Proper warming of the roof of the house: technology and video. The construction of a warm roof: the selection of insulation and technology of laying heat-insulating cake how to make a warm roof

According to statistics, each second homeowner built his home alone. According to their reviews, the independent erection of the roof is one of the most difficult stages for non-professional builders. Therefore, it is very important to approach this stage, having a complete picture of all the nuances of the process in the head. To figure out how to make a roof with your own hands, it is necessary to study the device, the installation technology, the order of work and the features of the attachment of all components of the structure.

Types of roofs

First you need to decide on the form. To date, the most popular species are:

Forms features

The roof overlap with one single slide will save nerves and materials, since it is constructively the easiest option. If you make such a frame yourself, then the working capacity will be the smallest, and the mounting speed is high. But this form has a disadvantage - there is no possibility of arranging a full attic or attic, since the underproductive space turns out too low.

The double roof is mounted much more often. It is slightly harder in the manufacture, but allows you to get more space. Compared to four-tie, it has less complexity and mass, but it will take triangular frontones along the ends of the building.

Diva - most popular form

Before proceeding with the independent erection of the roof with four slots, it will be necessary to seriously prepare. Such a system has more elements compared to two previous. In addition, it is not possible to make full-fledged windows on the attic, since the roof design is deprived of the frontones and the installation of complex or not to avoid.

Four-tight complex in the device, but the savings are achieved due to the absence of frontones

For attic an excellent option will be a combined design with. In this case, at the bottom of the roof has a larger bias than on the uppermost area. Such an assembly allows you to raise the ceiling indoors and make the built house more comfortable.

Broken - not the most "architectural", but very effective in the plan of the space used

Payment

Before starting work, you need to make a design. Calculate the cross section of all elements does not make sense. In most cases, they can be taken constructively:

mauerlat - 150x150 mm;
racks - 100x150 or 100x100 mm depending on the cross section of the rafter;
podcovas - 100x150 or 50x150 mm, taking into account the convenience of compound with rafyles;
tightening - 50x150 mm on both sides;
runs - 100x150 or 150x50 mm;
lining thickness from 32 to 50 mm.

Calculation is usually performed only for rafter and silent feet. It is required to choose the height and width of the section. Parameters depend on:

roofing material;
snow area;
the step of the rafter (it is selected so that it is convenient to lay the insulation, 58 cm should remain between the elements in the light);
span.

You can choose a cross section of a rafted using general recommendations. But in this case it is recommended to make a small stock.

Calculation is usually performed for rafter legs

If you do not want understanding in the subtleties of computing, you can use special.

If you intend to make a warm roof, then the height of the sections of the legs are selected, taking into account the thickness of the insulation. It is necessary to mount it so that he does not perform above the beams. It is also necessary to consider that for mineral wool, a 2-4 cm ventilation gap is made between it and the coating. If the height of the rafter is not enough for this, the installation of the counterbalaxseckers is provided.

Step-by-step instructions for work

The sequence of the roof stages looks like this:

performing measurements of the building box (sizes can not match the project slightly);
preparation of materials and tools, wood processing by antiseptic;
mounting Mauerlat to the wall;
installing the skate riglel if it is needed (for sprinkling rafters);
mounting frame;
reinforcement of the roof using racks, trenches and tightening;
waterproofing;
doom;
providing ventilation;
installing drippers;
installation of coating.

Malelaci fastening

So that the roof is securely fixed, you need to take care of its reliable connection with the wall of the building. If a wooden house is erected, then Maurylalat is not required - the upper crown of timber or logs acts as this element. In this case, the mounting to the wall is performed using special "floating" fasteners. They are sold already ready, most often they are called Salazkov. This option of the roof device allows the entire design to be slightly shifted during the shrinkage of the walls without destruction and deformations.

"Sliding" fastening in a wooden house

A similar situation arises with a skeleton house. In this case, Mauerlat will be the top strapping of the walls. It is attached to the frame racks with a stammer with a corner, bracket or nails.

Methods of fastening rafters to the strapping in a frame house

The design of the roof of the brick, concrete blocks or concrete means fixing through Maurylalat. In this case, there are several ways.

Put the Mauerlat on the wall with four ways:

on brackets;
on studs;
on anchor bolts.

Maurylalat can be fixed on the brackets. In this case, wooden bars are put in the masonry on the inside. They should be located 4 rows from the cut. One side of the bracket is fastened to Mauerlat, and the second to the same Bruk in the masonry. The method can also be attributed to simple. It is not recommended for large buildings with high loads.

Mounting Mauerlat for brackets. In the wall masonry, antiseptic wooden bars are envisaged in 1-1.5 m increments

Attaching when mounting the roof can be carried out through studs or anchor bolts with a diameter of 10-12 mm. Fasteners are put in the masonry. Maurylalat is temporarily laid on the edge, it is necessary to slowly knock down with a hammer. After that, the bar remains the deepening in the locations of the fastener. They need to make holes under the heel. After that, the timber is put on fasteners and spin nuts. The method is ideal for walls of light concrete in the presence of monolithic armopoyas.

Fastening rafted to Mauerlat

In the houses of brick or stone, it is wiser to perform with a hard attachment rafted to Mauerlat. In this case, you can use both a weak and hanging system. The design involves two ways:

with wrist;
wITHOUT WHITE.

