Wooden overlap of attic on a gas-silicate house. The device of overlapping in a house of aerated concrete: materials used and the procedure for conducting work. Types and methods of wooden flooring

When the device is a draft floor in the house, we need to proceed from several foundation parameters.

It is depending on the type of foundation, we are installing the floor.

We put the floor alone

This only at first glance may seem a difficult moment, in reality, we have only three options for the foam block:

• On piles.
• Ribbon.
• Monolithic plate.

Moreover, with all its cardinal differences, in our case, they simply change the order of work and how to make floors in the house of foam blocks, at the time of installation of the crate. However, let's, about everything in order.

Choosing the base and materials

Determine the choice of the foundation that we will take for an example, and since it is under the foam block version of the structure that the tape and monolithic basis are most often used, we will alternately talk about the crate taking into account the design features of each foundation.

Important!
We immediately note that we will use the wood in the floor of the floor, and the conversation will go strictly about the draft version.

The first step we will have the choice of material under the draft version, and since we agreed on wood, then we will need:

• Bar. Beams 150x50. Necessarily dry, otherwise they will behave.
• Waterproofing material, you can use a simple polyethylene or rubberoid.
• Variazolation film.
• Screws on wood.

Depending on the type of base, you may need a screed, but let's talk about it later. And now let's start with the belt.

Ribbon base

The foam block does not always require a powerful base, so that the belt foundation is ideal for construction technology.

Let's consider step by step, how to make the floor in the house of foam blocks, taking into account the tape base:

• We remove all the vegetation that we have between concrete walls.
• We fall asleep layer of sand or clamzit and well all compact. We will have a kind of pillow.
• We laid on the layer of the pillow waterproofing.
• Mount the beams.

Here we will make a slight retreat.

To attach the beams to the walls of concrete, we need:

• Make markup, and hydrorem and accurately.
• Waterproofing with your own hands the surface of the concrete, you can make mastic.
• The beam "put on" anchor, in a step of 50-60 cm.

Now, when we attached the beams around the perimeter, you can begin the cheek.

Tip!
Depending on the future floor covering, we derive the level and first flooring, that is, if we still have an insulation and laminitis, we must go to the zero level at which the door will be opened normally.

Step Observe in 60 centimeters, and beams fasten with wood screws. Naturally put them on the edge.

Tip!
All wood, even though dry, and we have waterproofing, should be processed several times with an antiseptic to prevent the occurrence of mold and fungus, rotting.

You can cover the bars either by a sex board or plywood. The main thing is that we have a fairly smooth surface, which we put the vapor insulation film and further by choosing, coating. That is, the instruction further applies to another work.

Tip!
If the room is large, it will be necessary to arrange additional backups for the bar.
You can do it using brick or foam block stops.
You just need to make another markup, even at the very beginning of work, dig a holes under the backups, and pour concrete into them.
A few days later, already brick or blocks bring the backup to the desired height, waterproof and put on the surface of the bar.
Thus, you can avoid deflection.

Monolith

With a monolithic foundation, the device floor in the house of foam blocks is a much simpler process. Here we need to withdraw the draft version to the desired level, and make it smooth.

By the way, if the monolith is already smooth in itself, then for many specialists, this is the floor. And indeed, it is enough for us to cover it with waterproofing, and you can already have a coating, for example, put the tile, and even laminate.

We will look at the option in which monolith is smooth, and we proceed immediately to the crate:

• We make the markup in which we will install beams, step between them observe 60 cm.
• We prepare the surface. We carry out waterproofing. In our case, we can wrap in several layers of concrete mastic, or cover it with a polyethylene dense or rubberoid. Do it be sure!
• We process bars antiseptic.
• Install the beams.

When installing beams, we can use two simple methods:

• We put a tree onto the concrete, that is, we use the "lighthouse" principle. The beam must be fixed, and the concrete fully connects it with monolith.
• Put the beams and secure them with metal corners. One part of the corner is attached to the wood, the second to the floor on the bolts.

Not to say that the price is strongly changing, however, from the point of view of the speed, the second option is certainly more preferable.

There is another interesting version of the device of the screed in the case of a ribbon foundation, when we use the floor blocks instead of the pad from sand and clamzite. The material has excellent thermal insulation indicators, so that the rough version of it is warm and durable.

