Motion sensor 12 volts. We collect the motion sensor to turn on the light. Advantages and disadvantages of using

A lot of information, detailed diagrams, photos, comparisons ... everything has been said about this useful device and even about the Fresnel lens has not been forgotten ...
For example, in my house I have all flights of stairs with sensors and not only them, and I am very pleased.

Probably only the lazy has not yet written about how good and wonderful it is to have such a contraption instead of a switch and have not filmed an intricate video about it.
Yes, we know, we know that there are both infrared and radio frequency, with different ranges, with different viewing angles, etc., etc.
So what?
Have you bought all the motion sensors? Has everyone ripped off their switches and installed smart sensors?
Well no.
What's the matter?
The device is really convenient and really saves our electricity costs.
The problem is that not only the sensor itself must be somehow beautifully and successfully positioned both relative to the lamp and relative to the movement of a person, but also a bunch of additional wires to stretch.
After all, it’s like with lighting, when the honey is already hanging.
The wire from the light bulb to the junction box, the wire from the switch to the junction box, connected there as it should and everything works.
And now we want to put a motion sensor instead of a switch.
Well, firstly, right at the place of the switch, the sensor has absolutely nothing to do. The sensor should be installed so that it "sees" the incoming person as early as possible and so that it does not "see" anything superfluous, for example, somewhere under the ceiling, opposite the front door. the junction box is just above it, under the ceiling, that is, all the electrical wires are hidden in the box, which is opposite the place where we want them to be for the sensor.
It is very inconvenient to change the switch to the sensor in the already existing wiring. You will need to find the right place so that the sensor sees everything it needs and does not spoil the interior; new lines of wires will be required where they were before. To the sensor itself, even for the simplest circuit, it is necessary to drag the "zero" wire and the "phase" wire, and even from the sensor to the lamp it is necessary to drag the third wire - the "switched phase" wire.
So people are too lazy to redo all the wiring and live with switches without changing them to sensors.
However, in some simple situations, for example, when there is one lamp holder under the ceiling and it is this lamp that I would like the sensor to control.
For such cases, sensors are produced built into the cartridge. Or rather, not into the cartridge itself, but into the adapter.

How it works? We screw the adapter into the socket instead of the lamp. We screw the lamp into the adapter. We turn on the switch that used to turn on the lamp and do not touch it anymore. Everything.
Now, as soon as a walking person "catches the eye" of a smart adapter with a sensor, the sensor will be triggered and the lamp will automatically turn on.
No wires, no rewiring, and smart sensor electronics work in place of a switch.

Such sensors are not only for those who, according to the old tradition, illuminate the home with lamps with the usual E27 socket.
There are convenient motion sensors for those who use 12 volt LED light sources (lamps or LED strip).

At the same time, it is important that for 12 volt lighting systems, the power supply is often removed somewhere, hidden. For example, a diode strip in the profile is used to illuminate the countertop in the kitchen - a common solution.
The 220-12 power supply is hidden in the kitchen furniture and is not located exactly where the light source itself is. If you turn on - turn off the power of this unit with an ordinary sensor, the movement does not always work out conveniently - you have not yet reached the countertop, and in general you are going to the refrigerator, and for some reason the backlight of the countertop turned on ... So, to make it easier to solve such issues, there is motion sensors are not 220, but directly 12 volts.
It is very convenient - I put such a sensor about a 12 volt lamp, applied 12 volts to the input with a wire from a hidden block, and connected the same lamp with a diode tape to the output. Now he brought his hands to the table top - the lamp turned on automatically. Conveniently. In addition, it is safe - 12 volts are no longer those dangerous 220 volts next to a damp countertop in the kitchen ...

Motion sensors are incredibly convenient things that allow you to control the light in a room or control the opening and closing of doors, and can also alert you to unwanted guests. In this article we will tell you how to make a motion sensor with your own hands at home and consider the scope of possible applications of these devices.

Briefly about sensors

One of the simplest types of sensors is a limit switch or a self-resetting button (no latching).

It is installed at the door and reacts to its opening and closing. With the help of a simple scheme, this device turns on the light in the refrigerator. It can be equipped with a pantry or a vestibule of the hallway, a door in the entrance, a standby LED lighting, use this switch as an alarm that will notify you of the opening or closing of the door. Disadvantages of the design can be installation difficulties, and sometimes an unpresentable appearance.