In the first case, the rafters are shaking with a bias so that they are tightly adjacent to Mauerlat. For carnis removal, the kobinki is provided. They are fixed to the foot with an overlap at least 1 m. Hard fixation of the node should be made using self-tapping screws, nails or brackets. But greater reliability collected framework will possess if for fixing, use metal corners with holes for the self-tapping screw.

The method without a wrist often does not imply the use of the mare. In this case, the carcass departure provide the beams themselves. This option is easier than the previous one, since it does not require high accuracy. It is suitable for newbies. For dense adjacent to Mauerlat, in this case, stubborn bars or boards use. Rigid fixation, as in the previous case, is performed by metal corners on both sides.

Fastening rafted to the wall

The carcass made must be fixed to the building box - it will not give a strong gust of the wind to disrupt the roof. For this, the rule needs to take the use of a twist of two wires with a diameter of 4 mm. They are wrapped around their legs in the place of support on Maurylalat, and after the wire they are attached to the wall on the anchor or the ERS approximately 4-5 rows to the edge. The element must be in advance in the masonry.

Wimbing protection

For a wooden house, you can simplify the task. You can collect the frame using a bracket. This option will speed up the process. But it is important to remember that this method is suitable only if the manufacture of walls is made of wood.

Strengthening system

How to strengthen the frame with the spans more than 6 meters? It is necessary to reduce the free span of the rafter. To do this, use a pitch and racks. It is necessary to make strengthening, taking into account the planning, it is important that these elements do not interfere with the stay of people and harmoniously fit into the interior.

The pumps usually have an angle of 45 or 60 degrees to the horizontal plane. Racks can not be described on the span of overlap. They are allowed to be installed on the underlying walls or beams and shprengels, percked between the walls.

The tighten is necessary to reduce the returnation. Because of it, rafters can simply disperse. This is especially true for systems with hanging beams. To assemble the frame, use two tightening, which are attached from two sides from the rafted. Fixation is carried out on a self-tapping screw, nails or studs.

At the top point, the rafter is based on the intermediate or skoth run. Depending on the selected system, the location and width of the span, it is made from a bar with a cross section from 50x100 to 100x200 mm. The mount is carried out on the connecting metal plates, bolts or nails.

Okeekhet

Before starting work at this stage, waterproofing material is required. Builders recommend using a parodiffusion mediocre-proof membrane. It costs more than polyethylene film, but guarantees more reliable protection. Your home is not a reason for saving.

The roof requires the fastening of the crate. The type depends on the selected roofing material. For metal, it is enough for a rarefied cladder from the boards with a thickness of 32-40 mm. Under the bituminous tile, we need a solid cutter from a 25-32 mm board or moisture-resistant plywood.

Ventilation of the undercase

Before proceeding with the stage of laying the roof, it is worth thinking of ventilation of the subcoase. This will allow to protect the designs from mold, fungus and destruction.

Proper ventilation arrangement under the roof will protect the design from the appearance of fungus

For ventilation, it is necessary to provide:

air intake through the cornice (the binder of the cornice is made by a rarefied board or special perforated sofits);
the movement of the air under the coating (between the insulation and the roof should be a gap of 2-3 cm);
air outlet in the area of \u200b\u200bthe skate (for this, skidding and / or point aerator is installed on the roof).

Roofing

The type of roof is chosen from aesthetic and economic considerations. It is also worth exploring the offers of manufacturers and find out the allowable slope. For example, bitumen tile is not recommended to be installed with a slope of more than 45 °.

Folding roof - this is a light fireproof and durable coating

The wall material must provide reliable waterproofing. Its installation is carried out in strict accordance with the manufacturer's instruction. There are the five most common types of coating: roof insulation.

1.
2.
3.
4.

The device of the modern roof is a complex multi-layer design, and the materials that are used are manufactured according to the latest technology based on advanced developments. Roofing "Pie" contains insulating and saving heat layers. From the adverse effects of weather conditions, the inner premises of buildings protect primarily waterproofing and insulation.

A competently designed and professionally built multilayer warm roof helps residents of the house without any problems to survive cold and atmospheric precipitation.

The rafter design depicted in the photo, which is a roof frame, should be durable and reliable, otherwise the roof will not be able to perform the functions assigned to it, which will lead to leaks and expensive repair.

When creating roofing, we should not forget to provide additional ventilation. Freely circulating fresh air prevents the condensate accumulation between the dense layers of the roofing cake. Stropil structures and other elements of the roof of natural wood provide the necessary level of ventilation and at the same time slightly take roofing system. Another argument in favor of using these materials is their environmental safety.

When a warm roof is built, do not do without strengthening layers, which are solid and reliable materials, such as concrete tiles, gravel, etc. They protect less strong roofing products from mechanical damage. True, having a considerable weight Materials for the roof improvement take it up with its design, so such nuances should be considered to be taken into account. The top layer of "pie" is a coating to create a roofing material. The choice of its texture, colors, aesthetic characteristics depends on the individual preferences of property owners and the design solution, it can be a professional, metal tile, slate or more modern products.

Insulating materials for the roof

How qualitatively the warm roof will be made with their own hands, largely depends on the insulating materials used. When choosing waterproofing and insulation, the calculated parameters laid down in the project. For example, in the region where construction is assumed, climatic conditions require to provide houses good protection against moisture and precipitation or there are strong gusts of the wind.

