PC overlap plates Multipurpose. Overall dimensions of reinforced concrete slabs Overlapping slabs Specification according to GOST

Finished floors plates belong to the category of precast concrete products. Widely used when erecting multi-storey houses, road arrangement. In different types of work, the designs of certain dimensions and forms are used. To facilitate design and construction processes, dimensions were shown to a single standard.

Characteristics

The reinforced concrete slabs of overlappings are made of the so-called structural (using large-scale filler) heavy and light concrete mixtures. The main function is carrier.

Their popularity among builders is due to the convenience of laying, fast installation and an acceptable price. However, they have a lot of weight, so the support must be much stronger than the prick. In addition, the concrete structure is not distinguished by water resistance, respectively, it cannot be stored for a long open-air without waterproofing protection.

Produced in 3 types:

1. Solid. Different with high levels of compressive strength, large mass and low sound and thermal insulation properties.

2. Tent in the form of a tray with smoothed ribs. When used from the project, the riglels and similar beam elements are excluded. Allow to simplify the soundproofing and finishing of the surfaces inside the room, raise the ceiling level without wall extension. The dimensions of the reinforced concrete slab overlap of the tent type are dictated by the length and width of the room, the height is standard - 14-16 cm.

3. Empty. This is the most demanded variety of concrete. They are a parallelepiped with longitudinal voids of a tubular nature. Due to its design, considerable loads are considered more durable, withstand significant loads - up to 1250 kg / m 2, sizes are convenient for overlapping spans up to 12 m long, and the form is for laying communications.

Wedding floors plates are marked:

1P - single-layer reinforced concrete product - no more than 12 cm.
2P - similar to the previous one, but the thickness is already 16.
1PC - Multi-back terminal with internal cavities with a diameter of up to 16 cm. Height - up to 22 cm.
2PK is the same with the cross section of voids up to 14.
PB is a void structure thick 22.

Standard overall dimensions of multi-profile overlap panels according to GOST 26434-85 are shown in the table below.

The weight of the finished product comes up to 2500 kg.

The marking plate of the overlap contains complete information: view, sizes, compressive strength. For example, PC 51.15-8 is:

PC is a multi-retained panel with pipe-shaped longitudinal cavities with a diameter of 15.9 cm, height - 22 cm.
51 - Length in DM, that is, 5.1 m.
15 - width in dm - 1.5 m.
8 - the load it will endure. In this case, 800 kgf / m 2.

In addition to the standard, continuous slabs of overlapping from cellular concrete (aerated concrete and others) are available. They are pretty lightweight, withstand minor loads - up to 600 kg, used in low-rise construction. To create a solid connection, manufacturers produce tipped products (spike-grooves).

Installation of prefabricated plates

Before laying, all bases are aligned, if necessary, amplified by a ring reinforced belt from the monolithic reinforced concrete with a width of at least 25 cm, with a thickness of 12 cm. The differences between opposite capital walls should not be more than 1 cm.

The prefabricated bribes are fitted with the help of lifting equipment closely, the gaps are filled with a solution. For connecting to hard monolith, an anchoring method is used.

When installing the plate should be based on the capital wall or the foundation of the panel section of a width of at least 15-20 cm. The slots between the concrete and the interior partition are laid by brick or blocks of light concrete.

The cost of the priest

Due to the fact that the composition of the overlap and dimensions are standardized, the enterprise policy is aimed at preserving a stable price. The average cost of empty panels is shown in the table below.

Name	Parameters, see	Price, ruble
PC 21.10-8	210x100x22	2 800
PC 21.12-8	210x120x22.	3 100
PC 25.10-8	250x100x22.	3 300
PC 25.12-8	250x100x22.	3 700
PC 30.10-8	300x100x22.	3 600
PC 30.12-8	300x120x22.	4 000

GOST 9561-91 contains requirements, mandatory in the manufacture of multi-console reinforced concrete slabs made of lightweight, heavy, dense silicate concrete, designed for overlapping the carrier part of buildings and structures for various purposes. When using plates for the purpose, be sure to guide the instructions of work drawings and additional requirements that are negotiated when ordering structures. GOST 9561-91 is valid from 01/01/92.

GOST 9561-91

Group Ж33

State Standard of the SSR Union

Plates of overlapping reinforced concrete multi-consist for buildings and structures

Technical conditions

ReinForced Concrete Multihollow Panels

for floors in buildings. Specifications.

Date of introduction 1992-01-01

Information details

1. Designed and submitted by the State Committee on Architecture and Urban Planning under the USSR State Committee (State Architecture) and the Central Research and Research and Experimental Institute of Industrial Buildings and Structures (TsNIipromzdania) State Building of the USSR

Developers

L. S. EXler; A. A. Music (the heads of the topic); I. I. Podagov; A. A. Tucunin, Cand. tehn sciences; E. N. Kodysch, Cand. tehn sciences; I. Baranova; V. G. Kramar, Cand. tehn sciences; G. I. Berdichevsky, Dr. Tehn. sciences; V. L. Morozensky, Cand. tehn sciences; Yu. C. Khodosh; B. V. Karabanov, Cand. tehn sciences; V. V. Sedov; E. L. Shakhov; B. N. Petrov; Ya. 3. Gilman; G. V. Turmanidze; N. A. Kapanadze; B. V. Krroshkov; V.I. Pimenova; V. I. Vestechikov

2. Approved and put into effect by the Resolution of the USSR State Committee for Construction and Investments of 20.09.91 No. 5

3. Instead of GOST 9561-76 and GOST 26434-85 in terms of types, basic sizes and parameter of crowded plates

4. Reference regulatory and technical documents

GOST 5781-82.

GOST 6727-80

GOST 7348-81

GOST 8829-85

GOST 10060-87

GOST 10180-90.

GOST 10181.0-81

GOST 10181.3-81

GOST 10884-81

GOST 10922-90.

GOST 12730.0-78

GOST 12730.1-78

GOST 12730.5-84

GOST 13015.0-83

GOST 13015.1-81

GOST 13015.2-81

GOST 13015.4-84

GOST 13840-68

GOST 1762387.

GOST 17624-87

GOST 17625-83

GOST 18105-86

GOST 22362-77

GOST 22690-88.

GOST 22904-78

GOST 23009-78

GOST 23858-79

GOST 25214-82

GOST 25697-83

GOST 25820-83

GOST 26134-84

GOST 26433.0-85

GOST 26433.1-89

GOST 26633-85

TU 14-4-1322-89

This standard applies to reinforced concrete crowd plates (hereinafter referred to as the plates), made of heavy, light and dense silicate concrete and intended for the carrier part of the floors of buildings and structures of various purposes.

