Transportation of dangerous goods: Basic rules. Safe transportation of combustible and explosive substances, liquids and gases Rules for transportation of flammable liquids

6.3. Flammable liquids

6.3.1. Liquids are considered flammable liquids, the pressure of the vapor of which at a temperature of +50 degrees. C is no more than 300 kPa (3 bars), and the flash temperature is not more than 100 degrees. FROM.
6.3.2. The flammable liquids from the number of reassembly (ethers and some heterocyclic oxygen substances) are allowed for transportation if the peroxide content in them does not exceed 0.3%.
6.3.3. Pharmaceutical, moskal, perfume products and other mixtures containing combustible substances belong to dangerous goods if the temperature of the outbreak of these mixtures is below 100 degrees. FROM.

6.4. Flammable substances

6.4.1. Substances that excrete flammable gases in contact with water should be transported in a sealed container on a closed body vehicle. In the commodity and transport invoice for the transport of flammable substance, the mark "lights up from water" is necessarily made.
6.4.2. The flammable substances depending on the type are packaged: sodium metallic and other alkali metals are packaged into hermetically clogged iron cans filled with low-viscosity mineral oil or kerosene, weighing up to 10 kg and in iron barrels weighing up to 100 kg; White and yellow phosphorus is transported in water in metal sealed banks, which are packaged in wooden boxes; Red phosphorus is packaged hermetically in metal jars of type 1 or 3 - GOST 5044-79 "Steel drums thin-walled for chemical products. Technical conditions "(standard CEV 3697 - 82). Weight cans no more than 16 kg. The tightness of the cans is achieved by the use of laying materials. Outside, the cans are coated with anti-corrosion coating; Banks for transportation are packaged in wooden boxes or plywood drums. The total weight of one cargo place is allowed not more than 95 kg; Film, X-ray film and other similar cargoes are transported in metal boxes laid in metal boxes, total packaging weight up to 50 kg; Calcium carbide and other similar cargo are packaged in iron drums. The weight of the packaging should be no more than 100 kg; Ammonium nitrate, Nitrin Acid, urea nitric acid, Trinitrobenzene, Trinitrobenzoic acid or trinitrogenoloolet, wet with water content of at least 10% or Picromat Cyrcé, moist with a content of at least 20% water, is transported in a glass container. The weight of the cargo in one pack should be no more than 1 kg. For transportation, glass containers are packaged in wooden boxes.
6.4.3. Sulfur and naphthalene in molten state can be transported in vehicles - tanks.
6.4.4. The tanks used for the carriage of molten sulfur or naphthalene should be made of sheet steel with a thickness of at least 6 mm or aluminum alloys with the same mechanical strength, and have: thermal insulation to maintain the temperature inside the tank at the walls of at least 70 degrees. C; The valve opening inside or out under pressure from 0.2 to 0.3 kg / kV. See the valves on the tank used to transport molten sulfur or naphthalene, may not be if the tank is calculated for the working pressure of 2 kg / kV. cm.

6.5. Oxidizing substances and organic peroxide

6.5.1. Oxidizing substances and organic peroxide can be transported in standard factory packaging.
6.5.2. When loading - unloading and transporting oxidizing substances and organic peroxides to avoid self-burning, fire or explosion, it is necessary to avoid clogging or mixing with wood sawdust, straw, coal, peat, flour dust and other organic substances.
6.5.3. When loading, unloading and transporting easily decomposing peroxides, the following temperature should be ensured: technical pure dioctanoyl and dicapillary peroxide - not higher than +10 degrees. C; Acetyl-cyclohexanesulfonil - -10 degrees. C; Diisopropyl peroxidicarbonate - +20 degrees. C; Perfate treadtila - -10 degrees. C; With a phlegmatizer - +2 degrees. C; with solvent - -5 degrees. C; peroxide 3,5; 5-trimethylinessanoil in a solution with a moderator (20%) - 0 degrees. C; Technically pure bis-deanna peroxide - +20 degrees. C; Technically pure peroxy perhersion - 0 degrees. C; Technically pure per-2-ethylgensanoate Boutila - +20 degrees. C; Bis-ethyl-2-gene peroxidicarbonate with a retarder or solvent (55%) - 10 degrees. C; Periestitut of tertiary butyl with solvent (25%) - +10 degrees. C;
6.5.4. Cars - vans with an isothermal body used for the transport of organic peroxides must meet the following requirements: ensure temperature regime in accordance with clause 6.5.3, regardless of the ambient temperature; Protect the driver's cab by penetrating the vapors of translated steams; ensure control over the temperature state of transported goods from the driver's cab; have appropriate ventilation that does not cause a violation of the specified temperature mode; The used cooling substances must be non-flammable. It is not allowed to use liquid oxygen or air to cool. When using cars (trailers) - refrigerators for the transportation of organic peroxides, their refrigeration unit should work regardless of the engine operation of the car.
6.5.5. When transporting easily decaying peroxide for short distances, the use of special safety packages with refrigeration reagents, providing maintaining the necessary temperature regime for the entire time spent on the transportation and execution of loading and unloading operations. 6.5.6. Before loading the oxidizing substances and organic peroxides of the vehicle body must be carefully cleaned of dust and residues of the goods previously transported in them.

6.6. Poisonous and infectious substances

6.6.1. Poisonous substances are accepted for transportation on road transport in factory packaging.
6.6.2. Transportation of particularly dangerous toxic and infectious substances is made with armed guards. It is allowed to have non-equipped protection only with intracity transport.
6.6.3. Transportation of sinyl acid in the summer (April - October) is made in compliance with the protection measures of freight places from the effects of sun rays. When covering carpal freight, it should be located at an altitude of at least 20 cm above the cargo cargo.
6.6.4. Loading - unloading work with poisonous substances are made with reliable protection, excluding admission to the clause (unloading) of unauthorized persons. 6.6.5. Transportation of infectious substances listed in Appendix 7.1 is made in compliance with the following requirements: the presence of ventilation of closed bodies; Preliminary treatment of vehicle body with disinfecting solutions and deodorants that destroy unpleasant odors. In winter, the transportation of infectious substances in open bodies is allowed.

6.7. Radioactive substances

6.7.1. Transportation of radioactive substances is carried out in accordance with the requirements of these Rules and Rules of the OPBZ-83 (OBBS - 94) and PBTRV-73 (PBTRV-94), and in the event of international transport - the IAEA rules.
6.7.2. The nomenclature of radioactive substances is established by safety rules when transporting radioactive substances (PBTRV-73 (PBTRV-94)).

6.8. Core and corrosive substances

6.8.1. When transporting a lead slag containing sulfuric acid, the body of the vehicle from the inside should be covered by a layer of cardboard impregnated with paraffin or tar, and during the transport of said cargo under tarpaullet, its immediate contact with the cargo is not allowed.
6.8.2. Vehicles intended for the transport of caustic and corrosive substances should be cleaned of combustible residues (straw, hay, paper, etc.).
6.8.3. In the production of loading and unloading works with acids to protect the service personnel, the following means apply: anti-acid apron; Sukonny suit; latex gloves; Glasses or mask. Working with acids in cotton cloth clothes without its acid impregnation is prohibited.
6.8.4. In the production of loading and unloading works with alkalis, the same protective facilities are used as when working with acid, and suit with an acidic impregnation.

6.9. Substances with relatively low danger during transportation

6.9.1. To substances with relatively low danger during transportation include: combustible substances and materials (ethers, petroleum products, sulfur colloid, dinitrohyresolate ammonium, cake, fish flour, resin, wood chips, cotton); substances that are caustic and corrosion under certain conditions (oxidizing agents, lime smaller, sodium and potassium sulphides, ammonium salts); weathered substances (pesticides, isocyanites, dyes, technical oils, copper compounds, ammonium carbonate, seeds and fruit poisonous, anode mass); Aerosols.
6.9.2. The substances listed in paragraph 6.9.1 are transported in accordance with the general requirements of these Rules without the use of a danger information system.

