Examples of the compositions of powdered activated general purpose concrete. Dry reaction-powder concrete mixes - new types of binders for creating various types of concrete. Dry reaction-powder concrete mixes -

Relevance of the topic. Every year, the release of high-quality, highly highly high-strength concrete and this progress and this progress became an objective reality, due to significant savings of material and energy resources, increases in the global practice of concrete and reinforced concrete.

With a significant increase in concrete strength on compression, the crack resistance is inevitably reduced and the risk of fragile destruction of structures increases. The dispersed reinforcement of fiber concrete excludes these negative properties, which allows producing classes concrete above 80-100 with a strength of 150-200 MPa, which have a new quality - viscous nature of destruction.

The analysis of scientific works in the field of dispersed-reinforced concrete and their production in domestic practice shows that the basic orientation does not pursue the use of high-strength matrices in such concrete. The class of dispersed-reinforced concrete on compressive strength remains extremely low and limited to the B30-B50. It does not allow for a good adhesion of fibra with a matrix, fully use steel fiber even with low gap strength. Moreover, in theory are being developed, and in practice concrete products are produced with freely laid fibers with a degree of volume reinforcement 5-9%; Sing them under the action of vibration with non-controlled "greasy" high-pressure cement-sand solutions of the composition: cement-sand -1: 0.4 + 1: 2.0 at a / c \u003d 0.4, which is extremely wasteful and repeats the level of work 1974 . Significant scientific advances in the creation of superplastic DB, microdisperous mixtures with microcillisers, with reactionary-active powders made of high-strength rocks, allowed to bring the water degree to 60% using superplasticizers of oligomeric composition and hyperplasticizers of the polymer composition. These achievements did not become the basis for creating high-strength reinforced concrete, or fine-grained powder concrete from cast self-adventure mixtures. Meanwhile, advanced countries actively develop new generations of reaction-powder concrete, reinforced with dispersed fibers, woven pouring volumetric thin-sacket frames, combinations with a rod or rod with dispersed reinforcement.

All this determines the relevance of creating high-strength fine-grained reaction-powder, dispersed-reinforced concrete brands 1000-1500, characterized by high efficiency not only in the construction of responsible unique buildings and structures, but also for products and general design products.

The dissertation work was carried out in accordance with the programs of the Institute of Building Materials and Constructions of the Munich Technical University (Germany) and the initiative works of the Department of Tbquik Purances and the Scientific and Technical Program of the Ministry of Education of Russia "Scientific Research of Higher School on the Priority Directions of Science and Technology" on the subprogramme "Architecture and Construction" 2000-2004

The purpose and objectives of the study. The purpose of the dissertation work is to develop compositions of high-strength fine-grained reaction-powder concrete, including dispersed-reinforced concrete, using grinding rocks.

To achieve his goal, it was necessary to solve the complex of the following tasks:

Reveal theoretical prerequisites and motivation of the creation of multicomponent fine-grained powder concrete concrete with a very dense, high-strength matrix obtained by casting at ultra-low water content, providing the manufacture of concrete with a viscous character during destruction and high tensile strength during bending;

Identify the structural topology of composite binders and dispersed-reinforced fine-grained compositions, to obtain mathematical models of their structure to assess the distances between the rude particles of the filler and between the geometric centers of reinforcing fibers;

Develop a methodology for estimating the rheological properties of water-perverse systems, fine-grained powdered dispersed-reinforced compositions; explore their rheological properties;

Identify the mechanism of hardening mixed binders, study the structural processes;

Establish the necessary fluidity of multicomponent fine-grained powder concrete mixtures, providing filling forms with a low viscosity mixture and ultra-low yield strength;

Optimize the compositions of fine-grained dispersed-reinforced concrete mixtures with fiber d \u003d 0.1 mm and / \u003d 6 mm with minimal content sufficient to increase the tensile content of concrete, cooking technology and establish the effect of recipes on the fluidity, density, air conditioning them, strength and others Physico-technical properties of concrete.

Scientific novelty of work.

1. The possibility of obtaining high-strength fine cement powder concrete concrete, including dispersed-reinforced, made from concrete mixes without rubble with thin fractions of quartz sand, with reactionary rocks of rock and microcirem, with significant rocks and microcarce, with significant increases The effectiveness of superplasticizers to the content of water in a cast self-adventure mixture to 10-11% (appropriate without a semi-dry mixture for pressing) from the mass of dry components.

2. The theoretical foundations of the methods for determining the yield strength of superplasticized liquid dispersion systems were developed and methods for estimating the spreading of powder concrete mixtures with free spreading and a blocked grid fence.