Devices, based on and magnet, can be seen on the doors and windows of protected objects. Their principle of operation is very similar to that of a button. A reed switch can open or connect contacts when a conventional magnet is brought to it. Thus, the reed switch itself is installed on the doorway, and the magnet is hung on the door. This design looks neat and is used more often than a regular button. Lack of devices in a narrowly specialized application. They are not suitable for monitoring open areas, squares, passages.

For open passages, there are devices that respond to changes in the environment. These include photo relays, capacitive (field sensors), thermal (PIR), sound relays. To fix the intersection of a certain area, control an obstacle, the presence of movement of any object in the overlap zone, use a photo or sound echo of the device.

The principle of operation of such sensors is based on the formation of a pulse and its fixation after reflection from the object. When an object enters such a zone, the characteristic of the reflected signal changes, and the detector generates a control signal at the output.

For clarity, a schematic diagram of the operation of the photo relay and sound relay is presented:

Infrared LEDs are used as a transmitting device in optical sensors, and phototransistors are used as a receiver. Sound sensors work in the ultrasonic range, so their operation seems silent to our ears, but each of them contains a small emitter and a catcher.

For example, it is great to equip an illuminated mirror with a motion detector. The lighting will be turned on only at the moment when a person is directly next to him. Would you like to make one yourself?

Assembly diagrams

Microwave

To control open spaces and control the presence of objects in the desired area, there is a capacitive relay. The principle of operation of this device is to measure the amount of absorption of radio waves. Everyone has observed or was a participant in this effect when, when approaching a working radio receiver, the frequency at which he is operating, it gets lost and interference appears.

Let's talk about how to make a microwave-type motion sensor. The heart of this detector is a microwave radio generator and a special antenna.

This schematic diagram shows a simple way to make a microwave motion sensor. The VT1 transistor is a high-frequency generator and, in combination, a radio receiver. The detector diode rectifies the voltage by applying a bias to the base of the transistor VT2. The windings of transformer T1 are tuned to different frequencies. In the initial state, when the external capacitance does not act on the antenna, the amplitudes of the signals are mutually compensated and there is no voltage on the VD1 detector. When the frequency changes, their amplitudes are added and detected by the diode. Transistor VT2 starts to open. The thyristor VS1 is used as a comparator for a clear working off of the “on” and “off” states, which controls a 12-volt power relay.

Below is an effective diagram of the presence relay on the available components, which will help you assemble a motion detector with your own hands or just come in handy for getting to know the device.

Thermal

Thermal DD (PIR) is the most common sensor apparatus in the business sector. This is due to cheap components, a simple assembly scheme, the absence of additional complex settings, and a wide operating temperature range.

The finished device can be bought at any electrical store. Luminaires, alarms and other controllers are often equipped with this sensor. However, now we will tell you how to make a thermal motion sensor at home. A simple outline for repeating looks like this:

A special heat sensor B1 and a photo element VD1 make up an automated lighting control complex. The device starts to work only after the onset of twilight, the threshold can be set with resistor R2. The sensor connects the load when a moving person enters the monitoring area. The built-in shutdown timer can be set with the R5 knob.

Homemade from a module for Arduino

An inexpensive sensor can be made from special ready-made boards for a radio designer. So you can get a rather miniature device. For assembly, we need a motion sensor module for Arduino microcontrollers and a single-channel relay module.

Each board has a three-pin connector, VCC +5 volts, GND -5 volts, OUT output on the detector and IN input on the relay board. In order to make a device with your own hands, you need to apply 5 Volts (plus and minus) to the boards from the power source, for example, from charging for phones, and connect out and in together. Connections can be made using connectors, but it will be safer to solder everything. You can follow the diagram below. A miniature transistor, as a rule, is already built into the relay module, so there is no need to install it additionally.

When a person moves, the module sends a signal to the relay, and it opens. Note that there are high and low relays. It must be selected based on what signal the sensor produces at the output. The finished detector can be placed in the housing and masked in the desired place. Additionally, we recommend watching a video that clearly demonstrates instructions for assembling homemade motion sensors at home. If you still have any questions, you can always ask them in the comments.

The popularity of intelligent control systems for engineering equipment of buildings is growing every year.Smart Home systemtakes on many routine tasks, frees up time for rest and more important activities. In addition, she:

• increases safety;
• creates a comfortable stay;
• saves utility bills;
• increases the status of the building.