7. Appendices

Appendix 7,1
Classification of dangerous goods by nature and degree of danger
Class 1. - explosive materials that can explode in their properties, cause a fire with explosive action, as well as devices containing explosives and explosion tools intended for the production of pyrotechnic effect; Subclass 1.1 - explosive and pyrotechnic substances and products with the danger of an explosion mass when the explosion instantly covers the entire cargo; subclass 1,2 - explosive and pyrotechnic substances and products that are not exploding; subclass of 1.3 - explosive and pyrotechnic substances and products with the danger of sunbathing with an insignificant explosive effect or without it; subclass 1.4 - explosive and pyrotechnic substances and products representing a minor danger of an explosion during transport only in case of ignition or initiation that do not allow the destruction of devices and packages; subclass of 1.5 - explosives with the danger of an explosion of the mass, which are so insensitive that when transporting initiation or transition from burning to detonation is unlikely; The subclass of 1.6 - products containing extremely insensitive substances that are unintended to the detonation that do not explode mass and characterized by the low probability of randomly initiation. Note. Explosive mixtures of gases, vapors and dust are not considered as explosives.
Class 2. - Compressed gases, liquefied with cooling and dissolved under pressure, corresponding to at least one of the following conditions: the absolute pressure of vapors at a temperature of 50 degrees. C is equal to or above 3 kgf / kV. cm (300 kPa); Critical temperature below 50 degrees. C. In the physical state of the gases are divided into: compressed, the critical temperature of which is lower than -10 degrees. C; liquefied, the critical temperature of which is equal to or above -10 degrees. C, but below 70 degrees. C; liquefied, the critical temperature of which is equal to or above 70 degrees. C; dissolved under pressure; liquefied with supercooling; aerosols and compressed gases that fall under special regulations; subclass 2.1 - non-flammable gases; subclass 2,2 - non-flammable poisonous gases; subclass 2.3 - flammable gases; subclass 2.4 - flammable poisonous gases; subclass 2.5 - chemically unstable; Subclass 2.6 - chemically unstable poisonous.
Class 3. - flammable liquids, mixtures of liquids, as well as liquids containing solids in solution or suspension, which highlight flammable pairs having a flash point in a closed crucible 61 degrees. C and below; The subclass 3.1 is the flammable fluids with a low flare and liquid temperature having a flash point in a closed crucible below minus 18 degrees. With or having an outbreak temperature in combination with other hazardous properties, except for flammability; Subclass 3.2 - flammable liquids with an average flash point - fluid with a flash point in a closed crucible from minus 18 to plus 23 degrees. C; The subclass of 3.3 - flammable fluids with a high flare point - fluid with a flash point of from 23 to 61 degrees. C inclusive in the closed crucible.
Class 4. - flammable substances and materials (except classified as explosives), capable of lighting up of external inflammation sources, as a result of friction, moisture absorption, spontaneous chemical transformations, as well as when heated; subclass 4.1 - flammable solids that can easily ignite from the short-term impact of external inflammation sources (sparks, flames or friction) and actively burn; subclass 4.2 - self-flameable substances that in normal transportation conditions can spontaneously heat and ignite; The subclass of 4.3 is substances that excrete flammable gases when interacting with water.
Class 5. - oxidizing substances and organic peroxides, which are able to easily select oxygen, maintain burning, and can also, in appropriate conditions or in a mixture with other substances, cause self-ignition and explosion; The subclass of 5.1 is the oxidizing agents that themselves are not combustible, but contribute to the light flammability of other substances and excrete oxygen during burning, thereby increasing the intensity of fire; The subclass 5.2 is organic peroxides, which, in most cases, combustion can act as oxidizing substances and it is dangerous to interact with other substances. Many of them easily light up and are sensitive to impact and friction.
Class 6. - poisonous and infectious substances capable of causeing death, poisoning or disease when entering the body or when contact with leather and mucous membrane; subclass 6.1 - poisonous (toxic) substances that can cause poisoning when inhalation (vapor, dust), ingestion or contact with skin; Subclass 6.2 - substances and materials containing pathogenic microorganisms dangerous for people and animals.
Class 7. - Radioactive substances with specific activity of more than 70 kbq / kg (2 Nc / g).
Class 8. - caustic and corrosive substances that cause damage to the skin, damage to the mucous membranes of the eyes and respiratory tract, corrosion of metals and damage to vehicles, structures or goods, and can also cause a fire when interacting with organic materials or some chemicals; subclass 8.1 - acids; subclass 8.2 - alkali; Subclass 8.3 - different caustic and corrosive substances.
Class 9. - substances with a relatively low danger in transportation, not related to any of the previous classes, but requiring applications of certain rules for transportation and storage; The subclass 9.1 is solid and liquid combustible substances and materials that do not belong to the 3rd and 4th classes according to their properties, but under certain conditions can be hazardous in the fireplace (combustible fluids with a flash point from +61 degrees. C to +100 degrees. C in a closed vessel, fibers and other similar materials); The subclass of 9.2 is substances that become caustic and corrosion under certain conditions.

Appendix 7,2
List of groups of "especially dangerous goods" According to GOST 19433-88
1. Class 1 explosives, except subclass 1,4; 1.5 and 1.6;
2. Class 7 radioactive substances;
3. Non-flammable non-chipped gases oxidizing;
4. Poisonous gases oxidizing;
5. Poisonous gases oxidizing, caustic and (or) corrosion;
6. The flammable fluids with a flash point less minus 18 degrees. C poisonous;
7. The flammable fluids with a flash point less minus 18 degrees. C caustic and (or) corrosion;
8. Flammable fluids with a flash point from minus 18 degrees. C to plus 23 degrees. C caustic and (or) corrosion;
9. Flammable fluids with a flash point from minus 18 degrees. C to plus 23 degrees. C poisonous, caustic and (or) corrosion;
10. Flammable solids caustic and (or) corrosion;
11. Flammable solids self-discharge at a temperature of not more than 50 degrees. C with the danger of packaging breaks;
12. Self-turning solids toxic;
13. Self-turning solids caustic and (or) corrosion;
14. Substances excreasing combustible gases when interacting with water, flammable;
15. Substances separating combustible gases when interacting with water, self-turning and poisonous;
16. Substances excreasing combustible gases when interacting with water, flammable, caustic and (or) corrosion;
17. Oxidizing substances poisonous, caustic and (or) corrosion;
18. Organic peroxides are explosive, self-refined at a temperature of not more than 50 degrees. C;
19. Organic peroxides self-discharge at a temperature of more than 50 degrees. C;
20. Organic peroxides explosive;
21. Organic peroxides without an additional type of danger;
22. Organic peroxides caustic eye;
23. Organic peroxides flammable;
24. Organic peroxides flammable, caustic eye;
25. Poisonous substances, volatile without an additional kind of danger;
26. Poisonous substances, volatile flammable, with an outbreak temperature of no more than 23 degrees. C;
27. Poisonous substances, volatile flammable, with an outbreak temperature, more than 23 degrees. C, but not more than 61 degrees. C;
28. Poisonous substances, volatile and (or) corrosion;
29. Caustic and (or) corrosion, having acid properties, poisonous and oxidizing;
30. Caustic and (or) corrosion, with acidic properties, oxidizing;
31. Caustic and (or) corrosion, with acidic properties, poisonous;
32. Core and (or) corrosion, possessing basic properties, flammable, with a flash point of 23 degrees. C to 61 degrees. C;
33. Caustic and (or) corrosion, possessing the main properties, oxidizing;
34. Caustic and (or) corrosion different, poisonous and oxidizing;
35. Essential and (or) corrosion different, flammable, with a flash point of not more than 23 degrees. C;
36. Caustic and (or) corrosion different, flammable, with a flash point of 24 degrees. C to 61 degrees. C;
37. Caustic and (or) corrosion different, poisonous.