3. The topological structure of composite binders and powder concrete, including dispersed-reinforced, was revealed. Mathematical models of their structure are obtained, determining the distances between rude particles and between the geometric centers of fibers in the body of concrete.

4. Theoretically predicted and experimentally proved a predominantly conductive diffusion-ion mechanism of hardening of composite cement binders, amplifying as an increase in the content of filler or a significant increase in its dispersion compared to the dispersion of cement.

5. The processes of structure formation of fine-grained powder concrete are studied. It is shown that powder concrete from superplastic cast self-adverse concrete mixtures is much more densely, the kinetics of the increase in their strength is more intense, and the regulatory strength is significantly higher than concrete without joint ventures compressable with the same water content under pressure of 40-50 MPa. Criteria for estimating the reaction-chemical activity of powders has been developed.

6. Optimized compositions of fine-grained dispersed-reinforced concrete mixtures with thin steel fiber diameter 0.15 and 6 mm long, the technology of their preparation, the ingrediency of the introduction of components and the duration of mixing; The effect of the composition on the fluidity of the density, air-containing concrete mixtures, strength in compression of concrete is established.

7. Some physico-technical properties of dispersed-reinforced powder concrete and basic patterns of influence on them of various recipe factors have been studied.

The practical significance of the work is to develop new cast fine-grained powder concrete mixtures with fiber for filling forms for products and structures, both without and with a combined rod reinforcement or without fiber for filling forms with ready-made volumetric thin-sacket frames. Using highly cute concrete mixtures, it is possible to produce high-respected bends or compressed reinforced concrete structures with a viscous nature of destruction under the action of limit loads.

It obtained a high-density, high-strength compression matrix with a strength of 120-150 MPa to increase the adhesion with a metal for the purpose of using thin and short high-strength fibra 0.040,15 mm and a length of 6-9 mm, which allows it to reduce its consumption and resistance to the flow of concrete mixes for injection molding Technologies for the manufacture of thin-walled filigree products with high tensile strength when bending.

New types of fine-grained powder dispersed-reinforced concrete expand the nomenclature of high-strength products and structures for various types of construction.

The raw material base of natural fillers is expanded from stone-timing fillers, dry and wet magnetic separation during mining and enrichment of ore and non-metallic minerals.

The economic efficiency of the developed concrete consists in a significant decrease in consideration of consideration by reducing the costs of concrete mixtures for the manufacture of high-strength products and structures.

Implementation of research results. The developed compounds were a production testing in the Penza Zbbi Plant LLC and at the production base of the precast concrete CJSC Energoservis and are used in Munich in the manufacture of balcony supports, plates and other products in housing construction.

Approbation of work. The main provisions and the results of the dissertation work were presented and reported at the International and All-Russian Scientific and Technical Conferences: "Young Science - New Millennium" (Naberezhnye Chelny, 1996), "Issues of Planning and Building Cities" (Penza, 1996, 1997, 1999 d), "Modern Problems of Building Materials" (Penza, 1998), "Modern Construction" (1998), international scientific and technical conferences "Composite building materials. Theory and Practice ", (Penza, 2002,

2003, 2004, 2005), "Resource and Energy Saving as Motivation of Creativity in Architectural Construction Process" (Moscow-Kazan, 2003), "Actual Construction Issues" (Saransk, 2004), "New Energy and resource-saving high-tech technologies in the production of building materials "(Penza, 2005), the All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference" Urban planning, reconstruction and engineering support for the sustainable development of the cities of the Volga region "(Tolyatti, 2004), Academic readings of RAASN" Achievements, Problems and Prospective Directions development of the theory and practices of building materials science "(Kazan, 2006).

Publications. According to the results of the research performed, 27 works were published (in magazines on the list of WAK 2 work).

Structure and scope of work. The dissertation work consists of an introduction, 6 chapters, basic conclusions, applications and a list of references from 160 items, is set out on 175 pages of machine-visiting text, contains 64 drawings, 33 tables.

1. An analysis of the composition and properties of dispersed-reinforced concrete produced in Russia indicates that they do not fully meet technical and economic requirements due to the low strength of concrete concrete (M 400-600). In such three-four- and rarely five component concrete concrete, not only dispersed high strength reinforcement, but also normal strength.

