power and consolidation of society. Referring to economic problems, he declared the need for policies aimed at combating poverty, ensuring the growth of the welfare of the population and improving the efficiency of the Russian economy.

First and second presidential dates (2000-2008)

On December 31, 1999, in connection with the early care of Yeltsin, Putin becomes the acting president of the Russian Federation. At 11 am, in the office of the President of Russia in the Kremlin, Yeltsin in the presence of the Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia, Alexy II handed over to Putin's powers. At the same time, Putin received an Orthodox blessing from Patriarch for the coming work on the management of the country. At 12 o'clock in the afternoon, unruly interrupted the air, the TV channels broadcast the New Year's appeal of Yeltsin, in which he reported his resignation and appointment of the successor. On the same day, Putin was transferred to the symbols of presidential power, including the "nuclear suitcase". The first state act signed by Putin at the post and. about. The President of the Russian Federation became a decree "On guarantees to the President of the Russian Federation, which ceased to fulfill its powers, and his family members." The decree provided for the former Russian presidents (at that time there was only Yeltsin) guarantees of inviolability.

From March 26, 2000, the elected president of Russia. Entered the post on May 7, 2000.
In May 2000, I was appointed Mikhail Kasyanov's chairman of the Russian government.
On February 24, 2004, Kasyanov's resign was dismissed, calling his work as a whole satisfactory. Mikhail Fradkov became the new chairman of the government.
March 14, 2004 elected president of the Russian Federation for a second term. Entered the post on May 7, 2004.
On September 12, 2007, the Government of Fradkov was resigned by appointing the head of the government of Viktor Zubkov.
On May 7, 2008, he passed the authority to the elected president, the former chapter of his administration to Dmitry Medvedev. A few days before, Putin took 2nd place in the Time list "100 of the most influential people of the world."

Domestic politics

The first large reform in the constitutional-political system of the country was implemented in August 2000 the change in the procedure for the formation of the Federation Council, as a result of which the governors and heads of the legislative authorities of the regions were implemented, before the ex-members of the Federal SF, were replaced by the designated representatives; The latter should work in the SF on a constant and professional basis (at the same time one of them appoints the governor, and the second is the legislative body of the region). As some compensation, the deliberative bodies were created as a lobbying governors - the State Council.
A few days after the terrorist act in Beslan, in September 2004, Putin announced its intention to cancel the election of heads of regions, motivating this step to enhance the fight against terrorism. According to one of the surveys of the WTCIOM, this was implemented contrary to the opinion of 48% of respondents. A transition to the election of deputies of the State Duma was also carried out exclusively on party lists. The territorial representation in the State Duma was abolished, half of the members of the Federation Council began to be appointed by the governors, in turn, appointed by the president.

In December 2003, on the results of elections to the State Duma, most seats received the Proprepsive Party "United Russia" (while Boris Gryzlov became the chairman of the State Duma). The second, third and fourth place occupied the Communist Party of the Communist Party, LDPR and the "Motherland" block, respectively. Having won the election and taking into its composition most of the independent deputies passed on single-member districts, all deputies from the People's Party and the "Definitions" from other parties, "United Russia" received a constitutional majority, which allowed her to confidently overcome the resistance of opposition parties to the voting.
In the spring of 2005, a law on elections to the State Duma was adopted exclusively on party lists. The State Duma then adopted the amendments to federal legislation, allowing the party that won the elections to the Regional Parliament to propose to the President of Russia its candidacy for the governor's post. In the overwhelming majority of regions, this right belonged to United Russia. Mass character accepted the process of entry into the governors in the batch of power. At the beginning of 2007, 70 from 86 leaders of Russian regions were members of the party. Members of United Russia were also top managers of large industrial enterprises, heads of state universities and their structural units, top officials of federal and regional authorities.

For the personnel policy of the Presidential Administration, at Putin, it was characterized by appointing to the responsible posts of numerous former fellow costers of Putin on the university, colleagues on the GDR and in the special services, colleagues in the former Leningrad - and in general, representatives of the Petersburg team.
In February 2006, the Deputy Head of the Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation Vladislav Surkov was put forward by the concept of sovereign democracy, which in the interpretation of its author is that the president's policy should, first of all, to enjoy the support of the majority of the population in Russia itself; Such support of the majority is the main principle of a democratic society.

Second Chechen War

In 1999, after the renewal of the active armed phase of the fight against Chechen separatism, several terrorist acts were carried out in Russia, which led to mass human victims (see those of residential buildings in Russia).
On September 30, 1999, Putin, in an interview with journalists, promised that there would be no new Chechen war. He also stated that "combat operations are already going, our troops entered the territory of Chechnya repeatedly, two weeks ago they held dominant heights, they freed them and so on." As Putin said, "you need to gain patience and make this work - to completely clean the territory from the terrorists. If this work is not done today, they will return, and all the suffered sacrifices will be in vain. " On the same day, the tank divisions of the Russian army on the part of the Stavropol Territory and Dagestan entered the territory of the Nursky and the Shelkovsky regions of Chechnya.

On October 23, 2002, the Chechen terrorists were captured by the viewers (about 800 people) the Musical "Nord-Ost" in the building of the theater center on Dubrovka (Moscow). After 4 days after the capture of Nord-Ost, an operation was carried out using special gases to sleep terrorists. As a result of the operation for the release of hostages, all the terrorists were destroyed and most of the hostages were liberated. Died from 130 (official data) to 174 (according to the statement of the Nord-Ost public organization).
On October 27, 2002, the chief doctor of Moscow Andrei Seltsovsky said, speaking about the gas applied during the assault, which "in its pure form from the use of such specials does not die." According to Sertsha, the impact of special gas only complicated a number of destructive factors undergoing hostages under the conditions created by terrorists (stressful situation, hypodynamia, lack of meals, etc.). In addition, two hostages died from gunshot wounds. The authorities refused to disclose the composition of the gas, stating that "this information relate to state secrets." Some former hostages and relatives of the victims later put forward claims to the authorities concerning the course of negotiations, transactions for exemption, assistance and investigation and a number of other circumstances; The authorities were charged with the fact that they were not concerned about the security of hostages, but they took all measures to conceal the true circumstances of the operations and the death of people.

The Regional Public Organization "Nord-Ost" filed on Putin to the court, accusing him to lies, but the Russian courts did not accept.
In 2003, the explosions were followed by the 1st Tver-Yamskaya Street in Moscow and at the Rock Festival "Wings" in Tushino (Moscow).
On February 6, 2004, an explosion occurred in the Moscow metro. 43 people died. On May 9, a bomb exploded in Grozny at Dynamo Stadium, as a result of which the President of the Chechen Republic Ahmat Kadyrov was killed.
The terrorist attacks continued with an attack on June 22 at the Ingush cities of Nazran and Karabulak, the explosions of two aircraft "Tu-154" and "Tu-134" on August 24, an explosion at the Riga metro station in Moscow on August 31.
On September 1, 2004, Chechen terrorists were captured by School No. 1 in Beslan. As a result of the events associated with this seizure, 331 people died, including 318 hostages, of which 186 are children. 728 hostages and residents of Beslan were injured, as well as 55 special forces of the FSB, police and servicemen.
In 2010, after the period of the clutch in Moscow, the terrorist acts, who had Caucasian trail once again occurred: March 29, suicide bombers undermined themselves at the Lubyanka metro station and Park of Culture, as a result of which 88 people were killed and injured.
On January 24, 2011, there was a terrorist act at Domodedovo Airport, the victims of which were 37 people, another 173 were injured.
In October and December 2013, a series of terrorist acts in Volgograd occurred with the participation of suicide bombers, the traces of which led to the BDPDPLA in the North Caucasus.

Judicial reform

In 2000, Putin created a working group on improving legislation in the forensic sphere. Next year, Putin signed several key laws aimed at reforming the judicial system, the most important of which: "On the status of judges in the Russian Federation", "On the judicial system of the Russian Federation", "On the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation" and "On advocacy and lawyer in RF. "
In December 2001, Putin signed a new Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation. The new UPC had a number of fundamental differences from the old, in particular, giving additional rights to the accused and victims. So, all participants in the trial were combined into two groups - indictment and protective. According to the new Code, search, detention and arrest of the suspect in the commission of any crime can be carried out only with the sanction of the court, and the criminal case can be initiated only with the sanction of the prosecutor. In court of the accused they were able to defend not only lawyers, but also other persons, in particular, relatives of the accused.

