Devices and safe operation of steam. Rules of device and safe operation of steam and water boilers. Control over compliance with these rules

Registration No. 4703.

Decision

"On approval of the rules of device and safe operation

steam and water boilers "

Gosgortkhnadzor Russia decides:

1. To approve the rules of the device and the safe operation of steam and water boilers.

2. Send rules for the device and safe operation of steam and water-heating boilers for state registration with the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation.

Head of Gosgortkhnadzor of Russia

V.M. Cults

Rules of device and safe operation of steam and water boilers

PB 10-574-03

I. General provisions

1.1. Appointment and scope of rules

1.1.1. Rules of device and safe operation of steam and water boilers (hereinafter referred to as the text of the rule) establish requirements for design, design, materials, manufacturing, installation, commissioning, repair and operation of steam boilers, autonomous steamers and operating systems with operating pressure (1) more than 0.07 MPa (0.7 kgf / cm 2), water boilers and autonomous economizers (2) with water temperature above 115 ° C.

Conventions used in the rules and units of measurement are shown in Appendix 3.

1.1.2. Rules apply to:

a) steam boilers, including boilers boilers, as well as autonomous steamers and economizers;

b) water-heating and pipeline boilers;

c) Energy technological boilers: steam and water-heating, including conjunctioning boilers (CRC);

d) boilers - utilizers (steam and water heating);

e) boilers of mobile and transportable installations and energy trains;

e) boilers steam and liquid, working with high-temperature organic heat carriers (here);

g) Steam and hot water pipes within the boiler.

1.1.3. Rules do not apply to:

a) boilers, autonomous steamers and economizers installed on marine and river vessels and other floating means (except for drag) and underwater facilities;

b) heating boilers of railway tracks;

c) electric heating boilers;

d) boilers with a vapor and water space of 0.001 m 3 (1 L) and less in which the work of the working pressure in MPa (kgf / cm 2) on the volume in m 3 (L) does not exceed 0.002 (20);

e) on thermal power equipment of nuclear power plants;

(e) Par steamers of tubular furnaces of the oil refining and petrochemical industries.

1.1.4. Retreats from the rules can be allowed only to resolve the Gosgortkhnadzor of Russia.

To obtain permission, the company must submit a relevant justification of the Russian State Union, and if necessary, the conclusion of a specialized organization. A copy of the rules from the rules must be applied to the boiler passport.

1.2. Responsibility for violations of the rules

1.2.1. The rules are mandatory for execution by managers and specialists engaged in design, manufacturing, installation, commissioning, repair, technical diagnostics, examination and operation of boilers, autonomous steamers, economizers and pipelines within the boiler (3).

1.2.2. For the correctness of the design of the boiler, the calculation of it for strength, the choice of material, the quality of manufacture, installation, adjustment, repair, technical diagnostics, examination, as well as for the compliance of the boiler, the requirements of the rules, standards and other regulatory documentation (hereinafter referred to From departmental affiliation and ownership forms), fulfilling the appropriate work.

1.2.3. Managers and specialists of organizations engaged in designing, designing, manufacturing, commissioning, technical diagnostics, examination and exploitation, violating rules, are responsible in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

All boilers operate in accordance with the requirements specified by the Inspectorate of the Gosgortkhnadzor. When they are not fulfilled in boilers, fires may occur and explosions. For the reasons of explosions include:

· Malfunction of measuring and (or) safety devices for controlling the modes of the boiler (safety valves, pressure gauges, water appliances);

· Violation of the process of preparing a combustible mixture, for example due to the malfunction of the nozzle, the emergency stop of the fan, etc.);

· Reducing the strength of the walls of the boiler as a result of corrosion, overheating, etc.;

· The work of the boiler without supervision;

· Incompretable technical examination of the boiler;

· Large layer of scale on the walls;

· Maintenance of boilers of the untrained personnel.

Steam overpressure boilers Over 0.07 MPa and water boilers with water temperature of more than 115 ° C must be registered in government gosgurthum. For registration in the inspection, the following documents are submitted: a statement, a boiler passport, an act of the health of the boiler, if he arrived in the assembled form; Certificate of quality of installation, a drawing of a boiler room, a certificate of compliance with the project, a certificate of feeding devices and their characteristics.

Steam boilers with overpressure less than or equal to 0.07 MPa, and water heating boilers with water heating temperature not exceeding 115 ° C, it is necessary to place in separate buildings or rooms separated from the production firewall (fire wall). You can not install boilers under the premises, in which there is a large number of people, under the warehouses of combustible materials (except those that serve as fuel for the boiler room) and in the premises adjacent to them.

Floors in boiler rooms should be from non-aggravated non-slip materials (concrete).

The distance from the front of the boilers to the opposite wall should be at least 3 m, for boilers on liquid and gas fuel - not less than 2 m. The width of the passages between the boilers, as well as between the boilers and the wall should be at least 1 m.

In the boiler room less than 200 m2, one entrance door is arranged, opening out, with a larger area - at least two in opposite parts of the room. The doors made of boiler house to other rooms must open towards the boiler room, there are devices for self-sharpening and to be covered with sheet iron from the boiler room.

The boiler room is equipped with natural and artificial ventilation and emergency lighting system (provided for the area of \u200b\u200broom less than 250 m2 to use lights, including rechargeable, and at an area of \u200b\u200bmore than 250 m2 - an autonomous source of energy supply and electrical lamps).

On the pipelines of liquid fuel, stop valves are installed in case of an accident or fire, but at least two: one - at the burner, and the other is outside the boiler house. Fuel tank with a capacity of not more than 0.5 m3 is allowed to be installed in the same room with boilers, but not closer than 3 m from them. Reservoirs with liquid fuel are located at a distance of at least 12 m from the boiler room and equipped with a lightning protection device.

In the boiler room should be: labor protection instructions for operators posted in a prominent place; Fire inventory, including two foam fire extinguishers, sandbox with a capacity of at least 0.5 m3, shovel, bucket and baccor.

On the housing of the boiler should be a plate with handling data: the name of the manufacturer, the factory number, the year of manufacture, values \u200b\u200bof the working and test pressure, permissible heating temperature of the boiler walls.

The person responsible for the safe operation of the boilers is the head of the boiler room. In the absence of this position, an order to the enterprise is responsible for one of the engineering and technical workers, who at least once every three years should be checked for knowledge in the relevant commission of the enterprise.

For the service of boilers, those who have undergone medical examination, training on the relevant program and having a certificate issued by the Qualification Commission of the enterprise, where training was conducted. Re-checking knowledge of operators is carried out at least once a year, as well as when switching to the maintenance of boilers of other types.

In the boiler room, a driver journal should be conducted, in which the eldest shift signs in the reception and delivery of the shift, notes the start time and stopping boilers, noticed faults. It is forbidden to leave the boiler without supervision after the cessation of burning until the pressure in it decreases to atmospheric.

During operation:

· Check the water appliance instruments by purging at least once in shift (as a rule, 2 ... 3 times);

· Control the serviceability of safety valves with each start of the boiler to work, but in any case, at least once in shift (safety valves of steam boilers with overpressure up to 1.3 MPa should be triggered by increasing the operating pressure by 0.03 MPa);

· Check and fill pressure gauges at least once a year.

A red feature corresponding to the maximum working pressure should be on the pressure gauge dial. It is forbidden to apply such a feature on the glass gauge, as it can turn and the mark of the maximum allowed pressure will shift. When resetting the pressure, the arrow should stop at the zero division of the scale. During operation, it must be within the middle third of the scale. In this case, the pressure gauges install not lower than the class of accuracy of 2.5. The diameter of the pressure gauges should be at least 100 mm at the height of their location up to 2 m and at least 150mm -2 ... 5m from the floor level. These devices are installed on a boiler vertically or tilt forward up to 30 °.

It is not allowed to use pressure gauges if there is no seal or stigma, the test period is overdue, the pressure gauge arrow does not return to the zero scale of the scale, the glass is broken, or there are other damage, which can be reflected in the pressure gauge readings.

Boiler stop immediately:

· With the termination of the waterproof devices or safety valves in an amount, more than 50% of the total number;

· If the water temperature or the pair pressure rose above the permitted by more than 10% and continue to grow, despite the measures taken (cessation of fuel supply, reduction of thrust or blasting, enhancing feeding with water, etc.);

· When the water level is reduced below the minimum mark on the water glass (in this case, the avoidance of an explosion is prohibited) or the rapid drop in its level, despite the enhanced feeding;

· If in the main elements of the boiler (drum, manifold, firebox) detected cracks, replenish, sinks or skips in welds;

· In the explosion of gas in the gas, burning in them particles of fuel and soot;

· If the electricity is turned off (for boilers with artificial traction);

· In case of damage to the climb, threatening the collapse, or fusing a hot boiler elements;

· When identifying malfunctions dangerous to the boiler or service personnel (in case of stuffs, vibrations, noise in gashodes, etc.);

· In case of fire.

With technical inspection, the boilers are subject to:

· Internal inspection and hydraulic test of test pressure when commissioning, after rearrangement or repair of the main elements;

· Internal inspection and hydraulic testing of working pressure at least once a year, as well as after cleaning or small repair, without affecting the main structures;

· Hydraulic testing of test pressure at least once every six years.

Trial pressure should be at least 150% of the worker, but it is equal to or more than 0.2 MPa. Withstand the boiler with a certain pressure value usually for 10 ... 15 min (but not less than 5 minutes). If there are no signs of leakage, break, "tears", sweating of welded compounds or base metal, residual deformations, then the boiler is recognized as suitable for operation. The survey is conducted by the Commission as part of the head of the production unit, the labor protection specialist and the person responsible for the operation of the pressure vessels or the head of the boiler room. Test results are entered into a boiler passport indicating the date of the next test. The examination of high-pressure boilers is conducted by the Gosgortkhnadzor inspector in the presence of a person responsible for safe operation.

PB 10-574-03 rules of device and safe operation of steam and water boilers	install the design requirements, design, materials, manufacturing, installation, commissioning, repair and operation of steam boilers, autonomous steamers and economizers with a working pressure of more than 0.07 MPa (0.7 kgf / cm2), water boilers and autonomous economizers with water temperature Above 115 ° C.
PB 10-575-03 rules of device and safe operation of electric boilers and electric motor	set the requirements for the device, manufacturing, installation, repair and operation of electrical boilers and apply to steam boilers with a working pressure of more than 0.07 MPa (0.7 kgf / cm2) and water heating boilers with water temperature above 115 ° C
GOST 20995-75 Steam fixed boilers with pressure up to 3.9 MPa. Indicators of nutrient water and steam.	sets the values \u200b\u200bof nutrient water quality indicators and pair of stationary steam boilers according to GOST 3619 with absolute pressure to 3.9 MPa (40 kgf / cm2), including boilers with a boiled boiler. The standard does not apply to steam boilers with an absolute pressure of 0.9 MPa (9 kgf / cm2) with steam-capacity up to 0.7 t / h, operating on solid fuel, as well as electrode boilers.
RTM 108.030.114-77 Steaming boilers low and medium pressure. Organization of water-chemical	it applies to steam stationary boilers with natural circulation according to GOST 3619-76, pressing up to 4 MPa (40 kgf / cm2) and steam-capacity from 0.7 t / h
RTM 108.030.130-79 Steam Steam High Pressure Coppers with Natural Circulation. Nutritional quality rates and steam.	it applies to nutrient water quality norms and a pair of steam stationary high-pressure boilers with natural circulation and stepped evaporation for pressure 100 and 140 kgf / cm2
RD 24.031.120-91 Methodical instructions. The quality of the network and feed water of hot water boilers, the organization of water-chemical mode and chemical control.	These Methodical Guidelines (MU) are applied to stationary direct-flow water boilers with heat-producing from 2.33 MW (2 Gcal / h) to 209 MW (180 Gcal / h) with a network water temperature at the outlet of the boiler not more than 200 s
RD 24.032.01-91 Methodical instructions. Normal water quality and vapor, the organization of water-chemical regime and chemical control of steam stationary boiler-utilizers and energy technological boilers.	set the norms of nutrient water quality and steam, requirements and recommendations on the organization of water-chemical regime and chemical control for steam stationary boiler-utilizers and energy technological boilers with a pair of 4 MPa (40 kgf / cm2), for active boilers, up to 5 MPa (50 kgf / cm2), as well as for boilers with a pair of 11 MPa (110 kgf / cm2).
RD 34.37.506-88 Methodical guidelines for water treatment and water-chemical regime of water heating equipment and thermal networks	water heating equipment with a capacity of over 58 MW and thermal networks included in the RAO "UES of Russia" system, and establish the requirements for the choice of water treatment regimens, a water-chemical regime that ensures reliable operation of the main and auxiliary equipment of heat supply systems with the required composition of water and heat-co-preparatory equipment.

Back to water treatment for boiler room

Exposure from PB 10-574-03 Rules of device and safe operation of steam and water boilers

VIII. Water-chemical boiler mode

8.1. General requirements
8.1.1. The water-chemical mode should ensure the operation of the boiler and the nutrient path without damaging their elements due to the deposits of scale and sludge, increasing the relative alkalinity of boiler water to hazardous limits or as a result of metal corrosion.
All steam boilers with a natural and multiple forced circulation with a steam-capacity of 0.7 t / h or more, all steam straight boilers regardless of steam output, as well as all water boilers must be equipped with installations for water treatment. It is also allowed to apply other effective ways of water treatment that guarantee the fulfillment of the requirements of this article.
8.1.2. The choice of a method for processing water to feed boilers should be carried out by a specialized organization.
8.1.3. The boilers have a steam-performance of less than 0.7 t / h period between cleaning should be such that the thickness of the deposits on the highest-circle areas of the surface of the boiler heating to the moment of its cessation has not exceeded 0.5 mm.
8.1.4. Sugpent with raw water boilers equipped with devices for moving water treatment is not allowed.
In cases where the project is provided for in emergency situations to feed the boiler with raw water, on the raw water lines attached to the lines of softened water or condensate, as well as to nutritional tanks, two locking organs and the control faucet between them should be installed. During normal operation, locking bodies should be in a closed position and be seated, and the control crane is open.
Each case of feeding the boilers with raw water should be recorded in the water preparation log (water-chemical mode), indicating the duration of feeding and nutrient quality during this period.
8.1.5. For steam and hot water boilers, instructions and regime cards should be developed to maintain water-chemical regime, taking into account this Rules, manufacturers' organization instructions, guidelines for the development of instructions and regime cards for the operation of the water treatment plants and by maintaining steam water and water-playing boilers approved by Gosgortkhnadzor Russia. Instructions for the operation of the installation of water treatment plants should be developed by the manufacturers of installations.
8.1.6. Instructions and regime cards should be approved by the head of the owner of the boiler and be on staff workplaces.
8.2. Requirements for nutrient water quality
8.2.1. Indicators of nutrient water quality for boilers with natural and multiple coercive circulation with a steam-capacity of 0.7 t / h and no longer exceed the values \u200b\u200bindicated:
a) for steam gas-tube boilers - in table. 3;

Table 3. Nutrient quality rates for steam gas pipes

Indicator	For boilers working
	on liquid fuel	on other types of fuel
Overall rigidity, μg × ec / kg
	50 8
8 For boilers that do not have economizers and boilers with cast-iron economizers, the content of dissolved oxygen is allowed from 100 μg / kg.

b) for water-tube boilers with natural circulation (including boiler boilers) and steam working pressure up to 4 MPa (40 kgf / cm2) - in Table. four;

Table 4. Normal water quality rates for water-tube boilers with natural circulation and steam working pressure up to 4 MPa (40 kgf / cm2)

Indicator
	0,9 (9)	1,4 (14)	2,4 (24)	4 (40)
Transparency in the font, cm, not less
Overall rigidity, μg × ec / kg	30 9	15 14	10 14	5 14
	Not normalized	300 14 Not normalized	100 14	50 14
	Not normalized			10 14 Not normalized
	50 14	30 14	20 14	20 14
PH value at 25 ° C 11	8,5 - 10,5
9 The numener indicates the values \u200b\u200bfor boilers operating on liquid fuel, denominator - on other types of fuel. 10 For boilers that do not have economizers, and for boilers with cast-iron economizers, the dissolved oxygen content is allowed to 100 μg / kg when burning any type of fuel. 11 In some cases, a decrease in the pH value to 7.0 may be allowed to reduce the specialized organization.

c) for water-tube boilers with natural circulation and working pressure of steam 10 MPa (100 kgf / cm2) - in table. five.

Table 5. Nutrient water quality rates for water-tube boilers with natural circulation and pair 10 MPa (100 kgf / cm2)

Indicator	For boilers working
	on liquid fuel	on other types of fuel
Overall rigidity, μg × ec / kg
PH value at 25 ° C 12	9.1 ± 0.1.	9.1 ± 0.1.
Note . For gas-tube boiler-recyclars of vertical type with a pair working pressure over 0.9 MPa (9 kgf / cm 2), as well as for the coherent boilers, the rating quality indicators are normalized by the values \u200b\u200bof the last column Table. . In addition, the salt-containing of nutrient water is normalized for coordinating boilers, which should not be more than 50 mg / kg. 12 When replenishing the losses of steam and condensate with chemically purified water, an increase in the pH value to 10.5 is allowed.

d) for energy technological boilers and waste disputation boilers with a pair of 5 MPa (50 kgf / cm2) - in Table. 6;
e) for energy technological boilers and waste disputation boilers with a pair of 11 MPa (110 kgf / cm2) - in Table. 7;

Table 6. Nutrient water quality norms for energy technological boilers and waste disputation boilers with steam working pressure up to 5 MPa (50 kgf / cm2)

Indicator	Working pressure, MPa (kgf / cm 2)
	0,9 (9)	1,4 (14)		4 (40) and 5 (50)
	Heating gas temperature (calculated), ° С
	Up to 1200 inclusive	Up to 1200 inclusive	Over 1200.	Up to 1200 inclusive	Over 1200.
Transparency in the font, cm, not less	30 13	40 18
Overall rigidity, μg × ec / kg	40 18	20 14
	Not normalized				50 15
a) for boilers with a cast-iron economizer or without an economizer, μg / kg
b) for boilers with steel economizer, μg / kg
PH value at 25 ° C	Not less than 8,5 16
13 in the numerator is indicated for water-tube, in the denominator - for gas-pipe boilers. 14 For water-tube boilers with a working pressure pressure of 1.8 MPa (18 kgf / cm 2), the rigidity should not be more than 15 μg × eq / kg. 15 It is allowed to increase the content of iron compounds up to 100 μg / kg, subject to the use of methods of reagent water treatment, reducing the intensity of scale formation due to the translation of iron compounds into the solution, and the regulations agreed with the State Unitaryuncture of Russia should be respected to the amount of deposits on the inner surface of steam generating pipes. The conclusion about the possibility of the indicated increase in the content of iron compounds in nutrient water is given by a specialized research organization. 16 The upper value of the pH value is set not more than 9.5, depending on the materials used in the equipment of the park-condensate path.