When calculating, all alleged loads on the building, and, accordingly, they certainly take into account the roof. Therefore, the presence of layers of roofing "cake" for each house can differ significantly.

Waterproofing layer . It is necessary to create protection against moisture. Frequent and abundant rains, melting of snow and fogs can cause great damage to the building and people in it. The use of waterproofing materials is a reliable obstacle to water seeking to penetrate the roof design.

Vapor insulation layer . The use of such a type of isolation provides high-quality protection from all sorts of evaporation and prevents condensate on different surfaces.

Heat insulating layer . Allows you to maintain heat inside the building and does not give to penetrate the cold air masses into the indoor room from the street. The range of thermal insulation materials is treated today, so you can choose the necessary products for insulation, given the individual requirements for a particular home.

Noise insulating layer . Materials for suppressing high-profile sounds that are coming from the outside are not as often as other types of isolation, but they provide a comfortable environment for staying people indoors.

Types of thermal insulation

Large list of products for insulation allows you to choose the best option and create a truly warm roof in accordance with the design solution. You can give preference to inexpensive materials or purchase modern products issued on the basis of the latest scientific developments. True, the last option will be much more expensive to homeowners, but it will provide them with reliable protection of buildings and a long service life.

Ceramzit . This method of insulation of the roofs is applied for a long time. This lightweight building material, which has the form of an oval or round granule, which is made of natural burned clay. Thus, the crushes are well combined with the heat-insulating properties of the source raw, when the warm roof is created with their own hands.

Styrofoam . The insulation of the roof with its use is considered one of the most popular options for thermal insulation applied both for pitched roofs and flat. It prolongs the life of roofing design.

Polyurene Foolder . It is included in the group of gas-filled plastics and is considered to be more technological heat insulator. Work on insulation polyurethane foam is easier than when using clay. They produce this pretty soft material in the form of large plates, with this and the features of its installation are connected. Installation requires additional strengthening of polyurethane foam in the roof design.

Penoplex. . The use of this modern material refers to new solutions in the implementation of thermal insulation. Paintex compact plates are perfectly retaining heat, although they are flexible. The thermal insulation layer, created by them, thinner than that of similar materials. Thanks to the characteristics described above, Penoplex is becoming increasingly popular.

According to the law of convection, which is subject to all gases, the heated air in the heated room will rise up. Therefore, the main heat loss in the house occur through the roof. A large area of \u200b\u200bthe skate and high thermal conductivity of the roofing material leads to an increase in heating costs by 15-20%. To preserve heat inside the house, and also prevent the heating of the roof with the sun, the roofing is insulated. In this article we will tell how to choose the selection of the insulation and the heat insulation of the skate with their own hands.

Types of roofs

To understand how to warm the scat and perform the calculation of the layer of thermal insulation material, you need to determine which type the roof refers. However, in the conditions of cold, wind and rainy climate of Russia, it is almost impossible to make a warm house without roof insulation work. In our country with its difficult climate, where the heating season in some regions lasts more than half a year, the thermal insulation of the premises is particularly relevant. Thanks to modern high-quality insulation materials, it is much easier to reduce the heat loss of heat, and this, in turn, helps save significant funds on the heating of premises.

Materials for insulation of premises must have special properties, as they not only serve for thermal insulation, but also exposed to various weather conditions. In addition, they are usually intended for use in residential premises, therefore should have such properties like, fire safety and non-toxicity. Moistureproof and durable thermal insulation materials, among other things, must serve a long service,

The volume and cost of installation of thermal insulation depends on the thickness of the layer of thermal insulation material, which determines the calculation, as well as the nature of the use of the underpants space. According to the method of insulation, 2 types of roofs are isolated:

· Cold roof. Coldly called roof, under which there is a unheated attic or attic. In the past, this type of roofing structures was considered the most rational, since the air layer separating the attic overlap from the inner surface of the roof serves as a kind of natural insulation. This airbag prevented the heating of the skate from the inside, thanks to which the snow cap was preserved, but not formed to go out. In houses with a cold roof, the skate is not insulated, the performance of thermal insulation works occurs on the side of the attic, on the ceilings.

· Warm roof. A warm-type roof is applied if the attic of the house is heated. In this case, the roof is deprived of natural isolation, because of which the snow on the surface of the skate is tagging, forming the roofing coating when scratching is scratched. To prevent these negative phenomena, the calculation of the thickness of the material and mounted it on the surface of the skate with their own hands. Since the area of \u200b\u200bthe slope is more than the ceiling area, the cost of warming the warm roof is more than cold.

Important! The heat insulation of the roof is performed using polymer or mineral insulation. So that the material during operation does not lose thermal insulation qualities, it must have low hygroscopicity, small thermal conductivity, well tolerate the differences in temperature and frost.

Ways of insulation

The insulation for the roof can be mounted with his own hands on the skate in many ways, the efficiency of work depends on the technology of styling. Thermal insulation is a complex process at which the climatic conditions of the region takes into account, roofing material, roof type. In order to prevent an error that can lead to an increase in humidity and deterioration of the temperature regime of the room, the calculation takes into account all these factors.