In July 2002, Putin signed the Arbitration Procedure Code of the Russian Federation. On November 14 of the same year, Putin signed the Civil Procedure Code of the Russian Federation. According to the Code, the consideration of disputes between companies was now only within the competence of the Arbitration Court. Thus, the new law eliminated the possibility of "double" judicial practice on economic disputes, that is, it became impossible to consider economic disputes at the same time in the courts of general jurisdiction and in arbitration courts on the same affairs. It was also clearly defined by the jurisdiction of civil cases to the courts of general jurisdiction.
In June 2007, Putin signed the law on the creation of the Investigative Committee in the Prosecutor's Office, thus the investigators were actually separated from the prosecution authorities. Later, the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation was fully allocated from the Prosecutor's Office in an independent Federal Office.
On June 21, 2013, Putin proposed to unite the Supreme and Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation, which requires amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

During Putin's presidency, he was accused of suppressing independent media. In particular, it was associated with him. The cases of NTV and TV-6, the closure of the TVS, the closure of independent newspapers or shifts of their owners. During Putin's presidency, several journalists were killed, and Russia in the "Rating of Freightness" of the Organization without Borders' ranking as of 2008 was 144th place among 173 countries involved in the ranking.
Vladimir Pozner draws attention that during Putin's presidency, no one was put to jail from journalists.
By the third presidential term of Putin, in January 2013, Russia in the ranking of the Freedom of the Press, compiled by the International Organization "Reporters Without Borders", fell on the 148th place from 179 included in the list of countries. The main reasons for this are the obstruction of the objective coverage of the demonstrations of the opposition, the tightening of the deficiency law and the creation of a black list of Internet sites.

On April 8, 2013, he signed a law on liability for the publication of obscene break in the media, which allows to close the media for the repeated use of abnormative vocabulary. In the Union of Journalists of Russia, the law was characterized as "the death penalty for the media."
In December 2013, the Chairman of the Public Chamber of the Moscow Region Pavel Gusev was forced to leave his post due to the publication in the "MK" Article A.Minkina "Gracious Sovereign", dedicated to Putin's pussy of a businessman Mikhail Khodorkovsky. The article was removed from the site of the newspaper, but became the hit of the Runet.

Education of youth organizations supporting Putin's Policy
During Putin's presidency, a number of youth organizations were created, the key points of the programs of which are to preserve the sovereignty and integrity of Russia, the implementation of the country's modernization and the formation of a current civil society. Putin regularly met during his presidency with the organization "Ours." Some of these youth organizations caused sharp criticism from the press and political opposition.

The situation of national minorities

According to Vladimir Lukin, authorized on the rights of Human RF rights in the Russian Federation, there is an increase in chauvinism and racism to Putin's presidency, which critics, including the Public Committee for the Protection of Freedom of Conscience (under the leadership of Yakunin Gleb), put in the guilt of power, accusing it in connivance Propaganda violence and hatred for national minorities, LGBT minorities and individual groups of people.
In 2007, Putin signed the 309th law, who oversaw in secondary schools, the regional component of education, which included the teaching of the second state languages \u200b\u200bof some national republics in obligatory for all schoolchildren of these republics.

The death of the submarine "Kursk"
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The death of the submarine caused criticism not only in the address of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, but also to the president himself. On August 12, 2000, the explosions occurred on board the submarine, under which 118 people died. There are assumptions that several people may have survived after the explosion and tried to call for help. Rescuers failed to rescue sailors from the sunken submarine, and they died. Official sources did not immediately report a catastrophe. Rescue operation began only after a day: August 13 at 18.30 Moscow time. According to the "New Gazeta", a long time, the command of the Navy refused foreign aid, assuring that in a sentence to cope with their own. Vladimir Putin gave the command of the Navy to attract foreign assistance only after four days after the catastrophe, August 16, 2000.
On August 14, Putin gave an indication of the investigation of the causes of the death of Kursk, for which a government commission was created led by the Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation I. I. Klebanov.
Following the investigation of the causes of the death of Kursk, 15 admirals and officers of the Northern Fleet and Chief Commander of the Navy, including the commander of the Northern Fleet, Vyacheslav Popov, were removed from their posts.

Economic development

Summing up the economic results of Putin's stay as President of Russia (2000-2008), The Wall Street Journal wrote: "The economy not only returned to themselves all positions lost in the 1990s, but also created a viable services sector that practically did not exist in the Soviet period. In Russia, the third largest volume of China and Japan has accumulated. The chairman of the People's Republic of China, Hu Jintao in 2007, was noted: "In recent years, under the leadership of Putin's president in social and political stability, the country's economy is developing rapidly. The life of the population is improving every day. " The chief economist of the World Bank in Russia in March 2008 stated that Russia against the background of a slowdown in the growth rate of the global economy shows good results. As the economist noted, Russia can be considered one of the islands of economic stability in the world, which reflects the quality of macroeconomic policies, the growth of domestic demand, accumulated gold and foreign exchange reserves and the stabilization fund.

In the economy of Russia, GDP growth was noted (in 2000 - 10%, in 2001 - 5.7%, in 2002 - 4.9%, in 2003 - 7.3%, in 2004 - 7.2%, in 2005 - 6, 4%, in 2006 - 7.7%, in 2007 - 8.1%, in 2008 - 5.6%), industrial and agricultural production, construction, real incomes of the population. There was a decrease in the population living below the poverty level (from 29% in 2000 to 18% in 2004), an increase in consumer lending volumes (for 2000-2006 an increase in 45 times). From 1999 to 2007, the manufacturing industry index manufacturing increased by 77%, including the production of machinery and equipment - by 91%, textile and sewing production - by 46%, food production - by 64%.
The human development index in Russia increased from 0.691 (2000) to 0.725 (2005), thus, according to this indicator, Russia entered the list of countries with a high level of human development. At the same time, according to the results of international comparisons, Russia has dropped from 57th place (2004 report) to 67 (2007 report, data for 2005). From 1999 to 2007, the average life expectancy of the population of Russia increased from 65.9 to 67.5 years.

In the 1990s, the taxation level in Russia was overestimated and unacceptable for economic entities, despite the continuous tightening of tax legislation, a significant part of the economy was the shadow sector, the company and enterprises continued to massively evade taxes, including by the so-called "tax optimization" The payment of the salary "in envelopes" was actively practiced. In 2000, Putin signed a number of laws that were amended to tax legislation. In 2001, a flat scale of income tax from individuals was established at 13%, while Putin stipulated that such a measure would act only 10 years. In addition, the income tax rate was reduced to 24%, a regressive scale of a single social tax was introduced, revived taxes and sales tax were canceled, the total number of taxes were reduced by 3.6 times (from 54 to 15). The system of taxation of the commodity sector was also radically changed: a mini mechanism of export duties was carried out and a mineral extraction tax was introduced, which made it possible to increase the proportion of oil and gas rentally captured by the state budget, with less than 40% in 2000 to 84% in 2005. In 2006, Deputy Minister of Finance of the Russian Federation Sergei Shatalov said that for the period of tax reform, the tax burden decreased from 34-35% to 27.5%, and the tax burden was redistributed to the oil sector. Tax reform also contributed to an increase in tax collecting and stimulated economic growth. Tax reform is estimated by experts as one of Putin's most serious success.

In October 2001, Putin signed a new land code of the Russian Federation, which secured the ownership of land (except for the land of the agriculture) and determined the mechanism of its sale. In July of the next year, Putin was signed by the Federal Law "On the Turnover of Agricultural Land", which authorized buying and selling agricultural land.
In the Message to the Federal Assembly, in early 2001, Putin noted that the current code of labor laws adopted in 1971, archaic and does not meet modern requirements, stimulating shadow labor relations. At the end of 2001, Putin signed a new Labor Code, which entered into force on February 1 of the following year. According to the economic expert group, the new code has led labor legislation "in line with the requirements of a market economy" and provided "more efficient use and improving the mobility of labor resources."
A number of other socio-economic reforms were conducted: Pension (2002), banking (2001-2004), monetization of benefits (2005), electric power industry and railway transport.
In the Presidential Message to the Federal Assembly in 2003, Putin set the task to achieve the convertibility of the Russian ruble on current and capital operations. By July 1, 2006, this task was completed.