Table 7. Nutritional water quality for energy technological boilers, waste disputation boilers with pair of 11 MPa (110 kgf / cm2)

Indicator	Value
Overall rigidity, μg × ec / kg
PH value at 25 ° C	9.1 ± 0.1 17
Conditional pickling (in terms of NaCl), μg / kg
Specific electrical conductivity at 25 ° C, IMM / cm 18
17 The upper value of the pH value is set not more than 9.5, depending on the materials used in the equipment of the park-condensate path. 18 The conditional salt content should be determined by the conductive solmeter with pre-degassing and concentration of the sample, and the electrical conductivity is a conductor with preliminary hydrogen-cathionic sample; Controlled one of these indicators.

e) for high-pressure steam-gas installation boilers - in Table. eight.

Table 8. Nutrient water quality rates for high-pressure steam-gas installation boilers

Indicator	Working pressure, MPa (kgf / cm 2)
Overall rigidity, μg × ec / kg
	50 19	30 24	20 24
PH value at 25 ° C	9.1 ± 0.2	9.1 ± 0.1.	9.1 ± 0.1.
Conditional pickling (in terms of NaCl), μg / kg 20	Not normalized
Specific electrical conductivity at 25 ° C, ICM / cm 25	Not normalized
19 It is allowed to exempter iron content of 50% when the steam generator on natural gas is operational. 20 The conditioned colebeling should be determined by the conductive solmeter with preliminary degassing and sample concentration, and the specific electrical conductivity is a conductor with preliminary hydrogen-cathionic sample; Controlled one of these indicators.

8.2.2. Indicators of nutrient water quality for water-tube boilers with natural circulation and working pressure of steam 14 MPa (140 kgf / cm2) and for all energy directing boilers should meet the requirements of ND in effect in the electric power industry and agreed with the Gosgortkhnadzor of Russia.
8.2.3. The quality of the feed and network water for hot water boilers should satisfy the requirements specified in Table. nine.

Table 9. Quality of the quality of feed and network water for hot water boilers

Indicator	System of heat supply
	Open			Closed
	Network water temperature, ° С
Transparency in the font, cm, not less
Carbonate rigidity, μg × ec / kg:	800 21	750 26	375 26	800 26	750 26	375 26
at pH no more than 8.5				700 30
		300 26	250 26	600 26	500 26	375 26
PH value at 25 ° C	From 7.0 to 8.5			From 7.0 to 11.0 22
Note . These standards do not apply to water-heating boilers installed on thermal power plants, heat stations and in heating boilers, for which water quality must comply with the requirements of the maintenance rules of electrical stations and networks approved in the prescribed manner. 21 In the numerator, the values \u200b\u200bfor the boilers on solid fuel are indicated, in the denominator - on a liquid and gaseous fuel. 22 For heating networks in which water-heating boilers work in parallel with boilers having brass tubes, the upper value of the pH of the network water should not exceed 9.5.

8.3. Requirements for the quality of boiler water
The quality of the boiler water, the necessary mode of its corrective processing, the modes of continuous and periodic purges are made based on the instructions of the manufacturer of the boiler manufacturer, typical instructions for maintaining water-chemical regime and other departmental regulatory documents or based on the results of heat chemical tests.
At the same time, for steam boilers with a pressure of up to 4 MPa (40 kgf / cm2) inclusive, having riveted compounds, the relative alkalinity of boiler water should not exceed 20%; For boilers with welded drums and fastening of pipes The rolling method (or rolling with a sealing cabinet) The relative alkalinity of the boiler water is allowed to 50%, for boilers with welded drums and welded pipes, the relative alkalinity of the boiler water is not normalized.
For steam boilers with a pressure of over 4 MPa (40 kgf / cm2) to 10 MPa (100 kgf / cm2), the relative alkalinity of the boiler water should not exceed 50%, for boilers from pressures Over 10 MPa (100 kgf / cm2) to 14 MPa (140 kgf / cm2) inclusive should not exceed 30%.

General provisions of operation of boiler installations

Operation of steam and water-heating boilers is carried out in accordance with the rules of the device and the safe operation of the steam and water-heating boilers of Rostechnadzor, the rules for the technical operation of electric stations and networks (PTE), the safety rules of gas distribution systems and gas consumption, manufacturers' instructions, local instructions: official defining rights and staff responsibilities; technical, which determine the conditions for the safe and economical operation of boilers and individual elements in different periods of operation; under the safety technician, which indicate the necessary activities that ensure the conditions for the safe operation of the staff; emergency, which indicate measures to prevent the development and liquidation of accidents; Other regulatory documents.

The rules of the device and safe operation of steam and hot water boilers are distributed to steam boiler boiler units with a pressure of more than 0.07 MPa and water-heating boiler aggregates with water temperature not lower than 115 ° C. They define the requirements for the design, manufacturing, repair and material of the specified equipment, indicated the nomenclature and number of fittings, measuring equipment, protection, automation devices, and also provide requirements for servicing equipment.

The boiler installation is a very dangerous production facility and therefore the requirements of federal laws dated July 21, 1997 No. 116-FZ (as amended by federal laws from 07.08.2000 No. 122-FZ, 10.01.2003 No. 15-FZ, 22.08.2004 No. 122 -FZ, 09.05.2005 No. 45-FZ, 12/18/2006 No. 232-ФЗ) "On the industrial safety of production facilities" and dated December 27, 2002 No. 184-FZ "On Technical Regulation".

The Federal Law "On Industrial Safety of Production Objects" defines the legal and economic foundations for ensuring the safe operation of hazardous arbitals; Objects and aims to prevent accidents on hazardous production facilities and ensuring the preparedness of the Organization operating hazardous production facilities to localize and eliminate the consequences of the specified possible accidents.

The Federal Law "On Technical Regulation" regulates relations arising from the development, acceptance, application and execution of mandatory requirements for products, processes of production, operation, storage, transportation, implementation and disposal. The law presents the requirements for the content and application of technical regulations, the principles of standardization, the rules for the development and approval of standards, the organization of mandatory certification, accreditation of authorities for certification and the implementation of state control over the compliance of technical regulations.

In accordance with the Federal Law "On Industrial Safety of Production Objects", the basis of industrial safety is licensing activities (design, construction, operation, reconstruction, manufacturing, installation, commissioning, repair, etc.) in the field of industrial safety; certification of technical devices used on a dangerous production facility; Examination of industrial safety of technical devices; industrial safety requirements for the use of a hazardous production facility (providing staffing of employees of a hazardous production facility that meet relevant qualification requirements; the presence of regulatory legal acts and regulatory technical documents at a dangerous production facility of regulatory legal acts and regulatory technical documents establishing rules for conducting work on a dangerous production facility; organization and implementation of industrial control compliance with the requirements of industrial safety; ensuring the availability and operation of the necessary devices and control systems for industrial processes; providing examination of industrial safety of buildings, diagnostics and testing of technical devices on time, etc.).

The exploitation of steam and water-heating boilers and boiler equipment is to maintain boiler units, auxiliary equipment (smoke, fans, pumps, gas ducts and flue pipes).

In accordance with PTE, the boiler house staff should ensure the reliable operation of the entire main and auxiliary equipment, the possibility of achieving the nominal productivity, parameters of steam and water. The PTE sets out the basic requirements for the operation of boilers and auxiliary equipment (extractors, stops, main modes of operation, conditions of immediate operation of the equipment).

The instructions provide specific characteristics and a detailed description of the equipment, order and deadlines for maintenance, control, repairs; Limit values \u200b\u200band deviations of parameters, secure maintenance recommendations and the rules of safe operation of the service personnel are given.

The complexity of the equipment makes it impose high requirements for servicing boiler room. All newly accepted workers who do not have a manufacturing specialty or changing it are obliged to undergo vocational training in the scope of qualification requirements in accordance with a single tariff-qualifying reference book (ETKS). The preparation of workers is carried out, as a rule, in educational combines and other institutions of primary professional maintenance, control, repairs; Limit values \u200b\u200bof nic education.

Persons who received theoretical and production training are internship and testing knowledge in enterprises where they will work. In the process of internship, the equipment of boiler houses, production instructions and existing schemes, safety and fire safety regulations, Rostechnadzor Rules, job descriptions are being studied. After that, the trainee can be allowed to duplicate fulfillment of responsibilities in the workplace under the supervision and guidance of an experienced employee with a duplication period of at least 10 workers shifts. Special attention is paid to the problems of professional suitability, physiological, psychological preparedness of the employee. People who have reached 18 years of age and having a positive medical conclusion are being accepted. In the future, medical examination is held once every two years.

The service personnel must constantly deepen and improve knowledge, improve their qualifications. To do this, work should be organized to improve personnel qualifications. For operators, the knowledge of safe working and techniques and work techniques are inspected annually, and once every two years - according to PTE, fire safety rules, manufacturing and job descriptions.

1.2. Preparation of boiler aggregate and accessories for launch

The start of the boiler to work is a complex process that is carried out after installing the boiler when putting it into operation, as well as after reconstruction, repair, planned and unscheduled boiler stops. The starting process is associated with a clear implementation strictly according to the instructions of a large number of diverse actions, subject to the strict distribution of duties, coordinating its actions in conditions of high efficiency and technical discipline. The most qualified personnel is allowed to start the boiler. Manages boiler start-up operations Head of shift or senior operator.

The start of the boiler is associated with its crossing, which is preceded by operations on a detailed inspection of the unit in order to verify its serviceability and readiness to work. The inspection is subject to furnace, radiation and convective heating surfaces, steam-steerlers, water economizer, air heater, irrigation, explosive valves, casing, collectors, pipelines and fittings, gas and masutoproduks, burners, suspension, supports, protective and distinguishing elements. When inspecting the surfaces of heating in the boiler, attention is drawn to the presence of cracks, fistula, duun, traces of corrosion and pipe pollution. All foreign objects and garbage from the firebox and gas ducts must be removed, and the lazes of the gas-air tract are tightly closed.

Checking the removal of the plugs on the gas pipeline, steam, water, purge and drainage lines; Control of drives and ease of crossbirds, axial guide devices of smoke and fans; manageability with their main shield; grounding of electric motors; the presence of oil in bearings; water supply to their cooling; The presence of enclosing housings on rotating mechanisms and freedom of their rotation. After inspection of the auxiliary equipment, their mechanisms should be included in the combat, and there should be no knock, vibration, excessive heating of bearings, electric motors.

The health of the entire water and steam reinforcement of the boiler, waterproof devices, the serviceability of remote drives is carried out. The operation of intake-protective devices, the safety of safety valves, as well as serviceability and willingness to include control and measuring instruments, automatic regulators, locks, protection, operational communications, lighting, fire extinguishing tools are checked.

Detected when verifying the malfunction must be eliminated to start the boiler. If the protection acting on the boiler is faulting, it is prohibited.

After checking the equipment, preparations for the launch of gas-air and waterfall tracts, damask, steam and gas-gas, plugging of the boiler, etc. Open shut-off general and individual seats (on air ducts, burners, nozzles), closes the guide devices of fans, smokers regulating air chiBERS .

Before filling in the boiler with water, the closing of the main steamer valve, all drainage and purge valves is checked; Baraban and water economizer opened; Waterproof glasses, valves on water and a pair of reduced level pointers are included in the working position; Pressure gauge on the drum should be in working condition; Opened locking devices on nutritional pipelines in front of a water economizer; Adjusting devices are checked - they should be tightly closed.

At boilers with a cast-iron economizer, a straight move saiber for PG pass by an economizer is open. In the absence of a water-powered gas, water through the economizer should be continuously pumping and directed along a savory line into a deaerator. The boilers with a steel economizer opens the valve on the recycling line.

To supply water to the boiler, you must open the nutrient valve and fill with water water economizer; When water appears, close the aircraft at the economizer output manifold. The boiler is filled with water to the damker level.

In order to avoid violation of the density of rolling compounds and thermal deformations from uneven warm-up, it is not allowed to fill the boiler with a temperature above 90 ° C in the summer and 50 ... 60 ° C in winter.

After filling the boiler with water, it is necessary to make sure that the reinforcement of the reinforcement by tapping the drain drainage pipes. If within 0.5 hours after filling the boiler with water with a closed nutrient valve, there will be no decrease or increase water level in the boiler drum, you can continue the preparation of the boiler for the startup. In the presence of a device for steam heating of the lower drum, a steam supply from the working boilers is opened and water is heated in the boiler to a temperature of 90 ... 100 ° C.

Before the damning of a gas-powered boiler, from a cold state, a prediction test of the tightness of the shutheld devices in front of the burners and safety valves (test crimping) is carried out. The procedure and methods of precedence are established by the production instruction. On automatic and block gas burners, which are currently equipped with many boiler aggregates, devices are installed for automatic tightness test.

When preparing for a gas-operating boiler, a gas pipeline to shut-off devices on the burner should be sold through the purge candles. To do this, you need to open the PZK on the passage and open the locking device on the omission, and during the time specified in the production instruction, to purge the gas pipeline through the purge candle.

The end of the purge is determined by the gas analyzer for the oxygen content in the gas pipeline. In the produced gas pipeline, the oxygen content should not exceed 1%.

Before the inclusion of gas burners or distillation fuel oil, it is necessary to perform ventilation of the furnace and gas ducts, first using natural cravings, and then forced. With natural ventilation, the gear paths and the flap are fully opened, adjusting air supply to the burner. For forced ventilation, the smoke activity is included in the operation, and then the fan and for 10 ... 15 minutes, with joint work, the smoke path of the boiler unit is ventilated.

6.3. Start of the steam boiler aggregate

Starting a steam boiler unit to work can only be carried out by the written order of the head of the boiler room. The sequence of operations when starting boilers is determined by their thermal state after the corresponding downtime (in the repair of those or in reserve). Depending on the degree of cooling of the boiler unit after the preceding stop, the starts are distinguished from the cold, improper, hot states and from a hot reserve. Each type of starting is characterized by certain technologies. Starting from the cold state is carried out through 3 ... 4 days and more after stopping with the full cooling of the boiler aggrega, the absence of pressure in it. In this case, the start, beginning with the lowest level of temperatures and pressures in a co-unit, has the greatest duration.

Reliability ignition gas burners With compulsory supply of air, it depends mainly on the density of the spikes regulating the air supply to the burner. The ignition of each of the mouth of the rolled burners should be carried out from the individual for the finger installed in the fastener hole. The stagnant's flame resistance depends on the cutting in the furnace and the density of the severity of the supply of air into the burner of communication with it before entering the stamp to the firebox, it is necessary to verify the IIJiOi closing of the selection of the air regulating the supply of air, and dereclave the vacuum in the top of the furnace in accordance with RSCSCO Mentham For extracts value. The flame of the stobnant should be located on the side and in the immediate vicinity of the embrasure or above it.

With a stable operation of the fading, the gas supply to the burner is found smoothly so that the gas pressure does not exceed 10 ... 15% POMP. The ignition of gas coming out of the burner must occur immediately. If the gas coming out of the burner is immediately ignited, it is necessary to quickly stop its supply to the burner and the stobble and to remove the gas from the furnace to ventilate it for 10 ... 15 min. Repeated risi game is permitted only after eliminating the reasons that impede it with a normal start.

After the ignition of gas coming out of the burner, the air supply is regulated in such a way that the luminosity of the torch decreases, but it did not take it from the burner. To increase the performance of the burner, first increase the gas pressure at 10 ... 15%, and then the air pressure, after which the specified value of the vacuum is restored. In the sustainable operation of the first burner, it is projected consistently to the ignition of the remaining burners.

For ignition boilers working on fuel oil After completion of the ventilation of the furnace and gas ducts (when smoking and fans), the fuel oil nozzles are burned alternately. For example, before igniting the fuel spraying nozzle with steam spraying of the fuel oil, it is necessary to close all the hatches and glances, stop supplying the air to the nozzle, adjust the vacuum in the upper part of the furnace, setting it to 10 ... 20 Pa, and make sure that the required heating temperature of the fuel oil was installed . Then you should insert into the ignorable hole fueling molding torch. In the sustainable burning of the torch in the nozzle, a little air and steam is first fed, and then fuel through the gradual opening of the adjustment valve. When felting fuel oil, it is necessary to adjust its burning, changing the supply of fuel oil, steam and air. With sustainable burning fuel oil, the molding torch is removed.

Special attention in the starts of the boiler is paid to maintaining a given metal temperature of thick-walled parts (drums, reservoirs, steam pipelines, fittings) and their heating rates. The choice of warm-up technology depends on the initial state of their state. To ensure uniform temperatures around the perimeter of the drum, especially the upper and lower parts, steam warming is used, for which the corresponding steam lines are installed in the bottom.

When the boiler is crossing, they control the water level in the drum along the waterproof columns on the drum and on reduced level indexes. On boilers with a pressure of up to 4 MPa, the waterproof columns are blurred at a pressure of 0.1 MPa and the second time before turning on the boiler to the total steam pipeline. During the pressure lifting, the water level in the drum rises. When the water level is exceeded above the permissible limit, it is necessary to lower part of the water from the boiler through the periodic purge line. When the water level decreases, due to the purge of the boiler unit and the steamer, it is necessary to feed the boiler with water.

