Calculation of the sizes of deaf threaded holes. Development and design of design documentation Can I set a hole for the Zenkovka

The dimensions of the cenks are affixed as shown in Fig. 63, 64.

If the holes in the parts are located on the axes of its symmetry, then the angular dimensions should not be imposed. Other holes should be coordinated by an angular size. In this case, for the holes located around the circle at equal distances, the diameter of the center circle is set and the inscription on the number of holes is set (Fig. 65, 66).

In the drawings of cast parts requiring machining, indicate the dimensions so that only one size is made between the unprocessed surface - the casting base and the processed - the main dimensional base (Fig. 67). In fig. 67 and 68 For comparison, examples of the size of the sizes in the drawing of cast parts and a similar part made by mechanical processing are given.

The dimensions of the holes in the drawings is allowed to be applied simplified (according to GOST 2.318-81) (Table 2.4) in the following cases:

▪ the diameter of the holes in the image is 2 mm and less;

▪ there is no image of the holes in the section (cross section) along the axis;

▪ application of holes in general rules complicates the reading of the drawing.

Table 7.

Simplified drawing of different types of holes.

Type of hole

d1 x L1 -L4 X

d1 x L1.

d1 x L1 -L4 X

d1 / D2 x L3

Continuation of table. 7.

Type of hole

Example of a simplified application of holes

d1 / d2 x φ

Z x P x L2 - L1

Z x p x L2 - L1 - L4 x

The dimensions of the holes should be indicated on the shelf of the lifting line, carried out from the axis of the hole (Fig. 69).

2.3.2. Image, Designation and Dimensions of Some Elements of Parts

The most common features are the following elements: chamfer, cartel, grooves (grooves), grooves, etc.

Chamfer - conical or flat narrow cuts (dull) of sharp edges of the parts - used to facilitate the assembly process, hand protection from cuts with sharp edges (technician requirements

safety), imparting products of a more beautiful type (requirements of technical aesthetics) and in other cases.

The sizes of the champers and the rules of their instructions in the drawings are standardized. According to GOST 2.307-68 *, the sizes of the facets at an angle of 45o are applied as shown in Fig. 70.

Fig. 70 The samples of the champers under other angles (usually 15, 30 and 60o) indicate

general Rules: Linear and angular dimensions are affixed (Fig. 71, a) or two linear sizes (Fig. 71, b).

The size of the height of the chamfer is selected according to GOST 10948-64 (Table 8). Table 8.

Normal sizes of the Fast (GOST 10948-64)

Steeming height S.

Note. For fixed landings, chamfer should be taken: at the end of the shaft 30o, in the hole of the bushings 45o.

Falls - roundings of external and internal angles on the details of the machines - are widely used to facilitate the manufacture of parts by casting, stamping, forging, increasing the strength properties of shafts, axes and other parts in the transition places from one diameter to another. In fig. 74 letters A marked the location of the voltage concentration that can cause a crack or a break of the part. Application Falls eliminates this danger.

Fig. 74 Dimensions of cartoons take from the same number of numbers as for the value with

Radius of roundings, the dimensions of which on the scale of the drawing of 1 mm and less, do not depict and the dimensions are applied, as shown in Fig. 74.

To obtain a thread of a full profile on the entire length of the rod or holes make a groove at the end of the thread to exit the tool. Poles are two versions. In the drawing, the Details of the groove are simplified, and the drawing is complemented by a remote element on an enlarged scale (Fig. 49, 51). The shape and dimensions of the groove, the dimensions of the escape and under-distance installs GOST 10549-80, depending on the thread step P.

In fig. 75 An example of a groove for outdoor metric thread, and in fig. 76 - for internal metric thread.

Fig. 76 Dimensions of the groove are selected from Tables GOST 10549-80 (see Appendix 5), their

Below are the dimensions of the groove for the outer metric thread:

The edges of the grinding circle are always a bit rounded, so in the place of the part, where it is undesirable to retreat from the edges, make a groove to exit the grinding wheel.

Such a groove in the drawing details are simplified, and the drawing is complemented by a remote element (Fig. 77, 78).

The size of the grooves, depending on the diameter of the surface, installs GOST 8820-69 (Appendix 4).

Sizes of grooves to exit grinding circles can be calculated by

formulas (all sizes in mm):
a) at d \u003d 10 ÷ 50 mm	d1 \u003d D -0.5,	d2 \u003d d + 0.5,
	R1 \u003d 0.5;
b) at d \u003d 50 100 mm	d1 \u003d D - 1,	d2 \u003d d + 1,
	R1 \u003d 0.5.

