Construction of hinged facades. The correct device of the ventilated facade do it yourself. Installation of ventsystems on a metal frame

The fundamental device of the attached ventilated facade

Competently designed, mounted ventilated facade will stand on the protection of walls for many decades. But often installers, striving to reduce this complex, and therefore, a rather expensive system is replaced by some materials by others and go to a conscious violation of the rules.

About what such false savings can increase and how to prevent errors when installing the hinged ventilated facade, and it will be discussed in this article.

Competently designed and qualitatively installed hinged ventilated facade will not need to be repaired at least 30 years. At the same time, the choice of the facade system should be approached rationally. So, the building base is usually wisdom just to bite tiles. This will significantly reduce the finish.

The decoration of buildings with hinged ventilated facades is becoming increasingly popular, both in both private house-building and during the construction of commercial buildings. Such a system is a kind of "coat" for the house.

Directly on the walls are fixed by basalt insulation, protected by a special windband membrane. Facing plates (it can be a porcelain stoneware, natural or agglomerated stone, metal cassettes, composite cassettes, fibro-cement panels, steel or aluminum structures, etc.) Mount to the carrier frame with some gap. Its value (in the range from 20 to 40 mm) is determined in each case to ensure optimal air exchange.

The thickness of the insulation is selected on the basis of the requirements on the heat of buildings. When these conditions are met, the dew point is transferred from the supporting structure to the insulation.

The wrong selection of insulation and illiterate its installation lead to the fact that the material wets and lowers, scoring the ventilation gap.

Advantages and disadvantages of the use of mounted ventilated facade

What is the advantage of such an advantage of the complex, and therefore the expensive finishing system of the facade? First of all, this design does not allow the condensate to accumulate on the wall surface or inside it. The air layer is a kind of temperature buffer, thanks to which the facades are not freezing in winter and do not overheat in the summer, and this helps to significantly reduce the cost of heating and air conditioning. Snow, rain, hail and other realities of our difficult climate do not violate the integrity of the facing, which, by the way, cannot be said about the largest finishing material - plaster. Competently installed mounted facade will serve over 50 years.

The hinged facade system allows you to separate the buildings of rather complex forms. In the mounted facing, any designer fantasy can be realized. But some elements are too time-consuming.

And yet, despite the obvious advantages, the ventilated facades have not yet been widespread in country construction. Many scare away seeming high costs. Yes, 1 m² of such a cladding will cost at least 2000 rubles, and if you use a natural stone, the price can reach 6000 rubles. and even more. But it is important to take into account that exploitation will not cost anything. As practice shows, after 5-10 years, the hinged facade pays for itself.

Of course, the hinged facade system will work only if it is competently designed and high-qualityly installed. Theoretically, the system of the ventilated facade should be laid in the project of the house so that there is a time for calculating the supporting design and ordering facing plates. But in practice it turns out not always. Often it is necessary to "wear" in the mounted finish already rebuilt building. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the material of the walls. Brackets for metal crates are best keen in concrete and full-length brick. A little worse things are with a brick hollow. But the cellular concrete will require the selection of special and, as a rule, expensive fasteners. For decoration of walls from loose, porous materials, it is more expedient to choose the system of "wet" facades (shuttering or tile facing).

To minimize the work on the cutting of the plates, when designing the facade system, it is important to accurately calculate the size of the module (cells). It is by no means equal to the size of the panel itself. It is necessary to take into account the gaps width from 5 to 10 mm (depending on the type of cladding).

We also note that the facing tile of small sizes (300 x 300 or 400 x 400 mm) is economically unprofitable, - for its installation, too many fasteners will be required. Yes, and this wall looks not very good - the facade of the house will resemble a leaf of school notebook in a cell. The optimal is the tile of 600 x 600 mm, but it is important to take into account that this is averaged size. Real variation in different manufacturers ranges from 595 x 595 to 610 x 610 mm. Prefers preference to a particular collection, you should find out its exact parameters.

1. Brick wall; 2. Bracket (fasteners); 3. Laying thermally insulation; 4. Anchor dowel; 5. Horizontal main profile; 6. Vertical main profile; 7. Vertical intermediate profile; 8. Klimmer ordinary; 9. Starting Klimmer; 10. Thermal insulation material (insulation); 11. Hydro-windproof vapor-permeable membrane; 12. Fasteners of thermal insulation (plastic plate dowel); 13. Facing tile; 14. Rivet exhaust.

Fastening systems of the ventilated facade

Detailed consideration requires the choice of fasteners. As you know, there are two fastening systems - hidden and open.

The first option is metal beammers covering the slab on top and bottom. The second is the anchor bolts that are inserted into the slave drilled in the stove and there are revealed like flower petals.

Sometimes the mounting elements do not spoil the appearance of the facing, but by contrast, add expressiveness to it.

The use of a hidden fastening system is not always justified: for example, in the facade areas carrying a high aesthetic load. And it's not just that this fastener costs twice as expensive. If the tile, attached in this way, will be damaged for the repair will have to disassemble the entire vertical row. Replace the facing unit installed openly, not an example easier.

Clammers painted under the color of the tile are almost invisible on the facade

Rock-quality fasteners leads to the fallout of facing tiles.

Insulation for hinged ventfassades

The next important question is the choice of thermal insulation. On only the insulation, which has a technical certificate of the Gosstroita of Russia, can be placed under the mounted facing, which is allowed to use it in ventilated systems. Mineral wool is considered optimal for all indicators. The use of non-core materials (for example, glass gambles) will lead to the fact that the insulation will be poisoned by moisture, it curses and falls, cutting, and then the air clearance.

Only a special vapor insulation membrane can be used to protect the heat-insulating material.

If you try to protect the thermal insulation by polyethylene or foil (i.e., with materials that do not miss pairs), it will not only do not solve the problem, but also breaks the work scheme of the ventilated facade, which is known to be "breathing." The insulation can only be covered with a special one-sided vapor barrier membrane: it will pass out the moisture released by the walls, but not to give atmospheric moisture to penetrate inside.

In addition to the insulation, thermal separations are an important role in ensuring heat shields - gaskets installed between the brackets and the wall. They must be made of materials with a low thermal conductivity coefficient: polypropylene, polyamide, komatex, etc. It is not allowed to use steaming from a paronite, as it does not have thermal insulation properties.