2. Based on theoretical ideas about the possibility of achieving maximum water-based effects of superplasticizers in dispersed systems that do not contain coarse-crushed aggregates, the high reaction activity of microsillis and rock powders, jointly enhancing the rheological operation of the joint venture, the creation of a sevencomponent high-strength fine-grade reaction-powder concrete matrix for fine and Relatively short dispersed reinforcement d \u003d 0.15-0.20 μm and / \u003d 6mm, not forming "echoes" in the manufacture of concrete and little reduced PBS fluidity.

3. It is shown that the main criterion for obtaining high-pressure PBS is the high fluidity of a very dense cement mixture from cement, MK, rock powder and water provided by adding the joint venture. In this regard, a methodology for assessing the rheological properties of dispersed systems and PBS has been developed. It has been established that high fluidity of the PBS is provided with a limit shear voltage of 5-10 Pa and with a water content of 10-11% of the mass of dry components.

4. The structural topology of composite binders and dispersed-reinforced concrete and their mathematical models of the structure are given. A ion-diffusion-through-solving mechanism of hardening composite filled binders is established. Methods of calculating average distances between sand particles in PBS, fiber geometric centers in a powder concrete along various formulas and at various parameters //, /, d. The objectivity of the author's formula is shown in contrast to the traditionally used. The optimal distance and thickness of the cementing suspension layer in the PBS should be within 37-44 + 43-55 μm with the flow of sand 950-1000 kg and the fractions of its 0.1-0.5 and 0.14-0.63 mm, respectively.

5. Reyotechnology properties of dispersed-reinforced and unarmed PBS are established according to the developed methods. The optimal breaking of the PBS from the cone with dimensions d \u003d 100; d \u003d 70; H \u003d 60 mm should be 25-30 cm. Detected sprouting coefficients depending on the geometric fibra parameters and a decrease in the breakdown of the PBS when it is blocked by a grid fencing. It is shown that for pouring the PBS in shapes with volume-grid woven frames, the breaking should be at least 28-30 cm.

6. A method is developed for estimating the reaction-chemical activity of rock powders in low-cement mixtures (C: P - 1:10) in samples compressable at extrusion molding pressure. It has been established that with the same activity, estimated by strength in 28 days and in long-term hardening (1-1.5 years), preference when used in RPBS should be given to powders from high-strength breeds: basalt, diabase, docuit, quartz.

7. The processes of structure formation of powder concrete are studied. It has been established that the cast mixtures in the first 10-20 min after the pouring are isolated up to 40-50% of the air involved and require a film that prevents the formation of a dense crust. The mixtures begin to be actively seizing 7-10 hours after fill and gain strength after 1 day 30-40 MPa, through the 2nd day-50-60 MPa.

8. Formulated the main experimental and theoretical principles of the selection of concrete composition with a strength of 130-150 MPa. Quartz sand to ensure high yield strength PBS should be fine-grained fractions

0.14-0.63 or 0.1-0.5 mm with a bulk density of 1400-1500 kg / m3 at a flow rate of 950-1000 kg / m. The thickness of the suspension of cement-stone flour and MK between the grains of sand should be within 43-55 and 37-44 μm, respectively, when the water content and the joint venture, providing the breaking of mixtures of 2530 cm. The dispersion of the PC and stone flour must be approximately the same, the content MK 15-20%, the content of stone flour 40-55% of the mass of cement. When varying the content of these factors, the optimal composition is selected by the necessary breaking of the mixture and maximum compression strength indicators after 2.7 and 28 days.

9. Optimized compositions of fine-grained dispersed-reinforced concrete concrete with strength in compression of 130-150 MPa using steel fibra with reinforcement coefficient // \u003d 1%. Optimal technological parameters were revealed: stirring should be carried out in high-speed mixers of a special design, preferably vacuum; The sequence of loading components and mixing modes, "rest", strictly regulated.

10. The effect of the composition on fluidity, density, air-containing dispersed-reinforced PBS has been studied, for strength when compressing concrete. It was revealed that the spreadability of mixtures, as well as the strength of concrete, depend on a number of prescription and technological factors. When optimizing, mathematical dependence of fluidity, strength from individual, most significant factors are established.

11. Some physico-technical properties of dispersed married concrete are studied. It is shown that concrete with strength when compressing 120l

150 MPa have an elastic module (44-47) -10 MPa, the Poisson coefficient -0.31-0.34 (0.17-0.19 - in unarmed). Air shrinkage of dispersed-reinforced concrete 1.3-1.5 times lower than that of unarmed. High frost resistance, low water absorption and air shrinkage indicate the high operational properties of such concrete.

12. Production testing and technical and economic assessment indicate the need to organize production and widespread introduction into the construction of fine-grained reaction-powder dispersed-reinforced concrete.

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