Plates are used in accordance with the instructions of the working drawings of the plates and additional requirements, negotiated when ordering these structures.

1. Technical requirements

1.1. Plates should be manufactured in accordance with the requirements of this standard and technological documentation approved by the manufacturer, on working drawings of typical structures (see Appendix 1) or buildings of buildings (structures).

It is allowed to coordinate the manufacturer with the consumer to manufacture plates that are characterized by types and sizes from those given in this standard, subject to the other requirements of this standard.

1.2. Main parameters and dimensions

1.2.1. Plates are divided into types:

1PK - 220 mm thick with round voids with a diameter of 159 mm, designed for support on two sides;

1Pt - the same, for support in three sides;

1PKK - the same, for support in four sides;

2PC - 220 mm thick with round voids with a diameter of 140 mm, designed for support on two sides;

2Pt - the same, for optilation in three sides;

2PKK - the same, for support in four sides;

3PK - 220 mm thick with round voids with a diameter of 127 mm, designed for support on two sides;

3Pt - the same, for support for three parties;

3PKK - the same, for support in four sides;

4PK - a thickness of 260 mm with round voids with a diameter of 159 mm and cutouts in the upper zone on the contour designed to be supported on two sides;

5PC - a thickness of 260 mm with round voids with a diameter of 180 mm, designed to be supported in two sides;

6PC - a thickness of 300 mm with round voids with a diameter of 203 mm, designed to be supported on two sides;

7PC - 160 mm thick with round voids with a diameter of 114 mm, designed for support on two sides;

GHG - 260 mm thick with pear-like voids designed to be supported on two sides;

PB is a thickness of 220 mm, manufactured by continuous molding on long stands and designed to be supported on two sides.

1.2.2. The shape and coordination length and width of the plates (with the exception of PB plates) must correspond to the table below. 1 and damn. 1-3. For buildings (structures) with the calculated seismic of 7 points and is more allowed to produce plates having a form that differs from the specified to the hell. 1-3.

1.2.3. The design length and width of the plates (with the exception of PB plates) should be taken equal to the corresponding coordination size (Table 1), reduced by the value of A (1) (the gap between adjacent plates) or A (2) (the distance between the adjacent plates with between They have a separating element, for example, anti-dismeasic belt, ventilation channels, riglel ribs), or an increased A (3) ribs (for example, for plates based on the thickness of the walls of the staircase of buildings with transverse bearing walls). Values \u200b\u200bA (1), A (2) and A (3) are shown in Table. 2.

1.2.4. The form and sizes of the PB type slabs must correspond to the installed workbits of the plates developed in accordance with the parameters of the molding equipment of the manufacturer of these plates.

Table 1


Drawing number	Coordination Sizes Plates, mm

	From 2400 to 6600 included. with an interval 300, 7200, 7500	1000, 1200, 1500, 1800, 2400, 3000, 3600
		1000, 1200, 1500
	From 3600 to 6600 included. with an interval 300, 7200, 7500
	2400 to 3600 included. with an interval of 300.	From 4800 to 6600 included. with an interval 300, 7200
	From 2400 to 6600 included. with an interval 300, 7200, 9000	1000, 1200, 1500
	6000, 9000, 12000	1000, 1200, 1500
		1000, 1200, 1500
	From 3600 to 6300 included. with an interval of 300.	1000, 1200, 1500, 1800
	6000, 9000, 12000	1000, 1200, 1500

Note. For the length of the plates take:

the size of the side of the plate, which is not based on the supporting structures of the building (facilities) - for plates intended for support on two or three sides;

the smaller plate size in the plan is for plates intended to be based on the contour.

Plates of types 1PK, 2PK, 3PK, 5PK, 6PK, 7PK

Plates of types 1Pt, 2Pt, 3Pt

Plates of types 1PKK, 2PKK, 3PKK

Plate of type 4PK

Plate of type pg.

Notes to hell. 1-3.

1. Plates of types 1Pt, 2Pt, 3PT, 1PKK, 2PKK and 3PKK can have technological sites on all side faces.

2. Methods for enhancing the ends of the plates are shown on damn. 1-3 as an example. It is allowed to use other enhancement methods, including a decrease in the diameter of emptiness through one on both supports without sealing the opposite ends of the voids.

3. Dimensions and shape of the groove along the longitudinal top edge of the plates of types 1PT, 2PT and 3PT (Damn 1B) and on the contour of the plates of type 4PK (Damn 2) are installed in the operating drawings of the plates.

4. In the plates intended for buildings (structures) with the calculated seismicity of 7-9 points, extreme voids may be absent due to the need to install mortgage products or rewards for connections between plates, walls, anti-seismic belts.

table 2


Plate application area	Additional dimensions taken into account when determining the structural size of the plate, mm
		width A (1)

Large-pointed buildings, including buildings with estimated seismicity 7-9 points		10 - for plates of a coordination width of less than 2400. 20 - for plates of a coordination width of 2400 or more
Buildings (structures) with brick walls, stones and blocks, with the exception of buildings (structures) with calculated seismicity 7-9 points
Buildings (facilities) with brick walls, stones and blocks with calculated seismicity 7-9 points
Frame buildings (structures), including buildings (facilities) with calculated seismicity 7-9 points

1.2.5. The voids in the plates designed to be based on two or three sides should be placed in parallel the direction by which the slab length is determined. In the plates designed for the fourth sides, emptiness should be placed in parallel any of the sides of the slab circuit.

The nominal distance between the centers of voids in the plates (with the exception of PG and PB stoves) should be taken at least, mm:

185 -B plates of types 1PK, 1PT, 1PKK, 2PK, 2PK, 2PK, 3PK, 3PK, 3PK and 4PK;

235 -B-type plates of type 5PCs;

233 "" 6PK;

139 "" "7PK.

The distance between the centers of the hollows of PG and PB types of PG and PB is prescribed in accordance with the parameters of the molding equipment of the manufacturer of these plates.

1.2.6. Plates should be made with recesses or grooves on the side of the sidelines for formation after deploying intermittent or continuous knaps, ensuring the joint operation of the slabs of overlapping on the shift in horizontal and vertical directions.

In coordinating the manufacturer with the consumer and the design organization - the author of the project of a specific building (construction) is allowed to manufacture plates without recesses or grooves for the formation of a key.