Output

The choice of wood in our case is due to its characteristics and natural origin. Foamflock itself, environmentally friendly material, so we will continue the selected course to go and in other works. And in the video presented in this article you will find additional information on this topic.

Modern private houses often have more than one floor. The reason for this is simple - the smaller area of \u200b\u200bthe foundation, which means the smaller cost of construction, with a decent total area of \u200b\u200bthe whole house. The presence is more than one floor at the house requires the arrangement of inter-storey overlaps. And this is additionally to the attic if you are not going to arrange the attic instead of the attic.

Houses erected from different building materials require an individual approach. Therefore, there are several methods for installing overlaps. Yes, and thanks to new materials, there are new types of their.

Overlapping: what are there and what they differ

For houses from aerated concrete there are two most suitable type of floors - reinforced concrete and wooden. Naturally, each of them has its own characteristics, their advantages and disadvantages that need to be considered by choosing the most suitable for you.

Many reinforced concrete overlap are considered the most modern and durable. As can be seen from the name, with its arrangement, one of the types of reinforced concrete plates are used. They provide a high level of fire resistance, they are very durable and durable, there are practically no restrictions on length. Plates from this material are not particularly affected by high humidity. Yes, and what is important, they have a low price.

Although, of course, this type of overlaps has disadvantages. This is, first, high weight plates. They are heavy and big, which must be taken into account when booking the foundation and erection of walls. Because of the same weight, they are difficult to put on their own - practically can not do without special equipment and assistants. In addition, if you do not make an additional concrete or brick distribution belt under the plates, then they can disrupt the integrity of the walls. Reinforced concrete requires additional insulation.

By type of plates, reinforced concrete floors are divided into:

• Made from ordinary volatile w / b plates;
• Monolithic.

Overlapping from hollow railway plates

Void reinforced concrete plates give a greater lightness of the design of overlaps

Washing w / w plates are made of heavy brands of concrete, but relieved using special aircraft emptiness, usually having a cylinder form. Sometimes these voids significantly reduce the weight of the plates.

Among their advantages should be called:

1. Great ease of the whole design. As already noted, air chambers allow to reduce the weight of each plate, which positively affects the level of load on the foundation and wall;
2. Great strength. Void not only well affect the weight, but also on the strength of concrete. They create a frame that increases the durability of the material;
3. Simplify installation. Due to less weight, these slabs are installed quickly and with minimal effort;
4. The lack of restrictions on the form of grounds. Thanks to the hollow slabs, the overlap in the house can be made even the most complex forms;
5. Aesthetics. One of the important problems is the location of communications so that they are less visible. In hollow plates, they can be placed inside the chambers.

The main disadvantage of these plates in comparison with other options for reinforced concrete floors is just in strength. Yet they are less durable than, for example, monolithic plates are more exposed to humidity and temperature differences.

Cleansing from monolithic plates have the highest carrier capacity

Monolithic overlaps distinguishes the greatest strength, but the pay for it is a big weight, the largest of all railway plates. The strength of the monolithic plates is achieved due to the use of iron rigidity and two-layer ligaments.

Of the advantages of monolithic reinforced concrete slabs, it is worth noting:

1. High strength. Their bearing capacity is the highest of all types of railway plates;
2. Simplicity of manufacture. In order to make such a slab, special forms or special technological skills are needed. Often they make them right on the construction site;
3. Simple installation.

But all these advantages go close to the disadvantages that many may seem significant:

1. The need for formwork and supports. Although they can be rented, it is still additional costs. In addition, the formwork, and the supports are pretty cumbersome;
2. Stop construction at low temperatures. Monolithic concrete cannot be made when it is cold that the domestic climate significantly reduces the time when you can engage in the construction of the house;
3. Long freezes. Pause in construction will have to do and due to the fact that monolithic plates require a long pour period;
4. Low sound insulation. The sound permeability of such plates is very high;
5. Horregious. The cost of production can be too high.

Wooden floors: what is it?

Wooden floors can be erected without attracting expensive equipment.

Wooden floors are the most traditional type of them. When they are erected, the material presented with us is quite wide, environmentally friendly and rather durable - wood.

They are easier than reinforced concrete. And it eliminates the need to build a particularly powerful foundation, which is not necessary by itself when used as the main construction material of the aerated concrete. The plus undoubtedly, it is also the fact that they can be erected independently, and certainly there is no need to attract expensive technique.