Sometimes installers use special seals that are designed to extinguish vibration and hold the lining from the side shift. But their application leads to a decrease in the deadline of the system of the system, since the seals have a small working resource (about 10 years). Reducing the vibration and exclusion of the side shift of the facing panels should be ensured by the design of the fasteners.

Installation of ventilated facades

Unfortunately, even the most competent project of the ventilated facade may be reduced to no low-quality installation. The most common mistake is a violation of the geometry of the facade. Facing must be smooth, even if the relief of the walls are far from the ideal. In addition, the panels should not be shifted relative to the vertical and horizontal axes.

As it does not paradoxically, a very common mistake is to install fasteners directly in the masonry seam of the wall elements.

Installation of the ventilated facade. The surface of the facing must be perfectly smooth, with accurate observance of the thickness of the seams.

Failure to comply with the regulatory thickness of the seam leads to the fact that the tiles begin to put pressure on each other, crack and fly away. And if the tile is mounted with a deviation from the plane, it will be noticeably with sunlight.

Many builders sin with non-compliance with the regulatory thickness of the seam. Installed jack, tiles due to temperature deformations begin to put pressure on each other, crack and fall out. And insulation, in the absence of proper ventilation, wet, freezes and slides from the walls. Too much gap between the facing panels will lead to excessive moisturizing heat insulation by atmospheric precipitation.

Special attention should be paid to the design of window openings

Now in the Russian market there are many types of mounted facades. Unfortunately, many domestic manufacturers go along the simple way, copying foreign systems exactly. Meanwhile, what works perfectly in the soft climate of Germany or France may not withstand our long winters. The thickness of the insulation (and therefore the distance from the facing to the wall of the building) in Russian weather conditions should be significantly more than in Europe.

In addition, some companies, seeking to reduce the system, are often used in the design of dubious materials, in particular galvanized steel, which is weakly protected from corrosion. The best metals for the ventilation of Ventfasades are stainless steel and aluminum. But for fastening the plates, especially heavy, only stainless steel will suit. Aluminum brackets do not have the necessary strength.

The building that comes to the completed construction phase is the choice of the facade of the house, needs two main points: protection against the effects of unfavorable nature on the part of external influences on the design and decoration of the house, on which it depends on what style it will be attributed.

Ventilated facade system with cladding ceramic granite.

Facing the facade of a private house can be made as follows (indicating the cost of work and the cost of the material):

ventilated facades - the cost of working in the range of 1200-1300r / m 2;
finishing siding - cost from 400r / m 2; with cladding and waterproofing of about 9000r / m 2; material cost - 120 - 500p / sq.m;
finishing brick - the cost of the work will be from 550r / m 2; The cost of material is from 1000 to 4000r / sq.m;
stone or tile - cost from 1300 to 2200r / m 2; Clinker tile - 3300r / m 2; Natural stone - 4400r / m 2; The cost of material is 1000 - 1200r / sq.m;
stucco finish - cost from 500 to 1800r / m 2; The cost of material is from 60 to 300r / sq.m;
color - The cost of work from 150p / m 2.

Any of these methods need preliminary preparation to the main surface of the surface and has its own individual qualities. The main thing is that it is necessary to highlight in addition to technological subtleties, this type of material for the facing and the quality of the wall.

Ventilated facade system with facing tiles made of natural stone.

Ventilated facades

The facade design is simple: facing material (aluminum sheets or tiles) and subsection design. Airy "pillow" is formed between them. In addition, the thermal insulation layer is often made between the facing surface and the wall, then the "pillow" is located between the thermal insulation and the facing.

Advantages of this facing

use in zones of increased seismic hazards;
durability (from 20 to 50 years);
the carrier wall is not previously aligned;
the installation occurs quickly, since the installation of the all-season due to the absence of "wet" works;
acidness on heating, since the thermal insulation of this method is effective;
increased by several times noise insulation;
resistance to adverse weather.

Ventilated facade system with tile facing.

The main part is considered to be a layer of insulation - it must be resistant to weathering, having a high permeability of vapors and withstand sharp temperature differences. The most suitable version of thermal insulation is based on stone wool. Plates that have the basis of the rocks of the Basalt Group, have the stability of the size, non-health, high thermal insulation and durability. The fastening of such facades occurs on the bearing wall, both from concrete and bricks. The design of the sub-chart consists of brackets that are attached to the bearing wall and carrier profiles that are attached consistently to the brackets. With the help of fasteners, cladding sheets are installed, and the insulation is fixed at the end using profiles or dowels.

Ventilated hinged facades are not only appeal, but also functional. With the help of such facades, the overall appearance of buildings in a certain architectural style or can be changed.

Sigor climatic conditions are not scary of ventilation facades, unlike other types of cladding that have a short service life. Despite the cost of hinged systems, saving on heating allows you to recoup all costs. The big positive side of this facade is the lack of need for repair.

Finishing the facade of private house siding

PVC covering (vinyl analogue tree) is known to the world for no more than half a century, which was enough to appreciate its expediency, but the wooden siding is known for a long time.

Siding from PVC.

Siding from PVC

The advantages of this method are as follows:

the protective screen is formed thanks to vinyl siding. Since it is ventilated, there is no excess moisture and is able to "breathe" the walls;
the screen is easily clean;
it does not burn, but can melt. When melting, harmful compounds are distinguished, which is why this method is considered environmentally dangerous;
durable, so the home of the old sample can be easily meditated.

From the manufacturer will depend on the durability and the ability not to burn out in the sun.

Despite all the low cost of the vinyl sheat itself, the auxiliary materials are expensive. After the measurement of the building and the calculation of materials, you can only judge the final price of siding. The most basic rule is the compliance with the technologies when installing. In order for the facade to do not have to redo and it did not finish it, it is necessary to calculate the expansion-compression of the PVC panel.

Metal coating siding, reproducing natural wood texture.

Metal Siding

It is the most resistant to the effects of mechanical nature, unpretentious and durable, fire-resistant. It consists of galvanized steel and has a coating of polymer.

Several disadvantages: in the texture and color solutions, the choice is small.

Metal siding spends current (it is controlled by grounding), and this avoids the penetration of radio magnetic waves inside - the home has a protective screen, but mobile communications catches badly.

Wooden siding.

Wooden siding

The cost of the tree is not small, which increases the social status of the owner. The appearance of such a house is unsurpassed, although the durability is not at the highest level. According to new technologies it is possible to create such wood that will serve longer than the usual. The processing tree under pressure (the process of impregnation) increases the density of the wood, so the resistance to adverse effects increases.