In the process of milling the boiler from a cold state, it is necessary to monitor the thermal expansion of screens, drums, collectors and pipelines on the references installed on them. Upon lagging in the warm-up of any screen, it should be purged through the drainage of the lower collectors for 25 s.

When the pair pressure increases in the boiler unit, the ATMU sphere from air workers will begin to publish steam, after which it is necessary to close the air ventilation valves and produce boiler grooves heating connecting steam pipelines from the boiler to the main steam room simultaneously with the ceiling of the boiler. During the heating of steps, it is impossible to admit the appearance of hydraulic blows, and during their occurrence it is necessary to suspend heating, to find out the cause of hydraulic shocks and eliminate it.

The boiler unit is included in the overall steam pipe at a temperature close to the calculated, and when the pressure is reached in it, PA 0.05 ... 0.10 MPa smaller than the pressure in the overall steam lines. Shut-off devices on steam lines are opened very slowly to avoid hydraulic shocks. If, nevertheless, at the time of turning on the boiler unit in the overall steps, shocks and hydraulic blows occur, the inclusion procedure is immediately suspended, weakened the burning in the furnace, opening the valve, increase the purge of the steamer and increase the drainage of the steam pipeline.

6.4. Maintenance of the boiler room during operation

Maintenance of the boiler installation is a process that includes controlling the installation, control of its organs and auxiliary mechanisms in order to regulate the workflow in the boiler.

To monitor the operation, the boiler is equipped with control and measuring devices located on the aggregate itself and on the thermal shield. To regulate the operation, the boiler unit has controls with drives directly at the site of their installation or remote drives. Thus, remote control by means of electric drives is carried out from the boiler control panel.

The most important tasks of service steam boiler aggregates Are maintaining the specified pressure of the steam and productivity (load) of the boiler in accordance with the instructions of the mode map, the exemplary sample is given in Table. 6.1, as well as maintaining a given temperature of the superheated steam, uniform nutrition of the boiler unit with water, maintaining a normal water level in the drum, ensuring normal purity of saturated pair, care for all the equipment of the boiler aggregate.

Table 6.1

Approximate mode map of the steam boiler unit DCVR-10-13

"I approve" chief engineer of the enterprise

	Parameter	measurements	Pipe Practium, t / h
	Couple pressure in boiler drum
	The number of working burners
	Gas pressure in front of the burners
	Primary air pressure in front of burners
	Secondary air pressure in front of burners
	Copper fire
	Nourishing water temperature
	Pressure of nutrient water
	Excess air coefficient for boiler aggregate
	The temperature of the outgoing gases
	Warm losses with outgoing gases
	Warm losses from chemical combustion
	Warm losses through external fences
	KPD boiler aggregate gross
	Warm consumption for their own needs
	KPD of the net aggregate net
	Fuel consumption

Note. Type of burner - gas-gas-type GMG-2.5.

Modern card amounted

Position of an employee of a commissioning organization

When working water-heating boiler unit It is necessary to provide a temperature schedule for heat energy (Table 6.2), which is guided by the operator in its operation when setting the mode parameters of the installation.

Maintaining the pressure of steam and productivity of the boiler unit. Depending on the operating mode of the boiler room, the main equipment can more or less work at constant (basic) mode. Violation of the stationary regime may be caused by a change in heat dissipation in the furnace and a water supply, as well as the transfer of the load from one boiler unit to another.

The main task of the personnel serving the boiler is to maintain the most economical modes of fuel combustion, which mainly determines the thermal economy of the boiler. Thus, the maximum efficiency of the boiler unit operating on gaseous and liquid fuels is achieved with minimal total thermal losses with outgoing gases and from chims of combustion. Losses of heat with outgoing gases depend on the excess air coefficient in the furnace, the level of air supply of the boiler and the temperature of the outgoing gases, and the loss of heat from the chemical incompleteness of the combustion - from the coefficient of the ficient of an excess of air at the outlet of the furnace and the heat distribution and gas .

Thus, when servicing the boiler unit, the operator should monitor the temperature and an excess air coefficient in the outgoing gases at the outlet of the boiler unit (according to the content O2 or CO2), gas pressure and air in front of the burners. To obtain the greatest efficiency of the boiler unit, it is necessary to maintain the fuel mode in accordance with the regime card, which is compiled by the results of special tests of the boiler, when the largest efficiency is determined for each of the loads under study.

Maintaining normal vapor pressure in the boiler is carried out by regulating the operation of the furnace.

Table 6.2 Exemplary Temperature Schedule Leather Energy

The increase in the pressure of the steam above the norm indicates an overpressure of the boiler unit and its reduction requires to reduce the supply of gas and air to the furnace. On the contrary, the decrease in the pressure of the steam indicates insufficient steam output of the boiler unit, and it is necessary to increase the supply of gas and air to increase it. The pair pressure deviations are caused by changes in the consumption of steam in the consumer, the amount of gas supplied to the gas and the temperature of the nutrient water. Consequently, the steam pressure regulation in the boiler unit is directly related to the control of steam output and is carried out by changing the fuel consumption and air supplied to the furnace, and establish proper thrust.

During the operation of the boiler unit, visual observation of the combustion process in the furnace through gladies is necessary. According to the results of the monitoring of the torch, certain decisions are made in order to achieve good and proper burning. Signs of good burning: the torch evenly fills the flopping chamber; A certain color of the torch and its length (depend on the type of burner); The combustion should end in the heat chamber, the end of the torch should be clean.

Maintain normal pair temperature. When the boiler is working with a time-permanent load of the temperature of the superheated steam from the average value, it is practically no needless to regulate its temperature.

The need to regulate the temperature of the superheated steam occurs when the optimal combustion mode is set or changing the load of the boiler. An increase in the temperature of the superheated steam may occur due to an increase in the load of the boiler; excess air in the furnace; lowering the temperature of the nutrient water; Reducing cooling water consumption through a vaporochilder. If the ability of the steelectric agent is completely exhausted, and the temperature of the superheated steam above is normal, then it is necessary to reduce the excess air in the furnace to the permissible limit; reduce the selection of saturated steam; Reduce the load of the boiler aggregate.

Food boiler aggregate water. When operating a boiler unit, it is necessary to maintain its normal nutrition with water, i.e. Provide material balance on water and pair. Power supply with water is automatic or manually. With automatic adjustment, uniform power supply to the boiler with water in accordance with the steam flow rate and is supported by the specified water level in the drum.

Controlling the correct operation of the boiler nutrition regulators with water The operator leads according to the instruments indicating the water level in the drum (watercases, reduced level pointers). Water in the waterproof speakers should constantly fluctuate near the normal level (in the middle of the glass height). A completely calm water level in the columns can be a sign of clogging tubes of water glows. Do not follow the level approximation to the limit (upper and lower) provisions in order to avoid the leveling of the level of the visible zone of the watercase.

Water mode of the boiler unit. The operation of the boiler unit without damaging its elements due to the deposits of scale, sludge and increasing the alkalicity of boiler water to dangerous limits is provided by an aqueous mode. Maintaining the predetermined mounting of the boiler water is achieved by the continuous blowing of the ka. To remove the sludge from the lower points, periodic purge of the unit (draining of boiler water) is carried out.

With continuous purge, a significant amount of heat is lost. With a pair of 1 ... 1.3 MPa, each 1% purge, the heat of which is not used, increases the fuel consumption at dimly by 0.3%. Using the heat of continuous purge is possible in specially installed separators to obtain a secondary steam. To regulate the magnitude of the continuous junction, needle valves are used. Of the common manifold of continuous purge, water enters the separator, where the resulsion of the pressure drops, part of it boils. The formed pairs are sent to the deaerator, and water is for heating the raw water entering the area of \u200b\u200bchemical water treatment.

Terms and duration of periodic purges I install those manufacturing instructions. Before this purge, Slardus is to make sure in good operation of the nutrient pumps, in the presence of water in nutrients, to fueled the boiler to the upper levels along the waterproof glass. The purge is carried out in the following order: first the second one along the course opens, and then the first valve on the purge pipe and after heating the purge pipeline, the purge actually is performed, during which the water level in the boiler drum is continuously controlled by water. With hydraulic blows in Irod, the warrior pipeline immediately covers the purge valve until the knocking in the pipeline is stopped, then the valve is once again discovered. At the end of the purge, the valves are closed - first the first in the course of water, and then the second.

Maintenance of the equipment of the boiler unit. During the period of operation of the boiler unit, it is necessary to monitor the state of shut-off and regulating reinforcement, tighten the glands in case of weakening and passing water or steam. In case of malfunction of gaskets and implants of fittings, it is assigned to its repair. The health of the safety valves is checked on the basis of their carefully opening ("undermining").

Checking the help of the pressure gauge is carried out on the message of its arrow on the "zero" ("landing to zero") by slow overlap of the three-way tap of the pressure gauge and connect it with the atmosphere. Making sure that the pressure gauge arrow went to "zero", carefully returned the three-way crane into the working position, striving not to miss the water from the siphon tube to avoid overheating of the spring and damage the pressure gauge. To check the pressure gauge periodically (at least once every 6 months), its testimony compares with the testimony of the control manometer.

The serviceability of the waterproof speakers on the drum is checked by their purge in the following order: the purge valve opens, at the same time the water and steam tubes are blocked; It is closed with water tap and a steam tube and a watering glass are blocked; Water crane opens and steam valve is closed - a water tube and a water tube is blown; A steam valve opens and the purge crane is closed, that is, the water level in the water glass is installed in the working position, and the water level in the drum is checked.

All the actions for purge should be carried out slowly, when protecting the eyes with points and be sure to have mittens.

During the boiler operation, it is necessary to closely monitor the density of gas reinforcement and gas pipelines. Periodically, not less than once in shift, to check for gas leakage on the content of methane indoors; In the case of methane in the air, more than 1% reveal the place of leakage and take measures to eliminate them.

It is necessary to monitor the condition of the cooling of the boiler, the density of climbing and hatchkov, examining them when around, as well as according to the testimony of the oxygen, control the possibility of subferences on the tract. It should also, opening the shells, listen to the sounds in the furnace and shelters, to identify possible damage to pipes that are accompanied by enhanced noise.

Periodically, it is necessary to check the operation of smoke, fans, pumping pumps. The temperature of the agents of electric motors and bearings is checked to the touch; The noise of rotating machines should be monotonous, without sharp blows, testifying to the hide, and without vibrations that are also checked to the touch at the base of bearings and support plates; The nuts of the foundation bolts of electric motors, pumps, smokers and fans should be tightly tightened.

Every 2 hours it is necessary to record the testimony of measurement instruments into a shift log.

Features of the maintenance of water boilers. When the water heating boiler is operational, the water temperature at the inlet to the boiler should be higher than the temperature of the dew point, i.e. at least 60 ° C. This is achieved by mixing water from the boiler with reverse network water, i.e. By recycling hot water, which is envisaged to turn on the water boiler to the network.

Hot water from the boiler's output manifold recycling pump is supplied to the input manifold and, mixing with rolling power water, heats it. The predetermined temperature of the water and the heating network is achieved by the direction of the reverse submission to the jumper. When regulating the consumption of water, my recycling is necessary, it is necessary to ensure that water consumption through the water boiler has always been more than minimally permissible under the capacity of boiling.

6.5. Planned boiler aggregate

Planned to stop the boiler unit is carried out by writing the order of the head of the boiler room. The non-Nova technology, the volume and sequence of operations are determined by the type of boiler unit used by the fuel and type of stop. Under the final thermal state of the boiler unit, there are two types of stops - without solving the equipment and with its disconnection. Stop without finding It is carried out when the boiler is derived to the hot reserve and to perform small work, as a rule, outside the boiler. Stretching It is produced in order to perform repair work of increased user-friendly, and completeness of cooling depends on the type of intended repair.

For finding the boiler in the hot reserve It is necessary to take measures to longer preserve pressure in it and maximum accumulation in heat equipment. To do this, after ventilation, the furnaces and gas ducts are sealing the hectare of the urgent path by closing the seams and heading devices of smoke and blowing fans. It is forbidden to keep the boiler unit in the hot reserve without disconnecting it from the steam line. To maintain pressure in the boiler is permitted periodic subtop. When you find a boiler in the hot reserve, his duty staff should be in the workplace.

For stop boiler It is necessary to reduce the supply of fuel and blast, maintaining a vacuum in the furnace; At the same time, it is necessary to monitor the waterproof speakers at the water level in the drum. To reduce the supply of gaseous or liquid fuels, the air pressure is gradually reduced, and then the gas or fuel oil to the burners, maintaining the required vacuum at the outlet of the furnace. Upon reaching the maximum minimum fuel pressure values \u200b\u200bin turn quench the burners.

After stopping the supply of fuel to the boiler, the main steam valve is closed, i.e. Turn off the boiler from the steam line, and open the purge of the steamer. During a certain time, in accordance with the production instructions, fifters and gas ducts are carried out, after which the fans are stopped, and then the chymosos, it is closed with chimneys and blades of axial guide machines of smoke and fans.

Fill the drum of the boiler with water to the top mark in the waterproof column and support this level to the water descent. The descent of water from the stopped drum boiler is allowed after a decrease in pressure in it to atmospheric. After the stop of the boiler is not allowed to discover the hatches and lazes.

In winter, a thorough monitoring of the gas-air path density, behind the heating surfaces and their purge and drainage lines, for carriers, pulsed and drainage lines, should be established in the avoidance of defrosting, behind the heating surfaces and their purge and drainage lines. The temperature inside the furnace and gas ducts should be higher about ° C, for which periodically heated by the furnace and gas ducts with the inclusion of fuel oil nozzles or hot air supply from adjacent boilers, follow the density of the seats, climbs and hatches. On the hot water boilers, water circulation through the boiler should be ensured.

6.6. Emergency Stop Boiler Unit

During the operation of the boiler unit, it may damage, problems that create dangerous situations, fraught with the failure of the equipment or a boiler unit as a whole, destruction with large material losses and human victims. The elimination of detected violations and defects is possible, taking into account damage without the stop of the boiler unit or with the mandatory immediate stop.

The basis of the correct operations to eliminate accidents is the preservation of equipment and preventing major destruction (due to improper actions of personnel or delay in the elimination of the accident), as well as the elimination of personnel injury. Any equipment that has defects that make a threat to the life of personnel must be immediately stopped. If the accident occurred at the junction of two shifts, the working personnel of the receiving shift is attracted to the elimination of the accident and performs the disposal of the personnel of the shift, eliminating an accident. Repair personnel and staff of other workshops can be attracted to the elimination of the accident.

The emergency stop technology of the boiler unit is determined by the type of accident and the moment of establishing its causes. Initially, until the cause of the cause of the accident, but not more than 10 minutes, the stop is carried out with minimally possible solving equipment (with the preservation of working pressure and the gas-air path seal). If the cause of the accident was revealed and eliminated and eliminated, then the boiler aggregate is started from the state of the hot reserve. If during this time the cause of the accident is not detected, then, as when the equipment breakdowns, a boiler unit is stopped.

Mandatory immediate stop of the boiler aggregate The staff holds with an invalid increase or decrease in the water level in the drum, as well as the failure of the indicative devices (caused by malfunctions of nutritional regulators, damage to regulatory reinforcement, thermal control devices, protection, automation, disappearance of nutrition, etc.); failures of all feed meters of nutritious water; breaks of all nutritional pumps; Invalid increase in pressure in the steam room and the refusal of at least one safety valve; The breakdown of the vapor paths or the appearance of cracks, fuses, passes in the welds of the main elements of the boiler, in steam pipelines, fittings.

In addition, the boilers necessarily stop with the cessation of combustion and an invalid decrease in or increasing the gas pressure and decrease in the pressure of fuel oil for the control valve; With an invalid lowering of the air consumption in front of the burners and pouring in the firebox of the boiler caused by the suspension of all fans and smoke, respectively; explosions in the furnace, in the risks; warming up of hot carcass beams and climbing beams; Fire, threatening staff, equipment, power supply system of disconnecting reinforcement and related protection systems; Disappearance of voltage in remote and automatic control lines and measuring instruments.

Water boilers should also be stopped while reducing the flow of water and pressure before the boiler below the minimum permissible value.

6.7. Problems and accidents in the boiler room. Damage to the elements of the boiler unit

Accidents and malfunctions of boiler equipment cause downtime of the unit, which leads to a fear of consumers of electricity and thermal energy (steam and hot water). All cases of emergency situations, serious problems in the work of the boiler and its equipment should be dealing with the identification of causes and consideration of personnel actions. In order to prevent possible accidents in boiler houses and developing confident actions of personnel in emergency situations for service personnel, counter-emergency training is regularly held, during which various types of accidents are created and the work of personnel is being controlled. After such training, the work carried out is carried out and the evaluation of the efficiency and correctness of the exploratory personnel is given.

Accidents due to the refinement and losing water in the boiler. With a significant repetition of the drum, the boiler water together with the ferry is thrown into the superheater, from there it (if it does not have time to evaporate) can be put in steam pipe. Moving along with steam with very high speed, water is the cause of hydraulic blows that sometimes are so great that they can cause damage to steam lines.

With a deep weapment of water in the boiler below the allowed metal of boiling and screen pipes and the parts of the drums heated with hot gases, it overheats, as a result of which loses its strength, deformed, and sometimes bursts, the boaram of the boiler takes place. The explosion is usually accompanied by large destruction with severe consequences. It should be borne in mind that clogging of the connecting pipes of the drum with waterproof columns causes distortion of the water level in water-glass windows, it does not correspond to the actual position of the water level in the boiler drum. In this case, the clogging of the steam crane or the connecting tube from the drum to this crane leads to a rapid increase in water level in the water tube, and the clogging of the connective water tube or water crane is accompanied by a slower increase in the level due to gradual steam condensation in the waterproof column.