In May 2003, in a budget message, the Federal Assembly Putin set the task of creating a Stabilization Fund of the Russian Federation. On January 1, 2004, STAGFOND was formed. The main purpose of the Fund's creation was to ensure the stability of the country's economic development.
In 2005, Putin announced the beginning of the implementation of four priority national projects in the socio-economic sector: "Health", "Education", "Housing" and "Development of the APK". In January 2008, Putin stated that national projects are more effective than other government programs. In his opinion, such a result was achieved thanks to the concentration of administrative and political resources.
In the Presidential Message to the Federal Assembly in 2006, Putin announced measures to stimulate fertility in Russia: an increase in childhood benefits, the introduction of "maternal capital", etc.
In the Presidential Message to the Federal Assembly in 2007, Putin identified Nanotechnology as one of the priorities of the development of science and technology and proposed to establish the Russian Nanotechnology Corporation, which was done in July 2007.
There was a significant increase in foreign investment in Russia: from $ 11 billion in 2000 to 115 billion dollars in 2010. Capital outflow from Russia, which at an average of 10-20 billion dollars in the 1990s, was replaced by his influx and amounted to a record 81 billion US dollars in 2007.
In February 2008, experts surveyed by RBC Daily have positively assessed the results of the eight-year development of the economy under Putin.
According to the US State Department, the Russian economy has grown in 1999-2008 due to the devaluation of the ruble, the implementation of key economic reforms (tax, banking, labor and land), tough fiscal policy, as well as favorable commodity prices.

American professor who previously studied the economy of the USSR, Marshall Goldman in early 2008 for the characteristics of the economic model built at Putin, created the term "Petrostate" ("Oil Station"): Petrostate: Putin, Power, and The New Russia. In his book, the professor argued that Putin's chief personal contribution to economic policy was to create "National Champions" (large-controlled by the state of companies) and the renationalization of the main energy assets, which was the creation of a new class of oligarchs, which he calls "Salkarham" (from the term "Silovik").
In December 2008, the economist Anders Aslund said that the main project of Putin was "the development of huge, non-configured state mastodonts, called" national champions "" and that the latter "strangled the large sectors of the economy through their inertia and corruption, while preventing diversification." From 2001 to 2004, the share of small enterprises in the Russian GDP doubled, and in 2007 their number exceeded one million. The share of small and medium-sized enterprises in the production of Russian GDP as of 2009 - 21%.
Speaking on March 2, 2009 at the Strategy-2020 Forum, First Deputy Head of the Presidential Administration Vladislav Surkov, speaking of a deep recession, in which Russia entered at the end of 2008 and the origins of the growth preceding it, said: "<…> When I say that America is to blame for everything, I want to remind you that our economic growth is derived from that bubble, which Americans inflated. We did not deserve this growth. "

The American magazine Time called President Putin by the 2007 man. Thus, the Russian leader acted among other applicants for the former US vice-president Albert Mount. "Putin showed exceptional skill in the leadership of the country, which he accepted in the state of Chaos and led to stability," said the responsible secretary of Times magazine Richard Stengal.
By the beginning of Putin's presidential powers in 2000, 30% of Russian citizens lived per poverty line, by 2013 the share of the poverty living below the poverty line decreased to 11.2%. The fight against poverty in March 2013 proclaimed one of the principles. Against this background, the indexation of pensions, produced in April 2013 (an average of 300 rubles), caused dissatisfaction with pensioners. Thus, from the Chelyabinsk region, older women sent Putin's payments to a pension with the wish "not to refuse themselves", the Radio "Freedom", the Liberty newspaper, a number of news agencies and Internet media reported on this resonance event.
March 29, 2013 signed a decree on the establishment of the title of the hero of the Russian Federation.
In April 2013, Putin acknowledged that the situation in the Russian economy, despite the high energy prices, deteriorates: the investment activity and export volumes are reduced, unemployment and volume of capital outflow are growing. A heavy burden on the state budget was the powerful flood in the Far East began in the summer, with a disaster of this scale, Putin said, Russia never faced in his story.

On April 15, 2013, the associate and friend Putin, the former Minister of Finance of the Russian Federation, Alexey Kudrin, acknowledged that the Russian authorities were seriously late with economic reforms.
On November 6, 2013, it became known that Putin increased the salary of the State Duma deputies up to 400 thousand rubles per month.
Commenting on Putin's message to the Federal Assembly in December 2013, the German magazine Der Spiegel notes that the Russian society entered the stagnation phase, and many "to the mind are analogies with the crisis of Soviet society at the Board of the Secretary General Leonid Brezhnev."

Fighting corruption and assessment of its level

By 1999, the latter of Yeltsin's presidency, Russia was one of the most corrupt countries of the world. In the ranking of the International Agency Transparency International for 1999, Russia divided into the perception index of corruption, with Ecuador 82-83-E-of 99 of the considered countries.
In 2000, Russia joined a number of international agreements to combat corruption. So, at the end of 2005, Putin made a federal law on ratification of the UN Convention against Corruption of October 31, 2003. In March 2006, he signed this law, and thus the convention was ratified. The Convention creates the basis for the interaction of law enforcement agencies of various states in the fight against corruption, and also establishes a number of standards in anti-corruption policies. In July 2006, Putin signed the Federal Law on the ratification of the Council of Europe Convention on Criminal Responsibility for Corruption.

In the first years of Putin's presidency, the perception index of corruption (IRC), calculated by the International Transparency International Agency, grew up (the higher this index, the less corruption in terms of domestic and foreign experts). So, if in 2000 it was 2.1 points, then in 2002 - 2.7 points, in 2004 - 2.8 points. Then there was a decrease in the IVC, which by 2007 dropped to 2.3 points. In 2008-2010, he fluctuated in the range of 2.1-2.2 points. And in 2011 it rose to 2.4 points. According to data published in September 2007, in the Corruption Corruption Index over the last year of Putin's reign, as president, shifted by the end of the list by 17 points (143rd place in the world). In the CIS, according to the agency, the situation with corruption was only in Azerbaijan and all Central Asia. In 2010, in the index of the perception of corruption, Russia fell to 154th place in the world. In 2011, Russia rose to 143 places. This index does not reflect the level of corruption in objective values \u200b\u200b(for example, the volume of corruption funds). It is criticized for the tendency selection of experts, as well as for what can be a self-fulfilling prophecy.
According to surveys conducted by the Institute for National Economic Prediction of the Russian Academy of Sciences (INP RAS), corruption pressure on Russian enterprises in the 2000s decreased compared with its level in the 1990s.
It is believed that during Putin's presidency, the level of corruption has grown compared with the time of the Board of Yeltsin. According to the study of the India Fund, for 2001-2005. The volume of corruption in the field of relations of power and business has increased almost 10 times (from 33.5 to $ 316 billion, which exceeds the costs of the federal budget of Russia in 2005), household corruption - increased 4 times, and the average bribe increased from 10.2 thousand dollars to 135.8 thousand dollars over the same period.

In February 2008, the ATP Party B. Nemtsov Party and the former Deputy Minister of Energy of Russia V. Milov published a report "Putin. Results, "where they argued that one of the most negative results of Putin's presidency was a significant increase in the level of corruption. This topic was developed in several more reports: "Putin. Results. 10 years "(published by the movement" Solidarity "in June 2010) and" Putin. Corruption "(published by the Party of People's Freedom in March 2011, among the authors also - politician V. Ryzhkov). In August 2012, B. Martzov in collaboration with L. Martyunyuk presented a report "Life of a slave on galleries. Palaces, yachts, cars, airplanes and other accessories. "
According to Rosstat, the number of registered crimes of the "Bribery" category has grown from 7 thousand in 2000 to 13.1 thousand in 2009. However, it began to reduce their number, and by 2011 it fell to 11.0 thousand in 2012 decline continued.
Some Western entrepreneurs claimed that they had difficulty doing business in Russia due to a number of legislative restrictions and actions of officials. According to Sergey Mitrohina, in the second term of Putin's presidency, the topic of "state raidness" was relevant.
On the other hand, there are also opposite statements: for example, the president and chief executive officer of the American transnational company Cisco Systems John Chembers said in early 2012: Currently, it is much easier to do business in the UK, Canada, Russia - about which I never thought What I say, - or China.

