Wooden slats for furniture connections. Wood splicing equipment. What glue glue furniture shields

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Application and features of the technological process

The use of the combining technology of processed short-acting blanks in the manufacture of lumber with specified parameters can significantly increase the profitability of woodworking production. Industrial equipment for wood splicing is used in the complex process of creating high-quality products that are not inferior by strength elements from solid wood.

Machines are designed to connect separate parts of wood into a monolithic workpiece that does not have visible seams. Modern splicing technologies allow you to achieve the full illusion of a solid wooden array and guarantee the durable reliability of the product. The work is made using automatic or semi-automatic complexes, including machines for the execution of consecutive tasks:

Chernovaya processing. Elimination of defects in the form of resin inclusions and bitch. Alignment of lumber.
Fantasy work With the use of milling to generate dock connections to the required configuration.
Process of splicing Bruckovcomprising laying, sizing and pressing the material to the total polymerization of the adhesive composition.

After each stage, the parts are sorted in accordance with the standards of the technical task. At the end, finishing surface treatment and packaging of finished products is performed. From the lamella, obtained on a splicing machine along the length of short-acting parts, make hand-drawn products, lining, gender board, elements of input and window groups. The installations allow you to adjust the parameters of the work with the utmost accuracy and create finished products with a homogeneous texture and a painting surface.

Principle of operation of various types of equipment and methods of splicing

mattizable models of equipment for splicing in length or thickness prepared to the process of wooden elements include work nodes:

to load blanks;
spike cuts;
applying adhesive composition;
moving parts to the press;
pressing module.

Machines taking parts after processing on auxiliary installations perform a material loading with a pre-docking of parts, and alternately transmit a blank to the linen and crimping device. Adjusting the length of the spliced \u200b\u200blamellas and efforts in compressing elements are made by special mechanisms. The highest productivity in the paper shows two-channel models that allow you to perform a simultaneous set and pressing of blanks on different working lines.

Interstate standards define general requirements for adhesive joints, according to which the machine for splicing the wood must comply with the norms of specific end pressure. Depending on the load on the wooden elements during operation, wood splicing is performed using different methods that allow items to withstand longitudinal or cross compression:

oblique clock by one-sigh
a stronger compound on the technology of "oblique mustache";
direct lining with fastening.

Wood waste formed during pretreatment are used for the manufacture of pressed products. The equipment is extremely low percentage of marriage, which becomes possible only as a result of the incorrectly corrected press pressure or with an insufficient thickness of the applied glue. The correct operation settings of the machine provide an extremely accurate geometric shape of products and impeccable purity of a smooth surface.

Furniture shields gluing are carried out not only on an industrial scale. Homemade masters are resorted to such technology to make furniture, which will not yield to the structures from the oak array. Countertops from fascinated lamellas serve very long, do not block, do not deform and do not swell from moisture. Another reason for the splicing is the presence of small bars, throw it unreasonable, and nowhere to apply. The optimal option is to glue the lamellas in furniture shields.

Furniture made of natural and environmentally friendly materials with their own hands is valued and has high demand. This design material is more attractive and practical MDF and chipboard.

How to glue the furniture shield at home. Preparation for work

To get aesthetic and high-quality material, sort the bars on the following features:

the absence on the surface of the bitch and cracks;
proper geometry (small curvature can be aligned with a planer);
compliance of texture pattern and shade;
the identity of the breed - pine gluits with a pine, larch with larch.

Photo 1. Doodler shop "leathering"

Furniture shield gluing technology

How to glue furniture shield? The answer to this question depends on the scale of home production. If the work is planned to be disposable for its own needs, you can use the explosive tool available at each host.

If you want to organize a small business of making furniture, you will have to get a few machines:

planer;
grinding belt;
plane oarsal;
tape;
milling.

Note that the size of the finished product is slightly smaller than billets. Take a break on the finishing of the ends. The width of the spliced \u200b\u200blamellae must be no more than 15 cm. Only with such sizes can be achieved in the absence of internal stress of wood.

Photo 2. Fingering furniture shield from larch

For furniture, the optimal thickness of the panels is 20 mm. However, according to the rules of gluing, furniture shields need to choose a billet with a thickness of 25 mm. Excess 5 mm are removed for 2 receptions. Even before the splicing, 3 mm is removed, the remaining 2 mm go in the process of final processing.

What glue glue furniture shields

Basically, the furniture shields glue D-1 glue. This glue is made with different degrees of water resistance.