"Smart home" is an amalgamation of engineering subsystems that are controlled from one center. It is flexible and easy to upgrade and expand.

Bus control systems in the "Smart Home" system

In the private sector, Smart Home systems serve for comfort and safety. In the case of their application in building automation and management systems, the savings reach 70%. For the organization of control, preference is given to bus systems with a safe supply voltage of 12-48 V.

The lighting control subsystem is one of the most important. It improves usability and significantly saves energy. The functioning of this subsystem is impossible without sensors. B.E.G. there are sensors specially designed for bus systems.

Motion sensor PD9-1C-12-48V-FC

Motion sensor is part of the mini-sensor line. These sensors, despite the small size of the sensor part, are not inferior to the technical characteristics of the rest of the sensors.

They are intended for installation in a false ceiling and are installed where it is important not to disturb the interior of the room. The size of the visible part of the sensor is a disc with a diameter of only 36 mm.

The sensor consists of power and sensor parts, they are connected by a cable. The dimensions of the blocks are calculated so that the power section goes into the hole for the sensor and remains in the space between the ceiling. Then the sensor is installed.

The sensor needs power 12-48 V ... He has a circular (360 °).
From a height of 2.5 meters, its range of action:

• frontally 6 m;
• perpendicular to 10 m.

The illumination threshold (10 - 2000 lx) and the response delay (30 sec - 30 min) are manually set by potentiometers on the sensor. The sensor has one normally open dry contact
with switching capacity 10A and maximum starting current Ip (20 ms) = 165A.

Presence detectors PD2 series

There are three types of suitable sensors in the PD2 range:, and
... These presence detectors are designed for indoor ceiling mounting.

All sensors with a circular detection area (360 °). When installed at a height of 2.5 meters, their range is:

• presence of 4 meters;
• frontally 6 meters;
• perpendicular to 10 meters.

Sensors PD2-M-2C-11-48V-3A and PD2-M-2C-11-48V-RRdesigned for direct or alternating voltage supply... There are options for surface-mounted or suspended ceilings.

The sensor is used as a separate master device or, with a certain wiring diagram, as a slave device. The light sensor measures the mixed illumination level from 10 to 2000 lux. Only the first channel of the sensor depends on the illumination, the second is not tied to the illumination
and switches when the movement is detected.

Sensors are configured and controlled manually or by remote control. The turn-off delay threshold in the first channel is adjustable in the range from 15 sec to 16 min and an impulse, in the second channel the turn-on delay function is available, and it is adjustable in the range from 5 to 120 minutes. Pulse and alarm functions are also available.

The switching capacity of PD2-M-2C-11-48V-3A channels is three amperes.

In the PD2-M-2C-11-48V-RR version, reed relays with a load current of 100 ma are installed in both channels for silent switching and the possibility of connecting a light sensor to the first channel.

Sensor PD2N-LTMSintended for false ceiling installation only. It is powered by a constant voltage of 16-48 V. In addition to transmitting information via a dry contact about motion detection, presence in its detection zone, the sensor gives out the current temperature
and illumination by analog signal 0-10 V.

The sensor is also available with a reed switch for silent switching. It has two sensors to get the correct illumination. Using potentiometers or the remote control, you can set a delay from 1 to 30 seconds and calibrate the parameters of the two light sensors
and a temperature sensor.

An accessory is used to increase the protection from IP 20 to IP 54. To protect the sensor from mechanical damage, a BSK circular mesh is used. It is not included in the delivery set and must be ordered separately.

Presence detector SI Indoor 180-R-11-48V

The presence detector SI Indoor 180-R-11-48V is used indoors. A DC or AC voltage source is suitable for powering the sensor. 12- 48V. Single-channel sensor
in two versions:

• version 3A - for direct switching of a load with a current consumption of up to 3 amperes;
• RR version with reed relay - for silent load switching up to 100 mA.

When installing the sensor on the side of the door or above it, the coverage area is 180 °. At a height of 2.2 meters, its range is:

• frontally 3 meters;
• perpendicular to 12 meters.

When used as a master device, the sensor detection area can be extended by slave devices.

The switch-off delay (from 15 sec to 16 min) and the illumination level (from 2 to 2000 lux) are set manually by potentiometers on the instrument panel. It is also important to have a noise sensor, which also has its own adjustment potentiometer.