According to the Novaya Gazeta, the investigation of corruption in the 1990s, including the prosecution of the embezzlement of the Tranche (loan) of the IMF in August 1998 (4.782 billion dollars), was not made, and international investigations are sabotage. In particular, according to critics, it was manifested in how the Russian leadership actively acted in 2001 in defense of the former Kremlin managed by Pavel Borodin, accused of justice of the United States and Switzerland in money laundering and all sorts of fraud.
In March 2011, Putin declared the need to introduce a norm obliging state-owned states to report on their expenses. The relevant law ("On control over the compliance of the costs of persons who replace state positions and other persons of their income") was signed by Putin in early December 2012.
According to the study of the British audit company Ernst & Young, in the spring of 2012, for 2011, corruption risks in Russia decreased significantly and in many of the parameters were below the average level. Over 1500 top managers of the largest companies from 43 countries of the world participated in the Ernst & Young study. So, if in 2011, 39% of the managers responded in Russia declared the need to give bribes in cash to protect business or achieve corporate benefits, then in 2012 there were 16%.
In April 2013, the State Duma of the Russian Federation adopted by Putin, prohibiting officials, deputies, judges, staff of power structures to have bank accounts and financial assets abroad; Real estate abroad is permitted, but it must necessarily declared.

Foreign policy

In June 2000, Putin decree approved the "Concept of Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation". According to this document, the main goals of the country's foreign policy are: ensuring the reliable security of the country, the impact on global processes in order to form a stable, fair and democratic world order, the creation of favorable external conditions for the progressive development of Russia, the formation of a belt of good neighborliness around the perimeter of Russian borders, the search for consent and The coincident interests with foreign countries and interstate associations in the process of solving the tasks defined by the national priorities of Russia, the protection of the rights and interests of Russian citizens and compatriots abroad, promoting the positive perception of the Russian Federation in the world.

In 2000-2007, Putin took part in the group of eight summits ("G8) on Okinawa (Japan, 2000), Genoa (Italy, 2001), Kanaanskis (Canada, 2002), Evian (France, 2003), Si Island (USA, 2004), Gleenigls (United Kingdom, 2005) St. Petersburg (Russia, 2006) and Hiligendamma (Germany, 2007). On September 6-8, 2000, Putin participated in the Millennium Summit (the official name "UN in the XXI century") in New York. In June 2001, Putin met the first time with US President George Bush (younger) in the Ljubljana congestion.
During the presidential elections in Ukraine in the late 2004, the Russian authorities supported Viktor Yanukovych - a candidate from the Party of Ukraine, who spent for economic cooperation with Russia within the framework of a single economic space (SES) and giving the Russian status of the second state.
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October 14, 2004, during the visit to Beijing, Putin signed an agreement on the transfer of the PRC of Tarabarov Island and Half-Bolshesky Ussuri Islands (only 337 km²); At the same time, the process of demarcation of the border in this controversial area was launched. The territory of the controversial islands was divided between the two countries.

On April 25, 2005, Putin called the USSR collapse of the largest geopolitical catastrophe of the 20th century to the Federal Assembly of the USSR and encouraged society to consolidate in the establishment of new democratic Russia. On May 92005, during the celebrations on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War, Putin and other world leaders called for the fight against the "Nazis of the XXI century" - terrorism and thanked the winners of fascism. In September 2005, Putin participated in the anniversary celebrations on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the UN. In 2006, Russia presided over the "G8" group ("G8"). On June 7, 2007, Putin signed the Federal Law No. 99 "On ratifying an agreement between the States parties to the North Atlantic Treaty and other states involved in the Partnership for Peace Program, about the status of the forces of June 19, 1995 and the Additional Protocol to Him, which some found "opening borders for NATO soldiers." A number of figures and organizations put Putin's guilt, in their opinion, the weakening of the geopolitical positions of Russia, the transfer of half of the controversial islands in China, the low rates of modernization of the army, the closing of military bases in Cuba and Vouvenam.
In 2010, the article in the German newspaper Sueddeutsche Zeitung, timed to participate in the annual Economic Forum, proposed Europe to create an economic alliance on the territory from Vladivostok to Lisbon. As steps to the creation of the Alliance, the possible unification of customs tariffs and technical regulation was indicated, the cancellation of the visa regime with the EU.
On April 1, 2013, with the aim of broader socio-cultural cooperation with foreign countries, he instructed to work at the federal level to make the philosopher Immanuel Kant with a symbol of the Kaliningrad region. The decision motivated by the fact that the treatise of Kant "To the Eternal Mire" was the first attempt to justify the association of Europe after a seven-year war, and the philosopher's figure is symbolic for all of Europe.

In August 2013, Russian-American relations, according to experts, reached the lowest point since the end of the Cold War era. The September visit of US President Obama to Moscow and his negotiations with Putin were canceled due to the provision of temporary asylum in the Russian Federation to the CIA, Edward Snowden, disagreements in Syria and human rights issues in Russia.
On September 11, 2013, Putin's article "Russia calls for caution" was published in The New York Times newspaper. In it, the President of Russia also warns about the danger of the thesis of the President of the US President Barack Obama "On the exclusiveness of the American nation". The article caused an ambiguous reaction of the world community.
In 2013, Putin took the first place in the annual rating of the "most influential people of the world" forbes magazine. According to the compilers of the rating, Putin earned the first place, as in 2013 he showed himself as a "dictator actively demonstrating strength in his own country and in the international arena."

The world press has repeatedly noted special friendly and informal relationships, connecting Putin from Silvio Berlusconi, three times held the post of Prime Minister Italy. Back in 2010, Berlusconi received a reputation as "Putin's Ambassador" in Europe, while LE MONDE newspaper celebrated the interweaving of the friendly and commercial interests of Putin and Berlusconi, which, in particular, was reflected in the conclusion of Russian-Italian gas contracts. It was indicated that both prime ministers are not only directly related to each other, but also control the most important resources of their national economies; At the same time, the use of resources Putin and Berlusconi "are guided not only by considerations of profitability and commerce." Speaking about Putin's political influence on Berlusconi, the Russian Bi-Bi service quoted American diplomatic dispatch published by WikiLeaks. The document claimed that Berlusconi to the prime minister was easily inferior to Russia in matters of great politics, tried "at any cost to be in the grace of Putin and often expressed his opinions, directly prompted by Putin." It was also mentioned that Berlusconi implies the "Magistic, Volve and authoritarian style of Putin", and the indispensable attribute of the meeting of Silvio and Vladimir is the exchange of valuable gifts. In November 2013, when Berlusconi was resigned and convicted by the Italian court, Putin, who was in Rome with a state visit, visited the old friend in his house in private, and did it before meeting with the current Prime Minister E. Lteta.

Military Aspects of Foreign Policy

Adoption in 2002 in NATO, contrary to the diplomatic efforts of Russia, seven Eastern European countries, including Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, Putin perceived, according to Vedomosti, as a "personal betrayal" by US President J. Bush and Prime Minister UK Tony Blair, whom Putin by that time considered her friends and with whom he had stiguously established partnerships. In the memoirs Blair, Putin's reaction to the extension of NATO is characterized as a resentment: "Vladimir came to the conclusion that Americans do not dismiss him the place he deserves." After 12 years, in the Crimean speech, Putin noted: "Once again, they cheated once again, made decisions for our back, put in front of a favorable fact. So it was with the expansion of NATO east, with the placement of military infrastructure from our borders. We all told the same time: "Well, it does not concern you."
According to Putin's assessment, this at a press conference in the CMT on December 20, 2012, Russian-American relations deteriorated after the invasion of US troops in Iraq in 2003 and disagreements arising in this soil. From the second half of the 2000s in public speeches, including at the International Forum in Munich, Putin expressed dissatisfaction with the military aspects of American foreign policy and showed concerns about the "no restrained, hypertrophied use of force" and imposing the United States of its vision of the world order to other states . At the Munich Security Policy Conference on February 10, 2007, Putin formulated objections to the placement of American military personnel and elements of the American missile defense system in Eastern Europe, in Poland and the Czech Republic, as well as relative to the militarization of space. Despite Putin's protests, to suspend American plans for deploying about nearby from the borders of Russia in subsequent years failed. The placement of the American system of pro in Eastern Europe, according to Putin, threatens to reset the Russian rocket and nuclear potential, which requires response. In February 2012, as a response, the Kaliningrad region began preparations for the placement of missile complexes "Iskander" 9k720, equipped with ballistic missiles of a small radius of action (up to 500 km). These rockets are able to fly to Polish motomicenits (in the southern direction), and in the west direction - to Czech, and to Berlin.