1.2.7. Plates designed to be based on two or three sides should be made pre-tense. Plates with a thickness of 220 mm, length of less than 4780 mm, with voids of diameters 159 and 140 mm and a plate with a thickness of 260 mm, a length of less than 5,680 mm, as well as a plate with a thickness of 220 mm, of any length, with voids with a diameter of 127 mm are allowed to be made with unprinted reinforcement.

1.2.8. Plates should be made with reinforced ends. The amplification of the ends is achieved by a decrease in the cross-section of the voids on the supports or filling in the voids with concrete or concrete liners (features 1-3). With the calculated load on the ends of the plates in the zone of the wallpaper not exceeding 1.67 MPa (17 kgf kgq / sq. CM), it is allowed to apply the manufacturer with the consumer to supply slabs with non-verte.

Methods for amplification and minimum seal dimensions are installed in operating drawings or indicate when ordering plates.

1.2.9. In cases provided by the working drawings of a particular building (facilities), the plates can have mortgage products, reinforcement, local cuts, holes and other additional structural parts.

1.2.10. For lifting and installing plates, mounting loops or special gripping devices are used, the design of which is established by the manufacturer in coordination with the consumer and the project organization - the author of the project project (facilities). The location and dimensions of the holes in the stoves provided for the damage are taken according to the drawings included in the design documentation of the capture device for these plates.

1.2.11. Consumption indicators of concrete and steel on the plates must comply with these slabs specified in the working drawings, taking into account possible clarifications made by the project organization in the prescribed manner.

1.2.12. Plates apply with regard to their limit of fire resistance specified in the working drawings of the plates.

1.2.13. Plates are marked in accordance with the requirements of GOST 23009. The stove of the plate consists of alphanumeric groups separated by hyphenmi.

In the first group indicate the designation of the type of plate, the length and width of the plate in the decimeters, the values \u200b\u200bof which are rounded to an integer.

In the second group indicate:

calculation load on the plate in kilopascals (kilogram-force per square meter) or the sequence number of the slab on the bearing capacity;

the class has become strained fittings (for pre-stressed plates);

type of concrete (L - light concrete, C is a dense silicate concrete; heavy concrete is not denoted).

In the third group, if necessary, the additional characteristics reflecting the special conditions for the use of plates (for example, their resistance to the effects of aggressive gaseous media, seismic effects), as well as the designations of the structural features of the plates (for example, the presence of additional mortgage products).

An example of a conditional designation (brand) of a plate of type 1PC with a length of 6280 mm, a width of 1490 mm, calculated under the calculated load of 6 kPa, made of lightweight concrete with a strained fittings of the AT-V class:

1PK63.15-6ATVL

The same, made of heavy concrete and intended for use in buildings with a calculated seismicity of 7 points:

1PK63.15-6ATV-C7.

Note. It is allowed to take the designation of stove brands in accordance with the working drawings of the slabs before their revision.

1.3 Characteristics

1.3.1. Plates must satisfy the requirements for strength, rigidity, crack resistance, and when testing them with loading in cases provided by work drawings, withstand control loads.

1.3.2. Plates must meet the requirements of GOST 13015.0:

in terms of the actual strength of concrete (at design age, gear and vacation);

on the frost resistance of concrete, and for plates operated under the conditions of exposure to the aggressive gaseous medium, also on the waterproof of concrete;

in the middle density of light concrete;

to stool stamps for reinforcement and mortgage products, including mounting loops;

on deviations of the thickness of the protective layer of concrete to the reinforcement;

on corrosion protection.

The plates used as the carrier part of the loggia should also meet the additional requirements of GOST 25697.

1.3.3. Plates should be made of heavy concrete according to GOST 26633, structural lightweight concrete of a dense structure of an average density of at least 1400 kg / cubic meters of GOST 25820 or a dense silicate concrete of an average density of at least 1800 kg / cubic meters of GOST 25214 classes or stamps The compression specified in the working drawings of these plates.

1.3.4. Compression efforts (armature tension leave) are transmitted to concrete after they achieve the required transfer strength.

The normalized transfer strength of the concrete of precomproofed plates, depending on the class or brand of concrete, for compressive strength, the type and class of stranded reinforcement steel must comply with these plates specified in the working drawings.

1.3.5. The normalized vacation strength of the concrete of pre-stressed slabs made of heavy or lightweight concrete for a warm period of the year should be equal to the normalized transfer strength of concrete, and the plates with unwired reinforcement are 70% of the concrete strength on the compression corresponding to its class or brand. When delivering these plates during the cold period of the year or to ensure their safety during transportation by rail in the warm season (in agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer of the plates), the normalized vacation strength of the concrete can be increased to 85% of the concrete strength on the compression corresponding to its class or brand .

The normalized vacation strength of concrete plates from a dense silicate concrete should be 100% of concrete strength on compression corresponding to its class or brand.

1.3.6. For reinforcing plates, the reinforcement steel should be applied to the following types and classes:

as a strained fittings - thermomechanically hardened rod classes of AT-IV, AT-V and AT-VI according to GOST 10884 (regardless of the weldability and increased resistance to corrosion cracking of the reinforcement), hot-rolled rod classes A-IV, A-V and A-VI According to GOST 5781, the reinforcement ropes of Class K-7 according to GOST 13840, high-strength wire of the periodic profile of class BP-II according to GOST 7348, wire of class BP-600 for TU 14-4-1322 and Class A-III conductive rod fittings made from reinforcement steel class A-III according to GOST 5781, hardened exhaust with the control of the magnitude of the voltage and limit elongation;

as an unlawable fittings, a hot-rolled rod periodic profile of the A-II, A-III classes and smooth class A-I according to GOST 5781, the wire of the periodic class B-I class, according to GOST 6727 and class BP-600 for TU 14-4-1322.

In the plates made by the methods of continuous unoperable molding on long stands, continuous reinforcement, as well as using high-grade electrothermal tension, high-strength wire fittings according to GOST 7348 and ropes according to GOST 13840 are used.

1.3.7. The shape and dimensions of the reinforcement and mortgage products and their position in the plates must comply with these stoves specified in the working drawings.

1.3.8. Welded reinforcement and mortgage products must comply with the requirements of GOST 10922.

1.3.9. Voltage values \u200b\u200bin strained fittings controlled at the end of its tension to the stops must comply with the plates specified in the working drawings.

The values \u200b\u200bof actual voltage deviations in the strained fittings should not exceed the limit shield specified in the working drawings.