Facade trim brick masonry.

Brick Masonry Facade Finish

Often brick facing is a pre-calculated option of the facade of a private house. Brick has always been considered an incarnation of respectability.

If the building is already built, for example, from a tree, then leaving the facade of brick, should not be forgotten about the ventilation system, since wood can quickly spoil due to condensate.

Also, thermal insulation properties will not arise due to such a trim, if you do not qualitatively pour the gaps with liquid foam. The best option will be the insulation of basalt stove or mineral wool.

By producing brickwork, you should not forget about the foundation with waterproofing.

From whatever the old wall is made, it must be connected with the new masonry. It should be flexible connections at the rate of about 7 pieces on m 2. In height, duplicated masonry should be no more than 7m with a fronton (without - 5m). Otherwise, stability, as well as durability, will be weak.

It will be positively to look at the monotonous smooth wall decorative elements, as well as the combination of brick color solutions.

Trim Tile facade.

Trim Tile facade private house

Although the design is simple, but the execution requires special scrupuls and compliance with the installation technology. Also, such a facade is quite expensive.

For the successful facade facade from the tile, it is necessary that the walls from the masonry can satisfy. For each type of tile, there is its own individual glue. The tile can be clinker, ceramic, on cement-sand-based, from artificial or natural stone. The facade tile must be designed for work outside.

This type of cladding is done for a long time, because it is not only effectively, but also can turn a boring house into an architectural masterpiece.

Walls that were insulated can be faced in this way only if the ventilated facade was trimmed after the magnesite plate or OSB. The thickness and method of fastening depends on the load. It is allowed to make a tile of the ventilated facade of bricks.

It is necessary to take into account the stamps of the seams if you have a "brick" tile or "chopped stone". It is necessary to leave the gaps from 5 mm, and the grout color can decorate the facing. Also, larger tile options are suitable for the basement, rather than for walls. Thus, the house will look more stable and amusing. And the upper edges need to be protected with the help of a corn area and a visor from moisture.

Facing ventilated facades with clinker tiles

Collection "Glaze"

"Snow Top" "Coconut Grove" "Sea foam"

"Sunset" "Morning Dew" "Basalt"

"Walnut" "Granite" "Wet sand"

"Cherry Garden" "Lunar Eclipse" "Savannah"

"Rocky Beach" "Caramel" "Honey"

"Malachite" "Iceberg" "Wheat"

"White cloud"

Collection "Natura"

"Europe" "Africa" \u200b\u200b"America"

"Asia"

Plastering finish at home.

The facade of plaster is called "wet", as it turns on the wet work in the process. The plaster leaves 2 to 4 weeks of work.

Mineral plaster.

Mineral Plaster

The most popular because of its cheapness facing. It has a weak plasticity and short-lived. It does not apply to minuses at all, since the price and environmental properties overlap previous qualities. The walls are completely able to "breathe", and the house can be ventilated by the usual method.

Mineral plaster is most often used for walls made of material that "breathes" and is insulated by minvata or basalt plates. Near the railway and the motorway such a facade is inappropriate, so due to the vibration, the destruction of the coating can go.

Operation on average for about 10 years. It is undesirable to apply at home, recently built (except frame), you need to give shrinkage to the house.

Silicate decorative plaster.

Silicate plaster

One of the best finishes of the facade of the private house. It plastic, and also passes air, has antistatic properties, in connection with which the dust does not collect.

If you consider the cost of the material, then this is one of the most expensive "wet" facing. Installation work is also considered expensive. In operation, the facade of silicate plaster can serve for 20-25 years.

Thin-layer acrylic plaster (like "fur coat").

Acrylic plaster

Despite all its plasticity and moisture resistance, the protective film that is formed on it does not allow the house to breathe. If the house is located near the railway and other places where there is a strong vibration, then acrylic plaster just right. Also, if the walls are insulated with foam cell or polystyolster. It absorbs dust, so it is not used near the autotrass. The house needs to put additional ventilation. Stucco from acrylic is quite strong and its operating time will be 15-20 years.

Silicone plaster.

Silicone plaster

The most common "wet" cladding. She is elastic, "breathing", only she alone does not absorb chemicals and salts. If you adhere to the proper application technique, then the view, service life and strength will be good, even in the vehicles. Serves up to 25 years.

Calculation of the cost of the facade of a private house

material for 1kg (if plaster) or 1 sq.m. (if brick, siding, block house, ceramic tile);
insulation required for a specific facade area;

The device of the ventilated facade is a responsible event, the correctness of which depends on the observance of technological nuances and the choice of the material suitable for the work. This design is designed to improve the technical characteristics of the object and save it from numerous problems. Due to the presence of a gap between the facing and the basis, the air flows are freely circulated, which do not disturb the protective properties of the surface.

Ventilated facades play a large role in preserving the durability and reliability of the building. The fact is that it is due to their device the walls that free steam exchanges do not lose. If we talk easier, they breathe. This avoids the accumulation of moisture, which leads to the destruction of the structure, as well as the appearance of mold and fungus. A "pillow" is formed, which protects the building from seasonal temperature fluctuations and creates a more comfortable environment for life indoors.

What is such a design? Ventfasad is an exterior lining of a private or high-rise building, which has a technical gap between the base (insulation) and finishing material. Additionally, in the front part there are holes that provide free air flow.

To arrange a ventilated facade with your own hands for the cottage or home, you do not need to have special skills and use complex equipment. But work with industrial, warehouse or high-altitude residential buildings need special approvals and calculations depending on the specifics of the object.

Varieties of structures

Existing types of ventilated facades differ according to the materials and general installation technology used.

Frame option

This is the easiest and most popular method. Its feature is that a metal, wooden or combined lamp is erected around the perimeter of the building. It may include a number of layers that are needed to preserve heat, protect the house from the excess moisture and better steam exchange.

When the framework is erected, the following materials are used as an external cladding:

Porcelain stoneware. These are products of artificial origin, is made of pressed and burned clay. Released in the form of plates, which are characterized by a lot of weight and good resistance to influences. The feature of the fastening of porcelain stoneware is that the elements are installed on the frame using special kleimers (brackets). There are gaps between fragments that contribute to better ventilation. But this option needs enhanced protection against moisture penetration.
Composite or other types of panels. Production technology allows you to get reliable and lightweight material that has excellent properties. Installation of panels can be made in various ways that allow you to create an open or closed joint. At the same time, open gaps can be equipped with a special moisture protection screen.
Glass panels. Used mainly when working with multi-storey office or industrial facilities. Complex in operation, so the laying is carried out only by professionals.