The water resistance groups in the international classification of several, the domestic industry uses four:

low;
two averages - a and b;
high.

However, any adhesive for wood suitable at home. Do not want to use PVA, take the adhesive composition of the "carpentry".

Photo 3. Thin furniture shield from pine

How to glue the furniture shield correctly. Local location options

Long lamellas are spliced \u200b\u200bonly in width. If you work with small bars, their location should be carried out in a checker order. In this case, the glue lubricates and long and short end parts.

With a two-layer glue, the bars of the first row relative to the bruhes of the second row are perpendicularly. Such shields have special strength and durability. More raw blanks are placed under the press, where they must be fully drying the glue. Next should be careful grinding on special equipment and chamfering on the milling machine. After finishing joint, the joints disappear, the shields are ready for sawing on the details.

Photo 4. Furniture shield from larch

How to glue two furniture shields with each other

The need to connect two panels in one occurs in the manufacture of non-standard width products. 600 mm is the maximum standard of sheets, so in all online stores of a greater width you will not find. How to glue furniture shields to get one big tile plates? This issue customers often ask the technologists of the company "Lesobirja".

Photo 5. Shield furniture from pine for furniture production

You can connect two plates with the grooves and mortgage rails. In contacting ends, it is necessary to cut longitudinal furrows with a narrow cutter and put a rail, lubricated with glue. The ends of the panels also need to be thick with adhesive makeup. There are several effective methods for gluing wooden panels. However, the professional carpenter will cope with the task.

Wood splicing in length is increasingly used for the manufacture of large parts of the tree. This allows you to significantly save raw materials. In addition to saving materials, this method also allows you to improve the consumer quality of wood - it is less prone to deformities. The use of high-quality adhesive makes it possible to glue pieces of wood without visible seams, which creates the illusion of a solid timber or board.

The connection of parts in length is called a splicing. Choose a way to splicing the board depending on where the parts made from it will be applied. For example, in the manufacture of a plinth, which does not carry any load, the board is spliced \u200b\u200bon the mustache: the ends of the connectable boards are trimmed at an angle of 45 degrees and combined with glue. There are several ways to splicing:

a - stepped; b - on the mustache with blunting; B - stepped with a protrusion; r - stepped on the mustache with blunting; d - stepped with a protrusion and wedges; e - stepped on the mustache with bleaching and wedges; Well - right.

For products that will experience serious loads during operation, splicing spitting (wedge-shaped or gear). At the same time, due to an increase in the area of \u200b\u200bthe glued parts, the connection receives increased strength, the tree is economically used.

All defects on short cuts of spliced \u200b\u200bboards are deleted - this is obtained by draft blanks for splicing. Next, they are connected to the lamellas of the desired length using the connection to the microchip. Cutting microchips is made using special cutters on nipsene aggregates. As a result, a compound is obtained, which has the ability to self-block under the action of the press with the preservation of the resulting effect. The process is undergoing control of GOST 6449, 1 - 82 "Wood products and wood materials. Fields of tolerances for linear sizes and landing. "

With the help of longitudinal splicing technology from second-rate raw materials, the blanks of the desired length and high quality are obtained. For longitudinal splicing, automatic or semi-automatic lines are used, the most famous of them are as follows: Dimter, Paul, Irion, Reinhardt, Grecon, Ledinek. At the same time, the following requirements must be followed:

When splitting blanks, it is impossible to allow the interval between the cutting of spikes and actually the splicing process, exceeded one day.
Finished slapped with the help of lamella microbes should not have gaps and cracks. Such defects as noticeable flaws on the planed side in the form of various holes and gaps indicate the presence of marriage in the work.
The room intended for work on the splicing should ensure the presence of a positive air temperature, not less than 16 degrees.
The humidity of the billers can differ no more than 3%.
The humidity of the finished slave depends on which requirements are presented by the consumer, but should fit into parameters 6-14%.
According to GOST 10414-90 "Wood glued massive. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR CULT CLEAN CONNECTIONS »Faceproof pressure during conifer and soft hardwood - 8.0 MPa, solid wood - 10 MPa.
The glue is applied by a special device, and the thickness of the layer should not exceed 0.1 mm. In the connection, the adhesive coating should take more than 0.8 from the depth of spike.
It is permissible to use glue, which corresponds to international standards DIN EN204 "Advanced thermoplastic glues for wood."
The product should be pressed no later than 2 minutes after the application of glue.
For a durable compound, pressing should last at least 5-6 seconds.
According to GOST 24700-99, the procedure of buildings and structures. Window wooden blocks with double-glazed windows. Technical conditions »The strength of the compound must be from 26 MPS and higher.
It is necessary to clean the product from excess glue.
Before the subsequent stage of treatment, the product must be withstanding at least a day (better than two days) indoors with a temperature of 15 degrees. This will allow glue to polymerize, and moisture in the wood during this time will be able to evenly distribute.