1.3.10. The values \u200b\u200bof real deviations of geometric plates parameters should not exceed the limit specified in Table. 3.

Table 3.


Name of deviation of the geometric parameter	Name geometric parameter
Line-sized deviation	Length and width of the plate: up to 2500 included. sv. 2500 to 4000 included. sv. 4000 to 8000 included. Thickness plate Size determining position: holes and cutouts mortgage products: in plane plate from plane plate
Deviation from the rectinity of the profile of the upper surface of the plate intended for the direct sticker of the linoleum, as well as the profile of the side faces of the plate at length 2000
The deviation from the planeness of the front (ceiling) surface of the plate during measurements from the conditional plane passing through three corner points of the plate length:

* Deviation from the size determining the position of the mortgage product from the upper plane of plates intended for the direct linoleum sticker must only be inside the plate.

1.3.11. Requirements for the quality of concrete surfaces and the appearance of plates (including the requirements for the permissible width of the disclosure of technological cracks) - according to GOST 13015.0 and this standard.

1.3.12. The quality of concrete surfaces of the plates should satisfy the requirements set for categories:

A3 - lower (ceiling);

A7 - top and side.

In coordination of the manufacturer with the consumer, plates can be installed instead of the following categories of surfaces:

A2 - lower (ceiling), prepared under the color;

A4 is the same, prepared under pasting with wallpaper or decorative finish by pasty compositions, and the top, prepared by the linoleum;

A6 is the bottom (ceiling), to which the requirements for the quality of the finish are not presented.

1.3.13. In the concrete plates supplied by the consumer, cracks are not allowed, with the exception of shrinking and other surface technological cracks with a width of no more than 0.3 mm on the top surface of the plates and no more than 0.2 mm on the side and lower plates surfaces.

1.3.14. The exposure of the reinforcement is not allowed, with the exception of the releases of the reinforcement or the ends of the strained reinforcement, which should not appear for the ending plates on more than 10 mm and should be protected by a layer of cement-sand solution or bitumen varnish.

1.4. Marking

Plate marking - according to GOST 13015.2. Marking inscriptions and signs should be applied on the side faces or the upper surface of the plate.

On the upper surface of the plate based on three sides, signs "Opportuning" according to GOST 13015.2, located in the middle of each side of the plates, should be applied.

2. Acceptance

2.1. Acceptance of plates - according to GOST 13015.1 and this standard. At the same time, the plates are taken by results:

periodic tests - in terms of strength, stiffness and crack-resistant plates, frost resistance of concrete, porosity (volume of inter-rigid voids) of a compacted mixture of light concrete, as well as on water resistance of concrete plates intended for operation under the conditions of an aggressive environment;

recommendant tests - in terms of concrete strength (class or concrete brand, by compressive strength, gear ratio and vacation strokes), medium density of light or dense silicate concrete, compliance of reinforcement and mortgage products working drawings, welded strength, precision geometric parameters, protective layer thickness Concrete to reinforcement, the width of the disclosure of technological cracks and the category of concrete surface.

2.2. Periodic tested boards with loading to control their strength, rigidity and crack resistance are carried out before the beginning of their mass production and in the future - when making constructive changes in them and when changing the manufacturing technology, as well as in the process of serial production of plates at least once a year. Testing plates with loading in case of constructive changes in them and when changing manufacturing technology, depending on the creature of these changes, may not be carried out in agreement with the project organization - the developer of workers' drawings.

Tests of plates of 5980 mm long and less in the process of their mass production may not be carried out if non-destructive testing is carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 13015.1.

2.3. Plates in terms of accuracy of geometric parameters, the thickness of the protective layer of concrete to the reinforcement, the width of the operating cracks and the category of the concrete surface should be taken according to the results of the selective control.

2.4. Porosity (volume of inter-rigid voids) of a compacted mixture of light concrete should be determined at least once a month.

2.5. In the document on the quality of plates intended for operation under the impact of aggressive media, it should additionally be a brand of concrete on waterproof (if this indicator is specified in the order for the manufacture of plates).

3. Monitoring methods

3.1. Tests of boards loading to control their strength, rigidity and crack resistance should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 8829 and the work drawings of these plates.

3.2. The strength of concrete plates should be determined according to GOST 10180 on a series of samples made from a concrete mix of the working composition and stored under conditions established by GOST 18105.

When determining the strength of concrete, non-destructive testing methods The actual gear and vacation strength of concrete concrete is determined by the ultrasonic method according to GOST 17624 or mechanical action devices according to GOST 22690. It is allowed to use other non-destructive testing methods provided by standards for concrete test methods.

3.3. Frost resistance of concrete plates should be determined according to GOST 10060 or an ultrasonic method according to GOST 26134 on a series of samples made from a concrete mix of the working composition.

3.4. Waterproof of concrete plates intended for operation under the conditions of an aggressive environment should be determined according to GOST 12730.0 and GOST 12730.5.

3.5. The average density of light and dense silicate concrete should be determined according to GOST 12730.0 and GOST 12730.1 or radioisotope method according to GOST 17623.

3.6. The porosity indicators of the compacted mixture of light concrete should be determined according to GOST 10181.0 and GOST 10181.3.

3.7. Control of welded reinforcement and mortgage products - according to GOST 10922 and GOST 23858.

3.8. The strength of the reinforcement tension controlled at the end of the tension is measured according to GOST 22362.

3.9. The sizes of the plates, deviations from the straightness and flatness of the plates surfaces, the width of the disclosure of the technological cracks, the sizes of the shells, the influx, and the concrete slabs should be addressed by the methods set by GOST 26433.0 and GOST 26433.1.

3.10. The dimensions and position of the reinforcement and mortgage products, as well as the thickness of the protective layer of concrete to the reinforcement, should be determined according to GOST 17625 and GOST 22904. In the absence of necessary devices, cutting down the furrows and expose the plates reinforcement with the subsequent sealing of the furrow. The grooves should be pierced at a distance from ends, not exceeding 0.25 plate lengths.

4 Transportation and storage

4.1. Transportation and storage of plates - according to GOST 13015.4 and this standard.

4.2. Plates should be transported and stored in the stacks laid in a horizontal position.

Specialized vehicles allow the transportation of plates in an inclined or vertical position.

4.3. Plate stack height should not be more than 2.5 m.

4.4. Lining under the lower row of plates and gaskets between them in the stack should be located near the mounting loops.

ATTACHMENT 1

List of sizes and series

Working drawings plates of mass application

Table 4.