Installation of the insulation is performed with their own hands between the rafted, along the rafters, as well as on the floor of the attic. There are 3 ways to carry out insulating work:

1. Between rafters. This method of insulation of the roof with their own hands is the fixation of thermal insulating material to the rafters in the space between them. For this use materials in the form of rolls, mats or stoves. The disadvantage of this technology is that, in contrast to the laying method on the rafters, the insulation for the roof is delicately adjacent to the frame elements. Because of this, "cold bridges" are formed, low temperature air flows penetrating the inside of the room. If the calculation determined that the thickness of the insulation should be larger than the width of the rafted, this method is inappropriate. The effectiveness of thermal insulation works, performed according to this technology depends on the correctness of the installation and density of the adjustment of the insulation to the rafters.

2. By rafters. The installation of thermal insulation according to the rafters is performed in 2 cases: if the thickness of the insulation layer, which the calculation determined, is larger than the width of the rafter legs, or if the performance of thermal insulation works occurs after the roof flooring. The effectiveness of the insulation of the roof from the inside along the rafters is higher, since it does not produce "cold bridges". In order for your own hands to isolate the scat in this way, you need to pinch the shape from a metal profile or wooden bars to the rafters, and then attach to it the insulation. Polyfoam, extruded polystyrene foam, mineral wool, polyurethane foam, are mounted according to rafoplas.

3. Floor insulation attic. If the roof refers to a cold type, then the overlap between the residential floor and the attic is insulated, since the effectiveness of such thermal insulation works is much higher, and the cost is less. For insulation of the attic floor, flowing and tile insulation are used. The easiest all when installing the overlaps flooded the space between the gender lags with a clamzite or the claying mixture, the thickness of the layer of which determines the calculation.

Important! The cost of thermal insulation works depends on the roof row area, the price of the insulation, as well as the thickness of the material that helps to calculate the engineering calculation. The cheapest way is the ceiling insulation under attic flowing insulation. However, maximum efficiency can be achieved with an integrated approach using waterproofing and vapor insulation material.

Types of insulation

The effectiveness of thermal insulation works depends on the correct selection of the material. The quality of the insulation is determined by the following parameters: the thermal conductivity coefficient by 1 m2 of the area, density and weight of 1 m2 of the material. It should have high resistance to temperature drops, frost, low hygroscopicity and thermal conductivity. It is important to take into account the life of the insulation, since the dismantling and replacement of the heat-insulating material with their own hands without removing the roofing coating is the process of costly and long. Professional roofs for roof isolation use:

· Mineral wool. For heat insulation, the skate can be used glass wool, stone cotton wool or slag. The thermal resistance of these materials is 1.19 W / (m2 / k), the thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.042 W / MK. It is produced in the form of rolls, mats or plates of different thickness. Among the assortment of mineral wool it is easy to choose the material of the thickness that the calculation determined. This material is mounted on rafters or between rafters, as it is elastic and fits tightly to the frame elements. The mass of 1 m2 of the mineral insulation weighs 15-38 kg.

· Polyfoam and extruded polystyrene foam. These insulation based on foamed polystyrene have a thermal resistance of 1.35 W / (M2 / K) - 6.35 W / (M2 / K). They have the shape of plates of different thickness with standard dimensions. Polyfoam and extruded polystyrene foam is more convenient to mount along the rafyles. Since it is a hard material, there remain slots between it and rapid legs during installation. The weight of 1 m2 of thermal insulation materials based on expanded polystyrene is only 9-15 kg, which allows you to perform installation without enhancing the frame and the crate.

· Polyurethan. Rigid polyurethane foam in the form of foam is used to isolation of the skates. It is applied to the inner surface of the skate with a special installation, foaming liquid mixture with air or carbon dioxide. The thermal resistance of this material is 1.85 W / (m2 / K) - 9.26 W / (m2 / K), thermal conductivity of 0.027 W / MK. The weight of the material is only 11-22 per 1 m2. The density of the insulation for the roof based on polyurethane foam is within 54-55 g / m3.

Professional roofers are recommended when working with thermal insulation materials to use the respirator, protective glasses, gloves. Since many insulation dusty, releaseing small particles that fall into the respiratory tract of a person, damaging health. Costs are a scanty price, for comfort under the roof of your home, the optimal level of humidity and the absence of fungi. Additional plus is the necessary sound insulation, which is so important in homes with a metal roof.

Roof insulation, it is better to produce with fibrous thermal insulators (usually this mineral wool or glass gamble). The price of these materials is quite accessible. Also, materials have the same high degree of protection from cold and noise.

Mineral wool, thermal conductivity and durability - the most optimal option. This universal material has been successfully used for facades for many years, and even for the floor.

From mineral wool, as you know, has the ability to quickly absorb moisture, because of which it significantly loses its useful properties. Therefore, it is labeled between the roof rafters on a layer of a vapor barrier film, which can be bought at any economic store at a relatively low price. From the bottom, the insulation is sewn with plasterboard, clapboard or any other finishing material, and from above - coated with a defusion or anti-condensate membrane attached to rafyles or roof crate. Remember between the insulation and the film it is necessary to leave some ventilated space. , Then surplus moisture from the fiber could easily evaporate. Only then you can proceed to the installation of the roof covering. It is advisable to comply with the sequence of all layers, otherwise the oscillation price may be too high.

In some cases, an extrusion, which is a more expensive "relative" of the foam, can be used for roof thermal insulation. Its price is indeed high, although on the operational parameters it is somewhere comparable and mineral wool. We recommend using extrusion polystyrene foam.