The sensor can be mounted on the wall in a standard box or open with an AP-plinth art. 92141. If you use the cover art. 92139, the degree of protection of the sensor will increase
from IP 20 to IP 54, and it can be installed in rooms with high humidity.

The SI Indoor 180-R sensor is used to control the lighting of corridors, archives, meeting rooms, and bathrooms.

If you plan to implementthe "Smart House" system,use B.E.G. sensors for low-current systems. We guarantee their three-year trouble-free operation. to our company. You will receive a qualified free consultation on the use of B.E.G.

To our blog. Here you will find a lot of useful information and stay up to date with the latest solutions and advanced technologies.

Motion sensors are widely used in lighting control and security systems. Usually they are powered from a 220V network, but in stand-alone systems they are powered from 12V.

Sensor power supply

These devices are powered from built-in batteries or from an external or built-in power supply. In the presence of voltage in the network, power is supplied from it, and in case of power outages - from the battery, which ensures the operation of the device and the alarm system.

In addition, such devices can be connected to a car's 12-volt network or a computer's power supply.

The scheme and principle of operation of these devices differ only in the power supply system.

Types of sensors

Such devices differ according to different criteria:

• installation site - outdoor for outdoor work and indoor;
• operating principle - ultrasonic, microwave, emitting and receiving microwave and infrared;
• active with a receiver and transmitter and passive, in which only a receiver.

Such devices are used in two places:

• Security systems. An additional source of energy (battery) keeps the system working during temporary power outages, and if you connect the device to the remote control unit, this will eliminate the need to lay long cables while protecting a large area;
• Car security. At night in the car, this device turns on the interior lighting and headlights not only when touched or attempted to break into, but also when someone just walks up to the car. It can also include a video recorder;
• Rechargeable lamps in the garden and at bus stops, solar-powered. In these places, a motion sensor is used to turn on the light. Save battery power;
• Combined with a powerful battery and a car signal, the result is a portable alarm system.

Advantages and disadvantages of using

Such devices have advantages over designs powered by a 220V network. First of all, it is autonomy. They operate from built-in and external batteries all the time or in the absence of mains voltage.

Besides the advantages, there are disadvantages:

• limited operating time from built-in or external batteries;
• the need for periodic recharging or in an external power supply;
• higher price.

Principle of operation

The design and site of application depend on the method of motion detection.

Ultrasonic Alarm

The principle of operation of such devices is similar to a bat locator. Inside there are an ultrasonic emitter and a receiver that picks up the reflected signal. When objects move, the frequency of the return signal changes.

Such devices are notable for their low price and reliability of work. They are not affected by weather conditions. Installed in automatic parking systems in cars.

The disadvantage is in a small radius of action and triggering only on fast movements.

Attention! The maximum sensitivity of the device is provided when a person moves to or from the device.

Infrared devices

These devices react to changes in the thermal radiation of objects, the temperature of which differs from the ambient temperature. This radiation is received by a lens or mirror system and sent to two sensors.

When objects move, the radiation and signals on the receivers change, which triggers the device.

The accuracy of such instruments is not affected by swaying trees in the street or curtains on the windows. They do not emit anything during operation.

False alarms from heating radiators or air conditioners are possible. At a high air temperature (more than 30-35 degrees), there is no difference in the thermal radiation of the environment and people, which disrupts the operation of the device.

Attention! The maximum sensitivity of the device when a person moves along the device is from right to left or vice versa.

Microwave sensors

Microwave devices are similar in principle to ultrasonic ones. Inside there is a radiator of electromagnetic HF radiation with a frequency of 5.8 GHz. When objects move towards or away from the device, the Doppler effect appears, and the frequency of the reflected signal changes. This triggers the device.

The work of such devices does not interfere with thin brick and wooden partitions. This is both an advantage and a design flaw - it expands the control zone, but causes false alarms when moving outside the protected area.

These devices are more expensive than other types of devices, and their power is limited by WHO requirements. It should not exceed 1mW / cm².

Combined devices

In addition to devices equipped with sensors of the same type, there are designs equipped with different ones that complement each other. For example, infrared, which responds to movement from right to left, and ultrasonic, which is triggered when moving towards and away from the device.

The disadvantages are the higher price and energy consumption. This is important when running on battery power.