	Designation of a series of workers of the stoves


	1.241-1; 1.090.1-1; 1.090.1-2C; 1.090.1-3pv;
	1.141-18C; 1.141.1-25С;

	1.241-1; 1.090.1-1


	1.141-1; 1.141.1-33S.
	1.141-1; 1.141.1-30;
	1.141-1; 1.141.1-33S.
	1.141-18C; 1.141.1-25С;
	1.141-1; 1.141.1-33S.
	1.141-1; 1.141.1-33С; 1.090.1-2C; 1.090.1-3pv;
	1.141-1; 1.141.1-33S.
	1.141-18C; 1.141.1-25С;


	1.141-1; 1.141.1-33S.
	1.141-1; 1.141.1-33S.
	1.141-1; 1.141.1-33С;
	1.141-1; 1.141.1-33S.
	1.141-1; 1.141.1-33S.
	1.141.1; 1.141.1-33С;
	1.141-1; 1.141.1-33S.
	1.141-18C; 1.141.1-25С;





	1,141-1; 1.090.1-1; 1.090.1-2C; 1.090.1-3pv;

	1.141.1-28С; 1.141.1-29


	1.141-1; 1.090.1-1; 1.090.1-2C; 1.090.1-3pv;

	1.141.1-28С; 1.141.1-29
	141; E-600; E-600iv; E600II TsNIIEP housing

	135 KB for reinforced concrete. A. A. Yakushev


	86-3191 / 1 TsNIIEP Trade and Household Buildings and Tourist Complexes


	86-3191 / 1 TsNIIEP Trade and Household Buildings and Tourist Complexes

	86-3191 / 1 TsNIIEP Trade and Household Buildings and Tourist Complexes










	28-87 TsNIipromzdania

Appendix 2.

Scope of plates of various types

Table 5.


Type of plate	Reduced plate thickness, m	The average density of the concrete plate, kg / cubic meters	Length plate, m	Characteristics of buildings (structures)
			Up to 7.2 enable.	Residential buildings in which the required soundproofing of residential premises is provided by the device of empty, floating, intestinal layered floors, as well as single-layer floors by leveling screed
			Up to 9.0 included.
			Up to 7.2 enable.	Residential buildings in which the required soundproofing of residential premises is provided by a device of single-layer floors.
			Up to 6.3 included.	Residential large-scale buildings of the 135 series, in which the required sound insulation of the premises is provided by the device of single-layer floors
			Up to 9.0 included.	Public and production buildings (facilities)



			Up to 7.2 enable.	Residential buildings low-rise and manor type

Appendix 3.

Reference

Terms used in Appendix 2 and their explanations

Table 6.


	Explanation
Single-layer floor	The floor consisting of a coating (linoleum on a heat and sound insulation basis) laid directly on the ceiling plates or on an aligning screed
Single Layer Paul Aligning Screed	The floor consisting of a coating (linoleum on a heat and sound insulation basis) laid on the leveling screed
Hollow floor	Floor consisting of solid coating on lags and soundproofing gaskets laid on the slab
Inwest layered flooring	The floor consisting of solid coating and thin sound insulation layer laid directly on the slab of the overlap or on the leveling screed
Floating floor	The floor consisting of a coating, a rigid base in the form of a monolithic or team screed and a solid sound insulation layer of elastic-soft or bulk materials laid on the slab

The text of the document is drilled by:

official edition

Gosstroy USSR - M: Publishing standards, 1992

Multipustoble reinforced concrete slabs of overlaps are one of the most popular types of concrete, designed to separate the levels of the building and laying bearing structures. Specifications and norms are controlled by GOST 9561-91, the characteristics allow them to use them in any field of construction: from private houses to industrial facilities. The obligatory nuances of applications include the use of lifting equipment for laying and testing supporting abilities. Select the desired series easily, the label includes all the necessary information.

Externally, crowded panels are a rectangular box with proper geometry of walls and ends, with longitudinal reinforcement, round or pear-like internal cavities located with an equal interval. For their production, heavy, light and dense silicate brands of concrete (for carrier systems their strength class is not lower than B22.5). The voids are located in parallel to the main direction along the length (for relying on 2 or 3 sides of the species) or any of the side of the contour for overlap with the Marking of the PAC.

The presence of a frame must, to extend the service life and gain reliability, the entire metal placed inside is treated with anti-corrosion compositions at the production stage. In the panel, supported by 2 or 3 sides, a frame of pre-hard fittings is laid. Depending on the purpose of the ceiling slabs, steel is used by one of the following stamps: seven-level strands with a cross section 6P-7, periodic profile 5VR-II, K-7 ropes, thermally hardened rods of AT-V and other materials corresponding to the standard (Series 1 141.1 - the main A document regulating the process of issuing and verifying product quality).

The main technical characteristics include:

1. Dimensions and weight of structures. Thickness is standard and unchanged (most types - 220 mm), the length varies from 2.4 m to 12, the width - in the range of 1-2.6 m. The exceptions are views based on 4 sides (Marking of the PAC), their dimensions varies from 3 × 4.2 to 3 × 7.2 m, respectively. Middle weight 1 pm With a width of 1 m is 360 kg.

2. Carrying capacity. Depending on the brand of concrete and the intensity of reinforcement, the plates with voids are withstanding from 450 to 1200 kg / m2. The standard value of the most popular series with round holes is 800 kg / m2, if it is necessary to exceed it, the product is made under the order.

3. The limit of fire resistance of crowded panels is 1 hour, if necessary, it increases by increasing armofamocas.

Constructions are valued for reliability, lightweight weight, good strength to bend stretching due to the presence of internal voids, the possibility of hiding communications, resistance to moisture, open fire, biological effects, heat and sound insulation properties, durability. An important advantage is considered high geometric accuracy that simplifies the installation process and subsequent finish.

A type	Actual thickness, mm	Length (maximum, inclusive), m	The thickness of the plates (the ratio of the volume of concrete to the square) mm	Diameter of emptiness, mm	Nominal distance between the centers of emptiness, not less mm
1PK, 1PT, 1PKK	220	7.2 (up to 9 at the plates for production buildings, based exclusively on 2 sides)	120	159	185
2PK, 2Pt, 2PKK		7,2	160	140
3PK, 3PT, 3PKK		6,3		127
4PK	260	9,0		159 *
5PK		12	170	180	235
6PK		12	150	203	233
7PK	160	7,2	90	114	139
PG	260	12	150
PB	220	Depends on molding parameters

* There are additional cuts in the upper zone.