Tasks insulation

The insulation of the roof is a technological procedure, without which it is impossible to operate a residential building in the Russian climate. Without thermal insulation works through the surface of the roof, 20-30% heat loss, which increase fuel consumption, as well as heating costs. Installation of the insulation solves the following tasks:

1. Optimizes the temperature regime inside the house. Isolation does not allow heated air to the atmosphere, that is, it takes less firewood, gas or electricity to maintain the optimal temperature.

2. Protects the roof from overheating. In the summer, the roofs of the materials with high thermal conductivity are strongly heated, because of which it is impossible to be in the attic. Skate isolation slows down this process, protecting the roof from excessive heating by the sun.

3. Prevents the formation of icicles, land. Installation of the insulation does not allow the lower surface of the roof to heat up, due to this, it does not fit the snow, it is not formed to be formed. Ice crust when melting scratches roofing material, speeding up the formation of corrosion.

4. Reduces the noise level during rain, hail, wind. The insulation has a high noise-canceling ability, so it quilts the sounds of falling droplets, hail and wind.

Ways of insulation

Before starting work on the insulation of the roof, you need to choose a way to apply. In general, the choice will be influenced by only one point: is it planned to use an attic room as an attic or it will be non-residential. If in the future it is planned to build another room under the roof, you will need to perform insulation directly from the inside of the roof.

If, due to the area of \u200b\u200bthe attic or other features of the attic room, it is impossible to organize a room there, the question of insulation should be resolved relative to the ceiling, which are a ceiling for rooms in the house.

Important! From what kind of roof on the house, insulation technology will depend on. If the roof is flat, you will need to perform insulation and outside, and from the inside. If the scope - only from the inside.

Selection of material for insulation roof

So, the roof is prepared, now you need to choose the material for its insulation. In the modern market, such a variety of materials in order to insulate the roof that at the first moment you can simply be confused.

However, if you figure it out in order, it will not be so difficult to determine the choice of insulation.

§ Fiberglass. This material is more often used to insulate the pitched roofs. It is characterized by excellent thermal insulation and good soundproofability, provides vaporizolation and fire resistance, which is again important when choosing a material for the insulation of the roof. Inside this insulation is fiber filled with air. This explains such good quality fiberglass. It is worth saying that this is one of the most economical ways of insulation of the roof.

§ Polynesurethane. This is a relatively modern way to warm the roof with your own hands. This material, in contrast to many other materials, is not glued or nailed to the surface of the roof, but is sprayed onto it. This is a very interesting way to warm the roof: polyurethane foam is sprayed on the entire necessary surface, it is perfectly and reliably connected with it and forms a solid design with absolutely without seams, which does not miss moisture or cold.

§ Polystyrene foam. This material has a magnificent price and quality ratio. In addition, the insulation has long and reliably proven itself in the market of building materials. Polystyrene has excellent thermal insulation, soundproofiness, the only disadvantage is that when performing work on the insulation of the roof, you need to make many, albeit simple, actions to install it.

§ Mineral wool. This is a long-known material for the insulation of the overlap, the mineral wool is inexpensive and simple when working.

Back to the category

Roof insulation technology

For the insulation of the roof, the following tools are needed:

§ a hammer;

§ Bulgarian;

§ branches;

§ Hydraulic pistol;

§ screwdriver;

§ clamping tool;

§ negotier;

§ Dobochnik;

§ level;

§ hacksaw.

When studying the range of building materials for insulation, the roof should be taken into account that the savings should be reasonable here. For example, if the roof is made of a metal professional leaf, it is better to choose minvat for thermal insulation. When evaluating available options, we draw attention to such characteristics:

· Heat conductor thermal conductivity: this indicator should be as low as possible;

· Weight material - the heavier insulation, the greater the roof load;

· The degree of resistance to mechanical or climatic influences.

It is best to choose one of these materials:

· Plates from Minvati;

· Glasswater;

· Panels made of polystyrene foam.

Important! Building material selected for insulation of the roof must have sufficient softness and have good elasticity. This will fully fill them in the intercourse space.

According to the technology of insulation, place materials (minvatu, polystyrene foam, foam, etc.) layers. The task of them will be preserving in the housing of heat, as well as ensuring vapor barrier, waterproofing. For the waterproofing device, a runneroid or a special film can be used - they will become an obstacle to moisture penetration paths to the warming material.

To perform vapor barrier walls, choose from such materials:

· Pergamine;

· Ruberoid;

· Polyethylene film;

· Parosolation membrane;

· Foil materials.

Important! Choosing a heater, should not be taken for a landmark material that was used to build at home. It is necessary to take into account the climatic features of the terrain where the house is located.

To begin with, we consider ways to warm the roofs of the sheaf type.

Before proceeding with insulation, it is necessary to determine how the purpose will be at the room located directly under this roof.

If it is just an attic room where there is no need for warmth, then in this case he will insulate the sex of the attic itself, that is, the overlap between lags, it is necessary to lay insulation, and not between roofing rafters. In this case, it is best to warm the roof with your own mineral wool hands. To do this, it is necessary to lay the lags by the insulation itself, and from above to cover it with a membrane in order to go out.

But in the event that under the roof it is supposed to make a residential premises of the attic type, the instruction, how to insulate the roof with their own hands, will be completely different.

To begin with, it is necessary to make a waterproofing layer to ensure that the insulation is protected from external influences, from possible wetting. The insulation must certainly be always dry!