The rules for the transport of dangerous goods by road are mandatory for all people, it does not matter, they work in large industrial companies or behave as individual entrepreneurs. The rules equally relate to transport by the Republic of Kazakhstan both by public roads and according to private owners both in urban areas and streets and in rural land. Dangerous cargo is a threat regardless of which their car is lucky, so the rules concern all cars.

Transportation of dangerous goods is strictly regulated by law

There are exceptions in any rules: they do not apply to cars carrying hazardous substances on the territory of their manufacturers and consumers, as well as cars belonging to military and internal affairs bodies. However, the knowledge of the rules of movement of substances, ready to explode or light up at the slightest violation of the norms, it will be worth it even for those who fall under exceptions.

What is dangerous goods

Dangerous goods are all goods whether substances, gases or solid materials that carry a potential danger during transportation for people, their property and for the environment. The list of substances is grouped by hazard classes, and there are nine. Security requirements include cargo marking with special identifiable signs, thanks to which motorists can from afar to find out how dangerous substances are driving a car.

Explosive materials

The first class of danger combines materials and substances that can challenge or explode, as well as various devices cause explosions. Examples of such materials - Trotil and nitroglycerin. The class has six subclasses: the most dangerous for people and the environment, subclasses from 1.1 to 1.3. Substances ranked with subclasses from 1.4 to 1.6 are less inclined to explode "on the level place", but still dangerous - the order of treatment with explosive materials should not be violated during the trip it does not matter to which subclass belongs to the product. All first-class materials require special caution in circulation: an explosion or fire can provoke sparks, an increase in temperature or inaccurate transportation.

1. The substances of this subclass are able to explode mass.
2. The materials are dangerous, scattering, but do not explode mass.
3. Products are fire hazardous, they can also explode and the danger of scattering is also characteristic. The explosion we can not be afraid;
4. Substances represent a small risk of explosion, most often effects from it only inside the package.
5. Subclass materials may explode mass, but due to low sensitivity, the risk of such an outcome is extremely low.
6. Products are simple sensitive and do not explode mass, one of the most "safe" for the transport of cargo of the first class.

The class of danger of goods 1.4-1.6 does not explode unfortunately

Gaza

The second class of dangerous goods group gases - in other words, substances that are gaseous in good condition. The class includes gases compressed, liquefied or stored under pressure, as well as clean or mixed with other gases. Automobile transport of RK transport gases with different impacts from suffocating to poisonous, from flammable to caustic. Depending on the additional properties, the gaseous cargo belongs to one of the nine groups.

Flammable substances

Under this title, various liquids understand and their mixtures have a property to ignite from the slightest spark. This includes gasoline. Liquid belongs to one of the groups, depending on what kind of danger it represents. Some loads of poisonous, or may go to the state of the gas or have corrosive effects.

Flammable solids

Their peculiarity is that they easily light up - enough sparks, friction, moisture ingress or temperature increase. Flammable solids can be called matches, white phosphorus, zinc. The requirements are important to observe when handling each three class subgroups:

1. Flammable materials, self-reactive substances or products, measured in liquid. Solid substances are usually in powder form or in the form of granules or in the pasty. In addition to flammability, additional danger comes from combustion products. Flooded metal powders are particularly dangerous, since they are harder to put out - ordinary measures like water here do not give the desired effect, but only aggravate the position.
2. The second subclass of flammable solids includes, pyrophoric substances and solutions flammable when meeting with air for per few minutes. Pyrophoric substances light up easier than the other materials of the fourth-class cargo, and therefore the safety requirements in relation to them must be observed particularly clearly. To subclass 4.2. include substances for self-heating. Unlike pyrophoric materials, tanning even in small bodies, self-heating products ignite only in large volumes and not in minutes, and during hours or days. Self-impassioned substances from oxygen contact.
3. This subclass is classified by substances that produce flammable gases, encountered with liquids. The resulting mixtures explode from contact with sparks, giving rise to an explosive wave and a fire.

The second class of cargo hazards is flammable when contacting air

Oxidizing substances

Products support combustion due to the fact that they produce oxygen. Together with other substances or materials and under certain conditions may explode.

1. Subclass substances 5.1 Thanks to the property to release oxygen, they can maintain a very long burning of goods and that is what they are dangerous.
2. The subclass form peroxides, which decompose when increasing the temperature, due to friction or as a result of contact with acids. The decomposition becomes the cause of the release of flammable gases, and some types of peroxides decompose with the explosion. Instructions for the rules of handling of peroxide orders to take care of the eye, since the ingress of substances to organs harm them also these substances corrosive the skin. Peroxides were grouped into seven levels depending on the level of danger to others.

Toxic substances

Toxic or infectious substances, by the degree of risk, divided into four hazard classes. The fourth group is pathogenic causes severe diseases. Pathogens are easily transmitted from one living creature, a person or an animal, to another, quickly infecting the population. There are no effective methods for treating such diseases. Pathogens of the third group also cause severe diseases, but do not take away these are usually not considered contagious and effective cure techniques have been developed against them.

The second group includes pathogens that are less dangerous for people. The diseases caused by them are relatively easily treated, there are preventive measures against the ailments.

The class of poisonous materials decomposes into two subclasses, safety requirements for moving goods of both groups are very high:

1. Toxic. Depending on the threat, people are divided into three groups: strong-toxic, medium and weakly.
2. Infectious - substances having in the composition of pathogens-microorganisms exciting diseases in living beings.

Poisonous substances can be toxic or infectious

Radioactive substances

Dangerously radioactive radiation, and a class is divided into categories according to danger. Safety requirements for the movement of radioactive substances are particularly strict due to the damage to health, which can cause radiation radiation.

Essentials

The eighth class also includes corrosive materials. Corrosive substances affect the skin and mucous membrane, damage the cargo if the package was damaged. Some substances of this class are converted into corrosion pairs due to water or humidity.

Other substances

In the last, the ninth class of goods includes all other dangerous liquids that have not included in previous classes. Moving all these products, substances or materials is dangerous, you should clearly perform the order of working with them, as the attached instruction says.

Dangerous goods that do not fall under classification are also supplied with hazard icons and all necessary equipment

Organization of transportation

Cargo transported in accordance with the rules of the Russian Federation. It is also important to comply with security requirements that help to avoid traumatic situations. Previously will have to get a special tolerance for transportation:

• Substances from the first to sixth grade hazard.
• For materials in tanks and other removable vessels with a capacity of thousands of liters.
• For international transport.

The shipper receives permission to move goods from the internal affairs organs, before issuing the MTV tolerance checks the condition of the machine.

The procedure for submitting documents for obtaining admission to transport by motor transport RK:

• Application from the shipper indicating the name of the goods transported and its number; transmission of persons accompanying and carrying hazardous materials; Shipping route should be marked.
• The path of transportation, developed by the Organization providing motor transport RK, and coordinated with all the necessary instances and the shipper. At the top of the form, leave an entry on the resolution of cargo transportation;
• Document on the tolerance of the driver of the RC motor transport and the car itself to the transport of dangerous goods.

Permission to carry the cargo is given to several similar events or on a batch of substances moved on the same route for 6 months, but no more. The right to transport nuclear products is issued by the Gosatomnadzor.

The permission to transport a particularly dangerous cargo is given only if it is accompanied by a specially trained person who knows the order of handling him and can apply these knowledge in practice. Accompanying specialists and security is obliged to submit a customer. If both functions fall on the driver of the RK motor transport, then the order of handling and the safety requirement necessary for compliance, the driver clarifies the shipper.

The person responsible for the cargo performs the following duties:

• Watches loading and unloading goods in and from the transport of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Accompanies the goods throughout the transportation until the end of the trip.
• It is supervised that the safety requirements for handling them are met and guarded it. Monitors the packaging to be in the appropriate state, not damaged.