In the case of a significant reduction in the water level in the boiler, i.e. The "care" level is lower than the lowered water allowed during normal pressure in the nutrient line and steam, it is necessary to blow the waterproof columns and make sure that their indications are correct; Check the operation of the power regulator and if the defect is difficult to go to manual regulation, strengthen the power of the boiler; check the health of the nutritional pumps and in case of damage to turn on the backup; close the continuous purge valve and check the density of all blowing valves of the boiler; Check visually and on rumor, there are no leaks in the seams, pipes, hatches (for noise). If the water level continues to decrease and is already 25 mm higher than the lower edge of the water gauge, it is necessary to conduct an emergency stop of the boiler unit.

When the boiler is reputable when the water level rose to the highest permissible level at normal pressure in the boiler and in the nutrient line, it is necessary to blow the waterproof columns and make sure that their indications are correct; Check the operation of the automatic power regulator and, if it is faulty, go to manual regulation, reduce the power of the boiler. If, despite the measures taken, the water level continues to raise the Xia, to reduce the power of the boiler and strengthen the continuous knuckle; Carefully open a periodic purge, but as soon as the water level will begin to decline, stop the purge.

If the water level "left" behind the upper edge of the water glass, it is necessary to conduct an emergency shutdown of the boiler aggregate.

Damage to boiling and screen pipes, nutrient and steam pipelines. The experience of operation of steam boilers shows that damage to boiling and screen pipes will occur most often due to violations of the water regime caused by unsatisfactory work of chemical water treatment, the NA of the correct mode of phosphating, etc. The causes of pipe breaks can also be excess of pressure, violation of the rate of root conditions Their work, corrosion or wear of pipes, is disabled their manufacturing and installation, inconsistency of materials used, etc.

Sometimes at the ends of boiling and on-screen pipes, rolling cracks or collectors, ring cracks are observed. The reason for such damage is the aggressiveness of boiler water and significant local additional stresses after the impossibility of free thermal expansion of pipes or collectors due to clamping them in places of passage through the surveillance and others. Breaks of nutritional pipelines and the main steam lines are observed significantly less frequent than the heating surface breaks, However, in their destroying subsections, these damage is much more dangerous.

Given the increased risk of destructive actions during breaks, it is necessary to regularly check the condition of the water pipelines. The check is carried out in accordance with the instructions for monitoring and monitoring the metal of pipelines and boilers in the course of these checks, a timely forging of damaged pipelines and subsequent replacement should be carried out. Mostly, the violations take place on the plots of flexures, near the installation of reinforcement, in the places of transitions from one thickness to another, in the places of welded joints.

External signs of a break of boiling or screen coarse are the rapid decrease in the water level in the drums of the Cat, despite the enhanced nutrition of them with water: significant races between the mass of nutrient water entering the boiler and a mass of the steam produced by the boiler, which is determined by the instruments of the instruments; Strong noise of steam in the furnace or the boiler shelters; Increased pressure in the furnace and knocking out gases from a loose gay of irrigation and hatches of gladies.

Accidents and problems of steps. The steamer refers to the number of reliable elements of the boiler aggregate. The main type of accidents in it is the facing of coils due to excessive increase in the temperature of the pipe wall relative to the calculated value. The increase in the temperature of the coil wall is possible due to the uneven distribution of PG temperatures in the width of the gas plant, in which the steamer is located; uneven distribution of steam on coils; Driving pipes of the steamer salts, which leads to a deterioration in the transfer of heat from the walls of the pipes to a pair.

Often, problems are observed in the work of the steamer, expressed in excessive increase in steam overheating temperature. The reasons for this are the change in the grade and quality of fuel; Increased boiler load; Increased PG temperature in front of the steamer; Lowering the temperature of the nutrient water.

Accidents and malfunctions of water economizers. Damage to steel zirevic economizers occur mainly due to the internal and external corrosion of pipes. In addition, they are often observed fistula and gaps in places of welding of coils, testifying to unsatisfactory quality of welding work.

Internal corrosion of pipes usually occurs in the case when the economizer is powered by non-fermented water with a large oxygen content or CO2. Outdoor corrosion of the economizer is more common when the boilers are working on sulfur fuels. The causes of the outer corrosion are cooling and condensation on the walls of pipes of water vapor and sulfur anhydride located in fuel combustion products.

Damage to cast-iron ribbed economizers are due to the breaking of pipes and connecting kalays, as well as damage to the gaskets in flange connections. Such damage may be caused by hydraulic shocks in the economizer, improper installation of gaskets, excessive fusion flanges, etc.

The first signs of an accident of water economizers (pipe break, flow, etc.) are a sharp decrease in the water level in the boiler drum during its normal operation and noise in the economiser area.

Explosions and cotton in the furnace and shelters. In boilers on gas fuel, the explosions in the furnace are caused by gas leaks, poor ventilation of the furnace and gas ducts before the extractive and incomplete purge of gas pipelines to the burners (via candles), as well as by repeated gas ignition after the torch break without sufficient re-ventilation of the furnace. These explosions tend to have difficult consequences.

When burning liquid fuels, fires and explosions in the furnace and sherokenes occur with the poorly spraying by nozzles, accompanied by the flow of fuel oil into the ambrusuras and on the walls of the furnace with the accumulation of it in significant quantities, as well as increased removal of soot in gas supplies appearing with fuel mixture. incomplete combustion. In the latter case, accumulation occurs, and under certain conditions, and the ignition of deposits on the heating surfaces. At the same time, an inconsistent gas temperature increases unusual for this surface, the thrust decreases, the trim is heated, and sometimes the flame is knocked out.

When a fire is detected, it should be immediately discontinued by the date of fuel, localize burning (disconnecting blowing fans and smoke and dense closure of gas and airbases) and include local fire extinguishing (steam or water supply). Explosions and cotton can cause the destruction of irrigation and elements of the boiler unit.

1. These rules define the requirements for the device, manufacturing and operation of steam boilers, steamers and economizers with a working pressure of more than 0.7 kgf / cm2 and water boilers with water temperatures above 115 ° C.

2. To the boilers, which apply to the Action of these Rules include:

but) Steam boilers with a firebox;
b) Boilers - utilizers;
in) boilers boilers;
d) Water heating boilers with firebox.

3. The requirements of these rules do not apply to:

but) boilers and steam transmission steamers and heating boilers of railway rolling stock cars;
b) boilers, steam steampers and economizers installed on marine and river vessels and on other floating means;
in) atomic reactors;
d) Boilers with electrical heating.

Main definitions

1. A steam boiler is a device having a firebox heated by the products of the fuel combined in it and intended for obtaining steam with a pressure above atmospheric used outside the device itself.

2. The water boiler is a device having a firebox heated by the products of the fuel combed in it and intended for heating water under pressure above atmospheric and used as a coolant outside the device itself.

3. The recycler boiler - steam or water heating, in which hot gases of the technological process are used as a source of heat.

4. Boiler boiler - steam, in the steam space of which is placed a device for heating the water used outside the boiler itself, as well as a steam boiler, in the natural circulation of which is included a separate boiler.

5. Stationary boiler - installed on a fixed foundation.

6. Mobile boiler - having a running part or mounted on a mobile foundation.

7. Steamer - a device intended to increase the temperature of the steam above the saturation temperature corresponding to the pressure in the boiler.

8. Economizer is a device heated fuel combustion and intended for heating or partial evaporation of water entering the steam boiler. In the presence of a shut-off body on the pipeline between the boiler and the economizer, the latter is considered to be disconnected by water; In the presence of rubber gas and spikes to disable the economizer from the gas, the economizer is considered to be turned off by gas.

Responsibility for rules

1. These rules are mandatory for the execution by all officials, engineering and technical workers and workers who have a relation to design, manufacturing, installation, repair and operation of boilers, steamers and economizers.

2. Officials at enterprises, organizations, as well as engineering and technical workers of project and design institutions and organizations that are guilty of violating these Rules carrying personal responsibility regardless of whether it has led to a disorder or accident. They are also responsible for violations made by their subordinates.

3. Issuance by officials of the instructions or disposal, forcing those who subordinate to them to violate the rules of security and instructions, the unauthorized renewal of the works stopped by the Gosgortkhnadzor authorities or the technical inspection of trade unions, as well as the failure of measures to eliminate violations of the rules and instructions that are allowed by workers or other subordinate persons to them in Their presence is gross violations of these Rules. Depending on the nature of violations and their consequences, all these persons are responsible in disciplinary, administrative or judicial.

4. Workers are responsible for violating the requirements of these Rules or special instructions related to their work, in the manner prescribed by the regulations of the internal labor regulations of the enterprises and the Criminal Codes of the Union republics.

Production permit, passport and marking

1. Boilers, steamers, economizers and their elements should be made at enterprises with the permission of the local government of the Gosgortkhnadzor, in accordance with the "Instructions for the Supervision of Manufacturing Objects, Kotlonadzor".

2. The project and technical specifications for the manufacture of boilers, steamers and economizers should be agreed and approved in the manner prescribed by the Ministry (partition), which is subject to a project organization, the manufacturer of these facilities.

3. Any project changes, the need for which can occur in the manufacture, installation, repair or operation of boilers, steps, and economizers, must be coordinated with the organization that has implemented the project of these objects, and for boilers, steamers and economizers acquired abroad - with a specialized organization on boilers.

4. Each boiler, the steamer and the economizer should be supplied by the manufacturer with the customer with the passport of the installed form and the installation and operation instructions.

5. On the bottoms of the drum or on the hull of the boiler near the waterproof reinforcement, as well as on the ends or on the cylindrical part of the collectors and the chambers of the boiler, the steamer and the economizer should be applied by the following passport details: the manufacturer or its trademark; factory number of the product; Year of manufacture; calculated pressure; The estimated wall temperature and steel brand (only on the collectors of the steamers). In addition to the stamp, a metal plate with the above-mentioned passport data should be attached to the bottom of the drum or the boiler housing.

6. Boilers, steamers, economizers and their elements, as well as materials for the manufacture of this equipment purchased abroad, must meet the requirements and standards of these Rules. Retreats from these rules should be agreed with the State University of the USSR, before purchasing equipment or material abroad.

Armature, instrumentation and safety instruments

General requirements

1. To manage work and ensure normal operating conditions, boilers, steam steampers and economizers must be equipped with fittings, instrumentation and safety instruments available for observation and maintenance.

Safety valves

1. Each boiler over 100 kg / h should be equipped with no less than two safety valves, one of which must be control. On boilers, 100 kg / h overweight and less installation of one safety valve is allowed.

2. The total bandwidth of safety valves installed on the boiler should be at least a boiler performance.

3. If there is an unconnected steamer at the boiler, some of the safety valves with a bandwidth of at least 50% of the total bandwidth of all valves must be installed at the output collector of the steamer.

4. At unconquisitive steamers of locomotive boilers, a locomotive type, vertical with smokery pipes and other boilers, in which the temperature of gases wash the steamer, but can cause overheating of its elements, the installation of safety valves is not required.

5. The use of fuse valves of lever-cargo or spring (direct valves) or pulse (indirect action) is allowed. The auxiliary valve in pulse safety valves should be direct action with a diameter of at least 15 mm and is equipped with an electromagnetic drive.

6. On steam boilers with pressure above 39 kgf / cm2 (with the exception of utilizers and mobile boilers), only pulsed safety valves should be installed; On mobile boilers, the installation of lever-car valves is not allowed. The diameter of the lever-cargo and spring valves should be at least 20 mm. It is allowed to reduce the conditional passage of valves up to 15 mm for boilers with steam-capacity up to 0.2 t / h and pressure up to 8 kgf / cm2 under the condition of installing two valves.

7. The bandwidth of the safety valves must be confirmed by the corresponding tests of the head sample of the valve of this design, produced at the valve factory, and is indicated in the valve passport.

8. On steam boilers with a working pressure of more than 39 kgf / cm2, pulsed safety valves (indirect action) must be installed at the output manifold of an unconnected superheater or on a steam line to the main shut-off body, with drum boilers up to 50% of the valves for the total bandwidth, steam selection for The pulses should be made from the boiler borax. On block installations, in the case of placing valves on a steam line directly, the turbine is allowed for pulses of all valves to use superheated steam, and an additional electrical pulse from the contact pressure gauge connected to the boiler can be supplied for 50% of the valves.

9. In the energy units with intermediate overheating of the steam after the high pressure cylinder of the turbine (CVD), safety valves should be installed with a bandwidth of an equally maximum amount of steam entering the intermediate superheater. If there is a disconnecting reinforcement, additional safety valves must be installed. These valves are calculated on the total bandwidth of pipelines connecting the system of the intermediate steamer with high-pressure sources that are not protected by its safety valves at the input system in the system of intermediate overheating, as well as on possible steam tubes that may occur during damage to the high pressure and gas pipes. heat exchange devices for regulating the temperature of steam.

10. On direct-flow steam boilers, in which the first (along the course of water), part of the heating surface turns off during the extracts or stopping the boiler from the rest of the heating surface by locking authorities, the need for installation, the number and dimensions of the safety valves for the first part are determined by the boiler manufacturer.

11. On the hot water boilers it is necessary to install at least two safety valves, it is allowed to install one valve when the shut-off devices on the hot water line from the boiler to the expansion vessel are equipped with pipes with a diameter of at least 50 mm with the check valves mounted on them for passing water from the boiler to the expansion The vessel is connected to the atmosphere. On the direct-flow water heating boilers with chamber burning fuel equipped with an automatic device according to paragraph 4 of these Rules, the installation of safety valves is not required.

12. On a disconnected water, an economizer must be installed at least two safety valves with a diameter in the passage of at least 32 mm each. One valve is installed at the outlet of the water from the economizer to the locking organ (along the water), the other - at the entrance to the economizer after the shut-off (in the course of water). The calculation of safety valves installed on the economizer should be carried out by the formula for calculating safety valves for the water-heating boilers given in paragraph 21 of these Rules.

13. Safety valves should be installed on the nozzles attached directly to the boiler drum or to the steam room without intermediate shut-off. When there is a cross-sectional area on one nozzle of several safety valves, no less than 1.25 sum of the sections of all safety valves should be. Seaming steam from the nozzle on which one or more safety valves are located, is prohibited. For forwarding boilers, the installation of safety valves is allowed in any steam pipeline to the locking device.

14. In the design of the safety valves, the ability to verify their operational action in working condition by compulsory opening of the valve should be provided. Pulse safety valves should be equipped with a device that allows forced opening of the valve remotely from the place of the machine (Kochnar) of the boiler. If the force required to open valves will exceed 60 kgf, the valves must be equipped with appropriate fixtures for their lifting.

15. Safety valves must have protective devices (tap tubes) that protect the service personnel from burns when triggered, and the control valves, in addition, should have signaling devices (for example, a whistle) if the output of the environment is not heard from the workplace of the driver (stir) boiler. The medium coming out of safety valves should be discharged beyond the space; The removal should not be created for the protrusion valve; Distribution pipes must be equipped with a device for draining the condensate accumulating in them.

16. The drainage pipe from the fuse valves of the economizer must be attached to the free drainage of water, and there should be no shut-off on it and on the drain line; The device of the system of drainage pipes and lines of free drain should exclude the possibility of burning people.

17. Pulse safety valves (indirect valve) must have a device that prevents the ability to shock when they are opening and closed. On the auxiliary valves, this requirement does not apply.

18. The design of spring valves should exclude the possibility of a spring tightening over the established value. Valve springs must be protected from direct exposure to a steam jet.

19. Safety valves must protect boilers and steam steampers from exceeding pressure in them by more than 10% of the calculated (allowed). Exceeding the pressure with full opening of safety valves higher than 10% of the calculated can be allowed only if, when calculating the strength of the boiler and the steamer, a possible increase in pressure is taken into account.

20. The amount of steam that can skip the safety valve at full opening is determined by the following formulas:

but) for pressure from 0.7 to 120 kgf / cm2; saturated steam

where GN.P, GP and G is the bandwidth of the valve, kg / h; a - steam consumption coefficient taken equal to 90% value determined when testing head samples of valves of this design produced by the manufacturer; F is the smallest area of \u200b\u200bfree cross section in the flow part of the valve, mm2; P1 is the maximum overpressure in front of a safety valve that must be no more than 1.1 computational pressure, kgf / cm2; VN.P - specific volume of saturated steam in front of a safety valve, m3 / kg; VP.P - Specific volume of superheated steam in front of a safety valve, m3 / kg; V is a specific amount of steam (saturated or superheated in front of the safety valve), m3 / kg.

Formulas (1), (2) and (3) can be used under conditions for a saturated pair, if

where P2 is an overpressure behind the safety valve in the space in which pair from the valve (in case of expiry into the atmosphere P2 \u003d 0), kgf / cm2.

21. The number and diameter of the passage of safety valves installed on hot water boilers is determined by the formula

where n is the number of safety valves; d - the diameter of the valve seat in the light, see; h - the lifting height of the valve, see; K - empirical coefficient is accepted equal: for low lifting valves (H / D<= 1/20) K=135; для полноподъемных клапанов (h/d >\u003d 1/4) k \u003d 70; Q - maximum heat output of the boiler, kcal / h; P is the absolute maximum allowable pressure in the boiler with full opening of the valve, kgf / cm2; i is the heat-containing of a saturated pair with the maximum allowable pressure in the boiler, kcal / kg; TVC - water temperature in the boiler, ° C.

22. Safety valves on steam boilers and steamers must be adjusted to the pressure not exceeding the values \u200b\u200bin the table.

When adjusting the valves of the direct action mounted on the drum, and the pulse valves with the selection of the pulse from the drum for the working pressure takes pressure in the boiler drum. When adjusting the valves of the direct action mounted on the output collector of the steamer, and the pulse valves with the selection of pulses for the operating pressure for the working pressure, the pressure in the output collector of the steamer (steam pipeline) is taken. If two safety valves are installed on the boiler, the direct action safety valve mounted on the opening conductor output manifold, or a pulse valve with a pulse selection for a steamer must be control. The control valve must have a device that does not allow the service personnel to adjust the valve, but not preventing the status check. On the boilers of energy trains in the absence of automation of pressure control of the superheated pair, the safety valve installed after the superheater is considered to be a work valve.