The waterproofing membrane should be stacked over the crate on the outdoor side of the roof and consolidate it with the help of bars a counter test. Here it is possible that the waterproofing membrane will be slightly sagging - it is permissible. The main thing is that the accusation is no more than 100 mm.

Then you should start directly insulation. The plates of the insulation material should be labeled between the rafters so that in no case the gaps remain, and if it is planned to insulate the roof in two layers, then the insulation must be stacked on each other in such a way that the second layer be sure to overlap the seams between the material in the first layer, that is, lay the insulation in a checker order.

In the next step, it is necessary to paro barrier film on top of the insulation, which will protect the material from the condensate lounge and unnecessary moisture. This vaporizolation membrane should be attached to the brushes of the crate with the help of a construction stapler. In those places where there are joints, the film should be laid with a big gap and additionally consolidate with scotch.

Now it is necessary to consider the insulation of a flat roof.

Here, as well as with the scope, first need to decide on the purpose of the roof and the room, which is located under it.

If you plan to use a flat roof as a site under the garden, playground or just a terrace, then in this case you need to pay special attention to the fact that the roofing should be so strong to withstand very serious loads.

Such a roof must first make a cement screed directly on the reinforced concrete slab. It is done in order to form a small slope.

After that, it is necessary to pave waterproofing according to the technology described above.

Then, on top, it is necessary to pave a layer of polystyrene foaming with a density of more than 35 kg / sq. M, this layer needs to be covered with glazes in order for good filtering.

On top of the glass cholester should pour a gravel layer. After that, you can make a flat roof at the request of any tiled, paving or outdoor.

Another action algorithm is possible to insulate a flat roof. To do this, it is necessary to apply foam concrete on the layer of vaporizolation so that the layer thickness is at least 270 mm, then to lay the screed from the penophibeton. On top of all this design you can make a membrane coating.

In the event that under the flat roof there will be an attic room, then the vapor barrier gasket and the insulation should be paved on the attic itself, but the waterproofing layer must be laid under the roofing material itself.

According to experts, through the roof and the attic room of a residential building, about 15% of heat can leave even in the presence of basic isolation. If not to use insulation tools at all, then the remaining in winter levels the effect of the operation of heating systems. At the same time, modern rafting structures and roofing coatings provide extensive opportunities to improve the energy efficiency of the building. Properly arranged not only microclimatic comfort, but also will prolong the operational period of the attic materials.

Structural features of a warmed roof

In its pure form, the usual represents the carrier frame formed by beams, Mauerlat, support racks and crates to which the roof is stacked. The configuration of the rafter system may vary, but the most important thing is that even in the assembled and exploited form they can be inspired. The heat-insulated roof design is distinguished by the presence of several layers of insulation in transition. The lowest level is the overlap separating the attic from the dwelling. Next, it is directly insulation of the skates from the backs of the sides and in the layer between the crate and roofing flooring. In addition, a warm roof device provides for the presence of technological ventilation zones. They may have a different design execution, but the task of the vantzazors alone is to eliminate the condensate accumulation in the undercoil and attic space.

Selection of thermal insulation material

The scheme of placing the insulation largely determines the effectiveness of the thermal barrier, but if an inappropriate material was originally used, the highest-quality installation will not solve the problem of heat resistant. Roofers recommend paying attention to the following varieties of thermal insulators:

Glasswater is a cheap and convenient material with acceptable insulation indicators. Its strong parties will be the complete exclusion of biological destruction processes, and weak - loss of insulating qualities after moistening.
Basalt stove. The insulator is also sensitive to moisture, but it is distinguished by fire resistance, which is also important for the site under consideration.
Mineral wool. A variety of structural versions and durability can be put in a number of the main advantages of this insulation. The warm roof with Minvata retains its characteristics for 50 years. But this material should be protected from any contact with moisture.
Styrofoam. Another variant of the budget insulation, which has decent insulating properties, but the mass of structural flaws. Use the foam should only be used under the condition of good mechanical protection.
Polyurethan. Foam insulation with low thermal conductivity. Without it, it is difficult to do with the point sealing of hard-to-reach gaps and gaps.

Installation of thermal insulator

In the design of the skates, the insulation is embedded on the inside. As a rule, the shape of the thermal insulator for the roof is a plate or thick rolled material of type mats. Laying is made on the prepared surface with profile boilers. In the beams of the rafter system, a doomlet of wooden bars is mounted, to which the heat insulator is further recorded. The mount can be made by mounting brackets, screws or adhesive method. It is not fundamentally important, since the plate or mats should be closed by a counterclaim, the slats of which are nourished to the rafters of a warm roof. Insulation is performed according to the method of solid trim with complete sealing. The gaps, technical gaps and joints are closed with or moisture-resistant sealants, or the aforementioned polyurethane foam. An outdoor crate for greater structural reliability is desirable to continue up to the Mauerlat beams, where the walls of the house begins.

Laying hydro and vaporizolation

The insulator review showed that without reliable moisture protection, the material simply splashes and stop performing its basic function. Therefore, the next step should take care of hydro and vaporizolation. For this, membrane film materials are used, for which the carrier design is not needed. In particular, the "Uniflex", Linocur and Technolast "waterproofers are recommended to arrange a warm roof. In some modifications, they also perform the functions of the Parobarmer. The laying is made on the surface with the fixed heat insulator by gluing. There are self-adhesive films, but universal building formulations can be used to fix insulators with water repellent effect. In obligatory, the film is closed outside with placams in 20-30 cm increments.