Emergency Card SIO is needed to obtain permission to transport dangerous goods

Setting route

The path of transport is chosen and worked out the freight. The path of transportation, the dangerous cargo carrying, is agreed with the traffic police, in particular, if the route passes on roads with a complex transport situation, with poor visibility or by mountain regions. And then when hazardous substances transport a column of three and more trucks. Security requirements insist that the route does not run through or near:

• Recreation zones and reserves, as well as various landmarks.
• Not running through the territory of industrial facilities.
• Inside large cities, and in case, still travel through a large settlement is inevitable, the path flew away from schools, hospitals and cultural centers.
• The route must be laid with such a calculation so that there are parking lots for trucks and recreation sites for their drivers, as well as gas stations.

The plan of the route must be represented by the Ministry of Internal Affairs 10 days before the transportation event. Employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs need to provide documents with the route of transportation printed in three copies, testimony of car tolerance for transportation. And if it is planned to move a particularly dangerous cargo, while the document listed above requires the transportation instructions that their customers and permission to transport this cargo are transmitted.

If there is a situation at which the route has to change, this change also needs to be coordinated from the Ministry of Internal Affairs - the department where the initial travel option was approved. The approved specimen of the route is stored at the Ministry of Internal Affairs, in organizing a cargo transportation and at the driver or at the accompanying person.

The RK vehicles should move in accordance with the norms established by the Ministry of Internal Affairs based on the selected route and road rules. The selected movement speed should be so as not to subject the risk of containers with explosives. When moving the column of cars of the Republic of Kazakhstan, they should move so that the distance between the transports is 50 meters. When transporting particularly hazardous substances, cars are accompanied to protect the traffic machines.

Moving of transport with hazardous substances in the area of \u200b\u200bnature reserves and recreational zones is extremely undesirable

Signs and other safety measures

Before taking cargoes, cargo transporters receive a safety passport of the substance transported. If he was not transmitted by the customer - the deal was broken, the goods on the cars are not loaded and it is not taken anywhere. According to the same standards, dangerous goods lack signs that inform about the threat. Answering tables are decorated with vehicles, and the tables must be a specific format and with a reflective surface. The order of cargo marketing depends on its hazard class:

• Explosives. Orange color sign with symbolic explosion pattern.
• Flammable gases. Red rhombus, on the background of which are black or white flame languages. Non-toxic and non-flammable ignition, gases - on a green background of a cylinder pattern.
• Flammable materials subclass 4.1 - a sign painted in a red and white strip, with a stylized image of a flame. Subclass 4.2. - a sign divided into two parts: in the bottom of the red color, the top is painted in white. Flame is drawn on a white halve. Subclass 4.3 - blue background and drawing of fire.
• Oxidizing substances. A rhombus of yellow, on which a circle is drawn, linked by flames;
• Subclass 6.1 - toxic substances, marked with a white sign with a "pirate" pattern of skull and crossed bones; Infectious substances from subclass 6.2 warn itself also a white sign, but with the image of crossed months on it.
• Radioactive substances. The appearance of the rhombus depends on the category, but it must be drawing in the form of a black trilley, and in the lower half of the sign, the word "radioactive" is written in large letters.
• Corrosive substances - their identification mark is made in the form of rhombus, the lower part of which is painted in black, and on the top, white half draws test tubes, pronounced to hand or metal styling.
• Other substances from the ninth grade highlights the sign, the upper half of which is painted with vertical black stripes, and the lower part is left white.

New transportation rules (since 2012) it says that the transportation of dangerous goods by cars is possible only in accordance with the International Agreement (LOG). According to one of the items of this Agreement, transport carrying dangerous goods must be marked with an information table. Orange Color Table must be a value of 40 × 30, with a reflective surface. The plate should be drawn the danger number and the UN figures. The quality of the manufacturer should be so that the figures drawn on them were able to bring fire and water. Sometimes cargo transporters acquire stickers or tables from cheap materials - it is unacceptable.

In the event of an abnormal situation, drivers should know as in which sequence to act to eliminate the consequences. And the drivers should take all measures for their own protection set out in the emergency card. The main tasks when emerging emergency situations are: the first assistance that fell into trouble, if necessary, the evacuation of people, finding damaged capacity and removing it and the outstanding substance, alert about the organization's organization of the shipper.

Corrosion Marking Sign

Loading and unloading

Controls loading works representative of the shipper. The weight of goods loaded by the machine should not exceed the measure of loading capacity. Loading and unloading work are carried out by people working on the shipper, but if it was agreed in advance, these events assume the driver of the RK transport.

When loading and unloading activities should reign a clear adherence to established standards. Safety requirements are prohibited during these works to allow pushes or blows through containers with substances, as well as pressure on them or carving sparks. During the work, the car engine is turned off in advance, and the driver itself leaves the vehicle and goes to a safe distance. Foreign persons are also forbidden to be present at the process of unloading or loading goods. Sometimes the machines used in the loading works require the engine turned on.

In order to avoid disasters, loading or unloading explosive goods is not carried out during a thunderstorm. And the entire event is carried out at posts, and work is possible, only with one machine. Posts should be equipped at a distance of at least 125 meters from freight and industrial buildings or residential buildings. All these rules are designed to prevent dangerous situations: damage to cargo and injury among workers and passersby.

Such cargoes, which, by virtue of their physicochemical properties, may pose a danger of life and health of people, to cause serious environmental environmental damage to the natural environment, as well as cause damage or destruction of material values.

It is not by chance that such goods are called dangerous, so all manipulations with them, in particular their transportation, are governed by the relevant regulatory acts.

Legal basis of road transport of dangerous goods

To regulate the transportation of dangerous goods by road in the Russian Federation exist rules for transportation of dangerous goods by road (Rules Rog), approved by the Ministry of Transport of Russia on August 8, 1995 No. 73 and registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on December 18, 1995 No. 997.

In addition, there is another important document - European Agreement on International Road Transportation of Dangerous GoodsDisgraced ADR (Road Road Road Road Traffic) or ADR (Accord Dangereuses Route). This agreement was developed by the UN Economic Commission back in 1957 in Geneva in order to create general rules for the road transport of dangerous goods. In the number of countries that have signed this document include Russia, so all requirements are valid in the territory of the Russian Federation.

There are also a number of regulatory legal acts affecting certain aspects of transportation of hazardous types of cargo. However, there is no description of their description, in order not to make a bias on the legal side.

Classification of dangerous goods

In accordance with the rules for the transport of dangerous goods (hereinafter referred to (according to the requirements of GOST 19433-88):

• 1 class: explosive materials (VM);
• Grade 2. - gases, compressed, liquefied and dissolved under pressure;
• Grade 3. - flammable liquids (LVZ);
• 4th grade - flammable solids (LWT), self-coating substances (SV); substances excreasing flammable gases when interacting with water;
• Grade 5. - oxidizing agents (OK) and organic peroxides (OP);
• 6th grade - poisonous substances (JAV) and infectious substances (IV);
• 7th grade - radioactive materials (PM);
• 8th grade - caustic and (or) corrosive substances (ECs);
• Grade 9. - Other hazardous substances.

In addition, each class is divided into separate subclasses, categories and groups. When transporting in the paper documents, the class and the danger subclass are indicated: first the class number, then after the point - the subclass number. Also, in accordance with ADR, each type of dangerous cargo is assigned a four-digit number from list of UN number. According to this list, you can determine which number of the hazard group has a convertible substance, its class and classification code, as well as a group of packaging required for transportation, and reflecting the degree of danger.

Classification code Indicates the type of danger, as well as the physical and chemical properties of the transported cargo. The classification code may consist of letters and numbers that indicate a group of hazardous properties of the substance. Each class has its own designations.