Advantages and disadvantages of frame ventilation

Framework structures have a number of advantages that allocate them among other ways to create external cladding.

Benefits:

Fast erection. In the presence of all components, installation can be carried out in a short time. In addition, if the wall is without significant damage, it does not need a serious preparation.
Protection. The design reliably protects the house from various kinds of impacts, and also increases longevity, since there is no moisture stiring due to free vapor permeability.
Decorativeness. Thanks to the rich assortment of facing materials, you can choose the option to meet all the requirements and preferences.

There are disadvantages:

The need for a clear and proper performance of work. It is technical errors (an inappropriate gap size, the absence of additional ventilation holes) lead to undesirable consequences.
Difficulty when using products stacked with glue. So, the use of artificial and natural stone or clinker tiles is very difficult. But there is an output: when choosing such products, the frame is pre-strengthened and is trimmed with tiled materials. Works should be carried out with special care, because serious requirements are presented to the design.

In any case, the ventilated facades are gaining increasing popularity. This contributes to the diversity of finishing products and the durability of the surface. External cladding with the correctly erected frame without difficulty is replaced by more modern.

Used in the absence of crate. This technology involves the use of materials that are installed at some distance from the surface. A classic example is facing brick. The masonry is mounted so that the ventilation gap formed. For its operation in the lower and upper rows of bricks between the details, areas without a solution are left. Often the top row is laid out with a gap, which is covered with a decorative plank.

On a note! This method is more laborious. To obtain a qualitative result, it is necessary to observe the set of nuances, including properly distribute the reinforcement or wire ligament. Therefore, the first option is preferable, especially when self-execution.

Features of the device of the ventilated facade

Such facades have a specific scheme of a device that should not be disturbed:

The top layer is a cladding of any suitable material. It is impossible to create a solid coating, completely devoid of holes.
Racks frame. They hold the finish with special fixtures.
Ventilation. It is he who creates the desired effect and protects the structure from the accumulation of moisture and temperature drops.
Membrane. Closes thermal insulation material and promotes vapor permeability.
Layer of insulation. This uses suitable products according to parameters.
Fake frame. The brackets are set in different ways, the fastener is preferred directly on the base.

When the object is located next to the source of strong noise, the soundproofing layer is additionally stacked.

Montaja technology

To create a ventilated design with your own hands, you need to perform a series of consecutive actions.

The result will be the facade, which will reliably protect the house from various influences and will create a special microclimate.

The exterior finish of the house or building is released on a newest and high-quality level. Today, owners of private houses and buildings have increasingly began to use ventilated facades to favay their housing. It is a handsome and practical way to decorate your home with which almost anyone will cope.

Features and purpose

If you refer to the definition of the ventilated facade, It is characterized as a whole system consisting of several components.

Metal carcass. It is attached directly to the bearing walls in such a way that an air pocket remains between facing plates and a layer of insulation. For this reason, this type of construction is called ventilated.
Layer insulation. As a rule, mineral wool is used. The masters are advised not to apply a foam or polystyrene as insulation, since they have a low level of noise absorption and vaporizolation.
Facing plates or blocks. They can be made of porcelain stoneware, fibrcement and other materials.

The ventilated facades were widespread in Russia due to a number of distinctive and unique properties. This technology was borrowed from Western colleagues and is successfully used in our country. They are installed both on ordinary private houses, as well as outdoor buildings, such as supermarkets, shopping centers. Their dignity is difficult to embellish.

It is necessary to highlight its protective properties. As a rule, ventfassad is made of durable hydrophobic materials that perfectly protect the walls and the building itself from moisture and temperature drops. If some part of the water vapor leaked between the slots, then it is absorbed by the thick layer of drainage. Hinged facing serves at least 25-30 years. The duration of the service life depends on the material selected. If porcelain stoneware is used, then the guaranteed service life is at least 50 years.

This system has a number of distinctive features and on its thermal insulation qualities. Such a facade does not allow to heat the walls, and as a result, the interior is not overheated.The room is always comfortable: moderately warm and nezarko. Due to its ease in the installation, you can very quickly make external repairs. A large variety of material gives an unlimited number of options for creating a unique design of the construction.

It is impossible not to mention its sound insulation properties. Due to the air layer, this facade is able to restrain a fairly high level of noise. In combination with a triple or double double glazing, such walls will give the optimal level of silence in a noisy city. Materials that are included in the system of hinged ventilated facades are firewall and do not give fire.

Construction: Pros and Cons

Over the past few years, the number of projects of residential buildings, public organizations, educational institutions with the installation of the ventilated facade increased tenfold. Like other facing structures, Ventfasad has several advantages and disadvantages that must be considered when installing and further operation.

There are few minuses of this facade design, but they take place. First of all, experts note that the system of frame metal nodes for fastening may worsen the homogeneity of the thermal air barrier. Metal does not hold heat, so it is necessary to lay a thicker layer of insulation. This is especially important for the northern regions of the country.

With the illiterate calculation of the thermal coefficient of materials, thermal insulation will be bad.For this reason, a number of problems may appear that require the next money infusion. If we talk about the insulation, then there are also a number of nuances. During the long-term use, it undergo a number of changes: shrinkage and thinning.

So that this design well performs its functions, the masters advise to lay insulating material as "pie". The first layer consists of a softer and loose insulation, and the subsequent is more rigid and dense.

The device of the ventilated facade involves the presence of a small air gap and narrow slots. During the rain or active spring thaw moisture easily enters air pockets. This leads to the swelling and weighting of Minvati, as well as the appearance of mold in the house or apartment. To prevent such consequences, it is necessary to lay a special waterproofing film for vapor barrier. The financial side of the issue is also important. Installing the ventilated facade is a bit more expensive than fastening the usual siding panels. Such a price is obtained due to a large number of calculations and the material used.

If we talk about the pros, then it is worth starting with the versatility of ventilated facades. Due to its simplicity of installation, it can be used on buildings and buildings of any type. This design is set much faster than the usual cladding, since it does not require the initial preparation of walls to installation.