2.3.3. Roughness of surfaces details

Depending on the method of manufacturing the part (Fig. 79), its surfaces may have different roughness (Table 9, 10).

Fig. 79 Surface roughness - This is a combination of micron

the treated surface considered on the standardized length section (L). This length is called basic, it is selected depending on the nature of the measured surface. The greater the height of the micronether, the greater the base length is taken.

To determine the surface roughness of GOST 2789-73, it provides for six parameters.

High-altitude: Ra - average arithmetic deviation of the profile; Rz is the height of the profile of the profile for ten points; RMAX is the highest profile height.

Step-by-step: S - middle pitch of local profile protrusions; SM - average step of irregularities; TTP is a relative reference length, where P is the value of the cross section of the profile.

The most common in technical documentation are the parameters Ra (the average arithmetic deviation of the profile) and the RZ (the height of the profile of the profile for ten points).

Knowing the form profile of the surface, determined by the profilograph at its base length L, can be built a roughness chart (Fig. 80),

The hole is open or through opening in any solid object.

The drawing of the hole is performed on the basis of GOST 2.109-73 - a unified system of design documentation (ECCD).

You can download this simple drawing for use for any purpose. For example, for placing on a signboard or sticker.

How to draw the drawing:

You can draw the drawing on a sheet of paper and using specialized programs. To perform simple sketch drawings of special engineering knowledge is not required.

A sketch drawing is a drawing performed "by hand", with the observance of the exemplary proportions of the displayed object and containing sufficient data for the manufacture of the product.

Constructive drawing with all technological data for the manufacture can only be performed by a qualified engineer.

To refer to the drawing, you must perform the following operations:

1. Draw an image;
2. Space size (see example);
3. Specify to the manufacture (Read more about specifications below in the article).

Draw most convenient on the computer. Subsequently, the drawing can be printed on paper on a printer or plotter. There are many specialized programs for drawing on a computer. Both paid and free.

Example of drawing:

This image is drawn as simply and quickly draws a drawing using computer programs.

List of drawing programs on a computer:

1. Compass-3D;
2. AutoCAD;
3. nanocad;
4. Freecad;
5. QCAD.

Having studied the principles of drawing in one of the programs it is not difficult to go to work in another program. Drawing methods in any program are not fundamentally different from each other. We can say that they are identical and differ from each other only the convenience and availability of additional functions.

Technical requirements:

For the drawing it is necessary to put sizes sufficient for manufacture, limit deviations and roughness.

In technical requirements for the drawing should be specified:

1) the method of manufacturing and control, if they are the only guaranteeing quality of the product;
2) Specify a specific technological method that guarantees the provision of certain technical requirements for the product.

A bit of theory:

The drawing is a projection image of a product or its element, one of the types of design documents containing data for the production and operation of the product.

The drawing is not a drawing. The drawing is performed in size and on the scale of the real product (design) or part of the product. Therefore, the work of an engineer who has sufficient experience in the production of drawing works is necessary to perform drawing works (however, the artist's artist, which has an artistic look on the product or part of the artist or part), is needed.

The drawing is a constructive image with necessary and sufficient information about dimensions, manufacturing and operation. You can download the drawing on this page for free.

The drawing is an artistic image on the plane created by means of graphics (brush, pencil or specialized program).

The drawing can be both an independent document and part of the product (design) and technical requirements related to surfaces processed together. Joint processing instructions are placed on all drawings involved in joint product processing.

For more information about the drawings, technical requirements for design and indication of manufacturing methods, see GOST 2.109-73. List of standards for the development of design documentation see.

Information for ordering drawings:

In our project organization, you can any product (both the details and the assembly), which will draw the drawing of the hole as the element of the design documentation of the product as a whole. Our designers engineers will develop documentation in minimal time in accurately in accordance with your technical specifications.

It was much discussed here. I repeat in the general sense why it is necessary to show the transition lines conditionally: 1. To ensure the drawing readable. 2. From the transition lines shown conditionally, it is possible to put dimensions that are often no longer in any form and cut. Here is an example. There is a difference? 1. As you can now display in all listed CAD systems. But how to display. The transition lines are shown conditionally and shown sizes that, with other modes, the transition lines simply do not simply. Why did the normocontroller required this? Yes, it just that the drawings have had the usual view after many years of work in 2D and read well, especially the customer who coordinates them.