For example, the common explosive gas is propane - refers to the second class and the third subclass of danger, which is written as "2.3". Its number from the UN list - 1978 (UN1978), classification code - 2F (2 group, F - flammable).

Particularly dangerous goods

Not all dangerous goods are equally dangerous: some are dangerous to a greater extent, some kind of smaller. Obviously, radioactive substances according to the degree of danger represent an increased risk compared, for example, with some kinds of pesticides.

Based on this, dangerous goods representing increased risk belong to the category "Especially dangerous goods". The list of particularly dangerous goods is given in Appendix 7.2 PPG. These types of goods are subject to special transportation requirements, as well as a special procedure for making road documentation.

What applies to dangerous goods or when dangerous goods are considered not dangerous

In order to find out whether the substance is transported by dangerous cargo, it is necessary to look at the UN list. There is described in detail to which class and the degree of danger refers to the substance.

For example, propane is present in this list, this means that it is a dangerous cargo and, therefore, it must be transported according to the rules of transportation of dangerous goods. However, there are situations in life when a person on his car needs to be transported to the cottage a gas cylinder - is it really necessary to obtain a special permission, the equipment of the machine with the corresponding identification signs, etc.

The Rules have written that transportation limited number Hazardous substances on one vehicle can be considered like transportation Non-hazard cargo, i.e. Rules are reputable in this case do not apply.

Under the term limited quantity It is understood by the number of substance that is actually not hazardous and does not fall under the rules for the transport of dangerous goods. It is spelled out in ADR, and for each type of substance, their quantity norms are defined, and for some - not defined at all. This suggests that the substance is dangerous in any quantity (for example, radioactive uranium).

For example, for propane, the maximum amount of cargo that can be transported on one transport unit (one vehicle with or without a trailer) without falling under the actions of the rules is 333 kg. This means that if the mass of propane is less than the specified norm, then the driver is not required to have ADR (ADR) permissions for transportation.

However, we should not forget that despite the fact that the amount of dangerous cargo does not fall under the action, it should not be carried properly. There are many regulatory acts and rules where it is written as well as what needs to be correctly transported. For example, transporting gas cylinders, it is necessary to comply with the requirements of the safety rules described by the relevant regulatory acts.

The order of transportation of dangerous goods

Issuance of permits for the transport of dangerous goods by road

Cargo transportation is carried out on the basis of special permits for the transport of dangerous cargo. Such permissions are customary to call ADR or ADR permissions. Permits are issued either by the territorial body Rostransnadzor - If the route passes on the roads of federal significance or more than one register of the Russian Federation, or by other bodies (the executive authority of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation or local government) in other cases.

To obtain ADR permission, the cargo transporter fills claims on the prescribed form, and also makes a number of documents to it, including:

• certificate of admission of a vehicle to the transport of dangerous goods;
• certificate of admission of the driver to the transport of dangerous goods;
• emergency and information cards system of informing the danger;
• transportation route.

IN emergency and information Cards are indicated by detailed dangerous properties of the transported cargo, as well as a list of measures necessary to eliminate the consequences when an emergency occurrence.

The statement also indicates persons responsible for the transportation and safety of cargo.

Dangerous goods transportation route

In ADR and the rules, it is clearly spelled out that the route of transportation of dangerous goods must pass outside the densely populated areas, as well as outside objects that represent any value for humanity (reserves, historical places, etc.) in the event of an emergency to avoid a large number of victims and Damage property. If you cannot avoid such places, it is impossible to avoid such places, then the route is selected according to the principle of minimizing the danger - it should run there, where a large cluster of people is not planned.

Also, the route indicates the time to which the vehicles with a dangerous cargo can move, stop locations, speed limit at certain parts of the road, etc. The weather conditions are also played an important role that will be at the time in which transportation is planned.

If the cargo transported is particularly dangerous, then in this case the route is agreed with the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Also, without contacting the Ministry of Internal Affairs, it is not necessary if the shipping is carried out in difficult road conditions (mountain road, insufficient visibility conditions, snowfall), and the cargo is transported by a column of more than three machines.

Movement along the route

Transportation of dangerous goods should be carried out according to the developed route - strictly observed the speed mode, the places of designated stops, etc.

In the car carrying a dangerous cargo, there should be a person responsible for transportation (the person is accompanying and responsible for the cargo), which knows the features and properties of the transported substance and the measure of treatment of it in the event of an emergency occurrence.

When transporting a particularly dangerous cargo, as well as the cargo of the column machines with more than 3 units, ahead of the vehicle must ride the accompaniment car equipped with a beacon of orange or yellow. If necessary, the patrol car of the traffic police can be isolated as accompanying.

Requirements for cars carrying dangerous goods

The car that is planned for the transport of hazardous substances should be appropriately equipped, otherwise it will not be possible to obtain a certificate of admission to the transportation of dangerous goods.

Events on the installation of special equipment include the installation on a yellow beacon of yellow, fuel tank of increased strength, anti-taking timber, fire extinguishing systems, means of informing others about potential danger, etc. This allows you to maximize this car and the emergency surrounding from the risk of the emergence, as well as prevent or reduce negative consequences if it happened.

In order to tighten control to minimize the risk of emergency situations in the transport of dangerous goods, the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation issued an order No. 285 from 07/31/2012stated on the mandatory installation of cars carrying dangerous goods, satellite navigation systems GLONASS or GPS. To control the movement on the installed route. Plus all this cars must be equipped tachographs - devices, "tracking" in compliance with the time of driving the driver, as well as the system ABS (Antilock Brake System - Anti-lock brake system)responsible for the behavior of the car during emergency braking.

Dangerous goods are substances and items that, due to their inherent properties, carry the threat to the life and health of the person, the state of the environment, the preservation of buildings, structures, techniques and other material objects. These include: fuel, acids, pesticides, paints, aerosols, fire extinguishers, solvents, adhesives, medical preparations, lithium batteries, etc.

In total, about 3,500 items are in the list of hazardous substances.

In principle, the fact that they carry a threat does not mean that this threat will be implemented: only with the coincidence of certain factors transportation, as well as loading / unloading of such substances can lead to an explosion, fire, death of people and animals, radioactive or infectious infection, toxic accuracy, environmental pollution, damage to technical devices, vehicles, buildings, structures, etc.

It is so that these factors do not coincide and, therefore, managed to avoid possible harm, the transportation of dangerous goods is carried out on strict rules in compliance with all necessary measures and conditions.

Previously, the delivery of such cargoes within the Russian Federation was regulated by the rules for transporting dangerous goods by road (ppogat). However, since the beginning of 2017, these rules have been abolished and the legislative base has become European Agreement on International Road Road Road Road Travel (ADR / ADR)To which Russia joined back in 1994 and which before that "answered" only for the international message.

What was it done for? In order to, first, reduce the redundancy of legislative acts, and secondly, to improve the quality of dangerous goods transport: ADR, unlike the podogat, is systematically updated and adjusted, and the existence of only one regulatory document does not allow contradictions and confusion.

What you need to know to implement the high-quality and safe transportation of dangerous cargo?

The conditions and rules for the carriage of dangerous goods depend primarily from its name and to which class it refers.

Thus, a special UN number (un-identifier) \u200b\u200bis fixed for each dangerous substance or group of substances. These rooms, by the way, are assigned to substances experts from the United Nations Committee on the Transport of Dangerous Goods after all necessary tests designed to determine the main and additional danger of goods.

By the UN number in table "List of dangerous goods" (Appendix A to ADR) You can learn all the information regarding the transport of a substance / product: Methods of labeling and packaging, the procedure for placing signs of danger on vehicles and containers, selection of vehicles, transportation and handling provisions, degree and The type of danger represented (...), as well as, which is important, the class of substance.