Main types Defects

A high-quality compound provides fascinated lamellast strength of the source tree and should not be strongly noticeable. In case of violation of the technology or inattention operator, the following defects may be present in the finished product obtained from the splicing line:

Defect	The cause of the occurrence
Between spikes remains empty space	Insufficient pressing, or uneven application of adhesive composition
The resulting product does not have the necessary strength	The spikes received less than the required quantity of resin (glue)
Stepping - stepped surface of the finished part	Unchangeed blanks (different thickness) are served on the splicing. The resulting product is rejected and used in further processing
Printedness - lamellae have a plane with a slope - the final product may have a form of propeller.	The poor-quality billet is derived from the use of parts with conical planes or when the machine is incorrectly setting up, when the straight angle is not settled between the plane of the cutting tool and the edge of the blanks. The permissible deviations per meter of the workpiece in length are 3 mm, in width - 2 mm. Such products are also subjected to recyclable
At the finished parts there may be areas with damped fibers of wood in thickening connections.	Formed when working stupid tools or violation of technology. Products with pulled fibers are also rejected. The defective products sprout re-achieving a quality product.

All fascinated billets should be closed for two or three days so that the glue uses has managed to polymerize and acquire performance. After exposure, the workpiece is purged and obtained from it completely ready for use products. The range of finished products may include painted sex racks, platbands, plinth, glued bar or glue shields.

The use of automatic and semi-automatic splicing lines allows you to find the use of low or non-dissimilar wood and significantly expand the range of products.

Selection of splicing scheme depending on the load on the finished product

If the product is exposed only to compression, it is sufficient to apply the easiest form of splicing, connecting the details of the folding (oblique or straight cuts). To increase the resistance of the product during lateral loads, the connection of the type of overhead lock is used. This makes a lining with the use of beveled ends or with an end spike.

For products designed for tensile loads, compounds of an overhead lock (gear or simple) are used. For its execution on the billets connected, cuts and protrusions are cut. The circuit of the toothed overhead lock allows you to achieve a high compound strength that maintains compressive, tensile and side loads.

Compound "Double Frying" is a straight lining with a spike called a swallow tail. Shows high strength at different loads - side offsets, stretching and compression.

The scheme of the connection of the "sliding lock" in the form of a pad with a bevelled focus is able to give the strength of the product exposed to stretching and transverse loads.

There is a diagram at which it seeks increased stiffness of the design of overhead locks, driven additional wedges between the protrusions. Call such locks tensioned. Make them either detachable or glue. The detachable tension locks should proliferate or paint, which will help protect the castle from moisture.

Selection of raw materials to obtain glued sawn timber

The quality of final products is directly related to the quality of raw materials. Despite the fact that glued wood implies the use of non-consistent waste, for greater release of quality products, there is still a criteria for selection of raw materials. You can glue and sawdust, but then it will be completely different products. Since our task is to obtain high-quality lumber, in order to reduce the cost when choosing raw materials, it is necessary to adhere to certain norms:

Wood in which too many bitch will require too much labor in its preparation, and most of it will go away. Therefore, we take only the wood of the first and second cuts.
We select the workpiece of such a length that will give the opportunity to obtain an acceptable quality of the product. Too short trimming will increase the glue consumption and downgrade. Plus, a significant part of such raw materials in the process of manufacture will turn into a sawdust.
For processing to take wood with an allowance, the size of which excludes the formation of additional production wastes.

Proper splicing technology includes the entire production cycle. It matters everything, starting from the correctly allocated places for raw materials and semi-finished products to the amount and quality of manufactured products and the percentage of waste.

Technological Wood Splicing Process Cycles

The whole cycle includes the following steps:

Selection and sorting of the feedstock;
Dryer sawn timber selected for splicing;
Rough processing for solving raw materials;
Removal of raw materials defects;
Ending and manufacture of spikes for connections;
Sorting the resulting lamellas;
The splicing process itself is laying, sizing, pressing;
Exposure of fascinated products to complete glue polymerization;
The finishing processing of fascinated wood.