If some facing plate was deformed (rubbed or broken), then it is easy and simply changing. No need to remove all panels from a row.

Ventfasad is an excellent protecting shield for the building from atmospheric phenomena. Because of the unique ventilation system, the air flows are not allowed to accumulate a water pair, "blow out" surplus heat on a hot day, and also retain the inner heat of the building due to air pocket. This facade can pay off for 10-15 years of use under the condition of high-quality installation on all the rules and standards. The owner of the building will spend much less means to preserve heat in the room.

In the conditions of a private house, where there is its heating, it will take a much less gas or other fuel to maintain a comfortable temperature in the rooms. Additional means for facing care will not be required. If you compare the number of positive and negative sides of the ventfassada, then it is safe to say that it is great for the climatic conditions of Russia and will deserve all its guaranteed operational period.

Main elements: types and properties

The ventilated facade has a clear structure that consists of a number of elements. It is very important that the installer knows how to work with all the species variety of materials and knew their physical properties. Otherwise, an inexperienced employee can allow a large number of rough mistakes that can significantly affect the final result. The first and most basic element is the supporting wall. Its technical parameters determine the choice of design, which will be installed later.

Deviation of walls vertically and horizontal from straight axis. Very often you have to work with the construction, where the foundation twisted or the walls have an uneven structure. In this regard, it is necessary to select a special system of fasteners, which will not enhance the load on the structure.

Used material for the construction of an object. Today, houses and buildings are built from a variety of building material: bricks, wood, foam blocks and others. They have different composition and certain technical parameters that must be taken into account when installing the ventilated facade.

Degree of worniness bearing walls and structures.

If you want to improve the facade of the building, which is built from the old and crumbling brick, then you need to use lungs and at the same time durable materials. They will "hold" the walls and not give them to collapse further.

The second element of Ventfasada is a substructure or subsystem. These include the following elements:

brackets;
carrying profile;
auxiliary materials (fastening corners, anchors, dowels, selflessness and others).

With the help of these elements, a durable lattice is created to which the insulation and facing material is fixed. Thanks to her, it creates that the most necessary airspace or ventilation pockets. And also does not require adhesive solution to secure facade plates, and this is a significant savings. Today there is a production of both wooden and metal planks. The choice of material depends on the building, insulation and facing plates.

The next layer is thermal insulation. It includes a layer of insulation that performs the following functions:

protects the walls from the freezing, the formation of ice crust, inlet;
does not give moisture to destroy the construction of the house from the inside;
holds heat inside the building;
provides additional sound insulation indoors.

It is best to take Minvatu as a insulation - this is a non-combustible material. It does not absorb moisture, easy to use and perfectly performs its functions. In colder regions, very often in front of the layer of the insulation material, the paronite gasket is laid, which performs the thermal dispersion function. Additional insulation helps to avoid the appearance of so-called cold bridges.

The fourth element in the system of the ventilated facade is the windproof membrane. It is necessary in order to restrain moisture and not give her to penetrate into further layers.

In the market you can meet the insulation, which already has a layer of this film, but it is better to buy it separately (the intervals between the plates should also be "covered").

The next link in this design is an air gap. Here he plays a key role, because thanks to him a traction effect is created. Air flows are evenly circulated under the facing material and do not give moisture to settle on the surface of the insulation and the protective film. And also he participates in the thermal exchange between the environment and the building itself. Thanks to the zazor, the heat loss in the winter period is significantly lower.

The final element of the system is facing plates. They can be made of various materials: sandstone, porcelain stoneware, marble and others. The facade panels are selected under the type of building, the condition of its walls (degree of hearth) and other aesthetic preferences (color, shape, structure). Facing performs the following functions:

protects the construction from external influences: temperature differences, rain, snow and others;
hides under him insulation and other communications if available;
improves the appearance of the structure, and also gives it a modern and beautiful appearance.

Air gap

One of the important aspects of the ventilated facade is an air gap. First of all, it is necessary to understand its main functions, such as:

it helps to align the pressure on the facade of the building during strong hurricanes or harsh wind gusts;
air pocket helps to restrain heat inside the building;
ventzor does not allow rain drops inside. The buildings are always dry;
due to its "capillary" system, the facade is blown away. In this regard, water steam is not delayed inside, as a result of which the risk of molds and fungus decreases;
the air gap helps to hide all the roughness and irregularities of the walls of the walls. Such facade is especially relevant for old buildings.

There are a number of regulatory documents, where the minimum value of the ventilation gap is indicated. The air gap between the insulation and facing panels should be equal to at least 2-2.5 cm. The distance can decrease or increase depending on the smoothness of the wall or climatic characteristics of the region. The main thing is that it is enough for the normal functioning of the drainage layer. There are and very long distances - 10-13 cm.

The masters advise that the gap does not exceed 15 cm, as it will not perform its main function - thermal insulation.

The calculation is made on the basis of such parameters as:

area of \u200b\u200bone sheet or facade coating plate;
his thickness.

If there are open seams on each side of the panel, then the gap should be 5 cm, provided that the facing material has a width of 0.2-1 cm and the surface area of \u200b\u200ba separate plate is 0.3-0.4 square meters. M, and with a smaller area - 3 cm. In the case of only horizontal or vertical open seams, the air gap distance should be 4 cm, when the width is also 0.2-1 cm and the surface area of \u200b\u200bone panel is 0.3-0.4 sq. m. With a smaller area, the ventilation must be 2 cm.

An important moment when calculating the distance between the facing and the insulation is fireproof. From the school course in physics, everyone remembers that the fire burns only where there is oxygen. Since there is an air flow between the front plates, which can create a traction effect as in a Russian oven, then it can create a situation that promotes the spread of fire on the building. Therefore, the greater the width of the air pocket, the greater risk is the structure during a fire. In this regard, the installation of a special barrier, which will restrain the air flow and will not give the flame to spread. If the gap is small (2-3 cm), then it does not need.

System varieties

Today, the market is filled with a variety of materials to install the ventilated facade. They differ in both the price and quality. In this regard, it is conventionally distinguished by three groups that differ in pricing policy. This is only the main list of systems used on ventilated facades. Every year, more advanced and universal facing plates or panels appear, which can please their appearance, excellent physical properties and a pleasant price.

A budget option. Inexpensive materials are used here. Metal frame is performed from an aluminum or zinc profile. A glass gamble or slag is taken as insulation. Facing is also simple. It can be a tile of artificial stone, wooden panels, vinyl or aluminum siding.