23. Safety valves of the disconnected water economizer must be adjusted to the beginning of the opening of water input to the economizer at a pressure greater than the working pressure in the boiler by 25%, and from the outlet of the water from the economizer - exceeding 10%. Safety valves of water boilers must be adjusted to the beginning of the opening at a pressure of no more than 1.08 working pressure in the boiler.

24. The safety valve must be supplied to the customer with a passport, which includes the characteristic of its bandwidth.

Water level pointers

1. At each newly manufactured steam boiler for permanent monitoring of the position of water level in the drum, at least two water appliances direct action should be installed. Waterproof devices can not be installed on direct-flow and other boilers, the design of which does not require control over the position of the water level.

2. In boilers, steam producers are less than 0.7 t / h, as well as the steam-type boilers and locomotive, the replacement of one of the water circuits with two trial cranes or valves allowing their cleaning to directly. Installing the lower crane or valve should be made at the lowest level, and the upper - at the level of the highest allowed water level in the boiler. The inner diameter of the test crane or valve must be at least 8 mm.

3. The waterproofing device of direct action must be designed so that it can be replaced with the glass and the case during the operation of the boiler.

4. If the distance from the site, with which the water level is monitored in the steam boiler, to the waterproof devices of direct action more than 6 m, as well as in cases of poor visibility of the instruments, two reliably existing reduced remote indicators of the water level with tariated scales should be installed to which There are lower and higher levels of water along the waterproof device installed on the same boiler. In this case, on the boiler drums, it is allowed to install one water appliance device direct action. Reduced or remote indicators of the water level should be attached to the boiler drum on separate fittings, regardless of the upper water appliances and have sedative devices.

5. On the drums of boilers with stepped evaporation, according to which the water level is monitored, should be installed at least one water supply in each pure and each saline compartment, and on the other drums - one water supply in each pure compartment. In the case of a saline compartment device with independent separators, the installation of water appliances on separators is not required.

6. At boilers with several upper consistently included drums, at least two waterproof devices should be installed on the drum, according to which there is a constant monitoring of the water level, and one water supply to the remaining drums filled with water and steam.

7. If there is a steam boiler with several upper drums included in parallel circulation systems, i.e. The coupled and pair, on each drum should be installed at least one water supply.

8. In the boilers of the locomotive type, energy trains, direct action pointers in the presence of columns are installed: one on the column, the other on the windshield sheet of the boiler. In the absence of columns, it is allowed to install one level pointer and three-piece cranes.

9. The waterproofing devices of direct action should be installed in a vertical plane or with a tilt ahead at an angle of no more than 30 ° and should be located and illuminated so that the water level is clearly visible from the workplace of the driver (Kurchar).

10. Water-heating boilers should have a test crane mounted in the upper part of the boiler drum, and in the absence of a drum - at the outlet of water from the boiler to the main pipeline to the locking device.

11. On waterproof devices against the allowed low water level in the boiler, a fixed metal pointer should be installed with the inscription "Lower level". This level should be at least 25 mm higher than the lower visible edge of the transparent plate (glass). Similarly, the indicator of the highest permissible water level in the boiler should also be installed, which should be located at least 25 mm below the upper visible edge of the transparent plate of the water circuit.

12. When installing water appliances consisting of several separate waterproof glasses, the latter must be placed so that they continuously show the water level in the boiler.

13. Each waterproof device or trial crane should be installed on the boiler drum separately from each other. The installation of two waterproof devices on the coupling pipe (column) with a diameter of at least 70 mm is allowed. When connecting water appliances with a boiler with pipes up to 500 mm long, the inner diameter of these pipes should be at least 25 mm, and with a length of more than 500 mm, the diameter should be at least 50 mm. Pipes connecting water appliances with a boiler should be available for internal cleaning. Installation of intermediate flanges and shut-off authorities are not allowed. The configuration of pipes connecting the water supply device with the boiler drum should exclude the possibility of formation of water bags in them.

14. Pipes connecting water circuits with a drum (housing) of the boiler should be protected from freezing.

15. In the direction of the direct action level of steam boilers, only flat transparent plates (glasses) should be used. At the same time, for boilers with a working pressure of up to 39 kgf / cm2, the use of corrugated glasses and glasses having a smooth surface on both sides are allowed. For boilers with a working pressure of more than 39 kgf / cm2, smooth glasses should be applied with a mica gasket that protects the glass from the immediate effects of water and steam, or the head of the mica plates. The use of observation plates without protection of their mica is allowed if their material is resistant to the corrosion exposure to it water and steam at appropriate temperature and pressure.

16. Waterproof devices must be equipped with shut-off valves (valves or valves) to disconnect them from the boiler and purge reinforcement. To drain the water in the purge of water appliances, funnels with a protective device and a vents for free drain should be. At a pressure of more than 45 kgf / cm2, two shut-off to disconnect from the boiler should be installed on water instruments. The use of cork cranes as shut-off authorities is allowed in this case only for boilers with a working pressure of up to 13 kgf / cm2.

Manometers

1. On each steam boiler, a pressure gauge should be installed, showing steam pressure. On boilers, stealing capacity of more than 10 t / h and water-heating boilers with heat production capacity of more than 5 Gcal / h is required to install a registering pressure gauge. The pressure gauge must be installed on the boiler drum, and if the boiler has a superheater - and behind the steamer, to the main valve. On the direct-flow boilers, the pressure gauge must be installed behind the superheater before the locking authority. Installation of a pressure gauge on steam-barrier, locomotive, winter-tube boilers and vertical type boilers is not required.

2. Each steam boiler should have a pressure gauge on the nutritional line in front of the body regulating the power supply to water. If several boilers are installed in the boiler room less than 2 t / h each, it is allowed to install one pressure gauge on a common nutrient line.

3. When using a water supply network instead of the second nutrient pump in the immediate vicinity of the boiler, a pressure gauge must be installed on this water supply network.

4. On a disconnected water economizer, the pressure gauges must be installed at the inlet of water to the locking organ and the safety valve and at the outlet of the water to the locking organ and the safety valve. If there are pressure gauges on common nutrients to economizers, installing them at the input of water into each economizer is not required.

5. On the hot water boilers, the pressure gauges are installed: at the inlet of water into the boiler and at the outlet of the heated water from the boiler to the locking organ, on the suction and discharge lines of circulation pumps with the location at one level in height, as well as on the power supply lines or to feed the heat seafood.

6. Manometers installed on boilers, steamers, economizers and nutritional lines, should be accuracy class not lower:

2.5 - for operating pressure up to 23 kgf / cm2;

1.6 - for the operating pressure above 23, to 140 kgf / cm2 inclusive;

1.0 - for the operating pressure of over 140 kgf / cm2.

7. The pressure gauge should be with such a scale so that at the operating pressure of the arrow of it in the middle third of the scale.

8. On the scale of the pressure gauge, a red feature should be applied on a division, corresponding to the highest permissible working pressure in the boiler, and for reduced pressure gauges - taking into account the added pressure from the weight (mass) of the fluid column. In return, the red feature is allowed to attach a metal plate painted in a manometer, painted in red and tightly adjacent to the glass gauge.

9. The pressure gauge must be installed so that its testimony is clearly visible to the service personnel, while it should be in a vertical plane or tilt forward to 30 ° C. The nominal diameter of the pressure gauges installed at an altitude of up to 2 m on the level of the observation site of the pressure gauge must be at least 100 mm, at a height of 2 to 5 m - at least 150 mm and at an altitude of more than 5 m - at least 250 mm.

10. A connecting siphon tube with a diameter of at least 10 mm with a three-way crane or a similar device with a hydraulic shutter should be between the pressure gauge and the steam boiler. On boilers with a pressure above 39 kgf / cm2, with the exception of power boilers, instead of a three-way crane on a siphon tube, valves must be installed, allowing you to disconnect the pressure gauge from the boiler, to inform it with the atmosphere and blow the siphon tubes.

11. Pressure gauges are not allowed to use in cases where:

but) The pressure gauge does not have a seal or stamp with a check mark;

b) expired test validity of the pressure gauge;

in) The pressure gauge arrow when it is turned off, it does not return to the zero indication of the scale by a value greater than half the permissible error for this pressure gauge;

d) The glass is broken or other damage to the pressure gauge, which can affect the correctness of its testimony.

Devices for measuring the temperature of steam, water and liquid fuel

1. In the superheated steam steam pipelines on the plot from the boiler to the main vapor valve must be installed devices for measuring the temperature of the superheated steam. For boilers with natural circulation with steam-capacity over 20 t / h, and for direct-flow boilers, steam-capacity more than 1 t / h, in addition, the installation of a device that registers the temperature of steam is required.

2. On steam-parallers with multiple parallel sections, in addition to the instruments for measuring the temperature of steam, installed on the total steaming steam steamings, instruments must be installed for the periodic temperature measurement of the outlet from each section, and for boilers with a pair temperature above 500 ° C - at the output part Steamer coils, on one thermocouple (sensor) for each meter of the width of the gas plant. For boilers steam-performance more than 400 t / h, the steam temperature measurement instruments at the output part of the steamer coils should be continuous with the recording device.

3. In the presence of an intermediate superheater at the output, devices must be installed to measure the pair temperature in accordance with Art. 2.

4. If there is a steamer on the boiler to regulate the overheating temperature of steam to the vaporoolel, and after it must be installed instruments for measuring steam temperature.

5. At the entrance of water to the economizer and outlet of it, as well as on nutritional pipelines of steam boilers without an economizer, sleeves should be installed to be able to measure the temperature of nutrient water.

6. At hot water boilers, the water temperature measuring instruments must be installed at the inlet of water into the boiler and at the output of it. At the outlet of the hot water, the device must be located between the boiler and the locking authority. The boiler has a heat output of more than 1 gkal / h, the temperature measuring the temperature mounted at the outlet of the water from the boiler must be registering.

7. When the boilers on the liquid fuel on the fuel line in the immediate vicinity of the boiler should be set a thermometer to measure the temperature of the fuel in front of the nozzles.

Armature of the boiler and its pipelines

1. The armature, installed on the boiler or pipelines, should have a clear marking in which it should be indicated:

a) the name or trademark of the manufacturer; b) conditional passage; c) conditional pressure or operating pressure and temperature of the medium; d) Direction of the flow of the medium.

2. Armature with a conditional passage over 20 mm made from alloy steel must have a passport (certificate), which indicates the grades of materials used for the manufacture of basic parts (housings, covers, fasteners), conditional passage, conditional pressure or working pressure and temperature medium.

3. On flywheels of reinforcements should be marked signs indicating the direction of rotation when opening and closing the valve.

4. On all pipelines of boilers, steamers and economizers, the addition of reinforcement should be performed on flanges or with welding. In the boilers, the operation of no more than 1 t / h is allowed to attach the reinforcement on the thread with a conditional passage of no more than 25 mm and the operating pressure of the saturated steam not higher than 8 kgf / cm2.

5. Between the boiler and accessible steps or turbine, a locking valve or a valve should be installed. If there is a superheater, the shut-off valve must be installed for the steamer. If necessary, the installation of the return valve is allowed between the shut-off reinforcement, which prevents the admission of steam into the boiler in the boiler in the boiler room. On the velocity steam generators (PPU) vehicle installation of the check valve is required. At boilers with a pressure of more than 39 kgf / cm2 on each pipeline from the boiler to a common boiler vehicle or to the retaining valve of the turbine, at least two locking organs must be installed with a device between them with a passage with a passage of at least 20 mm communicating with the atmosphere. On monoblock steps (boiler turbine), the locking reinforcement behind the boiler can be not established, provided that the need for it is not caused by the scheme of the extracts, stop or adjusting the boiler operation.

6. If there is an intermediate superheater in the inlet and outlet of it, the pair should be installed on one stop valve. Monoblocks have the installation of valves is not required. If the steam turbines are sent to the intermediate superiments of two or more boilers, then at the entrance to the intermediate superheater of each boiler, except for the shut-off valve, a control body must be installed for proportional to the pair of steam steam steamers of individual boilers.

7. Shut-off authorities on steam pipelines should be located as close to the boiler (superheater). For direct-flow boilers, as well as for monoblocks and double-blocks (two boiler turbines) with drum boilers, the installation of shut-off reinforcement is allowed anywhere in the steam pipeline connecting the boiler with a shared boiler bag or with a locking valve of the turbine.

8. Each boiler has 4 t / h overlap and more control of the main shipping authority from the workplace of the driver (Kochghar) of the boiler.

9. A shut-off valve or a valve and a check valve should be installed on the nutritional pipeline, which prevents the output of the water from the boiler to the nutrient pipeline. On boilers with pressure up to 39 kgf / cm2, the shut-off body is set between the boiler and the check valve. In steam boilers with centralized food on each nutritional pipeline, at least two locking valves or valves, between which the drainage device should be with a passage of at least 20 mm, connected to the atmosphere should be installed. If the boiler has no economizer-disconnected economizer, then the locking body and the check valve are installed on the nutrient pipelines before the economizer. The economizer disconnected by water, the shut-off body and the check valve must also be installed at the outlet of the water from the economize.

10. In the nutrient lines of each steam boiler, control valves (valves, valves) must be installed. When automatically adjusting the boiler nutrition, there must be a remote drive to control the adjusting feed reinforcement from the workplace of the machine (Kochnaya) of the boiler.

11. When installing several nutrient pumps with common suction and injection pipelines, each pump on the suction side and shut-off valves must be installed. On the pressure pipe of each centrifugal pump to the locking authority the check valve must be installed.

12. On the nutritional pipeline between the piston pump (which has no safety valve) and a locking body, a safety valve must be installed, eliminating the possibility of exceeding the calculated pressure of the nutrient pipeline. The inner diameter of the attached pipeline (nozzle) to the safety valve should be at least 1/3 of the inner diameter of the nutrient pipeline and at least 25 mm.

13. The nutritional pipeline should have air to release air from the upper points of the pipeline and drainage to drain the water from the lower pipes.

14. Each boiler (steamer, economizer) must have pipelines for:

a) blowing the boiler and draining the water when stopping the boiler; b) removal of air from the boiler during the cross; c) removal of condensate from steam pipelines; d) sampling of water and steam and input additives in boiler water; e) release of overheated steam from drum boilers and water or steam from straight-flow boilers during trash or stop.

For boilers with a capacity of not more than 1 t / h, the installation of the pipelines specified in the points "b" and "g" is not required.

15. The purge and drain pipeline system should provide the ability to remove water and precipitation from the lowest parts of the boiler (steamer, economizer). The conditional passage of drain pipelines must be at least 50 mm. For water-tube boilers that do not have lower drums, the conditional passage of drain pipes connected to the lower chambers must be at least 20 mm. For boilers with pressure above 60 kgf / cm2, it is necessary to install two locking organs on each drain pipeline. Shut-off authorities must be installed as close as possible to the drum or camera. In the area of \u200b\u200bthe pipeline between the boiler and the locking body, there should be no detachable compounds, except for the flange, necessary for the connections of this pipeline with a boiler or a shock body.

16. On boilers with a pressure of 39 kg / cm2 and more must be managed from the workplace of the machine boiler device for resetting water from the top drum in case of dangerous overflow of it above the upper permissible level. This device should exclude the possibility of draining water below the lowest allowable level.

17. Pulling pipelines must be joined at the lowest points of the respective drums, chambers and boilers. At boilers with a pressure of more than 8 kgf / cm2, two locking organs should be installed on each purge line or one shut-off and one regulating. At boilers with a pressure of more than 100 kgf / cm2 on these pipelines, in addition, it is allowed to install throttle washers. To clean the chambers of the steamers, the installation of one locking authority is allowed. The conditional passage of purge pipelines and the valves installed on them should be at least 20 mm for boilers by pressure up to 140 kgf / cm2 and at least 10 mm for boilers with a pressure of 140 kgf / cm2 or more.

18. Each boiler for periodic purge should have an independent purge line connected to a common highway aimed at the atmosphere or to a purge tank working without pressure. The use of a purge tank operating under pressure is allowed, provided that the tank will be equipped with no less than two safety valves. Devices for continuous blowing of the boiler and purging steam collectors (cameras) must have separate purge lines. Installation of shut-off valves on common blowing or drain highways is prohibited. It is allowed to install an additional locking organ on a common drain or purge line that combines several drain or purge lines of one boiler. The device of purge and drain lines should exclude the possibility of burning people.

19. In drain and purge pipelines, the use of cast-iron fittings (with the exception of the forging cast iron), shaped parts, as well as cork pulp, gas welded and cast-iron pipes are not allowed.

20. In places of possible accumulation of air in the boiler and the economizer, devices must be installed to remove it. If you can remove the air accumulating in the economizer through the drainage pipes, the installation of the air removal device is not required. On the pair selection pipe, the installation of the air device is not allowed.

21. In all parts of the steering pipe, which can be disabled by shut-off authorities, drainages must be arranged, providing condensate removal. On each drainage pipeline, a locking organ must be installed, and at a pressure of more than 8 kgf / cm2 - two shut-off organs or one stop and one control valve. At boilers with a pressure of more than 100 kgf / cm2, except for shut-off authorities, it is allowed to install throttle washers.

22. Each hot water boiler connected to the total hot water highway, on the supply and discharge pipelines should be installed on one shut-off (valve or valve).

23. The water boiler in the top of the drum must have a device for removing air when filling the boiler (system) with water.

24. On water-heating boilers with forced circulation to prevent a sharp increase in pressure and water temperature in the boiler during a random stop of circulation pumps, on a pipeline or a hot water removal manifold from a boiler to shut-off reinforcement, a burst with an inner diameter of at least 50 mm with a locking valve should be installed ( Limit) for removal of water in the drain. On the boilers with a capacity of 4 Gcal / h and more installation of the destrument is not required.

Security devices

1. Boilers steam-performance 0.7 t / h and higher with chamber burning of fuel should be equipped with devices that automatically stop the fuel supply to the burners while reducing the water level below the allowable limit.

2. Steam and water-heating boilers operating on gaseous fuel when air supplying air from blowing fans must be equipped with devices that automatically stop the supply of gas in the burner when the air pressure drops below the permissible.