Lumber after sorting and drying to humidity 8-16% enters the workshop for the production of fascinated wood. There is a delivery in wood packs with gaskets and without that. When delivering packets with gaskets, the need to introduce an additional operation - removal of wood with gaskets. In a specific case, it all depends on the selected technology.

The next stage is a rough processing. Need to level surfaces from all sides. The main task is to remove the irregularities that have arisen during the drying of the sawn timber from the charge. After the draft processing, small defects are allowed in the form of not high quality spaces. Next, we remove those defects that will affect the quality of the final product. We get a new, ready for further processing of the lamella.

Depending on what kind of product is supposed to be obtained at the exit, the technologist gives an indication of the nature of defects that should be cut out of blanks, or sorted to obtain cheaper materials. So, glued wood under painting may contain more defects than a high-quality glued bar or shield:

blue;
knots;
resinness;
the presence of surveys;
other types of damage.

Furious lamellas occurs in automatic or semi-automatic mode. Automatic mode assumes cutting parts according to a given program. When working in semi-automatic mode, the task of the machine operator is distributed to which pocket to send one or another lamella for the carriage.

In order to use wood to the maximum, lamellas with defects glue the technology - one side of the finished product (facial) should not contain defects, and all defects should be on the wrong side of the product. For this, it is important not to be mistaken when laying a spliced \u200b\u200bmaterial. Also arrive in the presence of obol. Low the lamellas so that all parts with the obtance are on one of the ends of the finished product.

In the workshop for each variety of lamellas should be a special place of storage.

All the resulting lamellae develops in varieties on pallets and subscribe. This approach allows you to clearly track the production process. The splicing of the lamellas is made only after the accumulation of volumes sufficient to work shift. In other cases, this is irrational, as it requires a lot of extra operations on the permutation of equipment and raw materials.

In the production of glued bar, losses inevitably occur when cutting spikes for connecting and when trimming fucked lamellas in the finished size. It is much more profitable to produce products of greater length, because at the same time the amount of waste is significantly reduced.

In the furniture industry, the lamellas are a small oval shape of the plate - have already been used. But for the home master lamella only from recently there was an alternative to spike. After all, in order to use the lamella, you need a tool cutting the appropriate grooves in the details. Now there is such a tool. This is an upgraded device for aligning the shadow seams of a wooden plating equipped with a set of replaceable cutting discs, one of which is designed specifically for cutting longitudinal grooves.

The device is designed so that it is extremely simple to use it. The cutting disc is not necessary to direct: the grooves are performed automatically. It is also important that the position of the disk can be changed and thereby adjust the depth of the grooves. All this simplifies and speeds up the process of connecting parts, especially if compared with the processing needed to fix the connection of plug-in spikes.

Another feature - the grooves can be placed almost on the eyes: the quality of the connection will not suffer, even if the lamel will "swim" in a slightly longer sinus.

If you need to connect two boards or direct angle panels - spikes (secret or through) secure the connection. The main means of such fastening of home masters served and still serve wooden rods. However, you can now put into business and lamellas.

How to cut the grooves for lamel

For selected lamellas, determine the depth of the groove and adjust the position of the cutting disk according to this. Then set the carbon so that the distance from it to the disk corresponds to half the thickness of the material being processed. Then the grooves will be strictly in the middle of the part side of the part.

When processing the ends, the coal relies on the outer surface of the part, which also facilitates the use of the device. When cutting the grooves at the outer edge, the other part of the carbon rests into its end. For the grooves on both parts exactly approach each other, you must first mark the markup.

The connection to the lamellas of the partition in the shelf or the box is also performed as simple. The only difference is when cutting a groove in the main parts, the coolen is not set: it replaces the end edge of the partition itself, which is fixed on the workbench along with the main part of the clamps.

Depending on the thickness of the material being processed and the product dimensions, the lamellas are selected for some size.

The position of the cutting disk and, accordingly, the depth of the propyl can be adjusted. If necessary, the kit is installed on top of the disk.

When cutting grooves at the outer edge, the Detail of the Cornel rests in its end.

When cutting a groove in the end, the part of the square is on top of it. The groove does not have to pass through the middle of the end.

For T-shaped connections (when, for example, a septum is installed in the box) the grooves are cut without a square, which replaces the other item. Special, thinner, discs are used to align the shadow seams of wood sheathing.