In accordance with ADR, 13 classes of dangerous goods are allocated:

• class 1.: explosives and products;
• class 2.: gases;
• class 3.: flammable liquids;
• class 4.1.: flammable solids, self-reactive substances, solid desensitized explosives;
• class 4.2.: Substances capable of self-burning;
• class 4.3.: substances excreasing flammable gases when contact with water;
• class 5.1.: oxidizing substances;
• class 5.2.: organic peroxides;
• class 6.1.: Toxic substances;
• class 6.2.: infectious substances;
• class 7.: radioactive materials;
• class 8.: corrosive substances;
• class 9.: Other hazardous substances and products.

Class 1. Explosives and products

• explosives: solid or liquid substances (or mixtures of substances), which are capable of a chemical reaction with the separation of gases at such a temperature, so pressure and at such a speed, which causes damage to the surrounding items;
• pyrotechnic substances: substances or mixtures of substances intended for the production of the effect in the form of heat, light, sound, gas or smoke or combinations them as a result of self-sustaining exothermic chemical reactions occurring without detonation;
• explosive products: products containing one or more explosives or pyrotechnic substances;
• other substances and products that are not mentioned above are manufactured for the production of explosive work or the creation of a pyrotechnic effect.

The substances of this class have six subclasses (1.1-1.6), the transportation of which is accompanied under the following danger marks - notation, which should be placed on packaging, containers, tanks and transportation vehicles.

For subclasses 1.1-1.3

For subclass 1.4.

For subclass 1.5

For subclass 1.6.

The class of explosives and products includes: cartridges for weapons, idle chucks, powder, detonators, subversive charges, capsuli, funeral, mines, bombs, grenades, nitroglycerin, ammonium nitrate, disaster signals, petardes, Bengal lights, etc.

To ensure the safety of cargo transportation of 1st grade, special substances are added - phlegmatizers: wax, paper, water, polymers, alcohol, oil ... they make an explosive insensitive or less sensitive to heat, shocks, shocks, concussions and friction and reduce the likelihood of an explosion.

At the same time, ammunition with poisoning substances (№№OON 0020 and 0021), as well as explosives with excessive sensitivity, are not allowed to transport.

Class 2. Gaza

It covers pure gases, gas mixtures, a mixture of one or more gases with one or more other substances, as well as products containing substances.

Loads of this class are divided into:

• compressed gas: Being loaded for transportation under pressure, at a temperature of -50 ° C is completely gaseous;
• liquefied gas: loaded under pressure, at a temperature of -50 ° C becomes partially liquid;
• chilled liquefied gas: loaded under pressure, due to its low temperature is partially liquid;
• dissolved gas: loaded under pressure, dissolved in a liquid solvent;
• aerosol sprayers and small tanks containing gas (gas cans);
• other products containing gas under pressure;
• gases are not under pressure, subject to special requirements (samples of gases);
• pressure chemical products: fluids, pastes or powders under the pressure of the gas-displacement, which corresponds to the determination of compressed or liquefied gas, and the mixture of these substances;
• adsorbed gas: Being loaded for transportation, adsorbed on a solid porous material, as a result of which the internal pressure in the vessel is less than 101.3 kPa at 20 ° C or less than 300 kPa at 50 ° C.

This includes: compressed air, butane, chlorine, hydrogen sulfide, oxygen, petroleum gas, lighters, cartridges for refilling lighters, fire extinguishers, etc.

Gases are transported under the following signs of danger:

2.1. flammable gases

2.2. non-flammable non-toxic gases

2.3. Toxic gases

However, it should be taken into account that it is impossible to transport:

• chloride chilled liquid hydrogen (No. 1786);
• nitrogen trioxide (UN 2421);
• methylNitrite (No. 2455).

Class 3. Light flammable liquids

These include:

• flammable liquids;
• substances that at a temperature of 50 ° C have a pressure of no more than 300 kPa (3 bars) and at a temperature of 20 ° C are not completely gaseous;
• substances that have an outbreak temperature not higher than 60 ° C;
• liquid substances and solids in the molten state with an outbreak temperature above 60 ° C, which are presented to transportation or transported in a hot condition at a temperature equal to the flare temperature or exceeding it;
• liquid desensitized explosives.

These are: acetone, benzene, camphor oil, carbon black, adhesives, alcohol, liquid aromatic extracts, diesel fuel, gasoline, kerosene, paint, oil, rubber solution, medical tinctures, etc.

The flammable liquids are transported under such signs of danger:

• easily oxidizing with the formation of peroxides of the substance, if the content of peroxide in them in terms of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) exceeds 0.3%;
• chemically unstable substances, if necessary precautions have not been taken to prevent the possibility of a hazardous reaction of decomposition or polymerization.

Class 4.1. Flammable solids, self-reactive substances, solid desensitized explosives

Includes:

• flammable solids and products: powdered, granulated and pasty substances that can easily light up with short-term contact with a ignition source (for example, with a burning match), as well as form toxic combustion products;
• self-real solids or liquids: Termically unstable substances capable of subjected to rapid exothermic decomposition even without oxygen participation (air);
• solid desensitized explosives: substances that are moistened with water or alcohols or diluted with other substances to suppress their explosive properties;
• substances like self-absorbing substances;
• polymerizable substances: Substances that without stabilization under normal conditions are capable of exposing an intense exothermic reaction leading to the formation of larger molecules or the formation of polymers.

For example: aluminum powder, cinema and film on a nitrocellulosic basis, raw or purified naphthalene, sulfur, etc.

For the transport of substances of this class, the following indicating on danger Sign

To ensure the safety of transportation of self-absorbing substances, they are desensitize (reduce sensitivity), using special diluents, and in relation to polymerizing substances, strictly follows the compliance with the temperature regime.

At the same time you can not transport:

• self-corrective substances type A;
• phosphorus sulphides not free from white and yellow phosphorus;
• not listed in the list of dangerous goods solid sensitized explosives;
• inorganic flammable substances in the molten state (exception - molten sulfur, No. 2448);
• as well as substances, for the transportation of which the necessary security measures were not taken.

Class 4.2. Substances capable of self-burning

This class includes:

• pyrophoric substances: substances, including mixtures and solutions (liquid or solid), which even in small quantities are flammable when air in contact for five minutes;
• self-heating substances and products: Substances and products, including mixtures and solutions that, when contacting air, without supply of energy from outside, is capable of self-heating. They are flammable only in large quantities (kilograms) and only after long periods of time (hours or days).

This is: coal, activated carbon, wet cotton, fish flour treated with unsaturated oils paper, cake, spent iron oxide, etc.

In general, self-heating of the substance is a process in which he highlighted heat as a result of a gradual reaction with oxygen (air). If the heat formation rate exceeds the heat transfer rate, the temperature of the substance increases, which can lead to ignition and burning.

For the transportation of goods of this class, the following sign of danger is applied

However, not allowed to transport:

• tert-butylgipochlorite (Nuon 3255);
• oxidizing self-heating solids related to 227 (if they do not meet the established requirements).

Class 4.3. Substances that excrete flammable gases in contact with water

It covers all substances that, when contacting water, release flammable gases, capable of forming explosive mixtures with air, as well as products containing such substances.

In particular: alkali metal amides, aluminum carbide, uncovered aluminum powder, barium, calcium, cesium, lithium, magnesium powder, sodium, zinc dust, etc.

Transportation of these substances should pass under the following signs of danger:

In this case, the substances belonging to No. 3133 (water reacting oxidizing solids) are not allowed to transport if they do not meet the established special requirements.

Class 5.1. Oxidizing substances

Substances that themselves are not necessarily combustible, but may (usually, by excretion of oxygen), cause or maintain the burning of other materials.

For example: a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and contlexic acid, an aqueous solution of inorganic chlorates, an aqueous solution of inorganic nitrates, a chemical oxygen generator, ammonium nitrate emulsion, etc.

Danger sign is used for transportation.