3. Water heating boilers with multiple circulation and chamber burning of fuel should be equipped with devices automatically stopping the fuel supply to the burners, and with a layer burning of fuel - devices that disconnect the drums when the water pressure decreases in the system to the value at which the danger of hydraulic blows is created, and Increase water temperature above installed.

4. Direct-flowing water heating boilers with chamber combustion of fuel should be equipped with automatic devices that stop supplying fuel into the fuel furnace, and with a layer burning of fuel - disconnecting the drums and fuel feeding machines of the furnace in cases:

a) increase the water pressure in the output manifold of the boiler to 1.05 calculated pressure on the strength of the pipeline of the heat seafood and the actual boiler: b) lowering the water pressure in the output manifold of the boiler to a value corresponding to the saturation pressure at the maximum operating temperature of water at the outlet of the boiler; c) increase water temperature at the outlet of the boiler to a value of 20 ° C below the saturation temperature corresponding to the water pressure in the output manifold of the boiler; d) Reducing the consumption of water through the boiler, in which the weathering of water to boiling at the outlet of the boiler at maximum load and operating pressure in the output manifold reaches 20 ° C.

The definition of this consumption should be determined by the formula

where Gmin is the minimum allowable water consumption through the boiler, kg / h; Qmax - maximum heat output of the boiler, kcal / h; TS - boiling point of water at operating pressure at the outlet of the boiler, ° C; TVC - water temperature at the entrance to the boiler, ° C.

In order to avoid boiling water, the average speed of it in separate heated radiation from the pipes of the pipes should be at least 1 m / s.

5. On boilers, steam-performance 0.7 t / h and above must be installed automatically active sound alarms of the upper and lower limit positions of water levels.

6. Boilers steam-capacity 2 t / h and more must be equipped with automatic power regulators; This requirement does not apply to boilers boilers who have the selection of steam to the side, in addition to the boiler, does not exceed 2 t / h.

7. Boilers with steam overheating temperature above 400 ° C must be equipped with automatic temperature controllers overheated steam. In cases where it is possible to increase the temperature of the walls of the intermediate superheater pipes over a valid value, it must be equipped with a protective device that prevents such an increase in steam temperature.

8. Safety devices must be protected from affecting them who are not related to their maintenance and repair, and have devices to verify the serviceability of their action.

Water mode of boilers

General requirements

1. The choice of a method for processing water to feed boilers should be made by a specialized (design, applied) organization.

2. Water mode should ensure the operation of the boiler and the nutrient path without damaging their elements due to the deposits of scale and sludge, excess of the relative alkalinity of boiler water to hazardous limits or as a result of metal corrosion, as well as to ensure a pair of proper quality. All boilers steam-performance 0.7 t / h and more must be equipped with installations for water treatment. It is also allowed to apply other effective ways of water treatment that guarantee the fulfillment of the requirements of this article.

3. For boilers with steam-performance of 0.7 t / h and more taking into account their design, the specialized (adjusting) organization should develop instructions (regime cards) approved by the administration of the enterprise, indicating the procedure for the production of boiler and nutritious water analyzes, nutritious and boiler water quality rates, The modes of continuous and periodic purge, the order of maintenance of equipment on water treatment, the timing of stopping the boiler for cleaning and flushing and the order of inspection of the stopped boilers. In the necessary cases, the aggressiveness of boiler water should be inspected.

4. In the boiler room there must be a magazine (statement) on water treatment for records of water test results, performing the modes of blowing boilers and operations for the maintenance of water treatment equipment. At each stopping of the boiler for cleaning the inner surfaces of its elements in the water treatment journal, the type and thickness of the scale and the sludge must be recorded, the presence of corrosion, as well as signs of looser (walling, outer salts) in rivet and rolling connections.

5. At boilers, a steam-capacity of less than 0.7 t / h period between cleaning should be such that the thickness of the deposits on the highest-pressure sections of the boiler heating surface at the time of its cleaning stop did not exceed 0.5 mm.

6. On the backup lines of raw water attached to the lines of the softened nutrient water or condensate, and two locking organs and the control faucet between them should be installed on the nutrient tanks. Shut-off authorities must be in a closed position and be seated, the control crane is open. Each case of raw water should be recorded in a water preparation log.

Nutritional Requirements

1. The quality of nutrient water for boilers with natural circulation with a steam-capacity of 0.7 t / h and above with a working pressure of up to 39 kgf / cm2 must comply with the following standards:

but) Overall rigidity (no more):

for gas-pipe and winter-tube boilers working on solid fuel - 500 μg-eq / kg;

for gas-pipe and winter-tube boilers working on gaseous or liquid fuel - 30 μg-eq / kg;

for water-tube boilers with a working pressure of up to 13 kgf / cm2 - 20 μg-eq / kg;

for water-tube boilers with a working pressure above 13 to 39 kgf / cm2 - 15 μg-eq / kg;

b) The content of dissolved oxygen (no more): for boilers with a working pressure of up to 39 kgf / cm2 and steam-capacity 2 t / h and more, not having economizers, and boilers with cast-iron economizers - 100 μg / kg; for boilers with a working pressure up to 39 kgf / cm2 and 2 t / h steam-capacity and more with steel economizers - 30 μg / kg;

in) Oil content (no more):

for boilers with a working pressure up to 13 kgf / cm2 - 5 mg / kg;

for boilers with a working pressure above 13 kgf / cm2 to 39 kgf / cm2 - 3 mg / kg.

2. The quality of nutrient water for steam boilers with natural circulation with a working pressure of more than 39 kgf / cm2, as well as for direct-flow boilers, regardless of pressure, the requirements of the technical operation of electric stations and networks should satisfy the requirements of the technical operation of electrical stations and networks.

3. Colebeling rates and alkalinity of boiler water are installed on the basis of the appropriate tests. The relative alkalinity of boiler water for steam boilers should not exceed 20%. In steam boilers with welded drums, an increase in the relative alkalinity of boiler water can be made on the permissible norm under the condition of adoption of measures to prevent intercrystalline metal corrosion.

4. The quality of feeding water for water boilers must comply with the following standards:

a) carbonate rigidity - no more than 700 μg-eq / kg; b) the content of dissolved oxygen - no more than 50 μg / kg; c) the content of suspended substances - no more than 5 mg / kg; d) the content of free carbon dioxide is not allowed; e) pH indicator at least 7.

Nutritional devices

General requirements

1. To feed the boiler with water, the following nutrients are allowed;

but) centrifugal and piston pumps with electric drive;

b) piston and centrifugal pumps with steam drive; c) steam injectors; d) hand-driven pumps.

2. On the case of each nutritional pump and the injector, a plate with the following data should be attached:

a) the name of the manufacturer; b) year of manufacture and factory number; c) nominal feed at rated water temperature in m3 / h (l / min); d) the number of revolutions per minute for centrifugal pumps or the number of moves per minute of piston pumps; e) maximum pressure at rated feed, water. Art. (kgf / cm2); e) Rated water temperature before pump, ° C.

In the absence of a factory passport, a pump must be carried out to determine its feed and pressure. Such a test should be carried out after each pump overhaul.

3. The pump head must be selected taking into account the supply of boiler with water at a pressure corresponding to the full opening of working safety valves mounted on a steam boiler, as well as taking into account the pressure loss in the pressure network.

4. To power boilers with a working pressure of no more than 4 kgf / cm2 and steam-capacity of no more than 1 t / h, the use of water supply as a backup power supply, if the water pressure in the last directly at the boiler exceeds the allowed pressure in the boiler at least 1.5 kgf / cm2.

5. For boilers with a working pressure of no more than 4 kgf / cm2 and steam-capacity not more than 150 kg / h with periodic power, the use of manual nutritional pumps is allowed.

6. Food of steam boilers with different operating pressures should be carried out from independent nutrient devices. It is allowed to power such boilers from a single nutrient device if the difference in working pressures of boilers does not exceed 15%. Nutritional pumps connected to the general highway must have characteristics that allow parallel operation of pumps.

7. As nutrient devices, instead of steam drive pumps, the use of injectors in the same quantity and the same performance are allowed.

8. In block installations (turbine boiler or two boiler turbines) food boilers must be individual for each block.

9. Each direct-flow boiler must have an independent nutrient device (with an electric or steam drive), independent of the nutrients of the boilers of other structures.

10. When using nutrient pumps, only with steam drive should be an additional nutrient device for powering a steam boiler during its extracts or a steam supply to a steam drive from the side.

11. When using pumps, only an electrically driven should be provided with automatic switching from one independent power supply to another.

Number and productivity of nutrients

1. The number and supply of electric pump pumps to power the steam boilers of stationary power plants are selected with such a calculation so that in the event of a stop of any of the pumps, the remaining operations provided all working boilers (without a backup boiler) at nominal vapor performance, taking into account water consumption for purging and other losses. In addition to the specified nutritional pumps, backup power pumps with steam drive must be installed:

but) on power plants not included in the total power system or not related parallel work on another, permanently operating power plant; b) to power steam boilers with chamber burning fuel, in which drums are heated with hot gases; c) to power steam boilers with fuel layer burning.

The total supply of backup nutrition pumps should provide at least 50% of the nominal vapor capacity of all workers. It is allowed as the main constantly working nutritional devices, the use of steam drive pumps, and the installation of backup pumps is not required. The amount and supply of pumps for the power of the direct-flow boilers with steam-performance 450 t / h and more on the core parameters are selected with such a calculation so that in the case of stopping the most powerful pump, the remaining, including the backup pump, ensured the operation of the boiler with a steam-capacity of at least 50% nominal.

2. For the power of steam boilers (with the exception of boilers of power plants and energy trains), at least two powered powers, of which one or more should be with a steam drive, should be set. The total supply of electric pump pumps should be at least 110%, and with steam drive - at least 50% of the nominal vapor capacity of all boilers. It is allowed to install all nutritional pumps with a steam actuator, and if there are two or more independent power supplies, only electricity. Pumps for steam boilers with a pressure of no more than 4 kgf / cm2 can only be with an electric power supply with a single power supply. In these cases, the quantity and supply of pumps are chosen with such a calculation so that when stopping the most powerful pump, the total feed supply of the remaining pumps was at least 110% of the nominal vapor produce of all workers boilers. The work of boilers with steam-capacity is not more than 1 t / h with a power pump with an electric drive, if the boilers are equipped with an automatic security device that excludes the possibility of lowering the water level and increase the pressure above the allowable.

3. To power boiler boilers in the absence of steam selection, in addition to the boiler, at least two pumps with a total feed of at least 50% of the steam output of the most powerful boiler must be installed. In the presence of pair selection, in addition to the boiler, the total pump feed must be increased taking into account the actual selection of steam.

4. At least two pumps should be installed to feed the hot water boilers with natural circulation, and at least two pumps for feeding and at least two circulation pumps should be installed with forced circulation. The pressure and supply of pumps must be chosen with such a calculation so that when the most powerful pump can be able to provide the remaining operation of the boilers (systems). Pumps for the water-heating boiler with heat production capacity of 4 Gcal / h and more must have two independent power sources of the electric drive. To feed the hot water boilers, instead of one of the total pumps, the use of water supply is allowed if the pressure in the plumbing directly at the site of connecting it to the boiler or the system exceeds the sum of the static and dynamic headproof system at least 1.5 kgf / cm2.

5. The pressure created by circulating and feed pumps must exclude the possibility of boiling water in the boiler and the system.

6. The number and supply of nutritional pumps to power the steam boilers of energy trains must comply with the following standards:

but) With individual power, each boiler is installed one working pump with steam or electrical drive and one backup vapor pump. The supply of each pump should be at least 120% of the nominal overpassing of the boiler;

b) With centralized nutrition, the boilers must be installed two pumps with steam or electrical drive and the feeding of each at least 120% of the total nominal vapor produce of all workers boilers. In addition, each boiler must have one backup steam pump with a supply of at least 120% of the nominal vapor capacity of this boiler.

7. At the location of the nutritional devices outside the boiler room, a direct telephone or other connection between the machine (fireborne) and the staff serving the nutrient devices must be installed.

8. The nutrient pipe must be designed for the maximum pressure created by the pumps connected to it. Food boilers with steam-capacity 4 t / h and more than a layered fuel combustion, and with any other method of burning fuel in the presence of drums heated by hot gases, it should be carried out in two nutrient pipelines independent of each other. One nutritional line between the power regulator and the boiler is allowed. The throughput of each nutrient and suction pipe should provide nominal vatabilities of the boiler, taking into account the flow of water to purge.

Rooms for boilers

General requirements

1. Stationary boilers should be installed in separate buildings (boiler room closed). It is allowed to install boilers in boiler rooms:

a) semi-open type - in areas with the calculated temperature of the outer air below minus 20 ° C to minus 30 ° C; b) open type - in areas with the calculated temperature of the outer air from minus 20 ° C and higher.

In areas of dust storms and abundant precipitation, regardless of the calculated temperature of the outer air, the boilers should be placed in the boiler room closed type. Boilers - utilizers and steel straight-type water-type boilers can be installed in open-type boilers in areas with the calculated temperature of the outer air not lower than minus 35 ° C. When placing boilers in boiler houses of a semi-open and open type, measures should be taken against the effects of atmospheric precipitation on the cutting of boilers, the freezing of water in pipelines, reinforcement and elements of boilers during their work and stop. All measuring instruments, controlled and control devices for boilers, nutrients, water treatment equipment (with the exception of deaerators) and workplaces of service personnel must be in warm rooms. Boilers must be fenced from tolerance of unauthorized persons.

Note. The calculated temperature of the outer air is considered the average temperature of the coldest five days of the year in the area of \u200b\u200bfinding the boiler room.

2. Boiler rooms should not be adjusted to residential buildings and public premises (theaters, clubs, hospitals, children's institutions, educational institutions, changing rooms and soap premises of baths, shops), and be located inside these buildings. It is allowed to adjoin the boiler rooms to the production premises, provided that they are separated from the fire wall with the limit of fire resistance at least 4 hours. If there are door openings in this wall, the doors should be opened toward the boiler room. The device of any premises directly above the boilers is not allowed.

3. Inside the industrial premises, as well as on them and under them is allowed to install:

a) direct flow boilers with steam-performance each no more than 4 t / h; b) boilers satisfying condition (t - 100) v<= 100 (для каждого котла), где t - температура насыщенного пара при рабочем давлении, °С; V - водяной объем котла, м3; в) водогрейных котлов теплопроизводительностью каждый не более 2,5 Гкал/ч, не имеющих барабанов; г) котлов-утилизаторов без ограничений.

4. The installation of boilers inside the industrial premises, above them and under them should be separated from the rest of the room by non-aggravated partitions over the entire height of the boiler, but not lower than 2 m, with the door device for the passage to the boiler. Boiler recyclars can be separated from the rest of the production premises together with the furnaces or units with which they are related to the technological process.

5. In the industrial premises adjacent to residential premises, but the capital walls separated from them are allowed to install steam boilers, in which (T - 100) V<= 5, где t - температура жидкости при рабочем давлении, °С; V - водяной объем котла, м3.

6. The boiler house buildings are allowed to accommodate household, service premises and workshops intended for the repair of the equipment of the boiler room, provided that they are separated by the walls and overlaps made from non-aggravated materials, and ensure normal conditions for people working in them.

7. If necessary, the device in the building of the coil room can be isolated from other premises to prevent gas and dust penetration.

8. It is allowed to use the boiler frame as carrier elements of the building structure, if provided for by the project.

9. For service personnel, household premises must be equipped in the boiler room in accordance with the sanitary standards.

10. All elements of boilers, pipelines, steam steampers, economizers and auxiliary equipment with a wall temperature of the outer surface above 45 ° C, located in places available for service personnel, should be coated with thermal insulation, the temperature of the outer surface of which should not exceed 45 ° C.

11. The ventilation and heating of the boiler room must ensure the removal of excess moisture, harmful gases and dust and maintain the following temperature conditions:

a) in the area of \u200b\u200bpermanent stay of the attendant personnel, the air temperature in the winter should not be below 12 ° C, and in the summer should not exceed the temperature of the outdoor air by more than 5 °; b) In the other places of the possible stay of the attendant personnel, the air temperature should not exceed more than 15 ° C in the main zone.

12. In the boiler room, the device of attic overlaps over the boilers is not allowed.

13. The floor level of the lower floor of the boiler room should not be below the level of the territory adjacent to the boiler room.

Door and Tambourov

1. On each floor of the boiler room should be at least two outlets located in opposite sides of the room. A device of one output is allowed if the floor area is less than 200 m2 and there is a spare output to the outer fire staircase, and in one-storey boilers - with the length of the room on the front of the boilers, no more than 12 m. Output from the boiler room, it is considered to be a direct output outside and output through Staircase or tambour.

2. The weekend doors from the boiler room should open out from handpad and should not have constipation from the boiler room. All weekend doors of the boiler room during boilers should not be shoved. The weekend doors from the boiler room in service, domestic, as well as the auxiliary-production premises must be supplied with springs and open towards the boiler room.

3. The gate of the boiler room, through which fuel supply and the removal of ash and slag are produced, must have a vestibule or air thermal veil. The sizes of the tambour should provide security and convenience of servicing for fuel or remove ash and slag. In areas with an average air temperature of the coldest five days, no lower than minus 5 ° C, the device of the tambouries and thermal veil is not necessary.

Lighting

1. Boiler room facilities must be provided with sufficient daylight, and at night - electric lighting. Places that for technical reasons cannot be provided by daylight should have electrical lighting. The illumination of the main jobs should be no lower than the following norms:

2. In addition to working light, the boilers should have emergency electrical lighting from power sources independent of the overall electric lighting network boiler room. The following places are subject to mandatory emergency lighting equipment:

a) the front of the boilers, as well as the passages between the boilers, the back of the boilers and over the boilers; b) heat shields and control panels; c) water and measuring instruments; d) ash premises; e) fan seat; e) smoking area; g) premises for tanks and deaerators; h) platforms and stairs of boilers; and) pumping room.