The main standards are width - PC-10, PC-12 and PC-15. All types of holes have a round shape, an exception is PG - plates with a pear-shaped void. Options with labeling PAC is allowed to perform beveled ends.

All the dimensions of reinforced concrete floors with holes inside are unified (including the length of the interval in length), deviations do not exceed 5 mm. The above thickness indicated in the table characterizes the efficiency of the product.

Marking Multi-Public Plate

Standard decoding includes:

1. A digit characterizing the size of the diameter of the internal holes according to GOST 9561-91. Sleeping for 1PCs, in most points there is a simple designation - PC.

2. Type. It is indicated by 2 or 3 letters, contains information on the form of voids, the method of manufacturing and the number of supported parties. Of all the varieties, the method of continuous forming is manufactured by PB.

3. Dimensions of multi-consistency plates of the overlap: the first is the length (the parties not based on the supporting structures), then the width, in DM, rounded to more. Thickness is not specified, this value depends on the type of product. Real dimensions are always less: by 20 mm in length, 10 - in width.

4. Fourth mandatory item is a number reflecting the carrying capacity of the product w / w.

5. Type of reinforcement. May be skipped for unknown frames.

6. Mark of the solution: not indicated for the heavy used in the prevailing share of products. Letter L means the use of light concrete, C - dense silicate.

7. Other, additional characteristics or design features of products. These include resistance to seismic influences or aggressive gases, the presence of mortgage elements.

Sphere and features of application

The main purpose is the organization of a reliable collection of overlap in facilities with supporting walls (during construction is also used). In private and low-rise construction, they are used to bookmark the main floors, the separation of floors and the attic space, the arrangement of single-table roofs in economic buildings, platforms and as a fence. Their carrying ability fully complies with the construction requirements (the standard norm when calculating the weight of people and furniture is 150 kg / m2, the actual value exceeds it at times). Soundproofing characteristics allow you to ensure reliable protection against noise even with a device of single-layer floors.

Long plates (up to 9 m at 1PK, 12 for 4 PCs, 5 PCs, 6 PCs and PGs) are intended for installation in public buildings, the rest are considered universal and recommended for residential buildings, including individual. When choosing sizes, the need to comply with the standard of laying on supports - from 7 to 15 cm, depending on the material of the walls (minimum - on a dense brick, maximum on aerated concrete). When you count on squares, the cost of 1 m2 from overlaps of a width of 1 m is more expensive than that of products with 1.2 or 1.5 m, this is due to the prohibition on their transverse cutting. The use of the PC series is allowed by:

Get a reliable design designed for significant weight loads.
Improve the insulating capacity of the building.
Provide a perfectly smooth overlap horizontal (with proper placing and checking supports).
Improve waterproof, fire safety and acoustic protection of the building.

Cost plates for floors

Series	Bearing capacity, kg / m2	Dimensions (Length × Width × thickness), mm	Weight, kg	Price per 1 pcs, rubles
PC 16.10-8	800	1580 × 990 × 220	520	2 930
PC 20.12-8		1980 × 1190 × 220	750	4 340
PC 30.10-8		2980 × 990 × 220	880	6 000
PC 36.10-8		3580 × 990 × 220	1060	6 410
PC 45.15-8		4480 × 1490 × 220	2120	12 600
PC 60.18-8		5980 × 1780 × 220	3250	13 340
PC 90.15-8		8980 × 1490 × 220	4190	40 760
2PK 21.12-8	800	2080 × 1190 × 220	950	3 800
2PC 62.10-8	800	6180 × 990 × 220	2425	8 730

The laying range of reinforced concrete plates - from the formation of the foundation base under the building of wood (fast assembly), or the branch of the basement from the superior building of the house, before installing the attic overlap at the end of the upper floor. Also, besides ordinary inter-storey overlap, some types of panels are used for the construction of walls.

Plates when flooding floors are capable not only to take and distribute large loads (weight of internal partitions, equipment, furniture, people), but also serve as a reliable element of stiffness in the design of the whole building.

Products are made of heavy concrete and besides high strength and fire resistance, it has high indicators of water and frost resistance, as well as noise insulation. The upper and lower smooth surfaces of the product are respectively served by floor and ceiling and require minimal interior decoration.

There are several varieties of this building element. Its selection depends on the properties and characteristics of the slab, the area of \u200b\u200bits use and economic calculation necessary in each case.

Types of plates (classification)

By the structural structure, reinforced concrete plates are 3 species:

hollow;
solid (full);
ribbed.

Hollow plates

In private construction, extractive plates are most often used. Longitudinal round voids facilitate the weight of the slab, increase its thermal insulation characteristics and allow you to hide the wires of internal wiring of engineering communications.

In view of the popularity and widespread use of overlaps with longitudinal voids, their production is gradually expanding and modernized, adapting to the emergence of new materials and construction technologies. I must say that the form of voids can now be not only round, but also oval, and vertical.

There are several stamps or types of plates with longitudinal voids:

PC

Widely used since Soviet times - made of heavy concrete, have inside round emptiness with a diameter of 140 or 159 mm, Standard height of 220 mm and mounting loops. Which after laying overlaps serve as an additional mortgage detail for fastening the plates with each other by anchors, by means of welding.

As a rule, in private low-rise construction, it is not required to fasten the plates with each other after laying.

SFO (Lightweight)

After some time, such upgrades of these structures appeared. Products have a smaller thickness (160 mm) and weight. Wherein reinforced by a special method and thicker reinforcement, it withstands the same loads Like a PC plate.

The use of lightweight products is considered more economical compared to PC plates at once in several parameters:

a smaller load on the foundation is transmitted from the weight of lightweight overlap, and the materials are saved accordingly when building the base of the building;
the plates themselves are slightly cheaper than traditional PCs due to the smaller consumption of material on their manufacture;
transportation costs are reduced during transportation - more reinforced concrete products are installed on the transport unit with the same volume and weight as when loading PC plates.

Attention!

If the factory sealing of the ends of the holes is not produced in the purchased stoves, it is necessary to produce it on the site of construction work - pour with concrete solution (M200 brand) in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Oppulating.

This product is made only from heavy concrete.

Stand panels (PB or PPS)

Reinforced concrete products of the last generation. Products are manufactured at special stands of various width by non-blank molding. This allows you to produce products, the length of which is not tied to the GOST standards. That is, the stove is cut at the production stand for spans, according to an individual project, in a step of just 10 cm. The height of the structure can also vary from 160 to 300 mm, depending on the required length.