At the same time, it is impossible to transport:

• unstabilized hydrogen peroxide or an unstabilized aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution if they contain more than 60% hydrogen peroxide;
• substances under Nub 3100 (oxidizing solid self-heating), No. 3121 (oxidizing solids reacting with water), No. 3137 (oxidizing solid flammable substances);
• tetranteromethan containing combustible impurities;
• hydraulic acid solutions containing by weight of more than 72% acid, or a mixture of chloroic acid with any liquid, except for water;
• a chlorinic acid solution containing more than 10% acid, or a mixture of chloronic acid with any liquid, except for water;
• halogen-containing fluorine compounds, except: bromine pentafluoride (UN 1745), bromine trifluoride (NU 1746), iodine pentafluoride (No. 2495), chlorine trifluoride (UNIT 1749), Chlorine Pentafluoride (NU 2548, Class 2);
• ammonium chlorate and its aqueous solutions, as well as a mixture of chlorate with ammonium salt;
• chlorine ammonium and its aqueous solutions, as well as mixtures of chlorite with ammonium salt;
• mixtures of hypochlorite with saline ammonium;
• ammonium bromate and its aqueous solutions, as well as mixtures of bromate with ammonium salt;
• ammonium permanganate and its aqueous solutions, as well as mixtures of permanganate with ammonium salt;
• ammonium nitrate containing more than 0.2% combustible substances (including any organic matter calculated by carbon), if it is not a component of a substance or product of 1st class;
• ammonium nitrite and its aqueous solutions, as well as a mixture of inorganic nitrite with ammonium salt;
• mixtures of potassium nitrate, sodium nitrite and ammonium salt.

In addition, all substances of this class are not allowed to transport, if necessary measures have not been taken to prevent their dangerous decomposition or polymerization during transportation. For this, in particular, it should be verified that there are no substances that can activate the dangerous reactions in vessels and tanks.

Class 5.2. Organic peroxides

It covers organic peroxides and compositions of organic peroxides whose danger is that they are prone to exothermic decomposition during normal or elevated temperatures. The decomposition may begin under the influence of heat, contact with impurities (acid, compounds of heavy metals, amines), friction or impact and lead to the formation of harmful or flammable gases or vapors. At the same time, many organic peroxides are intensively lit, and some even with a brief contact with a serious injury of a horny eye shell or corrosive skin.

Danger signs indicating the transportation of organic peroxides

To ensure the safety of transportation, they are desensitize by adding liquid or solid organic substances, solid inorganic substances or water. Desensitization is carried out in such a way that in the case of the leakage of organic peroxide, its concentration has not reached a dangerous extent. Some organic peroxides can only be transported under conditions of temperature control.

At the same time, organic peroxides of type A. are not allowed to transport

Class 6.1. Toxic substances

These are substances that are known by experience or in respect of which it can be assumed based on the results of experiments conducted on animals that they can (with a single or short impact and in relatively small quantities) cause harm to human health or the cause of death in case of their Inhalation, suction through skin or swallowing.

Toxic substances include: arsenic, liquid toxic dye, liquid compound of mercury, nicotine, nitrobenzene, solid phenol, liquid tear substances, gas tear candles, liquid toxic drugs, chloroform, soluble lead connection, etc.

Danger sign warning about the transport of toxic substance looks like this

However, not allowed to transport:

• cyanously anhydrous hydrogen or cyanide hydrogen in solution, if it does not comply with the descriptions of positions under No. Roson 1051, 1613, 1614 and 3294;
• metal carbonyls with a flash point below 23 ° C, with the exception of nickel carbonyl (UN 1259) and pentarbonyl iron (No. 1994);
• 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin (THDD) in concentrations, which are considered strong-toxic;
• symmetric dichloromethyl ether (No. 2249);
• phosphide preparations without additives inhibiting the release of toxic flammable gases;
• as well as chemically unstable substances, if necessary precautions were taken to prevent the possibility of a hazardous reaction of decomposition or polymerization under normal conditions of transportation.

Class 6.2. Infectious substances

Are divided into:

• infectious substances dangerous for people;
• infectious substances dangerous for animals only;
• clinical waste;
• biological preparations.

Transported under the sign of danger

It is not allowed to use live animals for the transport of infectious substance, except when this substance cannot be transported in another way or when such transportation is approved by the competent authority.

Class 7. Radioactive materials

This class includes a material containing radionuclides, in which the concentration of activity, as well as the total activity of the cargo exceeds 0.002 microns per gram.

Radioactive materials depending on the degree of danger under the following signs

For the safety of transportation, it is necessary, first of all, to comply with the limitations on the amount of substance permissible to transport, and secondly, to use a special insulating container. Such a container should prevent the penetration of a radioactive substance in a hazardous amount into the environment and reduce the intensity of ionizing radiation.

Class 8. Corrosion substances

These are substances that, by virtue of their chemical properties, affect the epithelial tissue (leather or mucosa) when contacting it or which, in case of leakage or wake, can cause damage or destruction of other goods or vehicles. In addition, the class "Corrosive substances" includes substances that form a corrosion liquid only in the presence of water or corrosion pairs or suspension - in the presence of natural air humidity.

For example: caustic alkaline liquid, bromine, or a bromine solution, fluid for charging fire extinguishers, formic acid, a solution of phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, a solution of bromoacetic acid, unspoken smoke bombs, nitric acid contained in industrial products mercury and others.

Danger sign is provided for the transportation of corrosive substances.

Not allowed to transport:

• a mixture of nitrogen and hydrochloric acids (UN 1798);
• chemically unstable exhaust sulfuric acid mixtures;
• chemically unstable nitraulic acidic mixtures or non-solid mixtures of residual sulfur and nitric acids;
• an aqueous solution of chloroic acid containing more than 72% pure acid by weight, or a mixture of chloroic acid with any other liquid, except for water.

Class 9. Other hazardous substances and products

It covers those substances and products that are presented with the danger not specified in the description of previous classes. They are divided into:

• substances, the small dust of which, when inhalation, can represent a hazard for health;
• substances and products that in case of fire
• can be separated dioxins;
• substances that allocate flammable pairs; lithium batteries;
• rescue means;
• environmental substances: Liquid and solid pollutant medium, genetically modified organisms and microorganisms;
• liquid and solids at elevated temperature;
• other substances and products representing the danger during transportation, but not corresponding to the definitions of other classes.

Such products include: solid carbon dioxide (dry ice), castor flour, a vehicle operating on flammable gas, a vehicle operating on batteries, a kit of first aid, an internal combustion engine, lithium-ion batteries, etc.

They are transported under the sign of danger

Not allowed to transport:

• crude empty instrument containers (such as transformers, capacitors or hydraulic devices) comprising substances assigned to NO 2315, 3151, 3152 or 3432;
• lithium batteries that do not meet the necessary security requirements.

Table A "List of dangerous goods"

As already noted, this table contains about 3,500 items of unsafe substances, groups of substances and products that can cause harm to people, animal, environment, material objects, etc. For each of them, their special conditions for transportation and the necessary measures that should be prescribed Not to completely neutralize the threat, then at least minimize it is as possible.

Measures and conditions concern packaging and labeling, compatibility of goods, selection of vehicle, order of loading and unloading, etc. It is not difficult to use the table: just just know what the UN Code corresponds to a substance or product.

For example, it is possible to determine the conditions for transporting lighters (No. 1057).

This cargo refers to the 2nd hazard class ("gases") and has a classification code 6F, which means: a flammable product containing gas under pressure. For its transport, a warning sign of danger 2.1 "Flammable gases" is used (Figure 6 or 7).