Creating a ventilated clearance

The conclusion of condensate from under roofing space is not only a measure of heat insulator protection. The wooden rafter system is also sensitive to dampness and if you do not consider air circulation channels, then in the first few months of operation you can find foci of the development of fungus and mold. How to make a warm roof with a ventilation gap? The optimal option is to apply the eaves on the atmosphere with perforation. These are special plastic boxes, which are installed along the edges of the skate, forming a buffer zone with air heat transfer. Thus, efficient ventilation of space from the bottom without risk of precipitation will be ensured.

Choosing a warm roof

Roof flooring can have different heating saving quality. The roof in this sense plays a decisive role, but not always in principle you can use tight cover with good sealing. For example, bituminous tile due to its gravity is contraindicated for installation on weak rafting systems of many private houses. The exit will become a multi-level warm roof - the roof, the upper level of which is formed by several technological formations. The first layer of skates can be postponed with a parobarrier, and then the wind and waterproofers will follow. The task of thermal insulation in this part is not the most important, since already mounted back covering will be responsible for the regulation of heat fluxes. In the roofing structure, it is important to ensure protection against physical influences, including wind, precipitation, snow, etc.

Warming overlap

The main barrier in front of the street cold from the top of the house is an inter-storey overlap separating the attic from the lower rooms. This zone provides much more opportunities for insulation. They should be used with maximum benefit. In the very niche of the overlapping of a warm roof, a layer of clay or sawdust can be floated. This bulk thermal insulators, whose advantages include environmental friendliness and affordable cost. However, the ceramzite gives a greater weight load, and sawdust relate to flammable materials and are prone to biological striking. Well, further on the surface of the overlap, a horizontal doom is mounted, in the cells of which the heat-insulating plates are also stacked. If the design allows height, then you can perform a double crate with the location of different insulation fibers crosswise.

Features of flat roof

In this case, accents are made to use bulk thermal insulators and liquid waterproofing. As for the first, it should not be applied by claymzit with sawdust, and special lightweight materials like crumbs of polystyrene foam, foamizol or foam glass. But the main feature is a structural solution - creating a special hatch under roofing over a niche thick 15-20 cm thick. This space is completely covered with an insulator. Outside, the plane design of the warm roof is covered with molten bitumen with the help of a gas burner. Fully hermetic roofing flooring is formed, which will provide hydro and vaporizolation.

Conclusion

In the choice of method of insulation of the roof, it is necessary to focus on a simple rule - a stable moisture removal with maximum heat retention. It is important to observe the balance between the ventilation channels of the warm roof and its sealing. And at each stage should be remembered for the supportive potential of the rafter system. Overloading with additional layers of heat and hydrobarries can shorten the service life of the roof wood design. Therefore, balance is observed in the technical and physical parameters of the selected materials with consumables.

Increasingly, the owners of private houses prefer not to throw money into the wind. And carefully insulate your homes using a variety of materials. A similar approach is characterized by high practicality, since up to 70% of heat leaves from a displeasted house. Warm roofing will help to avoid this, on the ways of mounting which, and the materials used for this, will be discussed in the article.

It is most difficult to choose the insulation for a flat roof. No less difficult is the installation. In this regard, the insulation of a flat roof is performed according to the special rules that are fundamentally different from such work on the pitched roofs. Total moments are observed only in the sequence of placement of the layers of roofing cake. The main difference is that the plane roofs there are no rafting systems, among the elements of which it is possible to place thermal insulation materials.

In addition, the insulation of a flat roofing is complicated and the fact that nothing to whine the crate, thereby forming a ventilation gap that is responsible for carrying out the components of roofing pie. Instead of ventilation channels, it is customary to create peculiar produces. They are mounted by partial glue pie elements to the litter.

The heat roofing device is a mandatory measure, when building flat roofs. The thermal insulation is shuting up when installing systems on the profiled sheet and on the reinforced concrete base. Flat roof insulation is associated with the need to install a vapor insulating layer inside the building. It is designed to protect thermal insulation from domestic vapor. From the outside, the thermal insulation material is protected by waterproofing.

Roofing cake consists of three layers consistently constructed on each other. In the number of traditional components for its arrangement included:

vaporizoation;
thermal insulation;
waterproofing.

Violation of the sequence of installation of layers and the rules of their placement, the depreciation ends for the owners of the houses. They are forced to spend significant amounts for the dismantling and re-arrangement of the cake. Otherwise, the thermal insulation of a flat roof will last long and will work incorrectly.

It is worth paying attention to the fact that the insulation of a flat roof must be performed only in heated rooms. Otherwise, roofing cake includes only one element - waterproofing.

Types of insulated flat roofs

The insulation for flat roofs should be chosen taking into account their species. The apparent simple flat roof can lead to the bewilderment of self-taught masters who want to quickly build protection over their heads. Many will be surprised by those who consider the flat roof by one of the cheap options. If you equip the roof in accordance with all the rules using the required amount of waterproofing insulation and vapor barrier materials, the installation will be covered in a decent amount. In addition, you should not forget about parapets, drainters and other structural elements.