On February 15, 2007, Putin adopted an unexpected decision on the appointment by the Minister of Defense of the Russian Civil Officer, for the first time in the history of Soviet and Russian armed forces. Admitting Anatoly Serdyukov, Putin explained that in the conditions of the implementation of the program of development and re-equipment of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation related to the expenditure of huge budget funds, "you need a person with experience in the field of economics and finance."
At the end of 2006 - early 2007, Putin agreed and approved a plan of a force answer in case of the invasion of Georgia to South Ossetia. On August 7 and 8, 2008, D. Medvedev and V.Putin decided to make a joint decision on the beginning of the military operation for the coercion of Georgia to the world.
The new crack in Russian-American relations arose in early 2011, when Prime Minister Putin compared the West military operation in Libya with a cross campaign. At the same time, Putin criticized the UN Security Council resolution on Libya (with voting on which Russia abstained, but did not use the veto), calling it "defective and flawed". In the press, then information about the disagreements between Putin's Premier and President Medvedev on the key military-political issue, and the position of Russia was characterized as "ambiguous". On February 4, 2012, in the voting in the UN Security Council of this resolution on Syria, Russia used the right of veto.
On November 6, 2012, Putin appointed Sergey Shoigu defense minister. When appointed, explained that a new minister of defense should be a person who "will be able to ensure the fulfillment of state defense order and ambitious plans for re-equipment of the army."

In February-March 2013, large-scale teachings were held twice by order of Putin in order to suddly check the combat readiness and combat capability of troops. First on land, in order to verify the troops deployed in the territory of the Central and Western Military Districts. Then the teachings were carried out on the Black Sea, Putin watched their move at the site of events. More than 7,100 servicemen were involved, about 30 ships based in Sevastopol and Novorossiysk, up to 250 armored cars, more than 50 artillery guns, more than 20 combat aircraft and helicopters, fast deployment troops, Airborne Forces and maritime infantry, Special Forces - Special Forces GRUCH Staff RF . The press secretary of the Supreme Commander is announced that the practice of sudden checks will actively continue. Western states on conducting exercises were not notified in advance. July 12, 2013 issued an order to conduct a large-scale inspection of combat readiness in the troops of the Eastern Military District. This check has become the largest since 1991. 80 thousand servicemen participated in the exercises, about 1 thousand tanks and combat armored vehicles, 130 aircraft and helicopters of far, military transport, fighter, bomber and army aircraft, as well as 70 ships and vessels of the Navy.
In July 2014, during the visit of Putin to Cuba, the Kommersant newspaper, with reference to several sources in the power structures of the Russian Federation, it was reported to achieve agreement on the return of the radio electronic center in Lourdes of Russia and the resumption of its activities. On July 17, Putin denied this information, emphasizing that Russia's defense capability can be provided without the center in Lourdes.

At the head of the Government of the Russian Federation (2008-2012)

On May 8, 2008, the day after the inauguration of Dmitry Medvedev, Putin's candidacy was approved by the Duma for the post of chairman of the Russian government, and a decree was signed on his appointment. On May 12, Putin announced the composition of his new government.
A number of executives from the Presidential Administration - Igor Shuvalov, Igor Sechin, Sergey Sobyanin became deputy deputies as Chairman of the Government.
On May 27, 2008, Chairman of the Supreme State Council of the Union State of Belarus and Russia, Alexander Lukashenko, appointed Putin by the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Union State.
In mid-2008, Putin announced the need to create an international financial center in Russia (MFC), for which, in his opinion, it is necessary to carry out significant changes in a number of areas to improve the financial system of the country. A year later, Putin signed a decree who approved a detailed action plan for the formation of MFC, after that, the active implementation of this plan began. The project for the creation of the IFC, along with the modernization of the economy, has become one of the key state tasks.
Since 2009, Putin began to perform for closer economic integration with Kazakhstan and Belarus, the consequence of which was the Claimable Union of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia. In the process of creating the Customs Union, a number of documents on the image and similarity of the EU were adopted, which removed trade barriers that existed earlier between countries. Removing trade barriers stimulates business development and allows you to restore production chains, torn after the collapse of the USSR. In August 2011, a more ambitious task was set at the meeting of the heads of governments of the three countries of the Customs Union - by 2013 to transform the organization to the Eurasian Economic Union. Putin stated after the meeting: "This event is truly a huge interstate and geopolitical meaning. For the first time after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the first real step was made to restore natural economic and trade relations in the post-Soviet space. "

In October 2011, the heads of governments of Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Armenia, Moldova, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan signed an agreement on the establishment of a free trade zone. On the day of signing the contract, Putin said: "The adoption of the contract will allow to remove many barriers and make a new qualitative step towards the development of our economies. Creating a free trade zone means that by whole groups of goods we will cancel export and import duties. "
On April 8, 2010, Putin reported that until 2012, the state will allocate at least 38 billion rubles to support scientific research in universities.
In November 2010, Putin took the 4th place in the ranking of the most influential people of the world, compiled by the American Forbes magazine. In November 2011, Putin occupied the 2nd place in the similar rating of Forbes. The main achievement of Putin in 2011, the magazine called the idea of \u200b\u200bcreating by 2015 the Eurasian Union between Russia and a number of republics of the post-Soviet space, including Kazakhstan, Belarus and Ukraine.
On September 24, 2011, Putin at the congress of the United Russia party in Moscow agreed with gratitude to run into the presidents of the country in elections on March 4, 2012. The gathered standing was welcomed by the candidate with ovation. Putin expressed the hope that after his victory in the presidential election, the Government of Russia will be headed by the current President of the Russian Federation Dmitry Medvedev.
On February 19, 2013, initiated the creation of a single textbook on Russia's history for high school, the chronology of which will be completed in 2000. According to April 2013, Putin conducted many hours of "straight lines", responding to television for issues of citizens of Russia.

Economic crisis 2008-2010

According to the World Bank, the 2008 Russian crisis "began as a private sector crisis, provoked by excessive borrowing of the private sector in conditions of deep triple shock: from the conditions of foreign trade, outflow of capital and tightening the conditions of external borrowing."
The reduced trend in the Russian stock market, which began at the end of May 2008, passed into the collapse of quotations at the end of July of the same year, as a result, as some experts who threaten Putin's statements addressed to the general director of Mechel Company I. Zyuzin in July and military political actions leadership of the Russian Federation in early August (Russian-Georgian conflict). According to the financier J. Soros (February 2009), "<…> Although the invasion of Georgia turned out to be successful and political, and in a military plan, it caused unexpected financial consequences. Capital ran from Russia. The stock market began a rapid fall, and the ruble began to weaken. Coinciding on time by the humor financial crisis, the consequences of the war were catastrophic. A series of Margin Calls has expounded the fatal flaw of the Putin regime: the business did not have confidence in the regime due to its arbitrariness. Entrepreneurs kept money abroad, and their business led on the borrowed funds. Margin Calls resulted in a number of defaults that changed the economic landscape. "

On October 1, 2008, Putin laid all responsibility for the financial crisis for the government and the "system" of the United States, saying: "Everything that today happens in the field of economics, finance, it began, as you know in the United States." On October 31, 2008, Putin announced a possible reduction in budget expenditures and state monopolies; Further business support should be carried out mainly without additional state expenses. On November 8, Putin approved prepared in accordance with the instructions of President Medvedev "Action Plan aimed at improving the situation in the financial sector and individual sectors of the economy." In November, Putin announced a decline in income tax rates from 24 to 20% from January 1, 2009. On December 11, he announced a temporary increase in import duties to foreign agricultural equipment. This measure was aimed at supporting Russian agricultural machinery manufacturers. On December 19, Putin announced measures to support the automotive industry, in particular, to subsidize bets on car purchase and on the help of automakers to attract finance.
In 2008-2009, against the background of the economic crisis, the net outflow of capital from Russia amounted to $ 191.1 billion US dollars. In early 2010, the inflow of capital to Russia resumed.
On January 12, 2009, the Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation "On Amendments to the Customs Tariff for Some Motor Vehicles", signed on December 5, 2008, was entered into force, signed on December 5, 2008, which introduced new, elevated, customs duties to imported to Russia Foreign cargo and passenger cars. The government's decision caused mass protests in the cities of the Far East, Siberia and other regions in December 2008, which continued in early January 2009, predominantly under political slogans of Putin's resignation.