Medium-valuable option.As a rule, goods with an average price are selected here or some kind of materials are more expensive, and some more cheap. For example, a frame can be made of galvanized steel, the insulation is selected with an average price, and a professional chief or metal profile. Or, on the contrary, save on a frame with insulation and acquire a more high-quality facade tile from composite materials.

Expensive option.High-quality materials are selected here to maximize the service life of Ventfasada. If, for example, it is a private cottage and owner, you want to make an external redemption as possible as possible, then the preference will be given a frame of steel with anti-corrosion spraying, high-quality insulation - Minvat, Penopelex, and a tile from the composite (they are particularly resistant to aggressive external environment).

It is worth understanding the fact that the choice of components should be based on the material from which the walls are built. If it is aerated concrete, then all selected materials must be lightweight. For a monolithic or brick house, almost any designs will be suitable.

The wizards classify the ventilated facades by the type of facade plates used.

Facing from fibro-cement panels. This is one of the frequently used facing. It consists of cement, fiberglass, cellulose and plastics. Plates have a large operational period and are excellent additional thermal insulator due to their dense structure. They have a beautiful texture, as well as a large color palette. They are an environmentally friendly product, do not emit poisonous substances into the atmosphere when heated. Another positive quality of such a cladding is adjustable weight. Manufacturers can produce more light and thin plates for dilapidated buildings to reduce the load on the bearing walls and the foundation. Significant minuses are a bit - the ability to absorb moisture, and as a result of this, increase weight by 4-6% of the total mass.

Facing for imitation of natural stone or brick. This option is practical and always in fashion. This facade material will last long time. It is made of a mixture of cement, plaster and stone crumb. It does not absorb moisture, has a small weight and is represented by various colors.

Aluminum composite panels. Immediately it should be noted that this is a multilayer facing material, which consists of several layers of aluminum, cellulose or plastic. Negative qualities include a high price and the ability to scratch the paint layer. The benefits of such facade plates a lot, namely:
- have excellent sound and thermal insulation properties;
- do not subject corrosion;
- do not affect ultraviolet rays, food acids and alkaline solutions;
- excellent ratio of weight and strength, plates are very durable and rigid in structure;
- do not absorb moisture;
- do not merge.

Algometra plates. This is one of the most durable facing materials. It consists of only natural components: granite and marble crumb. By its structure, it is very durable and reliable material, so the tile does not give in to the effects of atmospheric phenomena in the form of rain, hail, snow, strong wind. If we talk about the texture, then it happens rough and smooth. The color palette is quite diverse and will delight the buyer with a great choice.

Such a cladding has a considerable weight, so the masters recommend attaching such plates only on the steel frame.

Glass facade panels. This species is most often found at large business centers or trading complexes. They give a special charm and beauty, making the building with ultramodern, fashionable and air. This type of facing has both positive and negative sides. The advantages include the effectiveness of the facade, reliability and strength and low weight. The minuses of glass facade panels belong, such as:
- in the cold period, condensate is formed;
- the need for monthly cleaning, otherwise there will be divorces from droplets of rain or other precipitation;
- if the plates are poorly fixed or the building collapsing, they can be broken and forming a glass crumb that is very intended

Natural wood panels. Wooden cladding on the market has long and appreciated for their unique qualities. First of all, it is an environmentally friendly material that does not harm a person. The data of the panels are "breathe" and have excellent thermal insulation properties. Wooden panels make a building or house more comfortable and pleasant.

The minus of such a facade is only that it is often necessary to process pests from insect pests, covering a protective solution from mold and fungus.

Manufacturers and innovation

Ventilated facade is a relatively recently borrowed building cladding technology. She has already managed to establish in the market and get positive feedback from consumers. Today, in Russia there are more than 150 companies that are engaged in the production of necessary component materials (fastening, facing tiles, insulation and others), its calculation for structures with subsequent installation.

If we talk about individual firms, then one of the most famous is White Hills. This company is engaged in the production of facing panels from stone using vibration technology. They have proven themselves as a supplier and a manufacturer of quality products that will help to implement any designer idea. And they also have a unique system for fastening the front plates. Thanks to it, the moisture is not delayed in air pockets, and the air constantly circulates.

White Hills ensures that its products will serve at least 40 years. Ventilated facades from WHITE HILLS are valued abroad.

Not inferior in the quality and firm from Switzerland Alucobond. Their product is metal multicomponent sandwich panels, which are also called aluminum. It is a durable building material that can serve at least 40-50 years without repair or any other interventions. Thanks to its plastic properties, such panels are easily cutting and "fit" under the shape of the wall. They are very durable, not subject to corrosion, do not react to dietary acids and alkaline solutions.

The design of this facing material has a lot of options. Panels have a large color choice, and can also mimic various surfaces (marble, wood, chromium and others). Consumers note that they are easily and quickly attached and do not create additional load on the foundation and bearing walls. The minuses of aluCobond include the following:

the material allocates poisonous substances during combustion;
in case of replacement, you need to shoot a number of additional panels.

NORD FOX products are highly appreciated. It produces all the necessary components for installing the ventilated facade, as well as high-quality facing panels. They are installed on both private buildings and multi-storey business centers. The beauty and aesthetics of the facade tile differs the products "Facade-Stroy". It is appreciated for a large selection of textures and textures of the material, as well as an acceptable price.

Pleases SCANROC products. It provides a large selection of material at a nice price. One of the most advanced countries in the country is Japan. In the manufacture of facade panels, Japanese companies also distinguished themselves. Japanese facing plates are solar panels that accumulate solar energy and transform it into electricity.

This type of facade is very expensive, but it pays for approximately 5-6 years of use.

Rules for calculating materials

According to the rules and standards of construction and finishing work, all calculations of component materials are performed on the design stage of a private building or at home. But in practice it comes out a little different. It happens that the owner wants to improve the external and internal state of the construction due to the installation of the ventilated facade, where the preliminary calculation of the necessary elements will also be needed.

It can be done as an independent calculation, so refer to the specialists, if there are little experience in such a matter. The second option is easier and better, since a person will receive accurate data: the number of fasteners, the thickness and density of the insulation (it all depends on the humidity of the region and the heat engineering parameters of the building), as well as the number of facing material. In the case when I want to save money, almost anyone will cope with such a task.