For boiler rooms with an area of \u200b\u200bfloor up to 250 m2, portable electrical lights are allowed as emergency lighting.

3. Electrical equipment, lamps, conduits, grounding and their installation must comply with the requirements of the electrical installation rules.

4. For electrical lamps of the total and local illumination, suspended at a height below 2.5 m above the floor or venues, the voltage must be no more than 36 V. The voltage 127-220 is allowed to be allowed that the device will not allow the lamps to be replaced by the lamps, In which this is not entrusted with the instructions for boiler houses, and the lamps will be protected from random contact of the service personnel.

Placing boilers and auxiliary equipment

1. The distance from the front of the boilers or protruding parts of the furnace to the opposite wall of the boiler room should be at least 3 m, while for boilers operating a gas or liquid fuel, the distance from the protruding parts of the burner devices to the wall of the boiler room should be at least 1 m, and for Boilers equipped with mechanized fireboxes, the distance from the protruding parts of the furnace should be at least 2 m. For boilers with steam-capacity, no more than 2 t / h. The distance from the front of boilers or protruding parts of the furnace to the wall of the boiler room can be reduced to 2 m in the following cases:

a) if the manual firebox for solid fuel is served from the front and has a length of no more than 1 m; b) in the absence of the need to maintain the furnace from the front; c) If the boilers are heated by gaseous or liquid fuel (while maintaining the distance from the burner devices to the wall of a boiler room at least 1 m).

2. The distance between the front of boilers and protruding parts of the furnaces located against each other should be:

a) for boilers equipped with mechanized fireboxes - not less than 4 m; b) for boilers working on gaseous and liquid fuel - not less than 4 m, while the distance between the burner devices should be at least 2 m; c) for boilers with manual fireboxes at least 5m.

3. Before the front of the boilers, installing pumps, fans and heat shields, as well as storage of solid fuel reserve for nothing more than one change of boilers. The width of the free passes along the front must be at least 1.5 m. Installed equipment and fuel should not interfere with the maintenance of boilers.

4. When installing boilers for which the lateral maintenance of the furnace or boiler is required (airborne, blasting, cleaning of gas ducts, drums and collectors, the exhaust of the economizer packages and the steamer, exhaust pipe, maintenance of burner devices), the width of the side passage should be sufficient for maintenance and repair, but Not less than 1.5 m for boilers with steam-capacity up to 4 t / h and at least 2 m for boilers with steam-capacity 4 t / h or more. Between the extreme boiler and the wall of the boiler room, regardless of the capacity of the boiler, it is allowed to reduce the width of the side passage to 1.3 m.

5. In the absence of lateral maintenance of the furnaces and boilers, the device is necessarily a device for at least one pass between the boilers or between the extreme boiler and the boiler room. The width of this side passage, as well as the width between the boilers and the rear wall of the boiler room should be at least 1 m. The width of the passage between the individual protruding from the cutting parts of the boilers (frames, pipes, separators, etc.), as well as between these parts and protruding parts of the building (columns), stairs, workpapers, etc. It should be not less than 0.7 m. In the absence of a pass between the wall of the boiler climbing the boiler and the wall of the boiler room, the icing should not be close to the wall of the building and should defend from it at least 70 mm.

6. The distance from the top mark (platforms) of the maintenance of the boiler to the lower, located above it is the constructive parts of the coating of the boiler room must be at least 2 m. In the absence of the necessary transition through the drum, an armor or an economizer, the distance from them to the lower structural parts of the coating of the boiler room should be at least 0 , 7 m.

7. It is prohibited to install in one room with boilers and economizers of machines and instruments that are not directly related to their maintenance, repair of equipment boiler room or to the technology of obtaining steam. It is allowed to install steamel engines, water heaters, pumps and backup heating engines, provided that these installations will not make it difficult to maintain boilers and economizers. Boiler units and turbines of power plants can be installed in a common room or in adjacent rooms without the construction of separation walls between the boiler room and the machine room.

8. The placement of boilers, steamers and energy trains in power trains, on the lifting cranes and other mobile means are determined by the design organization based on the maximum serviceability and safety of work.

Places and stairs

1. For convenient and safe servicing of boilers, steps and economizers, permanent sites and stairs with railing with a height of at least 0.9 m with a solid shearing of the panel panel at least 100 mm should be installed. Transition platforms and stairs should be with railings on both sides. Plates of more than 5 m long must have at least two stairs (outputs) located in opposite ends. A device of dead-end platforms is allowed with a length of more than 5 m with one output, intended only for the production of repair work.

2. Playgrounds and steps can be performed:

a) from the spacing leaf; b) from the rifered sheet steel or from sheets with a non-low surface obtained by surfacing or in another way; c) from a varietal or strip (on the edge) steel with a lumen of no more than 30x30 mm.

The use of smooth sites and steps of stairs, as well as the execution of them from the rod (round) steel is prohibited. The playgrounds and the steps of stairs in boiler houses of semi-open and open types should be made of a sparkular sheet, varietal or strip steel.

3. Stairs must have a width of at least 600 mm, the height between the steps is not more than 200 mm, the width of the steps of at least 80 mm and every 3-4 m in height - the site. The stairs with a height of more than 1.5 m should have an angle of inclination to horizontally not more than 50 ° C. To maintain the tanks of deaerators and other equipment that does not require frequent observation, as well as to access hatches and lazes and for short stairs, the height of no more than 1.5 m is allowed to the device of stairs with an inclination angle to horizontally not more than 75 °. Stairs with a height of no more than 3 m, intended for use during the repair of the boiler, can be vertical.

4. The width of the free passage of platforms for maintenance of fittings, instrumentation, etc., must be at least 800 mm, the remaining sites are at least 600 mm. A free height over the passage sites and stairs should be at least 2 m.

5. The distance vertically from the site for servicing water appliances to the middle of the waterproof glass should be at least 1 m and not more than 1.5 m. In exceptional cases, when the design of the boiler cannot withstand the dimensions, the specified distance can be taken from 0, 6 to 2 m.

6. In cases where the distance from the working platform of the driver (Kochghar) to the upper platform of boilers exceeds 20 m, a cargo-passenger elevator must be installed.

Fuel supplied and slag-gold

1. For boilers with steam-capacity 2 t / h and above, working on solid fuel, the supply of fuel into the boiler room and the boiler firebox must be mechanized, and for boilers with a common slag and ash output from all boilers in the amount of 200 kg / h or more (regardless of The productivity of boilers) should be mechanized the removal of ash and slag.

2. When equipped with mechanized gold, mechanisms are allowed to place mechanisms below the level of the territory directly adjacent to the building of the boiler room, in non-recovery channels and recesses, subject to access security for inspection and repair of these mechanisms. When the device is a passing corridor for a periodic inspection and repair of the zerolation mechanisms, it must have dimensions in height to the lower parts of the protruding structures of at least 1.9 m and the width of at least 1 m. The corridor must have two exits outside.

3. When manually ascending, the slag bunker and to remove ash should be equipped with devices for filling with water ash and slag in bunkers or trolleys. In the latter case, insulated cameras should be arranged under the bunker to install the trolleys before the ashes and slag in them. Cameras must have tightly closing doors with glazed glazed glazed and equipped with ventilation and lighting. The bunker bar and the slag fill must be made beyond the camera to the safe place. The lower parts of the ash bunkers with a manual disbuild: in trolleys should be at such a distance from the floor level, so that under the shutter of the bunker, the height of the passage was at least 1.9 m from the floor; With a mechanized disbuild, this distance should be 0.5 m greater than the height of the trolley. The width of the kil-premises should be no less width of the trolley, increased by 0.7 m on each side. A decrease in width is allowed only in drives between the columns of the foundation of the boilers.

4. If the ash and slag are fused from the furnace to the workplace, the exhaust ventilation should be arranged in the boiler room above the place of the bred and fill the focal residues.

5. With mining furnaces with manual loading for wood fuel or peat, loading hoppers with a lid and a folding bottom should be arranged.

6. When burning liquid fuel, a rope of fuel flowing from nozzles should be provided, eliminating the possibility of entering it to the floor boiler room.

7. On liquid fuel pipelines, lock valves must be installed to be able to stop supplying fuel to boilers.

8. Gas equipment of boiler houses should not make it difficult to maintain boilers; All locking devices and measuring instruments must be convenient for maintenance.

9. The transfer of liquefied gas burning boilers in operated boiler rooms is not allowed, the floor level is below the level of the territory adjacent to the boiler room.

General requirements

1. The administration of the enterprise should provide the content of boilers, steamers and economizers in good condition, as well as to ensure the safe conditions of their work on the organization of repair and supervision in full compliance with the requirements of these Rules.

2. The administration of the enterprise is obliged to appoint the necessary number of engineering and technical workers in the boiler room. Responsible for the safe operation of boilers, steamers and economizers - the head (head) of the boiler room. In the absence of the head of the head of the head, the responsibility for the safety of boilers, superheater and economic economizers should be assigned to one of the engineering and technical workers who have experience in the operation of boilers, steamers and economizers and testing knowledge in the prescribed manner.

3. Engineering and technical workers who are directly related to the operation of boilers, steamers and economizers should be checked by the knowledge of these Rules before appointing and periodically, at least once every three years, in the enterprise commission, and in the absence of relevant specialists in the enterprise - Commission of a higher organization.

4. Persons not under the age of 18, who have passed a medical examination, trained in the relevant program and having a qualification commission for the right to maintain the boiler can be made to the boiler service. Programs for training personnel serving boilers should be drawn up on the basis of typical programs approved in the manner established by the State Committee of the USSR Council of Ministers on Vocational Education. Training and certification of staff serving boilers of power plants to which the rules for the technical operation of electrical stations and networks are subject to, should be made in the manner prescribed by these rules.

5. Certification of machinists (Kochegarov) Boilers and waterproofs should be carried out in permanent qualification commissions organized with specialized vocational schools, educational combines and other educational institutions. Certification is also allowed at enterprises and organizations with the necessary conditions and specialists in coordination with local government governors. The participation of the representative of the local government of the Gosgortkhnadzor in the work of the qualifying commissions on the certification of machinists (stamps) boilers and waterproofs is required. About the day of examinations The local government of the Gosgortkhnadzor must be notified no later than 10 days.

6. Re-checking knowledge of the serving staff of the boiler house should be carried out periodically, at least once every 12 months, as well as when switching to another enterprise and in cases of transfers to maintaining the boilers of another type or transferring boilers from solid fuel to liquid in commissions directly in enterprises or In organizations without the participation of the Kotlonadzor inspector. When transferring personnel to serving gaseous fuel boilers, checking its knowledge should be made in the manner prescribed by safety rules in the gas farm

7. The results of examinations and periodic testing of the knowledge of the service personnel should issue a protocol signed by the Chairman of the Commission and its members and indicate in a special journal. Persons withstanding exams are issued certificates signed by the Chairman of the Commission and the Kotlonadzor inspector.

Requirements for servicing boilers

1. It is forbidden to entrust the machine (Kochgar) of the boiler and water treatment, which is on duty, performing any other duties during the operation of the boiler not provided for by the instruction.

2. It is forbidden to leave the boiler without constant surveillance from the service personnel to the cessation of burning, removal of fuel from the furnace and a complete pressure reduction in it to atmospheric, with the exception of boilers that do not have brickwork, in which the pressure reduction to zero after removing the fuel from the furnace is not necessary, If the boiler room will be closed on the castle.

3. The operation of the boiler in the chamber burning of fuel can be allowed without a permanent supervision of the machine driver (Kochgar) if there is automation at the boiler that ensures the maintenance of the normal mode of its operation from the control and control panel, as well as stopping the boiler in disabilities of the operation mode that can cause damage to the boiler, with simultaneous Alarm about it on the control panel. It should be possible to stop the boiler at any time from the control panel.

4. The operation of drum boilers, in which the water level in the drums is at an altitude of more than 6 m from the boiler service site, without waterproof, subject to the fulfillment of the requirements provided by paragraph 4 ("water level pointers"). At the same time, one of the remote pointers should be with the registering device.

5. The administration of the enterprise based on the "typical instruction for boiler room personnel", taking into account the characteristics of this boiler installation, the production instructions for the staff of the boiler room should be developed and approved in the prescribed manner. The production instruction should be posted in a prominent place in the boiler room and issued by the service personnel. In boiler power plants, which are distributed "Rules for the technical operation of electric stations and networks", the instructions may not be hung. For the elements of the boiler with a temperature of steam overheating of 450 ° C and above, in addition, there must be an instruction for observation of creep and structural changes in the metal.

6. In the boiler room there should be a clock, a phone or sound alarm for a challenge in emergency cases of representatives of the enterprise and communication of the boiler room with a pair of consumption of steam, and the boiler-utilizer is also for communication with the installation site of the heat source.

7. The boiler room should not be allowed by persons who are not related to the operation of boilers and equipment of the boiler room, unauthorized persons can be allowed in the boiler room only with the consolation of the administration and accompanied by its representative. It is forbidden to store any materials and objects in boiler house. Boiler room should be kept clean.

8. In the boiler room there should be a replaceable magazine established by the administration of the form for records of the results of checking boilers and boiler equipment, water appliances, indicators of limit water levels, pressure gauges, safety valves, nutrients, automation equipment, time and duration of boiler purge, as well as other data on the instructions of the administration . The delivery and reception of boilers, steamers, economizers and auxiliary equipment should be issued in this journal in signatures of persons responsible for shifts. The replacement journal also records the orders of the head of the boiler room or a person, replacing it, about the extract or stopping the boiler (except for emergency stop cases). The log entries should be checked every day the employee responsible for the safe operation of the boilers, with the part of the journal.

9. When working in the boiler and shelters for portable electrical displacement, voltage is not higher than 12 V; Apply kerosene and other lamps with flammable materials are prohibited.

Checking safety devices, measuring instruments, reinforcements and nutritional pumps

1. Checking the pressure gauges with their sealing (brand) should be made at least once every 12 months in the manner prescribed by the Rules of the Committee of Standards, Mens and Measuring Devices of the USSR. In addition, at least once every six months, an enterprise should be checked by working pressure gauges by a control pressure gauge or a proven working manometer that have the same with a valid pressure gauge and the accuracy class, with the results of the results in the control check log. Checking the health of the pressure gauge using three-way cranes or the replacement of their locking valves should be made at least once in shift. Checking the health of pressure gauges on boilers, steam-controllers and economizers with a working pressure pressure of 100 kgf / cm2 and above thermal electric stations can be made in the time limits provided for by the instruction of the Ministry of Energy and Electrification of the USSR.

2. Verification of water appliances to purge should be made in boilers with a working pressure of up to 24 kgf / cm2 inclusively at least once in shift, in boilers with a working pressure of 24 to 39 kgf / cm2 inclusive, at least once a day, and at boilers with operating pressure Over 39 kgf / cm2 in terms established by manufacturing instructions. Record of readings of reduced water level pointers with water-compliant direct action should be made at least once in shift.

3. Checking the health of safety valves by purging should be made at each start of the boiler, the steamer and the economizer to work, as well as during the period of their work on the following dates: boilers, steam steampers and economizers with pressure up to 24 kgf / cm2 inclusive check of each valve is not less than one times a day, with a pressure of from 24 to 39 kgf / cm2 inclusive, alternately is checked by one valve of each boiler, the steamer and the economizer - at least once a day, with a pressure above 39 kgf / cm2 (including safety valves of intermediate steamers) - Dates established by the instructions of the Ministry of Energy and Electrification of the USSR. Checking the good effect of safety valves of boilers, steam steampers and economizers with pressure of more than 24 kgf / cm2 is made in the presence of a person responsible for shift.

4. The health of all nutritional pumps or injectors should be checked by short-term start-up of each of them: at boilers with a working pressure of up to 24 kgf / cm2 - at least once in shift, in boilers with a working pressure of over 24 kgf / cm2 - in the time limits set by manufacturing instructions.

Emergency stopping boilers

1. The boiler must be immediately stopped in cases stipulated by the production instruction, and in particular: a) if more than 50% of the safety valves or other substitution devices will be opened; b) if the pressure rose above permitted by more than 10% and continues to grow, despite the cessation of fuel supply, reduction of thrust and blasting and reinforced power boiler with water; c) when weaning water; boiler feeding with water is categorically prohibited; d) if the water level is quickly reduced, despite the enhanced nutrition of the boiler with water; e) if the water level has risen above the upper visible edge and the waterproofing device (the twist) and the blowing of the boiler fails to reduce it; e) with the termination of all nutrients; g) with the termination of all water appliances; h) If in the main elements of the boiler (drum, collector, chamber, heat pipe, firebox, casing, pipe lattice, external separator, steam lines), cracks, omens, passes in their welds, breaks of two and more connections nearby ; and) in gas fuel boilers, in addition, in cases stipulated by the rules and safety instructions in the gas economy; k) in the explosion of gases in risks, cessation of electricity supply with artificial traction, as well as during damage to the elements of the boiler and its irrigation, creating a danger to the service personnel or the threat of the destruction of the boiler; l) when a fire occurs in boiler room or sunbathing, fuel and particles of fuel in gas tanks, threatening service personnel or a boiler.

2. Possible causes and order of emergency stopping boiler must be specified in the production instruction. Causes of the emergency stopping boiler must be recorded in a shift journal.

Repair of boilers, steamers and economizers

1. The administration of the enterprise (organization) should ensure timely repair of boilers, superheater and economizers according to the approved schedule of planning and preventive repair. Repairs must be carried out on the specifications and in accordance with the requirements of these Rules.

2. In each boiler room, there must be a repair journal, which, signed by the head of the boiler room or the person responsible for the safe action of the boiler, should be made information about the repair work that does not cause the need for early examination, and about stopping boilers for cleaning or flushing. Replacing pipes, rivets and fading pipe connections with drums and cameras should be marked on the layout of the pipeline (rivets) in the repair log. The repair journal also reflects the results of the inspection of the boiler before cleaning indicating the thickness of the screaming of the scale and the sludge and all defects identified during the repair period.