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Putin signed a new program of anti-crisis measures, whose priorities are social obligations, industry, innovation and a powerful financial system. On August 10, Putin announced the allocation in 2010 on anti-crisis support for Russian regions more than one trillion rubles.
On December 30, 2009, Putin stated that the active phase of the Russian economic crisis was overcome.
In March 2010, the World Bank report noted that the loss of Russia's economy was less than it was expected at the beginning of the crisis. According to the World Bank, it happened in part due to large-scale anti-crisis measures that the government took. According to the results of the first quarter of 2010, in terms of GDP growth rates (2.9%) and the growth of industrial production (5.8%), Russia reached the 2nd place among the "G8 countries", lifting only Japan. In October 2010, Putin said that the global economic crisis became a serious test for Russia, but his lessons were confirmed by the correctness of the government elected by the Government, but And for business and relatively quickly return to the growth trajectory. "

Presidential Election 2012

On September 24, 2011, during the Congress of the Party, the United Russia was announced that in the presidential election in 2012 will put his candidacy Putin, and the government in the case of his victory will be headed by Dmitry Medvedev. President Medvedev adopted the proposal of Putin's Prime Minister to lead the United Russia party at the Duma election. Delegates applauded this statement standing. Medvedev immediately responded, saying that the applause are proof of Putin's popularity in the people.
In the elections of the President of Russia on March 4, 2012, Putin won in the first round, according to official data by typing 63.6% (only 45,602,075 votes). March 7, 2012 declared by the Central Election Committee of the Russian Federation with the president of the Russian Federation. On May 7, 2012, he joined the position of President of the Russian Federation.
According to the statements by the presidential candidate, Gennady Zyuganova, the leaders of the "Apple" party, the Party "Other Russia", the Association "Voice" and other public organizations, influenced the result of the election, was influenced by mass violations during their conduct during the election campaign, so the elections should be considered illegitimate.

Third presidential time

The third time the position of President Putin joined on May 7, 2012; On this day I signed a series of program decrees mentioned in the press as a May decrees. The day after the entry into position, he proposed the State Duma to the post of Chairman of the Government of the Ex-President Dmitry Medvedev and instructed it to form a new government.
In 2014, he held the Winter Olympic Games 2014 as the Head of the Organizer; In March, during the protracted political crisis in Ukraine, Iv Crimea appealed to the Federation Council and received consent to the use of Russian troops in Ukraine. On March 17, he signed a decree on the recognition of the Republic of Crimea as an independent and sovereign state and the recognition of Sevastopol with a special status as part of the Crimea. On March 18, in the St. George Hall of the Kremlin, Putin appeared with the appeal to both the wards of the Federal Assembly in connection with the request of the Republic of Crimea about accession to Russia, and immediately after the speech pronouncement, he signed an agreement with the leaders of the Crimea to enter the Russian Federation. The decision in Crimea Putin accepted alone.

Events in Ukraine and in the Crimea

In March 2014, the Russian military personnel in the form without identifying signs ("green men") by decision of Putin arose behind the Self-Defense Forces of the Crimea and ensured the security of the referendum on the status of the Crimea.
Since the spring of 2014, during the events in Ukraine and in Crimea, the subject of attention of global politicians and the press was the concentration of Russian troops along the Russian-Ukrainian border and in the regions border with Ukraine. By August, the statements of US President Obama, Chancellor FRG Merkel, were recorded, the expert opinions of Western intelligence services were published, which Russia is preparing for military invasion of Ukraine, at the first stage - in the form of combat support of the humanitarian convoy. On August 9, 2014, FINANCIAL Times has information that Russia, by Putin's decision, has already begun a secret military company in Ukraine, supports and arms the rebels, and the special forces of the main intelligence department of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Russia secretly penetrates the territory of Ukraine, participates in the battles on the side of the militia And the first combat losses in the amount of 12 fighters. The Russian side refuted the information of British intelligence services. On August 18, Putin signed a decree on the award of the 76th Guards Assault Division Order Suvorov "For the successful performance of combat missions." On August 22, the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation S. Shuigu, Hand in the Pskov Region, paratroopers Order Suvorov, personally thanked them for the operation on the return of Crimea.

On July 26, 2014, the official representative of the US President accused Putin in the destruction of Malaysian Boeing in the Donetsk region. The Russian Foreign Ministry responded to the ongoing accusations of frank lies in the foreign policy of the American administration and slander to Russia.
August 31, 2014, after introducing the countries of the West sectoral sanctions in connection with the estimated responsibility of Russia for military operations in Ukraine, Putin warned Western partners about the difficulties of returning to the Russian market in the future, and also substantiated that the Council Reaction of Russia for the West actions is inevitable: " Russia cannot remain indifferent to the fact that people are shooting almost in emphasis. "
On October 17, 2014, Putin took part in the Asia-Europe forum summit in Milan, where he held talks from Poroshenko, Merkel, Hollandes and a number of European leaders. October 24 at a meeting with world political scientists and journalists, participants in the Discussion Club "Valdai", Putin made a program statement that political scientists compared with its Munich speech 2007. Putin laid the blame for war in Ukraine, in his opinion, the result of a coup sponsored by Western powers. The general conclusion of the speech was in the designation of the responsibility of the American administration for the collapse of the global security system and dictatorship in the international arena. Western press marked the hardy style and the anti-American focus of Putin's speech.

Relations with China

Shanghai Agreements 2014
On May 20, 2014 in Shanghai during the visit of Russian President Vladimir Putin, a number of strategic agreements were signed at the head of the Russian delegation (only 46 documents) on cooperation between Russia and China, including:
Agreement on strategic cooperation between Russian and Chinese railways: Russian Railways and railway PRC will jointly develop transport infrastructure (including border crossings), jointly develop tariff plans and marketing actions in order to create competitive tariff conditions for rail transportation on transit routes China - Russia - Europe.
Signed cooperation agreements on the use of national currencies: VTB and Bank of China will develop partnerships in various fields. And in general, Russia and China intend to increase the volume of direct calculations in national currencies in mutual trade between countries.
An agreement was signed on the establishment of a Russian-Chinese wide-body long-haul aircraft: JSC "United Aircraft Building Corporation" and the Chinese COMAC Corporation will create an airliner, which should take substantial market share in both Russia and China and in third countries.