Wooden floors: design

The arrangement of inter-storey overlaps requires a particularly careful approach to the calculation of the section of the beams. The fact is that the load on them can be high enough - these are people, and furniture, and communications - and it must be taken into account. As the main material of the carrying basis, there are often doubled beams. In addition to them, an ordinary or glue bar is used.

Locked the beams in a step of 60 cm to 1.2 m. It all depends on their cross section - than it is less, the smaller the distance between them. The optimal is the length that does not exceed six meters, otherwise the deflection can be larger in the 1/300 length of the span.

Holding the parameters required for beams should not forget that their length should be about 30 cm more than the length of the span, as they enter each wall by 15 cm.

In addition to the beams and boards, the design of the wooden overlap in a gas-concrete house provides for the presence of a reinforcing belt.

Wooden overlaps: Freak to the walls

It is necessary to lay beams in a niche on a reinforced concrete belt, making it perpendicular to the bearing walls. Before fixing the beams in niches, the latter are covered with waterproofing material. An ordinary rubberoid with bitumen mastic can be as a waterproofing layer, or a modern self-adhesive membrane.

As a waterproofing layer, a conventional runner

The beams are fixed on anchor plates or studs installed when filling the reinforcing belt. Also, instead of them, it is permissible to use steel corners on self-drawing and dowels. Between the ends of the beams and the walls of the niche, which it is placed, should be a gap at least 2 cm, but not more than 3 cm. This gap is required in case of temperature expansion.

At the end ends, it makes an incision in 60-70 degrees. It is done so that the wood "breathe" and moisture was delayed in it.

These ends are covered with an antiseptic, for a length of at least 75 cm, but it is important that it is not on an oil basis. All seams are filled with sealant to prevent rotting. And in the remaining space between the end of the beam in the niche and the wall, the insulation is stacked.

Beams, going along the walls, you can not put back to them. Between them and aerated concrete blocks need to leave a gap to 3 cm, which is filled with sealant and insulation.

Wooden floors: inter binding space

A layer of insulating and insulation material is placed on the roll

The inter-binding space is filled only after all the work on the installation of beams are completed. There are good boards with a thickness of up to 50 cm. For the rank of them are nourished from below to beams. You can make shields from such boards on cranial bars, but if you use ductable beams, then there is no need for them.

It is necessary to put a layer of insulating and insulating material, a thickness of at least 10 cm. It's not only in maintaining heat, but also in sufficient sound insulation.

After that, you can proceed to the arrangement of the floor. For floor to beams, wooden lags are naked to start. The rest depends on the type of flooring. If it is planned wooden, then the boards are put right on the lags, if we are talking about linoleum, laminate or parquet, then you first have to equip a solid leveling coating. Plywood or chipboard is suitable for it. It can also be ridiculed from the bottom with drywall, lining or some other material, depending on which the ceiling should be.

Monolithic reinforced concrete belt: something without anything

One of the most important parts of the ceiling design - monolithic reinforced concrete belt

One of the most important parts of the design of overlaps in a house of aerated concrete is a reinforced monolithic belt. The main task of this belt is to distribute the load from overlaps and roofs. In view of the special importance of this belt, it is sometimes also called an annular beam.

For the armature and concrete M200 M200 concrete are needed for the belt. It is best to use steel rods and brackets as the reinforcing element. The diameter of the rod should be about 8 mm, and the bracket is 6 mm.

Staples for connection, rods are set at a distance of 15 cm from each other. After that, they are placed inside the formwork.

Using U-shaped aerated concrete blocks as a formwork. The exact position of the reinforcement inside the blocks provide spacers. When they are installed and fixed, concreting time has come. But in front of it it is necessary to moisten the walls of the formwork.

Concrete for the monolithic belt must be stacked by layers, each of whom is well tumped by Clavma. Metal, especially at the bottom, should be tightly flooded with material. After the annular beam is completely ready, all the extra concrete should be removed as quickly as possible. If there is a protruding gravel, then it is drowning in the filler. Wasted concrete will be about three days. A thin layer of solution is applied to the belt on the belt.