This is true :) This is nonsense :) In TF, it is possible and so and so \u003d) there will be no tangible difference in speed, you can even take any copy to repaint, change the holes, remove the holes, anything ... and the array will still remain an array - Can I change the number of copies, direction and TP, video sawing or so believe? :) This is true, and what is the task? Translate as SW splines by points in the spline on the poles or if you think this is also a change in the original geometry - there is no comments to this? :) As I understand it, TF is only 1 to 1 and translates, the rest can already be configured in the TF template before export in DWG - see the rice under the spoiler, or to be made in the form of AC, which, in principle, does not contradict the main methods of working with AutoCAD, and since the prevalence of the AU in the early stages of the popularity of the introduction of the CAD, then the age generation is familiar even: and if Still to prove to the possibilities of exporting / importing different CAD: 1) How are you from the 2D drawing SW to export only dedicated lines in DWG? (From 3D documents, more or less SW is adapted, only still will have to be used in a small preview window manually). It is not necessary to remove everything in advance, and then export-\u003e somehow not modern, not in youth :) 2) and vice versa as dedicated lines in AutoCAD to quickly import to SW (for example, for a sketch, or simply as a set of lines for Drawing)? (For TF: allocated a set of desired lines in AC -Ctrl + C and then in TF just Ctrl + V - all)

What detail speech, and then it can not mirror this item, but just to tie differently and will be just as necessary. The mirror item is the same configuration created by the machine, you can make the configuration of the part yourself and this may be elegant in some cases, it is also easier to edit later.

The deaf threaded hole is performed in the following order: the diameter hole is first driven over d1. Under the thread, then the headset is performed S.x45º (Fig. 8, but) And finally, the inner thread is cut d.(Fig. 8, b.). The bottom of the thread hole has a conical shape, and the angle at the top of the cone φ depends on the sharpening of the drill. When designing, φ \u003d 120º is taken (nominal sharpening angle of drills). It is quite obvious that the depth of the thread should be greater than the length of the screw threaded end of the fastener. Between the end of the thread and the bottom of the hole also remains some distance butcalled "inexistant".

From fig. 9 It becomes clear to the appointment of the sizes of deaf threaded holes: thread depth h. Determined as a difference of coupling length L.threaded Details and Total Thickness H. attractive parts (maybe one, and maybe them and a few), plus a small margin of thread k., usually taken equal to 2-3 steps R Threaded

h. = L. - H. + k.,

where k. = (2…3) R.

Fig. 8. The sequence of deaf threaded holes

Fig. 9. Mounting with a screw assembly

Changing Length L. The fastener is indicated in its conditional designation. For example: "Bolt M6 x 20.46 GOST 7798-70" - its brand length L. \u003d 20 mm. Total thickness of attractive parts H. It is calculated from the drawing of the general form (this amount should be added and the thickness of the washer, subplated under the fastener head). Pitch thread R Also indicated in the conventional designation of the fastener. For example: "Screw M12 x 1.25 x 40.58 GOST 11738-72" - its carving has a small step R \u003d 1.25 mm. If the step is not specified, then by default it is the main (large). Cartoon chamfer S. usually take an equal thread R. Depth N. Thread holes MORE VALUE h. on the size of underfloor but:

N \u003d h + a.

A some difference in the calculation of the size of the threaded hole under the heel is that the impaired threaded end of the hairpin does not depend on its coupling length and the thickness of the attractive parts. For presented in the task of STI intensity, GOST 22032-76, the screwdrive "studny" end is equal to the diameter of the thread d., so

h \u003d D + K.

The resulting dimensions should be rounded to the nearest more integer.

The final image of the deaf threaded hole with the required dimensions is shown in Fig. 10. The diameter of the thread hole and the drill sharpening angle in the drawing do not indicate.

Fig. 10. An image of a deaf threaded hole in the drawing

In the tables of the reference book, the values \u200b\u200bof all calculated values \u200b\u200bare given (diameters of the threads, underwear, the thickness of the washers, etc.).

Required Note: The use of short undersion must be justified. For example, if the part at the location of the threaded hole in it is not thick enough, and the through hole under the thread can disrupt the tightness of the hydraulic or pneumatic system, then the constructor has to "climb", incl. Shortening inexistantly.