You must first make a construction scheme where parameters such as height, width and length will be indicated. In order not to measure my own, you can use the building of the building where all values \u200b\u200bare indicated. Further, simple mathematical actions contains the walls of the walls. Since the windows and doors are not covered with a ventilated facade, their quadrature is subtracted from the total surface of the walls of the walls.

If the building has an unusual or complicated form, then it is divided into simple figures (square, rectangle) for simplicity of counting.

Having learned the necessary parameters can be processed to the calculation of the material. It is worth starting with vapor barrier. Its amount is equal to the surface of the walls. A plus to everything you need to add a 20-30 cm from each edge to a turn in the corners to achieve the coating uniformity. The amount of insulation exactly coincides with the square. No need to leave the allowance.

The main parameter in its choice will be the density coefficient and the thickness of one plate. Each region of Russia has its own climatic features, so these values \u200b\u200bare very important. Where the wet continental climate dominates, the masters advise to use a more dense and thick layer, but the ventilation must be small to fall less moisture. This is due to the fact that the Ministry of Service absorbs moisture and increases its weight, and accordingly the pressure on 1 m² surface of the wall increases.

Do not forget about building fungi for fixing the insulation. Their number is taken from the calculation of 5-6 pieces per 1 sheet.

The facing material is equal to the area of \u200b\u200bthe walls, but it is worth adding several plates in case of marriage or trimming. The larger the structure, the greater there should be a stock (approximately 5-7% of the total). A little difficult will be counting a metal frame. This is due to the fact that the frequency of intersections depends on the type and weight of the facade plates or panels.

Methods of installation

Ventfasada is quite complicated. To make it all right, it is necessary to fulfill all the work and without a rush. As the masters say, only for a year after the installation will be revealed all admitted flashes and inaccuracies: the front tile can fall off, fall off a piece of insulation, if it is poorly attached. All work is divided into several stages.

Preparatory work. The first thing to do is to burn the territory with the help of warning signs for the safety of others. This rule mainly concerns large buildings that are in the revived fields of the city. Next, the wall inspection is made. All the flaws and the condition of the supporting structures are revealed. It should be disassembling all mounted fasteners that will interfere with further work. The garbage is cleaned, the old plaster scraps. The surface is prepared for the installation of the substructure (metal or wooden frame).

Mounting walls. At this stage, a roulette, laser and a bellus will be required. They will help make a distinguished without curvature and deviations. The first thing is denoted by the lower horizontal line, which will be a reference point for the installation of the lowest level of the facing material. Next, with the help of the rope, vertical and horizontal axes at a right angle with the same removal from each other are made.

In places of their intersection, so-called lighthouses are attached - this is the future places of fastening of kleimers for a wooden bar, dowels and brackets.

Installing brackets that will hold a metal frame. For this, openings are made at the outlined points using a perforator. It is worth noting that the perforator is not suitable for all walls. If they are made of aerated concrete blocks or porous bricks, then it is necessary to use a drill with a special drill. Next, a dowel is driven.
Installing a metal frame. It is fixed by self-drawing. Here is the manufacture of the so-called grid, in which the Ministry of Service will be laid in the puzzle. At the same stage, fire cut-offs are mounted, which are necessary to block the free stroke of air flows. They do not give fire to the external perimeter of the building. It is worth noting that the length of the opening must be several millimeters more. Then the brackets are fixed using anchors.

Laying insulation. Before insulating walls, they must be treated in advance with a special solution, which prevents the appearance of mold and fungus. The insulation sheets are put in the finished "grid" of the wall frame. They are secured using a dowel with a specific hat at the end so that the material does not slip or asked. On top of the waterproofing film.

It is very important that its edges find each other at least 15 cm, otherwise the necessary effect will not be achieved. The masters advise to start laying the insulation sheets from the bottom up in the horizontal direction. So, there will be fewer cracks and inconsistencies between the material.

Installation of facing plates. First, carrier guides are installed. On top there are profiles on which the facade plates or panels will be hung. The profile must be seamless to the type of facade material, as each of them has its own special parameters: weight, thickness and others. Facing material is fixed with special ripples or screws. It is necessary to maintain the same distance between the stoves. For the strength of the design, the square of the tiles inside is fixed with an additional metal lock.

Installing slopes. After mounting the facade, you can proceed to the window slopes and slopes on the loggia or balcony.

Beautiful examples

There are a lot of possible options for designing a ventilated facade. The main thing is that beauty combines with functionality without prejudice to the construction. This image shows a bright color combination that refreshes the building makes it more attractive.

Private house can also be unusual and modern. Here there is a combination of two types of facing plates: made of metal and porcelain stoneware. In the northern regions of the country, a ventilable facade with a two-layer insulation is very often made, which blocks the appearance of "Cold Bridges".

The presence of two layers does not affect the appearance of the construction.

Facade plates may have absolutely different shape and texture. This example shows a successful combination of hexagon and glass surface. The structure looks very effectively and unusual. Special attention requires non-standard roof design. The tile was presented not clearly along the contour of the house, but made a little higher. Because of this, the whole building seems more air and easy.

About the features of mounting and ridicuing ventilated facades, see the following video.

Ventilated facade systems are widely used to decorate walls of private houses, industrial buildings and high-rise buildings. There are several varieties of such systems that are used in modern construction. They are used both by private craftsmen and solid construction organizations. The technology of installation of the crate depends on the type of facing material that will be decorated, and protect the structure from negative factors. The device of the ventilated facade can be both with insulation, and without it.
Note - This method of finishing can be used in summer and winter.

Types of popular facade panels

Porcelain stoneward plates are used on large facades, basements and entrance groups. Apply with or without insulation. Mixed on a metal frame with special beammers. Serve up to 60 years old, do not fade. These plates are heavier than other finishing materials, so at high-rise buildings are mounted on the enhanced subsystem. Its parameters can be calculated using a special calculator.
Composite panels are aluminum cassettes that are cut and bend from a sheet of composite material. Standard sheet dimensions are different for each thickness. So for a sheet of 3mm thick - 1.5 * 4m, for a sheet with a thickness of 4mm- 1.25 * 2.5. They have a slight weight of about 7kg per 1m2, flexibility and variety of color options. Such mounted panels ensure the protection of the walls from aggressive natural impacts. Mainly applied on industrial buildings, shopping centers, and as a finishing material of residential buildings.
Fibro cement plates are characterized by special strength and durability. Made in various colors.
Natural stone is used to finish building base, or as a facing material of large, municipal buildings. Unlike porcelain stoneware, such material is solid and more resistant to shock.