General requirements for the construction of wooden floors

The construction of overlaps is a responsible thing. It is necessary to monitor their strength, the ability to withstand the load. In addition, different types require different approaches. But, if we are talking about a house of aerated concrete blocks, that is, a number of requirements that must be taken into account:

1. Overlapping can only be laid on the reinforced monolithic reinforced concrete belt, for the load distribution;
2. They should not lie down on the inner structures or on the external walls. The first should be below external bearing walls;
3. To hold the bearing overlap designs, reinforcement rods are installed, which are used. Length depends on type;
4. Between the beams of overlaps and blocks in the niches, a gap of waterproofing materials is left;
5. The length of the beams should not exceed 6 m, and the height and width are calculated based on the length of the span and the expected load.

Wooden floors for the house of aerated concrete blocks are the most suitable option as in case you are building with your own hands and in case you hire builders. Their installation is much easier than reinforced concrete. As a result, less and cost. In addition, thanks to the ease of design, you will not have to spend on a strong foundation.

Choosing in favor of wood overlaps is a choice in favor of accessibility, strength and durability. This is a modern choice, because the tree is natural material. Not in vain today more and more often prefer them. Reviews about Wooden floors can be found on the forums.

Video

Check out the video about the construction of wooden floors

Aerated concrete is a fairly warm and lightweight material. Its increasing popularity is explained by the fact that the aerated concrete blocks are well held heat and have a low cost. But it is important to remember that this material does not have high strength. This must be considered when choosing other supporting structures. If we talk about overlaps, then wooden floors in such a house of aerated concrete will become the best option.

Types of designs

To divide the inter-storey space, you can apply the following types of structures:

• beam overlap;
• slab overlap;
• monolithic overlap.

Application in a gas-concrete house of heavy metal or reinforced concrete elements is undesirable, so the execution of overlapping on wooden beams is the most common and intelligent option.

Precast concrete precast

WORK SCHEME W / w overlaps

The positive parties of this type of construction include:

• high speed mounting;
• reliability and strength;
• non-hatching.

The disadvantages of this type are much more. Especially they are noticeable during the construction of a private house of aerated concrete:

• limited number of sizes;
• a large mass of elements;
• the need to use lifting equipment;
• the impossibility of use in the complex form of the room;
• the need to have a large storage area.

In addition, heavy reinforced concrete floors increase the load on the walls and the foundations of the house, the significantly reduce the savings achieved by the use of aerated concrete.

Monolithic reinforced concrete

The monolithic overlap allows you to use it in the rooms of complex forms and with non-nipple spans. There are two types of such floors for a private house:

• on wooden beams and moisture-resistant plywood;
• on metal beams and a professional foot.

The second for a gas-concrete house immediately disappears due to high mass and too large differences in the characteristics of the material. The monolithic overlap using wooden beams is suitable for buildings with small spans, since with increasing the distances between the walls, the thickness of the concrete layer increases.

The device of concrete floors of a significant thickness creates too large loads on fragile aerated concrete walls.

The positive characteristics of this type of construction include:

• ability to fill the area of \u200b\u200bany form;
• no need for complex technique;
• strength and reliability.

The minuses include:

• labor complexity;
• installation of formwork and special support racks are needed;
• the complexity of technological modes when laying the mixture;
• large mass design.

Wooden

Installation of beams

The positive qualities of floors from wood can be attributed:

• low cost;
• small mass;
• the ability to make the design of various configurations;
• ease of installation;
• no need for complex technique.

The peculiarities of this material include the need for two types of special treatment with the help of flame retardants and antiseptics. The first protects the tree from the fire, and the second prevent damage to the fungus or mold. This is especially important when erecting the first floor overlapping in the presence of a cold basement or underground and an attic overlap with a cold attic. In both of these cases, wooden structures are in contact with cold air and the condensate is possible on them, which leads to the accuracy of microorganisms.

Cleaning device using wooden beams

Opportuning wooden beams on aerated concrete walls

The main bearing element of such a design is a wooden bar, which transmits the payload and load of the wall overlap design. There are three options:

• beam;
• ribbed;
• beam-ribbed.

When designing the Balochny, the most attention is paid to the bearing element. In order to correctly choose the cross section, the specialists perform calculations for strength and rigidity. The device of such structures in a private house allows an approximate selection of the beam section. It depends on the steps of carrier elements. In step 0.6 m, these are the following values:

• 75 per 100 mm with a span 2 m;
• 75 by 150 mm with a span 2.5 m;
• 75 per 200 mm - 3 m;
• 100 per 200 mm - 4-4.5 m;
• 125 per 200 mm - 5m m;
• 150 per 200 mm - 6 m.