A memorandum on the joint construction of a new bridge across Cupid was signed: Construction should be completed by 2016, the new bridge will allow 700 kilometers to reduce the path for the Russian goods supplied to China, and will allow you to transport 21 million tons of cargo for export to China. For 80%, construction will be financed by China, by 20% - Russia.
Cooperation agreements were signed between a number of ministries, regions and enterprises of Russia and China.
The contract of sale and sale of liquefied gas was signed in the framework of the Yamal LNG project between OJSC NOVATEK and the Chinese National Oil and Gas Corporation (CNPC).
The agreements on the implementation of a number of investment projects involving China in the Far East are signed.
Signed 6 contracts "Eurocement Group" and China Camc Engineering for the construction of new technological lines for cement production in European Russia.
A number of agreements on joint projects and cooperation in the field of mechanical engineering, the chemical industry and the construction of infrastructure are signed.
China declared its readiness to reset import duties on Russian gas, and Russia - to reset the mineral extraction tax for gas deposits that will supply gas in the PRC.
Russia and China also agreed closely coordinate their foreign policy steps.
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The largest contract for the supply of gas
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On May 21, 2014, the Russian Gazprom and the Chinese National Oil and Gas Corporation (CNPC) concluded a thirty-year gas supply contract - the contract provides for the supply of up to 38 billion cubic meters of gas per year with a total price of $ 400 billion in 30 years. The exact price of gas was not named, but it is known that it exceeds $ 350 per thousand cubic meters. The contract is the largest in the history of the Gas industry of the USSR and Russia, and, apparently, the largest gas supply agreement in the entire history of the global gas industry.
The head of Gazprom Alexey Miller reported further plans for cooperation with China: "38 billion is just the beginning. Because we agreed with Chinese partners, which is right there as soon as we subscribe a contract on the Eastern route, we begin negotiations on the Western route. But as for the Western route, there is one fundamental difference in the resource database: this is the same base with which we carry out gas supplies to Europe. "
Russian President Vladimir Putin said that the implementation of the project of the Western gas supplies route to the PRC will make China the largest consumer of Russian gas in the world. According to Putin, Russia will begin the largest construction site in the world, and the Russian-Chinese Energy Alliance will be the support of the entire Asia-Pacific region.
The head of Gazprom Alexei Miller also stated that the contract with China will affect gas prices for Europe. Gazprom confirmed that gas price for China will be above $ 350 per thousand cubic meters and reported that $ 25 billion will be received as an advance for gas.
An important features of the contract can be attributed to the following:
This is a contract for 30 years, while the European Union is trying to force Gazprom to abandon the "bible" long-term contracts and switch to the spot market (point of point supplies), which is subject to manipulation by Western energy companies.
The contract is concluded on the principle of "take or pay", which Europeans also try to cancel in their interaction with Gazprom.
The price of gas supply is tied to prices on the basket of petroleum products - another principle of which the EU is trying to get rid of.
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The conclusion of such a large-scale supply contract to China is of great importance on the background of the Ukrainian crisis provoked by the West, which has grown into civil war. The West continues to be hypocritically accused Russia in creating tension in Ukraine and the support of the militia of the rebel Donbass, threatening to move away from point sanctions against individual companies and persons involved in the United States to implement the reunification of the Crimea with Russia and the uprising of the South-East of Ukraine, to sanctions against whole sectors Russian economy. The successful conclusion of the contract with good price supplies sharply increases the possibilities of Russia on interference in the crisis in Ukraine, since, on the one hand, cooperation with China can compensate for possible losses from Western sanctions, and on the other hand, in the case of a sharp deterioration in Russia's relations with the West China It will not be able to use the situation anymore and impose unprofitable cooperation conditions, as the contract has already been concluded.
A transaction with China for gas and other joint economic transactions create guarantees of the future development of the Russian economy for the years ahead and testify to the large-scale economic turn of Russia from the west to the East (which is very relevant, against the background of reports that in 2014 China may become the largest The economy of the world and for several years is the largest global industrial economy). The diversification of gas supplies and the development of alternative Europe of the Chinese market (potentially exceeding European) creates a situation in which, on the one hand, Russia retains the impact on Europe as the largest gas exporter (key energy for half of European countries), and on the other hand, Russia reduces its Own dependence on the European market.

Moscow Agreements 2014
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On October 13, 2014, over 30 intergovernmental, interdepartmental and corporate agreements were signed in Moscow on the basis of the meeting of the heads of governments of Russia and China Dmitry Medvedev and Lee Chanisan. Following this visit, the following was achieved:
China has provided financing from the Ukrainian crisis for Western sanctions to Russian banks. Thus, China did not just refuse to support anti-Russian sanctions, but also unequivocally stated that he would help Russia to cope with them. Among other things, China Development Bank issued a megaphone loan for half a billion dollars, and VTB, VEB and Rosselkhozbank will receive funding from China Eximbank for import-export transactions.
Russia and China agreed to carry out currency swap between their central banks for 150 billion yuan ($ 25 billion) - will now easier to squeeze a dollar from mutual calculations (especially from the calculations for energy resources).
Rosneft and the Chinese CNPC began negotiations on the supply of liquefied natural gas to China from the Sakhalin-1 project deposits, for this by 2018-2019 it is planned to build a gas liquefaction plant with a capacity of 5 million tons per year.
China will provide a loan of $ 25 billion for the development of hydrocarbon deposits and for the construction of the Siberian Power gas pipeline.

Joint projects of Russia and China
The most important goal of China is the creation of the so-called new flue path, the ground part of which is a transport corridor through Kazakhstan and Russia to Europe. The implementation of this project is trying to prevent USA, which support Islamic separatists in the west of China (Sinjiang-Uygur district), and also seek to break the connections of Russia with Europe.
In June 2014, Russia and China have agreed to establish a rating agency to evaluate joint projects.
September 1, 2014 in Yakutia Gazprom began to build a gas pipeline "Power of Siberia" with a length of about 3 thousand kilometers and a capacity of 38 billion cubic meters of gas per year. The gas pipeline will provide gas supplies within the largest gas contract in the history of the gas contract, concluded between Russia and China on May 21, 2014. This is the largest construction project in the world.

Presentation of Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin - To print this presentation, you can download free.

History of elections President Russian Federation

Past in March 2018 became seventh of the presidential elections in modern Russia. Before that they were held in

1991, 1996, 2000, 2004, 2008, 2012.

The post of President of Russia, elected by popular voting, was established according to the results of a nationwide referendum on March 17, 1991. The relevant provisions were enshrined in the Constitution of the RSFSR, according to which the president was elected for a period of 5 years.

From March 17, 1991, the provisions were enshrined in the Constitution of the RSFSR, according to which the president was elected for a period of 5 years.

In 1993, the new Constitution of the Russian Federation entered into force, according to which the term of presidential powers was reduced to 4 years. In 2008, the term of office of the president was again increased - up to 6 years

The first elections of the President of Russia - 1991

In accordance with the law "On the election of the President of the RSFSR" of 1991, to win, a candidate needed more than half of the voters.

On June 12, 1991, 6 candidates took part in the first election of the President of the Russian Federation. As a result of universal and direct elections, in the first round, the president of the country for 5 years

was blais Yeltsin elected .

Boris Yeltsin (Chairman of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR) scored 57.3% of the votes

In total, 74.66% of voters took part in the elections.

Single two-party presidential elections - 1996

These elections were still the only in the newest history of Russia, when to determine the winner it was necessary to hold a second round.

The second round came out two candidates - the current President Boris Yeltsin and the leader of the Communist Party of Gennady Zyuganov, who received the largest number of votes in the first round. As a result, the president was again blais Nikolayevich Yeltsin

Third election of the President of Russia - 2000

On December 31, 1999, Boris Yeltsin announced the early prosecution of the powers of the President of the Russian Federation and appointed the acting head of the state of the President of the Government of the Russian Federation

Vladimir Putin.

The early elections of the president took place on March 26, 2000. They took part 11 candidates.

Vladimir Putin was elected president of Russia who participated in the elections in order of self-nomination. The official entry into office took place on May 7th.

In total, 109 million 372 thousand 46 people were added to the lists of voters. The election took part 75 million 181 thousand 71 voter (68.74%)

Fourth elections to the President of Russia - 2004

On March 14, 2004, the next elections were held in accordance with the new version of the Law on the Elections of the President of the Russian Federation, which entered into force on January 16, 2003.

For the highest post of state, 6 candidates fought.

Vladimir Putin who participated in the elections as a self-confineler was elected president for a second term.

In total, 108 million 064 thousand votes were included in the voter lists at the time of the vote, 69 million 581 thousand 761 voters took part in the voting (64.39%)

Fifth elections President of Russia - 2008

On March 2, 2008, 4 candidates fought for the highest post. Russian President Vladimir Putin, according to the Constitution of the country, did not have the right to run for this post

for the third time in a row.

The final turnout was 69.81%. According to the results of the vote by the President of the country dmitry Anatolyevich Medvedev , First Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation, nominated by "United Russia" and received support for the parties "Fair Russia", "Civil force" and the agricultural party of Russia.