3. Information on the repair work, causing the need for early examination of boilers, steamers and economizers, as well as data on materials and welding applied during repair, and information about the welder should be included in the boiler passport.

4. Before the production of any work inside the drum of the chamber or a collector of the boiler, connected to other working boilers with common pipelines (steps, nutrient, drainage and dental lines, etc.), as well as in front of the inspection or repair of elements under pressure, when The presence of hazards of the burn of people with steam or water boiler should be separated from all pipelines with plugs or disconnected; Disconnected pipelines must also be muffled. It is allowed to disconnect boilers with a pressure above 39 kgf / cm2 by two locking organs with a drainage device between them with a diameter of a conditional passage of at least 32 mm, which has a direct connection to the atmosphere. In this case, the drives of the valves, as well as open drainage valves, should be locked on the lock so that the possibility of weakening their density during the locked lock is excluded. The key from the castle should be stored at the head of the boiler room. When gas heating, the boiler must be reliably disassembled with a common gas pipeline in accordance with the instruction of the boiler maintenance company.

5. Applied to shut down the boiler plugs, installed between pipelines flanges, must be appropriate and to have a protruding part (shank), according to which the presence of the supplied plug is determined. When installing pads between the flanges and the plug, they should be without shanks.

6. The admission of people inside the boiler and the opening of the shut-off reinforcement after removing people from the boiler should be made at a temperature not over 60 ° C only by written permission (alongside tolerance) of the head of the boiler room, issued in each individual case after carrying out the appropriate check.

7. The work of people in the risks can be carried out at a temperature not over 60 ° C. only after the place of work is ventilated and securely protected from the penetration of gases and dust from working boilers with closing and sealing dampers with constipation of them on the lock or the setting of temporary brick walls. The time of staying people in the furnace (gas duct) at a temperature of 50-60 ° should not exceed 20 minutes. When working on a gaseous or dusty fuel, the boiler should be, in addition, is reliably separated from the total gas pipeline or dypiper in accordance with the production instructions.

8. On the valves, valves and valves when disabled the relevant sections of the pipeline, steam lines, gas pipelines and gas ducts, as well as on launchers of smoke, blowing fans and fuel feeders, people must be posted, people work ", while the launchers of the smoke, blowing Fans and fuel feeders must be removed fissure inserts.

Registration, Examination and Permission for Operation

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1. Boilers, independent steam plasters, individual and group economizers before starting to work must be registered in local gosgortecadzor organs. Registration in Gosgortkhnadzor organs are not subject to boilers, in which: (T - 100) V<= 5, где t - температура насыщенного пара при рабочем давлении, °С; V - водяной объем котла, м3.

2. Registration of the boiler, the steamer and economicizer is made on the basis of a written statement, the administration of the enterprise - the owner of the boiler or the organization renting them, with the submission of the following documents:

a) the passport of the established form with the appearance of the drawings of the actual execution of the filling device; b) Act on the health of the boiler, if he arrived from the manufacturer's factory in the assembled form (or rearranged from one place to another); c) certificate of quality of installation with an indication of the draft changes in the project; d) drawings of the room boiler room (plan, longitudinal and transverse cuts); e) certificates of compliance with the project project; e) certificates about the presence and characteristics of nutrients.

The listed documents besides the passport must be signed by the head of the enterprise and intertwined together with the passport.

3. In the absence of a factory passport, it can be compiled by the enterprise - the owner of the boiler, the steamer and the economizer or the appropriate organization on the basis of the manufacturer's recorded documentation or according to the data of natural measurement, mechanical tests, chemical and metallographic studies of the metal, its main elements and testing welded compounds by non-destructive methods of flaw detection In accordance with the requirements of these Rules. The passport of the boiler, the steamer and the economizer should include the results of the material and welded quality studies, as well as the calculation of the strength, made in accordance with the requirements of this Regulation.

4. Mounting quality installation is an organization that has installed. The certificate must be signed by the head of this organization, as well as the head of the enterprise, which is the owner of the boiler of the steamer and economizer, and fastened the seal. The certificate must contain the following data: the name of the assembly organization; Enterprises - owner of the boiler, steamer and economizer; Plant manufacturer of boiler, superheater and economizer and their factory numbers; information about the materials applied by the assembly organization in addition to the data specified in the passports; about welding, including the type of welding, type and brand of electrodes, the names of the welders and their identity numbers, the test results of the test joints (samples); Information about checking the tube flow system and the flushing of the boiler, the steamer and the economizer; About stylish elements of a boiler, a steam-controller, operating at a wall temperature above 450 ° C; General conclusion on the compliance of production assembly works by this Regulation, Project, Technical Conditions and Installation Instructions for Boiler, Steamer and Economizer and Suitability of them to use when parameters specified in the passport.

5. Boilers, steamers and economizers after dismantling and installation in a new place must be registered again.

6. The boilers of energy trains after arrival at a new place of work should be registered in the local government of the Gosgortkhnadzor.

7. According to the documentation of the requirements of this Rules, the local government of the Gosgortkhnadzor is registering the boiler, the steamer and the economizer with the assignment of registration numbers and returns the passport to the owner of the boiler.

8. The answer to the application for the registration of the boiler, the steamer and the economizer should be given by the supervisory authority no later than five days from the date of receipt of the documents. In case of refusal to register the boiler, it must be reported on this in writing, indicating the reasons for refusal with reference to the relevant articles of the rules.

9. On each boiler and group, the economizer should be attached to a format of at least 300x200 mm in a prominent place with the following data: a) of the registration number; b) allowed working pressure; c) dates (year, month) of the next internal inspection and hydraulic test.

Technical examination

1. Each boiler, the steamer, the economizer must be subject to technical survey before starting to work, periodically during operation and in the necessary cases early. The survey of steps and economizers that make up the boiler one unit is made simultaneously with the boiler.

2. The administration of the enterprise is obliged to prepare and present a boiler, a stereogenerator and an economizer to survey in the periods specified in the passport and provide technical means necessary for examination.

3. On the bottom of the readiness of the boiler, the steamer and economicizer to the primary, periodic or early examination, the enterprise administration no later than 10 days is obliged to notify the Kotlonadzor inspector.

4. In case of the impossibility of directions and arrival at the enterprise of the Kotlonadzor inspector to examine the boiler, steamer, economicizer within the prescribed period, the administration of the enterprise - the owner of the boiler can be examined only to resolve the local government of the Gosgortkhnadzor under its responsibility. For this, by order of the head of the enterprise, a commission of competent engineering and technical workers should be established. The boiler allowed by the Commission to work is subject to compulsory inspection by the Cottalonadzor inspector to the term appointed by the Commission, but no later than 12 months later.

5. The technical examination of the boiler, the steamer, the economizer should be made by the Cottalonadzor inspector in the presence of the head (head) of the boiler room or the person responsible for the safe action of the boiler, the steamer and the economizer.

6. The technical inspection of the boiler, the steamer and the economizer consists of an internal inspection and hydraulic test.

7. Internal examination is aimed at: a) with a primary survey, it is established that the boiler, the steamer and the economizer are built, installed and equipped in accordance with these Rules and submitted during the registration of documents, as well as the boiler and its elements are in good condition; b) With periodic and early surveys to establish the health of the boiler and its elements and the reliability of its further safe operation.

8. At the internal inspection of the boiler and its elements, attention should be drawn to the identification of possible cracks, supervisors, bending, revealed and corrosion on the inner and outer surfaces of the walls, density disenasses and strength of welded, rivet and rolling compounds, as well as damage to the irrigation, which can cause hazard overheating Metal elements of the boiler.

9. The hydraulic test is aimed at checking the strength of the elements of the boiler, the steamer and the economizer and the density of their compounds. The magnitude of the test hydraulic pressure in this directory is not given. In the hydraulic test, certain requirements of paragraph 4. The boiler, the steamer and the economizer should be placed on the hydraulic test with the reinforcement installed on them.

10. Primary technical inspection of newly installed boilers, steam-steerlers, economizers are made by the calellum inspector after their installation and registration. Boilers to be squeezed can be examined by the Cottle Joine inspector before registration.

11. Boilers, which were subjected to internal examination and hydraulic test at the factory and arrived at the place of installation in the assembled form, as well as boilers not registered in the supervision bodies, are subject to primary technical examination at the installation site by the person responsible for the safety of the operation of boilers, steamers and economizers. .

12. The boilers recorded in the local government gorutochnadzor bodies that were not subjected to internal inspection and hydraulic tests based on the plant at the factory, as well as boilers, the installation of which was made using welding, rolling or riveting of their elements, are subject to primary technical examination by the Cotton Jewel inspector.

13. The periodic technical examination of the boilers registered in the local organs of the supervision of boilers, steamers and economizers in operation is made by the Cotele Joine inspector on the following dates:

a) an internal inspection - at least once every four years; b) Hydraulic test - at least once every eight years. In front of the hydraulic test, an internal inspection must be performed.

14. The administration of the enterprise is obliged to independently perform the examination of boilers, steam steampers and economizers in the following cases: a) an internal inspection - after each cleaning of the internal surfaces or repair of elements, but not less and less than 12 months; This inspection is allowed to combine with an internal inspection conducted by the Cottal Monasterator inspector, provided that the gap between the terms of the inspection does not exceed three months; In thermal electric stations, there is allowed internal inspections of boiler aggregates during their overhaul, but at least once every three years; b) an internal inspection - immediately before presenting a boiler to surpasses the inspector of the boiler judgment; c) Hydraulic test pressure - every time after cleaning the internal surfaces or repair of the elements of the boiler, steamer and economizer, if the nature and volume of repair do not cause the need for early examination.

15. Periodic examination of boilers that are not subject to registration in local gosgortecadzor organs is carried out by the person responsible for the safe operation of boilers, steamers and economizers.

16. The day of examination of the boiler, the steamer and the economizer is established by the enterprise administration, while the boiler must be stopped no later than the period specified in the passport.

17. The local authority of the Gosgortkhnadzor is provided with the right to extend the established deadlines for the examination of the boilers to three months on the informed written petition of the enterprise administration with the presentation of data confirming the satisfactory state of the boiler, and with the positive results of the inspection of the boiler in working condition, the Cottalonadzor inspector.

18. Before the internal inspection and hydraulic test of the boiler, the steamer and the economizer must be cooled and carefully cleaned from scale, soot and ash. Internal devices in the drum must be removed if they interfere with the inspection. If in question in good condition of the walls or seams, the person who conducts an examination, has the right to demand opening or removing insulation fully or partially, and when conducting an internal inspection of the boiler with smokery pipes - full or partial pipe removal. With the examination of the direct flow boilers, as well as other systems with internal inspection with pipe beams in the necessary cases, it should be required to cut samples from the pipes of heating surfaces in order to monitor the state of their inner surface.

19. The early technical examination of the boiler, the steamer or the economizer should be carried out in the following cases: a) the boiler was inaction of more than one year; b) the boiler was dismantled and re-installed; c) replaced at least part of the sheet or welding the elements of the boiler, except for the welding of single fittings, pipes and plugs; d) replacing the released and dents of the main elements of the boiler; e) over 25% of the total rivets in any seam; e) more than 15% of the connections of any wall change; g) after replacing the screen of the screen, superheater or economizer; h) replaced at the same time more than 50% of the total number of screen and boiling pipes or 100% overheating, economizer, smokery pipes; and) according to the condition of the boiler, the administration of the enterprise or the Cotelet inspector considers it necessary such an examination.

20. The early examination of boilers registered in the local government bodies of the Gosgortkhnadzor is carried out by the Cottalonadzor inspector, and boilers, not subject to registration, is a person responsible for the safe operation of boilers, steamers and economizers.

21. If, with the technical examination of the boiler, the steamer and the economizer will not be detected defects that reduce their strength, they are allowed to operate at nominal parameters until another survey.

22. When identifying defects, in which only temporary operation of the boiler, a steamer and an economizer is possible, a person who has made an examination may allow the work of the boiler with a shorter period of the next survey.

23. If, when the boiler surveys, the steamer and the economizer will be detected defects, reduce the strength of its elements (wall thinning, bond wear, etc.), then until the replacement of defective elements, the further operation of the boiler can be resolved under reduced parameters (pressure and temperature). The ability to operate the boiler during reduced parameters must be confirmed by the calculation of the strength represented by the enterprise administration.

24. If, when examining a boiler, a steamer and an economizer, defects will be detected, the reason for which it is difficult to establish, the Kotlonadzor Inspector is given the right to demand from the Administration of Special Studies, and in the necessary cases of submission of specialized organizations or relevant specialists about the reasons for the appearance of defects, opportunities and conditions for further operation of the boiler .

25. Depending on the state of the elements of the boiler, the steamer and the economizer, in the presence of defects (captives, the bundle of metal, cracks, breaks and inflatable pipes, etc.), causing doubts about the quality or brand of metal, the inspector of the bootpan is given the right to make a requirement to conduct a mechanical Tests of metallographic research and chemical analysis. In these cases, the cat's passport should indicate the reasons why metal testing is required, as well as places from which samples should be taken.

26. If, when examined by the boiler, mechanical tests of metal drums or other basic elements of the boiler and the results obtained for carbon steel will be lower than the values \u200b\u200bspecified in the table, the further operation of the boiler must be prohibited. The permissible values \u200b\u200bof the indicators of the mechanical properties of the metal elements of the boiler under pressure 39 kgf / cm2 and more made from carbon and doped steel are established by local government agencies in each particular case on the conclusion of the manufacturer or a specialized organization.

27. If the boiler surveys will be discovered to be discovered (flowing, traces of steaming, salting growths) in places of rolling or riveting seams, then the further operation of the boiler can be allowed only after the studies of defective compounds on the absence of intercrystalline corrosion. In case of detection of cracks, the boiler must be subjected to repair. Babe, cabinet and fading of loose connections without research are not allowed.

28. If, with the examination of the boiler, the steamer and the economizer, it turns out that it is in disrepair or has serious defects that cause doubt in its strength, the further work of the boiler must be prohibited.

29. If, when analyzing defects identified during the examination of boilers, steam-heater and economizers, it will be established that their emergence is associated with the operation of boilers in this enterprise or inherent on the boilers of this design, the person who has conducted an examination should require an extraordinary examination of all established at this enterprise Boilers, the operation was carried out at the same mode, or respectively all boilers of this design with the notification of this local government of the Gosgortkhnadzor.

30. The results of the survey and conclusion about the possibility of working the boiler, the steamer and the economizer, indicating the allowed pressure and the deadlines of the next examination, should be recorded in the potport of the boiler. With early examination, the reason must be indicated that caused the need for such examination. If additional tests and research was performed during the examination, the types and results of these tests and research should be recorded into the boiler passport, indicating the selection of samples or sections subjected to tests, as well as the reasons that caused additional tests.

31. If, as a result of the survey, the further operation of the boiler, the steamer and the economizer will be prohibited, reduced working pressure or the term of the next examination is reduced, then the corresponding motivated entry must be made in the boiler passport. An examination entry is signed by a person who made an examination. If the survey was conducted by the Commission in accordance with paragraph 4, the record is signed by all members of the Commission, and a copy of this record is sent to the local government gosgortecadzor no later than five days after the survey.

Permission for starting to work newly installed boilers

1. Each newly installed boiler, the steamer and the economizer can be paved in the work on the basis of the written order of the enterprise administration after the acceptance of the Boiler's Acceptance Commission, the steamer and the economizer from the installation organization and in the presence of the permission of the Kotlonadzor inspector.

2. Permission to operate the boiler, the steamer and the economizer is issued on the basis of the results of the primary technical examination and inspection during steam testing, in which it is checked:

a) the availability and health of the valves required by these rules, measuring instruments and safety devices; b) the health of the nutrient and compliance with their requirements of this Regulation; c) compliance of the water consumption of the boiler with the requirements of this Regulation; d) correctly connecting the boiler to the general steam pipeline, as well as the connections of nutrient and purge lines; e) the presence of certified service personnel, as well as engineering and technical workers who have been checking knowledge; e) availability of production instructions for staff of boiler house, replaceable and repair logs; g) compliance with the room with the requirements of this Regulation. The permission to operate the boiler, the steamer and the economizer to be registered in the local government of the Gosgortkhnadzor, is recorded in the Passport of the boiler, the steamer and the economizer by the Cottle Joine inspector, and not subject to registration - the person responsible for their safe operation.

Control over compliance with these rules

1. Control over compliance with these Rules is carried out by local government agencies by periodic surveys of enterprises operating boiler installations, and manufacturers in accordance with the methodological instructions, instructions and other government guidelines.

2. If the manufacturer's plant survey it will be found that in the manufacture of boilers, steam-steerlers, economic and individual elements, violations of these rules are allowed, then, depending on the nature of the violation, the timing of their elimination or is prohibited later manufacture.

3. If, when surveyed on the operation of boilers, steps and economizers, defects will be revealed in their elements or violations of rules, threatening security during further operation, and also expired for the date of the next survey or attendants are not trained, the work of the boiler, the steamer and the economizer should be Forbidden. The passport must be recorded for the prohibition with reference to the relevant articles of this Regulation.

Investigation of accidents and accidents

1. About each accident and every serious or fatal case associated with an accident or servicing boiler, steamer and economizer, the administration of the enterprise - the owner is obliged to immediately notify the local government of Gosgortkhnadzor.

2. Prior to the arrival of the representative of the State Mountainnadzor to the enterprise to investigate the circumstances and the causes of the accident or accident, the administration of the enterprise is obliged to ensure the safety of the entire situation of the accident (accident), if it is not dangerous to the lives of people and does not cause further development of the accident. The investigation of accidents and accidents should be carried out in the manner prescribed by Gosgortkhnadzor.

Final provisions

1. The need and deadlines for bringing in line with these rules of boilers, steam-heater and economizers operating, as well as manufactured or under the process of manufacture, installation or reconstruction at the time of the entry into force of these Rules are established in each individual case by the Office of the Goshgortkhnadzor district.

2. With the introduction of this Rules, the "Rules of Device and Safe Operation of Steam Boils", approved by Gosgortkhnadzor of the USSR, March 19, 1957