If the step of beams is greater, the values \u200b\u200bshould be increased.
In the general case, the cake of the attic overlap looks like this:

• beams;
• lags;
• boardwalk;
• clean floor.

When installing the basement or overlapping the last floor, during contact with the cold air, the insulation is laid between the lags. In this case, there is a need to install a layer of vapor barrier from warm air and protection against moisture from the side of the cold.

An important point is the fastening of beams to the walls. The depth of the support is taken at least 12 cm. When different from the structure of the materials, it is necessary to provide a layer of waterproofing: the ends of the beams are covered with waterproofing material. As waterproofing, you can use:

• bituminous mastic;
• ruberoid;
• tol (outdated material);
• hydroisol;
• linocur.

The beam should not be enshrined hard. Sometimes for this purpose, the SCOS is provided at an angle of 70 degrees.

For uniform distribution of the load under the scene of the beam, small wooden plates are installed. They should be wider than carrying a bar.

Beams are mounted simultaneously with the construction of walls. First, it is necessary to put extreme elements and check their evenness with the help of a construction level and a straight length. After making horizontal, the remaining bars are mounted.

With proper installation and attentive treatment of wooden horizontal elements, you can achieve a very long service life and high reliability. For a house of aerated concrete, this type of structures will be an excellent solution at a reasonable price.

Houses from aerated concrete blocks are building no more than three floors high. Overlapping in houses from aerated concrete is made taking into account the material of the walls, as well as gas blocks are selected with such characteristics so that they can withstand overlaps.

Types of overlap for aerated concrete

• monolithic;
• reinforced concrete plates;
• aerated concrete plates;
• wooden or metal beams.

Board floors

Plates for overlaps can be reinforced concrete or aerated concrete. The overlap of aerated concrete is lighter than reinforced concrete, the plates from aerated concrete are assembled into a monolithic web due to the puzzle system. If the plates are used without grooves and ridges, then the reinforcement is laid between the plates and the sand-cement mortar is poured. Flooring plates of overlappings are reinforced with a mesh, they withstand the load of 600 kg per square meter, which is quite enough for an individual residential building.

Scheme of the ceiling device from aerated concrete slabs

Flooring plates for floors can be of different sizes. The slab overlap must be 20 centimeters longer than the span so that on each side to enter the wall for 10 centimeters.

Reinforced concrete plates are similar to aerated concrete, but they are much harder, so when using them, it is necessary to accurately calculate the load.

The advantages of slab floors can be attributed to:

• quick installation;
• good noise and thermal insulation;
• high bearing capacity;
• available cost.

Monolithic overlap

For monolithic overlap, an armature frame is made, which is poured with concrete. The thickness of the monolithic overlap can reach 300 mm. The monolithic overlap can be any form - this is the main difference from the slab overlap, which can only be rectangular. The monolithic overlap has a high bearing capacity - up to 800 kg per square meter, but it is long enough and expensive.

Device monolithic overlap

Overlapping in the beams

For such an option, metal or wooden beams are used, which is stacked with plywood or boards, and the space between the beams is filled with clay, mineral wool, polystyrene foam or other insulation. This is a proven and inexpensive way to make an inter-storey overlap.

An example of a wooden overlap in a house of gas blocks

What overlaps is better for houses from aerated concrete

Council Proraba:
In household houses, any overlaps can be made under the condition of accurate calculation of the load on the walls. The easiest way to make overlapping with wooden or from aerated concrete slabs, because the load from them on the walls is lower than from other materials and besides these options are the cheapest.

It is usually believed that the inner partitions are not supporting, so they are made slightly lower than the bearing walls so that the overlaps do not relieve them. Partitions from aerated concrete usually make 2 centimeters below the ceilings so that the overlap does not give on them, because cracks may appear on the partitions.

A type of overlaps can be considered window and door jumpers from aerated concrete - they are used with the calculated load on the project. If the wall thickness exceeds 500 mm, you can use the precast jumpers. The length of the jumper should be greater than the width of the opening 100 mm in each direction.

Video: Laying of wooden floors in a house of aerated concrete

The material of the floors depending on the characteristics of the building is most often concrete and metal, and the tree is increasingly moving into the background due to lower strength. However, besides this lack, it has other advantages that can be significantly reinforced in symbiosis with aerated concrete structures.