Seventh elections President of Russia - 2018 year

The appeal in the elections of the President of Russia amounted to 67.54%.

The result of Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin became a record, since in 2000 he received 52.94% of the vote, that is, 39.74 million people were supported, in 2004 the current owner of the Kremlin scored 71.31% - more than 49.563 million voters, and in elections In 2012, Putin was supported by 45.602 million Russians (63.60%).

In 2018, the current head of the state was elected to the new six-year term Vladimir Putin by defeating the elections with the result of 76.69% of the votes

Lesson Plan 1. APPROVE OF THE INSTITUTE OF THE PRESIDENTIAL POWER IN RUSSIA 2. The status of the president of the Constitution of the Russian Federation 3. The procedure for election of the President of the Russian Federation 4. The procedure for the president's entry into position 5. Symbols of presidential power 6. Powers of the President of the Russian Federation 7. Termination of the powers of the President of the Russian Federation 8. Grounds and procedure for rejoicing the president from office

B.N.ELtsin First President of the Russian Federation June December 1999 Vladimir Putin Second President of the Russian Federation Mart May 2008; The fourth joined the post on May 7, 2012. D.A.Medvedev Third President of the Russian Federation March 2008 - May 2012.

President of the President of the Constitution of the Russian Federation President of the Russian Federation Head of the State Guarantees of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, human rights and freedoms and citizen determines the directions of internal and foreign policy presents Russia coordinates work within the country and all branches of government in international relations (Article 80 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation)

The procedure for the election of the President of the Russian Federation is determined by: -K-to the epistration of the Russian Federation (Art. 81) -F-F-F of the Ethliamental Law of May 17, 1995. "On the elections of the President of the Russian Federation" elections are carried out on the basis of universal equal and direct electoral law when secretly voting elections We are carried out only if no less than two candidates are recognized as soon as more than half of the voters made to the voter lists are considered to be a candidate who received more than half of the votes who participated in the voting

Order of the election of the President of the Russian Federation Requirements for the presidential candidate: -G-g of the Russian Federation; -He-n e younger than 35 years; -p-p Ostrobally living in Russia for at least 10 years President of the Russian Federation is elected for a period of 6 years the same person can not take the position of president of more than two deadlines in a row

The powers of the President of the Russian Federation personnel (Article 83 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation) in the field of legislative power (Article 84 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation) in the foreign policy field (Article 86 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation) in the military sphere (Article 87 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation) in relation to citizens (art. 89 Constitution of the Russian Federation)

The powers of the President of the Russian Federation 1. Uses conciliation procedures to resolve disagreements between the state authorities of the Russian Federation (Art. 85 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation); 2. introduces a state of emergency on the territory of the Russian Federation (Art. 88 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation); 3. makes decrees and orders, which: - are required for execution throughout the Russian Federation; - should not contradict the Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal laws (Art. 90 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation). The Russian President has inviolability (Art. 91 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation).

Termination of the Powers of the President of the Russian Federation 1. Normal order: -s-from the moment of bringing the oath to the newly elected President 2. Early termination of the authority: -O-about the Talent, that is, the initiative of the president himself; -C-with tool inability to exercise authority; -Impic - the procedure for removing from the post of head of state by the court of parliament on a grave criminal charge (Art. 92 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation)

The grounds and procedure of the presidential deduction from the position of the foundation: -O-on-making in the state treason or the commission of another serious crime the necessary conditions: 1) Conclusion of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation on the presence of the presidential actions of the crime; 2) Conclusion of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation on compliance with the established procedure for nomination of the charge (Art. 93 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation)

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Presentation on the topic "Powers of the President of the Russian Federation" can be downloaded absolutely free on our website. Project subject: social science. Colorful slides and illustrations will help you interest your classmates or audience. Use the player to view the contents, or if you want to download the report - click on the appropriate text below the player. Presentation contains 18 slide (s).

Slides presentation

Slide 1.

President of Russian Federation

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The President of the Russian Federation is the highest state office of the Russian Federation. The President of Russia is: the head of state, not in any of the branches of power; the guarantor of the Constitution of Russia, the rights and freedoms of man and citizen in Russia; Supreme Commander-in-Chief Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

The president

Head of State

Garant Constitution

Supreme Commander Sun.

Slide 3.

The post of President of the Russian Federation (until December 25, 1991 - President of the Russian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic) was established on April 24, 1991 as the post of senior official and head of the executive authority of one of the Union republics of the USSR - RSFSR - on the basis of the will of the people expressed on the referendum on March 17 1991.

On March 17, 1991, the first All-Russian referendum was held on the introduction of the post of President of the RSFSR. It was attended by 75.09% of Russian citizens, of which 69.85% supported this proposal. Three months later, June 12, 1991, Boris Yeltsin was elected first president of the Russian Federation.

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The legal status of the President of Russia is enshrined in the fourth chapter of the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

Initially (in 1991), Russian President was elected for 5 years. In the Constitution of the Russian Federation, 1993, the term of office of the president was reduced to 4 years. After amendments to the Constitution, who entered into force on December 31, 2008, from the following elections, he will be elected to a six-year term of office.

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People election universal equal straight

The President of the Russian Federation is elected by citizens of the Russian Federation on the basis of: universal equal direct secret ballot.

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The exact order of the presidential elections of the Russian Federation is determined by the Federal Law of January 10, 2003 No. 19-FZ "On the election of the President of the Russian Federation".

A citizen of the Russian Federation may be a candidate for the position of president:

not younger than 35 years

permanently residing in the Russian Federation at least 10 years

The same person can not hold the position of President of the Russian Federation more than two times in a row.

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On the basis of the fourth chapter of the Constitution, the Russian President of Russia exercises the following powers:

appoints from the approval of the State Duma Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation;

has the right to chair the meetings of the Government of the Russian Federation;

decides on the resignation of the Government of the Russian Federation;

represents the State Duma for appointing a chairman of the Central Bank; and also sets the issue of the release of the chairman of the Central Bank from the post of office;

at the suggestion of the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation, appoints and dismisses the deputy chairmen of the Government of the Russian Federation and federal ministers;

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Represents the Council of the Federation candidacy for appointment:

Judges of the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court, the Supreme Arbitration Court,

the candidacy of the Prosecutor General;

contributes to the Federation Federation a proposal to release the Prosecutor General from office;

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appoints the judges of other federal courts;

forms and heads the Security Council of the Russian Federation,

approves military doctrine of the Russian Federation;

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forms the administration of the President of the Russian Federation;

appoints and frees the authorized representatives of the President of the Russian Federation;

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appoints and recalls diplomatic representatives of the Russian Federation in foreign countries and international organizations.

appoints and frees the highest command of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation;

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appoints the election of the State Duma in accordance with the Constitution and Federal Law;

dismisses the State Duma in cases and procedure provided for by the Constitution;

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signs and publishes federal laws within fourteen days from the date of receipt.

contributes bills to the State Duma;

If, with a re-consideration, the federal law will be approved in the previously adopted edition by the majority of at least two thirds of the votes from the total number of members of the Federation Council and Deputies of the State Duma, it is subject to signing by the President of the Russian Federation for seven days and publication.;

If the president within fourteen days from the date of receipt of the Federal Law will rejoint it, then the State Duma and the Federation Council in the procedure established by the Constitution reiterate this law.

law Project

The State Duma

Council of the Federation

Must sign

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applies to the Federal Assembly with annual posts on the situation in the country, the main directions of the internal and foreign policy of the state.

The President of the Russian Federation may use conciliation procedures to resolve disagreements between the state authorities of the Russian Federation and the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as between the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. In case of unacceptable agreement, it may convey the resolution of the dispute to the consideration of the relevant court.

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The President of the Russian Federation has the right to suspend the action of acts of the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

carries out the management of the foreign policy of the Russian Federation; negotiating and signs international treaties of the Russian Federation;

takes credentials and response certificates of diplomatic representatives accredited.

signs ratification certificates;

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awards by state awards of the Russian Federation, assigns the honorary titles of the Russian Federation, the highest military and higher special titles;

solves the issues of citizenship of the Russian Federation and the provision of political asylum;

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