Motion detectors operating from 12V are used in security systems in which autonomy is important, and in cars where 220V is absent.

Video

Taras Kalenyuk

Reading time: 4 minutes

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It is worth starting by defining what constitutes a motion sensor in general. This is a device that is able to identify activity in the area of ​​its action and transmit the received data to the receiver, which, in turn, will give a signal to perform the programmed action. This can be turning on the light, activating the alarm on the territory, sending a message to the owner or calling the guard to the facility.

There are many different devices, the types of which are determined according to various criteria. In addition to the fact that the detector can be indoor or outdoor, they are also divided into the following types:

• security;
• household;
• wired;
• wireless;
• autonomous;
• infrared;
• ultrasonic;
• microwave;
• multisensory;
• two-channel;
• two-position;
• multi-position and so on.

When choosing a motion detector to your liking, you need to take into account a variety of factors so as not to face the fact that the purchased device either does not install where the owner wanted it, or does not work.

When buying a device, you need to pay attention to the following nuances:

1. installation site - room or street, ceiling or walls;
2. the purpose of using the detector - lighting, security, imitation of activity;
3. the presence of interference in the area of ​​the device that cannot be removed - walls, cables, heating or air conditioning devices;
4. range and viewing angle - how far and wide the device should look;
5. the total power of the lamps that will be connected to the sensor there is no need to buy a powerful device for two diode lamps, but for a complex of lamps for a large room it is better to purchase a more capacious sensor;
6. settings - their number and level;
7. other technical characteristics (photosensitivity, current consumption, and so on).

One of the characteristics of a motion detector is the maximum permissible load current. This indicator tells about what the maximum permissible current value can be supplied to a certain device without causing harm to it.

What are the units of measurement for this indicator in motion sensors? The current strength itself is measured in Amperes (A). Voltage - the difference between two points in a circuit - is measured in Volts (V). And the power - the definition of the property of the current - is determined in watts (W). You can find out the power using the formula by multiplying the current by the voltage.

In addition, there is also resistance, which shows the ability of an element of an electrical circuit to resist current. The unit of measurement is Ohm. This value can be easily calculated by dividing the voltage by the amperage. Typically, this parameter is used in relation to thermistor type sensors (for example, a coolant temperature detector in a car).

Let's go back to motion detectors. The bulk of the detectors have indicators equal to about 220 V. But sometimes it becomes necessary to use a low-current device. The 12 Volt motion sensor can come in handy for those who use LED lighting devices.

These can be both simple lamps and ribbons that can be used to braid whatever your heart desires. A 12-volt lamp does not need a detector, which is designed for 1100 V, so it would be more correct to purchase or make a less powerful device with your own hands.

Let's take as an example a 12 Volt motion sensor PD9-1C-12-48V-FC. This miniature device can be used in the Smart Home system, being installed in stretch ceilings. Its dimensions are so small that it will not violate the aesthetic integrity of the room - 3.6 cm in diameter of its visible part.

The detector's viewing angle is 360 degrees, the operating range (provided it is installed at a height of two and a half meters) is 6 meters in front of you and about 10 in the horizontal plane.

The settings allow you to adjust the light threshold at which he will turn on the lamps (from 10 to 2000 Lux), as well as the delay time for turning off the light after the activity in his working area has stopped - from 30 seconds to half an hour.

Motion sensor 12 Volt type DD-03. Due to its small size, it can be placed in almost any place - to the lamp, to the tabletop - where the fantasy will point (or rather, the point at the intersection of which it is necessary to activate the lighting). Despite its size, this device has characteristics that are practically not inferior to its full-size counterparts.

• Load current 12 Volts.
• Light sensitivity is limited to 10 Lux, which allows the detector not to fire during daylight hours.
• The radius of action is adjustable 3-7 meters.
• The angle of view is 140 degrees.
• Light off delay from 5 seconds to three minutes.
• Working temperatures from -30 to +50.

DIY motion sensor

For the most intelligent and curious, there is the possibility of self-assembly of the device using components from Arduino. To work, you need to purchase a single-channel relay module and a microcontroller.

Infrared motion sensor 12 volts

Each of the purchased boards has three pins - plus, minus, input to the relay and output to the controller. From the power supply, voltage is applied to both boards, and the input is connected to the output. The resulting device is placed in a housing that is ready for use.