This combination is almost perfect, both in terms of material and labor costs and in relation to the requirements of the reliability of the structure. Both aerated concrete and wood are not high-strength materials, but with proper enhancement of reinforcement can easily ensure reliability and stability of the design.

Types of wooden overlaps

1. Standard beams.

They represent a system of monolithic or glued wood beams, on top to which a black floor coating is laid in the form of a transverse board, a warm floor and other coatings.

The dimensions of such elements reach 400 mm in height, 200 mm wide and up to 15 m in length.

In cases where the base of the floor is joined with one two and large number of walls, it is not filling it from a separate bar of 5 m, but set one beam with a length of 15 m, centering it and strengthening additional space-standing elements. Such monolithic technology of the structure is possible only with a variety of supportive walls.

2. Lightweight ribbed

Such details are infrequently applied, but they are indispensable in the event of a building of the wood frame.

Their main feature is the trim and ribs are caught up with an interval of only 30-50 cm.

Their length is limited to 5 meters, and width 30 centimeters. Coatings of them are shed different materials: plywood, chipboard plates, and sometimes ribbon of steel.

For sound insulation of structures of them, mineral wool is used in obligatory. For aerated concrete buildings, their use is rational only in relation to the characteristics of the design of one separate room.

3. Balaxy-ribbed

There are combination of the first two species, by using in one design at the same time beams and ribs.

In this case, the ribs are installed across the beams, which in this case need a child smaller thanks to a more uniform load distribution. The tree in this case is less consumed, but the installation process with respect to the two previous options is slightly complicated.

General rules for the construction of wooden floors

In the case of the buildings from the aerated concrete, the correct technology of wood laying is an equally important factor ensuring the stability and durability of the building than the units themselves. With its impairment, there is a probability of displacement of the geometry and uniformity of the load distribution between all elements of the structure, which in the worst case can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the building.

To prevent this, in the construction process, it is necessary to strictly follow the following rules for the installation of wooden structures:

1. The beams are mounted into the walls of aerated concrete directly during the construction process, before work on finishing. To find out the required amount of beams, the intervals of their installation and the optimal size of wooden elements, it is necessary to make engineering calculations of the strength of the surface formed in advance, taking into account the type of material.
2. Beam elements are inserted into the wall in the process of erection: It organize nests-deepening, with such a calculation so that their depth is equal to half the thickness of the whole wall. In the case of a forced organization of a cross-cutting nest, it must be stolen by insulation with steamproof characteristics.
3. First of all, the external beams located on the edges of the walls are always installed. They are aligned with the help of a level and a long smooth boards, which are carried out on the beams, putting it on the edge. To neutralize their distillations, the pieces of suitable thickness boards are put under separate logs. Thus, the extreme beams become reference, and the intermediate elements are aligned already on them, with the help of the same straight board, the ends of which are based on the extreme extreme parts.
4. The base for the draft floor on the floor is laying out a ram with a thickness of no more than 50 mm, fixing it with self-draws. From above there is a thin not stranded blackboard. Its elements are stacked across the main beams and are fixed to Brusa with self-draws. In the details of the wood, intended for the facility of the floor, before installation necessarily pass through antiseptic processing.
5. Before the construction of the flooring on the beam overlaps, they pre-lay layers of vapor and waterproofing materials. For example, polystyrene foam lies in the nipper, after which all the joints between its segments are glued with scotch. From above, the plates of the insulation falls in the form of eco-water, crumples or the same foam foam, and in conclusion the finishing floor finish itself. As it, it is not recommended to use heavy materials, like porcelain tiles. Perfect option relative to weight, reliability and durability - parquet or ordinary wooden board.

Installation of overlaps

After the preparation of all materials, tools and the construction of bearing walls, you can begin the operation of the flooring, which is performed in several stages.

1. Stage first - calculation of the structure

For the reference point, the shortest size of the room is always taken. The size of the base section defines the installation interval. As a rule, it corresponds to one meter.

For the initial timber, the most smooth surface is especially necessary, which will not allow it to fix it even with a small rase in the horizontal plane. The timber is selected from the calculation so that it can withstand the load more than 400 kg per square meter of its area.

Suitable with respect to the height to width are parts with their ratio 1.5 to 1.