What is a ventilated facade

To ensure a favorable microclimate in the room and protect the outer walls of the building, the design of the ventilation facade consists of various materials. It includes: insulation, membrane, subsystem, facing material and fasteners. As a result of the facade finish, a system is obtained that ensures the insulation of the walls and ventilation between the insulation and the facing material. When installing materials on the wall walls, the technology should be respected about.

Compliance with Montaja technology

Ventilated facade systems operate in a complex with insulation. In the case when the installation is carried out with violations of technology, the system loses its effectiveness. For example, when the insulation layer is loosely adjacent to the wall and has breaks, cold bridges arise, which reduce the effectiveness of the insulation . A air buffer should be between the membrane and facing material. Some types of facade panels have a high coefficient of temperature expansion, so it is necessary to correctly fasten these elements.

Many private customers make the same mistake: they independently buy materials to finish their homes. At the same time, they rely on the advice of certain sellers from the construction markets, which "hit" them are unnecessary for themselves or produce counting, based on the size of the customer. In fact, it turns out that the customer has gained extra elements or did not buy any materials. More reasonably will be entrusted to the calculations of the organization or the private wizard, which will face the facade.

Add 3-4% of the stock to the materials. To the total length of the profile it is worth adding at least 5%

Most large construction organizations have in their staff of qualified engineers and estimates that correctly calculate the number of materials will choose the appropriate insulation and attachment panels. But what to do the owner of a small private house, which wishes to make his dwelling with beautiful and warm. After all, not every major organization is taken for small volumes. Hiring private masters, but on their statement when choosing materials, that "so already done" and "everything is fine", you should not count very much.

How to choose a material?

This question concerns the insulation. Other elements of the facade can be applied in all conditions and can be chosen by relying on their taste and size of the wallet. In order to choose the type of insulation and its thickness you need to go as well as qualified engineers. To familiarize yourself with the SNiP of the insulation, which corresponds to your climatic zone.
SNiP - a set of norms and rules used in construction.

In these documents, you will find information about which layer of the insulation must be laid under the lining panel. At the same time consider the type of structure. Brick house or wooden, panel or frame. Materials from which these homes are made have a different thermal conductivity coefficient, so the layer of the filling of the cladding will be different. After charging information, from the competent sources that you can find on the Internet, you will be able to make your home very warm, attractive with the observance of technology.

Frame for mounted facades

The frame is a design that is a grid of metal profiles or wooden bars. It consists of fastening elements for facing material, carrier guides and brackets that differ in the form and ability to withstand loads (carrier capacity). For example, a reinforced brackets will be needed to finish the walls of the walls, and for the finishing of a small building, a direct suspension (lightweight bracket) will be needed.

Metal carcass

Depending on the type of finishing material in the manufacture of the frame, a certain distance between profiles and suspension is observed. For example, for porcelain stoneware when applying the galvanized subsystem, the distance between vertical and horizontal profiles is 60 cm. The same step between the suspensions. In the design of such a frame there are bellows, by means of which the tile is attached. The fasteners are selected depending on the type of wall. Self-tapping screws are used for wood, and for a brick dowel. Such a frame provides high reliability of the entire facade design. For the manufacture of such a carcass requires a professional tool and builder skills.

Wooden frame

It is manufactured from bars with a cross section of 50-50 mm. The mounting to the wall is performed using direct suspensions or screws with a length of 100 mm. The design of such a frame is quite simple and can make a beginner assembly. It is worth noting that heavier finishing materials should not be attached to such a crate. On such a frame design, vinyl or metal siding should be applied.

Fastening the mounted panels to the frame

Porcelain stoneware is attached to the facade with the help of curmmers, aluminum-composite panels are attached to the sled - these are special fasteners. Clammers are attached to the frame of rivets, and then a porcelain stove plate is mounted on them.
In the instruction that comes with finishing panels, has all the necessary information that helps to carry out high-quality installation. Screws, with which the panels are fastened, are selected depending on the material from which the frame is made. For metal frame, screws for metal are used, and for wood wood.But for fixing vinyl siding it is better to apply screws with a press washer . This will ensure the reliability of the facade design.

As a rule, the essence of the assembly of the subsystem for all types of facing material is the same, only elements of fastening, cracks, salazzas or profiles that are used for fastening differ. Next, consider the installation of porcelain stoneware, as it is one of the most common finishing materials.

Installation of ventilated facades with porcelain stoneward plates

Before starting work, the wall markup is marked. In places, the locations of the brackets are applied labels and drilled holes. The diameter and long of the borah, which produce drilling, must correspond to the size of an anchor dowel. After attaching brackets, the insulation is started. It must continuously cover the entire surface of the wall and be securely fixed on it. For this use randides. They are a plastic dowel with a large diameter hat. When installing the edge, the insulation is covered with a vaporizolation membrane and produce fastening through it. Thus, the membrane reliably rests on the insulation.

The composition of the ventupasadov design includes metal profiles that need to be fixed on the brackets and with the help of them to create one plane. To do this, the first profile has a building angle and the second from the opposite. When mounting profiles control the vertical using the level. In order to create a single plane between profiles, the caproor threads are stretched between them should be no more than one meter. After that, they begin to install the following profiles that are attached on the brackets using exhaust rivets.

Tip from "Facade"

Note - For the purpose of savings, the use of screws is allowed, but this type of fastener is not recommended, since the screw mount is unscrewed under the influence of acoustic effects.

According to the installation technology of porcelain panels, special beammers should be applied, which are designed for fastening the slabs on the frame and are included in the package of the facade system. This equipment allows you to assemble the ventilated facade very quickly and efficiently. Cleamers are fixed to the frame using rivets. Before starting the fastening of these elements, you can pull the thread along the framework, which will determine the location of the lower beats.

It should be noted that the equipment of the facade systems includes several varieties of cough.

It consists of klimmers, which are located below the plate, side and above. After mounting the lower mounts, the first slab at the angle is installed and fix it with a side curler. So carry out the installation of the entire lower row of the front plates. After that, the upper klimmers are fastened, which are lower for the second row of plates and repeat the actions described above. If everything is done according to this instruction in your home will be warm, and the front system will last for many years.