The design of the warm roof does not allow the absence of one or more of the above elements and violations of their installation rules. In this regard, it is necessary to trust the arrangement of the warm roof of experimental specialists. They will probably comply with the technology of insulation of a flat roof and provide a long warranty for the work done.

Installation of a warm roof is possible on two types of similar structures:

Combined or nonsense. Their roofing design is combined with the ceiling. To properly perform insulation, it is necessary to lay the heat insulation with the concomitant materials on top of the base. To the advantages of invoicing roofs, it is possible to consider the absence of the need to consider snow from them. The main disadvantage is that the roof state cannot be checked during operation. Even small damage can lead to leaks;
The first species divided into two subspecies is a combined roof equipped with a slight setting. Warming the roof in such a situation is necessary as described above. The second subspecies of an attic flat roof is characterized by the fact that the attic superstructure is an independent design. Thus, it is necessary to insulate not only the ceiling overlap, but also the roof itself.

A longer service life is distinguished by the attic roofs of the second type. It is no secret that their installation will cost much more expensive, but this is more than paying for a long service life and the lack of the need for private repairs.

Technical nuances of insulation

You can make a warm roof in many ways in many ways, the choice of which is affected by many different circumstances. The main of them should be attributed:

financial capabilities of the host of the house;
required heat insulation characteristics;
carrier ability of overlaps, etc.

Flat roofing cake is equipped with almost any waterproofing and vapor insulation materials. It can also be said about insulation. The device of a flat roof allows the use of the following heat-insulating materials:

ceramzit;
light concrete mixes;
mineral wool;
glass gaming, etc.

To date, the top three of the leading thermal insulation materials for flat roofs includes:

polystyrene foam. Hard material manufactured by pressing and sintering granulated styrene;
Extrusion polystyrene foam. It differs from the usual expanded polystyrene in the fact that in addition to the styrene granules, it contains a foaming substance;
mineral wool. With this, morally obsolete, nevertheless, many builders prefer to work. It is made by melting silicate rocks.

Selection of heat-insulating material for arranging warm roof is necessary only after consulting with specialists in this matter. There are two, in the root of incorrect approaches to the choice of materials. The meaning of the first is to buy the most expensive material. It is worth understanding that it may not be combined with the type of roof, resulting in thermal insulation will be minimal. The second way is the choice of the cheapest material. Practicing a similar approach, it is possible and not at all performing the warming of the roof.

Methods of insulation depending on the type of foundation

The warm roof can be equipped on the bases of the corrugated floor or reinforced concrete. The latter include plates and reinforced ties. The method of insulation is chosen depending on the type of base:

the insulation of the roof having the basis of reinforced concrete slabs is performed using mineral wool. It stacked over the national team or cement-sand reinforced screed. In the manufacture of such work, it should be borne in mind that the density of the insulation material for compression should be no less than the indicator of equal 40 kPa. The permissible deformation of the insulation should not be higher than 10%. If a two-layer system is equipped, the density of the lower tier cannot be less than 30 kPa, and the upper 60 kPa;
installation of a warm roof based on a professional flooring should be carried out with the condition for the arrangement of a two-layer structure. Density indicators inherent in roofing insulation must comply with the above.

If galvanized professional flooring was used for the roof mounting, it is allowed to install a waterproofing layer without conducting preparatory work, during the execution of which the leveling interlayer is established. The need for its presence is due to the fact that the insulation must rely on the profiled sheet of at least 30% of its area. When installing, mechanical fasteners are used at the rate of 2 units on 1 plate. If a concrete slab is the basis of the roof, the fixation of the roofing and thermal insulation material is performed at a time.

When making installation, it should be borne in mind that the roof is far from a homogeneous horizontal area. It contains various vertical structural elements, such as ventilation mines, chimney pipes, etc. When laying insulation next to them, the number of fasteners should be increased.

Rules for laying heat-insulating materials

The rules of laying insulation are directly related to the principle of arrangement of roofing pie. This is due to the fact that the insulation is its most significant and bulk part. The specificity of the warm roofing device is as follows:

installation of plates of thermal insulation material must begin with an angle of the roof located in the low part. If, in the process of building the building, the slope was not provided, it should be placed the first element of thermal insulation at the place of installation of drainage;
the insulation slabs must be put in such a way that their long side is perpendicular to corrugations. This allows you to place fasteners on different ridges;
if the multi-layer system is installed, then the seams of different layers of thermal insulation in no case should match.

The above-described installation rules are tested by time and are observed everywhere. Holding to them, you can achieve the best result. In addition, such insulation technology can significantly reduce the costs of materials.

Methods for fastening the plates of thermal insulation material

Additionally, lists the methods for fastening the heat-insulating material. This moment is quite important, because the fixation is made in accordance with the view of the circular roof. To secure thermal insulation on a flat roof, you can use the following methods:

mechanical. The fixation of thermal insulation is performed using telescopic fasteners;
glue. All elements of the cake of warm roof are glued with bitumen polymer mastic;
ballast. All elements of roofing pie are stacked without using fasteners and fall asleep with gravel, pebbles, etc.

The last method is actively gaining popularity, but when it is used, the technology of laying the heat-insulating material is slightly changed. It is placed on waterproofing. A similar method of creating a warm roof allows you to plant green plantings on it, which looks pretty aesthetic.

The above information is enough to choose the heat-insulating material for a flat roof and equip the warm roof. Of course, this is possible only in the presence of a certain experience of building work.