It is necessary to equip the overlaps in the conditions of aerated concrete structures with a margin, so the beams are climbing a little longer than it is necessary on the calculations, and then unscrew the excess with the help of ordinary hacksaw.

2. Stage Second - preparation for installation

Even at the construction stage of walls in aerated concrete blocks, it is necessary to make special openings in which overlapping elements will be inserted. The step of the opening corresponds to the beams and is done through each meter, a depth of 300 mm, and 300 mm wide and more depending on the features of the beam.

After mounting, the ends of the overlap is not poured so that the wood is not rotting. Bringing the bar is strictly forbidden to install an oppressive with a parallel wall.

3. Stage Third - floor overlap

This operation itself implies a clear manipulation sequence:

1. In one day, all the elements are prepared for installation, from wood processing them with antiseptic and refractory compositions, excluding end surfaces.
2. The beams are being bludging, if necessary, screaming with a hacksaw is superfluous, so that on both sides of the installation there was a stock of up to 450 mm from the size of the room. Dumpingly needed at an angle of 60 degrees to ensure a trapezoid cut, which due to its geometry provides more reliable fixation in the wall.
3. Install external beams, adjusting their position in terms of the level by checking them with a smooth board across the direction of laying. The ends of the beam elements do not need to be frightened to the aerated concrete walls - it is necessary to provide a gap of 30-50 mm for their ventilation.
4. After aligning all the beams and adjusts their position, it is fixed with each of them with a dry rubble.
5. In conclusion, planting nests in aerated concrete walls are immutted with a solution of cement with rubble.
6. As the cement mixture is sets, it is processed to the organization of thermal insulation using polystyrene foam, ceramzit, eco-water and other materials.
7. Next, the layer of waterproofer falls in the form of liquid rubber, mastic, polyurea, polymer varnishes, resins and other materials.
8. Upon completion of waterproofing, with the help of self-samples, lagows are mounted - a bar, which is the basis for the flooring of the geepar.
9. From above to the sex board - black floor covering, the decorative coating is laid.
10. The overlap performs two functions at once - floor and ceiling. To improve the second, similar operations are performed, including heat and waterproofing. However, in this case, lags are needed less massive, because they will need to withstand only the weight of the ceiling of the ceiling.
11. Advantages and disadvantages of wooden floors.

Pros:

• Relatively low price, as the tree is one of the most affordable building materials. Despite the use of wood of the best breeds, subjected to several processing stages, the price of the final construction from it in any case will be cheaper than the form based on reinforced concrete.
• Minimum weight It characterizes the wood material as not very durable, but its property is completely leveled by a combination with aerated concrete structures that do not create an increased load in contrast to brick buildings, which means that the design with wooden elements does not lose strength. Therefore, the combination together two is not the most durable, but inexpensive, lungs and very easy-to-install materials are extremely profitable.
• Unpretentious to use. Unlike concrete structures, the costs and installation restrictions are minimal. The tree does not require "wet" operations and is not limited to the time of the year. Therefore, it is possible to mount the designs from it both in the winter and summer. With amendment for winter frosts when organizing a reinforcing belt for seismic regions.

Minuses:

• Restrictions in application. Overlapping from wood in houses from aerated concrete does not always provide sufficient reliability of the design. For example, in multi-storey houses with third and subsequent floors, the tree cannot be used on construction sites whose seismicity exceeds 8 points.
• Low durability. The tree after time expires sooner or later loses its initial performance characteristics. Slow out this process for all sorts of impregnations and compositions that are pre-treated. But even in the case of rotting the whole beam, its replacement is not an impracticable or supervised and expensive operation and does not go to any comparison with the problems of restoration of overlappings from reinforced concrete.

1. When choosing a secting of wood, preference should be given to a more powerful element, since, otherwise, they will not be able to compensate for their excessive weakness, even by making it in the overlap of solid frequency.
2. For multi-storey buildings, it is recommended to lay wooden floors between the floors not directly on the aerated concrete blocks, and the reinforced concrete reinforcing belt, mounted throughout the perimeter of the building.
3. To bookmark the reinforcing belt and installation of beams, the most suitable are special U-shaped blocks that need to be calculated and ordering separately.
4. The attic overlap is subjected to minimal loads, so it can be seriously saved, eliminating reinforcement and flooring. To move in the attic, there is enough bridges between lags.