The high brand of concrete (M400 - M550) and the laying of pre-stressed lower layers of reinforcement provide high design strength in all dimensional variants. The only minus of this product can be considered a higher cost compared to PC plates.

It is the bench panels that can be mounted and vertical - to build walls of frame houses.

Attention!

In production, if the short size plate is spawn on the bench, then due to excessive compression of pre-stressed fittings, the design can be abandoned (the middle up). This defect is easy to notice with visual inspection, in a stack among other products. And although such cases are quite rare, especially in good manufacturers, and before certain values, such a deflection is not considered a marriage, when buying it is worth paying attention to it.

Other types of plates

Solid single-layer (1P, 2P) - Most often used in private construction for mounting the ceiling overlap. Macked from cellular concrete - 120 thickness, and from heavy - 160 mm thick.
Monolithic - If for some reason, standard production plates are not suitable for the project, you can produce yourself. This is quite simple, but a long and laborious process, it is justified by the possibility of use with a wide variety of forms of coverage area. The installation of beams, formwork and reinforcement grid will be required. The fill with concrete (not lower than the M200 brand) is maintained in the formwork laid 28 days - until the complete set of design strength. It is believed that monolithic structures are the largest carrier ability if the brand N. was applied during their fill.
Ribbed - their constructive feature in the distribution of thickening and thinner elements in accordance with the load on compression and stretching. Due to this, high strength and bearing plate ability is achieved. The main application is in industrial construction and when installing the base in highlights. But sometimes such plates are found as overlapping garages. In housing construction does not apply due to uncomfortable to finishing the shape of the lower part, having a concave hollow configuration and transverse ribs.

Ribbed slabs overlap

Differences of PC and PB plates

If you choose on hollow plates, let's in more detail. consider the differences between traditional PC plates and bench panels with non-blank molding PB.

For convenience, the data are shown in the table:

PC and though		PB or PPS
	Thickness
PC - 220 mm, lightweight - 160 mm		from 160 to 300 mm
	Length
PC - up to 7.2, sometimes up to 9 m, SFO - up to 6.3 meters, with a step determined by each manufacturer individually		The maximum length is 12 m, it depends constructively on the size of the height of the panel. The slabs in length are cut under the order, with a step of 10 cm.
	Width
1.00; 1.20; 1.50 and 1.80 m		More often the stands are 1.2 m, less often - 1.00 and 1.50 m

Basically - typical - 800 kgf / m2, but maybe the individual manufacturer with a load of 1250		In addition to typical load 800, plates are made with a load from 300 to 1600 kgf / m2
	Armature
The lower layer of reinforcement is subjected to pre-voltage only in plates from 4.2 m long. In shorter products, simple grid reinforcement is performed.		The valve is subjected to preliminary voltage in products of any length.
	Smoothness
Due to the long service life and wear of the equipment, the surface of the concrete, as a rule, does not have the desired smoothness.		The newest stands and smoothing by an extruder provide a smoother, attractive surface, but some minor exceptions are allowed.
	Brand concrete
M200 - M400.		M400 - M550
	Ends holes
Mandatory sealing ends of holes		Not required, due to the strength of the brand of concrete

Calculation of the number of plates and size for a private house

If the construction of private house-building is carried out according to the approved project, the sizes and number of plates are pre-calculated by engineers when developing this order. In general, such calculations are made on the principle "Fit" planning walls under the size of the plates, and not the opposite. But in private construction it happens anything. And if the walls are already planned or even ready and waiting for overlapping, then you need to calculate their quantities and sizes, given the specific rules:

the length of the plate is equal to the distance between the carrier walls plus the width of the Plate Place Plate on the wall (beam);
the width of the plate is selected at the rate of how many pieces of the range of your chosen range will block the transverse distance between the main walls (partitions are not taken into account). The long side of the hollow slab is placed in bulk to the nonsense walls, or impose a mustache no more than 100 mm (to the first void). Look more in the article about;
if a small gap remains between the plates or there is a small portion of the room that does not fit into the configuration, it can be "close" by partial monolithic fill, using formwork and reinforcement;

Products of "non-indoor" sizes are better to order in advance, since the expectation of their manufacture leaves more time than on the production of typical structures.

Attention!

In winter, the slabs of the overlap are noticeably cheaper. But the site under their unloading must be prepared and loss in autumn. You will also have to order a tractor for the cleaning of snow on the site and, possibly, on the driveway. But in the end there will still be savings.

Standard sizes plates

Still, if possible, it is better to use the stoves of standard sizes, since their acquisition is much cheaper and takes less time.

At the factories, the dimensional series of the last generation of products will be somewhat different, but there are dimensional restrictions, generally accepted by standards and the:

Type of plate	Length (m)	Width (m)
PC, round voids with a diameter of 140 mm	1,8 / 2,4 / 3,0 / 6,0	from 1.2 All sizes are multiple 0.3 m
PC, Round Empties with a diameter of 159 mm and Plates of PB.	2,4 / 3,0 / 3,6 / 4,2 / 4,8 / 5,1 / 6,0 / 6,3 / 6,6 / 7,2 sometimes 9.0	from 1.0 and then all sizes are multiple 0.3 m
PNO Height 160 mm	from 1.6 to 6.3, it happens 9.0	0,64 / 0,84 / 1,0 / 1,2 / 1,5
PPS	from 3 to 12, in increments of 0.1 m	1,0 / 1,2 / 1,5
solid height 120 mm	3,0 / 3,6	4,8 / 5,4 / 6,0 / 6,6
solid height 160 mm	2,4 / 3,0 / 3,6	2,4 / 3,0 / 3,6 / 4,8 / 5,4 / 6,0
ribbed, height 30 mm	6,0	1,5

Weight

Board weight is important to know when calculating structures. But this is the concern of the designer, which is the project to the house. Private developer is useful to know the mass of the plates when delivering them to the object and installation.

In the first case, it is necessary to choose a carrying capacity of transport. Most likely, two cars will be needed for delivery.

For mounting plates, the lifting crane is used, when ordering which you also ask for weight and sizes of plates. Each crane has its own load capacity. Since the weight range of the slabs is ranging from 960-4800 kg, then the 5-toner is enough in any case.

Depending on the concrete used, the mass of the standard hollow plate 6x1.5 m varies from 2.8 to 3.0 tons.

Since in private construction, the most common plates with a thickness of 160 mm and 220 mm, we will give their weight to the temporal meter for the width of the plate 1500 mm:

Here are another mass of some standard plates:

Plate marking

According to GOST, all kinds of plates have their own standards. Their compliance is necessary when designing objects and in assembly calculations. On each plate there is a marking - a special encrypted inscription, reflecting not only the overall dimensions of the product, but also its main strength and design characteristics. Having understood with the values \u200b\u200bof one brand of plates, you can easily read the rest, regardless of whether the size of the plate or is made according to individual order.

The first letters in the specification denote the type of construction (PC, PNO, PB, PPP). Further, through the hyphen, the magnitude of the length and width is being transferred (in decimeters, rounded to an integer), and again through the hyphen - the maximum allowable weight load on the design, in the centners on m 2, without taking into account its own weight (only partition weight, interior decoration, furniture , equipment, people). At the end, an alphabetic addition, denoting additional reinforcement and type of concrete (T - heavy, L - light, I - cellular)

Consider an example and produce labeling. Plate specification PC-60-15-8TVT. Means:

PC - stove with round voids;
60 - length 6 m (60 dm);
15 - width 1.5 m (15 dm);
8 - mechanically you can load the design up to 800 kg per m 2;
ATV - Presence of additional reinforcement (class ATV)
t - made of heavy concrete.

The height of the product is not specified, because refers to the standard value of this product (220 mm).

Also letters in marking inform:

PC - typical stove with round voids,
NV - reinforcement single-row;
NKV - reinforcement two-row;
4NVK - reinforcement four-row.

Useful video

The representative of one of the factories talks about the size of the products:

This article is an introductory and gives a general overview of reinforced concrete floors. Considering the impressive weight of the structures, the engineering calculation of the foundations and bearing walls is desirable, taking into account the laid strength of strength.


Plates of overlapping Multiplass GOST 9561-91
Name	Dimensions (DHSHV, mm)	volume, m3	Mass, T.	Price per unit. with VAT, rub.
PC 24-12-8 atv t	2380x1190x220	0,36	0,9	4306
PC 27-12-8 atv t	2680x1190x220	0,40	1,01	4799
PC 30-12-8 atv t	2980x1190x220	0,44	1,11	5429
PC 33-12-8 atv t	3280x1190x220.	0,49	1,22	5934
PC 36-12-8 atv t	3580x1190x220.	0,53	1,32	6439
PC 39-12-8 atv t	3880x1190x220	0,57	1,42	6944
PC 42-12-8 ATV T	4180x1190x220	0,61	1,53	7383
PC 45-12-8 atv t	4480x1190x220	0,65	1,62	7532
PC 48-12-8 ATV T	4780x1190x220.	0,69	1,73	8004
PC 51-12-8 atv t	5080x1190x220	0,73	1,83	8474
PC 54-12-8 atv t	5380x1190x220	0,78	1,95	8910
PC 57-12-8 ATV T	5680x1190x220.	0,82	2,05	9347
PC 60-12-8 atv t	5980x1190x220	0,86	2,15	9886
PC 63-12-8 ATV T	6280x1190x220	0,90	2,25	10421
PC 72-12-8 atv t	7180x1190x220	1,01	2,53	13405
PC 24-15-8 atv t	2380x1490x220	0,50	1,25	4774
PC 27-15-8 atv t	2680x1490x220	0,55	1,38	5397
PC 30-15-8 atv t	2980x1490x220	0,60	1,52	5916
PC 33-15-8 ATV T	3280x1490x220	0,65	1,61	6642
PC 36-15-8 atv t	3580x1490x220	0,70	1,75	7265
PC 39-15-8 atv t	3880x1490x220	0,74	1,85	7784
PC 42-15-8 atv t	4180x1490x220	0,80	2,02	8407
PC 45-15-8 atv t	4480x1490x220	0,88	2,2	8834
PC 48-15-8 ATV T	4780x1490x220.	0,94	2,35	9437
PC 51-15-8 atv t	5080x1490x220	0,99	2,48	9861
PC 54-15-8 atv t	5380x1490x220.	1,05	2,63	10427
PC 57-15-8 atv t	5680x1490x220	1,10	2,75	11010
PC 60-15-8 atv t	5980x1490x220	1,14	2,85	11744
PC 63-15-8 ATV T	6280x1490x220	1,19	2,98	12343
PC 72-15-8 ATV T	7180x1490x220.	1,34	3,35	16734

Overlapping plates Multipurope concrete reinforced concrete are used in the construction of the supporting structures of buildings and structures. Empties inside the plates are designed for improved sound insulation and reduced mass of construction. The upper side of the ceiling slabs will be the base of the floor, and the lower side will be a ceiling. Cultural ceiling plates are used in the individual construction of houses, in the construction of residential and industrial multi-storey buildings.

On the outer form, the ceiling slabs are divided into flat and ribbed. Flat plates in turn are crowded and solid. Our company is released multi-Public Plates Overlap PC. The diameter of round emptiness is 159mm, the stove thickness is also standard and is 220 mm. These plates are designed for laying over the bearing walls with support in two end sides.

Multipurb plates are able to withstand huge loads, but it is worth considering the storage of these products with particular attention. To store plates, it is necessary to prepare a smooth surface in advance, pour and catch the sand pillow. Never put the plates directly on the soil. At the edges at the bottom of each plate, it is necessary to put wooden bars. Brucks should be two, at a distance from each of the edges somewhere 25-45 cm. Under the middle part of the plates of bars, it is categorically not recommended for the bars in order to avoid cracks, break. The stacking of multi-duct plates of overlapping is allowed into a stack of not more than 2.5 meters high.

Overlapping slabs are smoothly and without drops. To do this, it is necessary to achieve position in one horizontal plane of all the upper rows of bearing walls. Before laying crowded plates on the walls made from blocks (foam concrete, aerated concrete, slagoblock), it is necessary to make a reinforced concrete belt in advance. Its thickness should be within 15-25 cm. When mounting crowded plates, the holes are closed in them. It can be done in advance when plates are stacked on Earth. Laying hollow plates is made on a thick solution. The layer of the solution should not exceed 2 cm.

The solution is applied over brickwork. It is done in order to overlap the slit if there are differentials, as well as for better fitting plates. The solution is collected in 15-20 minutes, in this period of time you can move the slab to equalize its position relative to the walls. In order to avoid solidification of the solution, it is applied immediately before the lifting plate of the overlap. Raise wetting plates for mounting loops. After they laid and leveled the first slab, start assembling the subsequent. The slots in the compound places close up by mounting foam and cement milk.