From column No. 6 ("Special Provisions") it can be seen that for transportation:

• lighters must be provided with protection against accidental release of content;
• the liquid phase should not exceed 85% compatibility of the vessel at 15 ° C;
• vessels, including shutters, must withstand internal pressure, twice the pressure of liquefied petroleum gas at a temperature of 55 ° C;
• the valve mechanisms and ignition devices must be securely sealed, isolated with ribbon or otherwise fixed, or constructed in such a way as to exclude their triggering or leakage of content during transport;
• lighters must contain no more than 10 g of liquefied petroleum gas;
• the spent lighters collected separately, when transporting, it is not necessary to be protected from accidental discharge, provided that measures are taken to prevent dangerous increase in pressure and creating a hazardous environment;
• legging or highly deformed lighters should be transported in emergency containers, etc.

In addition, when transporting lighters, rigid outer containers (drawers) should be used, designed, manufactured and placed in such a way as to be eliminated by the possibility of moving, random ignition of the device or random leakage of flammable gas.

At the same time, the lighters can be packaged into an external packaging together with other 2nd class cargoes, cargoes of other classes (if the joint packaging is permitted) and loads that are not subject to ADR, provided that they cannot enter each other into a dangerous reaction.

The lighters refer to the 2nd transport category, which means that with the maximum total number of products in 333 kg (gross mass), their transportation is released from some of the requirements of ADR (about it - just below).

The limit code D suggests that the transport means carrying a lighter is prohibited through the tunnels of categories D and E.

And during the loading and unloading operations, the CV9 code is applied: the lighters can not be thrown or subjected to shocks, they must be laid in such a way that they cannot be tipped up or falling. In addition, it is forbidden to use fuel heating devices in loading places and enter the cargo compartment of closed vehicles carrying cargo, with portable lighting devices.

And so - for each planning cargo planning to transport.

General requirements for the transportation of dangerous goods

However, together with some special conditions specified for individuals and products, general requirements are also applied during the transportation of dangerous goods.

First of all, the transportation of dangerous goods is possible if the vehicle has admission to their transportation, and the driver passed a special training of ADR.

It should be borne in mind that passing training and obtain evidence of ADR may a driver with a continuous, at least three years of experience in managing vehicles of the relevant category.

Education, in turn, implies different levels:

• basic (mandatory) course, after which you can carry dangerous goods in packages (except explosive and radioactive substances);
• specialized course on the transport of dangerous goods in tanks;
• specialized course on the transport of substances and products of the 1st grade;
• specialized course on the transport of radioactive materials (7th grade).

As for the admission of the vehicle, the special certificate (a traffic police is issued) is required only for cars related to ADR classification to EX / II, EX / III, FL, OX, AT and Memu (roughly speaking, those that transport explosives or substances in tanks), for the rest, such admission is a diagnostic map confirming the fact of the passage of technical inspection (trucks intended for the transport of dangerous goods must pass it every six months).

However, in the case of the carriage of goods of increased danger, in addition to the tolerance of the vehicle and evidence of the driver's ADR, a special permission is also required. This rule acts both for international and domestic Russian communication.

The list of heavy risk goods can be found in Table 1.10.3.1.2 ADR.

Rostransnadzor is responsible for issuing a special permit if the route of the vehicle must pass through federal tracks or in the territory of two or more regions.

If the roads of regional or inter-municipal significance, then permission should be applied to the regional executive authority. If on the roads of local significance - to the local government body. If on a private road - to the owner of this road. Etc.

By the way, earlier to coordinate the route of freight transportation of increased danger was necessary with the traffic police, now the same body is responsible for coordinating the route, which is responsible for issuing permission.

After receiving a statement, he either refuses transportation, or sends to local executive authorities, through the territory of which transportation should be carried out, the application for coordination of the route.

In the case of a positive response and absence of violations, a special permission is issued. The maximum period of its action is one year, and it can cover both one and several identical transportation of dangerous goods. The resolution necessarily contains the following information:

• the name of the body that issued permission;
• class, UN number, name and description of dangerous cargo;
• installed route for transportation and conditions of movement on it;
• the name and location of the shipper and consignee;
• carrier Information: For a legal entity - Name, organizational and legal form, Legal address; For an individual - surname, name, patronymic, place of residence, data certifying personality;
• type, model, vehicle brand, state registration sign of a car, trailer or semi-trailer;
• special permission number;
• date of issuance and validity of permission.

To obtain permission, it is necessary together with the statement (where the cargo is described, the route of its transportation, etc. information) to present:

• a copy of the certificate of registration of the vehicle;
• a document confirming the right to ownership by the vehicle on legal grounds (if it is not the property of the carrier);
• a copy of the certificate of admission of the vehicle to the transport of dangerous goods;
• a copy of the certificate of preparation of the driver of a vehicle carrying dangerous goods;
• documents confirming the powers of the representative (if the application is not submitted by the carrier itself, but its representative).

Requirements for labeling containers and vehicle designation

First of all, as noted, the vehicle must be admitted to the transport of dangerous goods. Such a certificate is obtained after a technical inspection designed to check the condition of the car (trailer, container, tanks, etc.) and its compliance with safety requirements. There is permission only throughout the year, after the expiration of the term it is necessary to undergo an inspection.

What is important, cars carrying dangerous goods, in accordance with the order of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation No. 285 dated July 31, 2012, must be equipped with GLONASS or GLONASS / GPS satellite navigation systems.

During transport, the vehicle must certainly be designated: so that it can immediately understand that it is lucky, and determine which cargo it is lucky and what danger this cargo is present. This uses special orange plates made from persistent and durable material capable of withstanding adverse atmospheric conditions, not to burn in fire, while in it at least 15 minutes, and keep the inscriptions placed on it.

What are the requirements for? If, for example, a crash will happen during the way with the vehicle (and the accompanying documents will be lost), which arrived lifeguards will still be able to recognize the danger and take all the necessary measures to neutralize it. After all, in the lower half of the plates, the cargo identification number (or the UN number) is applied, and in the upper - the danger code. The danger code, by the way, consists of two or three digits: the first indicates the main danger, the second (or the second and third) is an additional one.

Figure "2": Gas release as a result of pressure or chemical reaction.
Digit "3": flammability of liquids (vapors) and gases or self-heating fluid.
Figure "4": Inflammability of solids or self-heating solids.
Digit "5": Oxidizing effect (effect of intensification of combustion).
Figure "6": Toxicity or danger of infection.
Digit "7": Radioactivity.
Digit "8": Corrosion activity.
Figure "9": The danger of spontaneous turbulent reaction.

If the digit is doubled, this suggests that the danger that the cargo represents is very high. If the code is worth the letter X, it means that the substance has been transported can enter into a dangerous reaction with water.

However, the exact designation of the danger is given for each UN number in the "List of dangerous goods" table and deciphered in the 5th chapter of ADR.

In addition to the tablets, an information board in the form of a rhombus with a symbol / class number or shipment subclass should be placed on the vehicle. However, it is not necessary, if it is clearly visible and distinguishes the danger sign located on the transported containers, container tanks and portable containers.

Of particular designation also requires the outer packaging, in which the cargo is packed, it must be deposited and durable labeling:

• information plate indicating the UN number, and for the 1st, 2nd and 7th grades - the shipping name of the substance / product;
• appropriate class or subclass sign of danger;
• an additional marking mark for substances representing the environmental hazard;

• for a combined container with an inner package containing a liquid, for a single container with ventilation holes and for cryogenic vessels intended for the transport of cooled liquefied gases, the arrows indicating the location of the goods and how it is properly installed.

What documents must be accompanied by the domestic transportation of dangerous goods?

First, the transport document - Transport or commodity invoice, where it is necessary to specify the following information:

• identification code Un (UN number);
• shipping name, supplemented with the technical title;
• the danger sign, which is given in the 5th column of the Dangerous List Table (if several hazard numbers are specified, then the following should be taken in brackets; if the sample of the danger sign is not prescribed, you need to write a class number to which the substance belongs to product);
• a group of packaging (can be simply roman numbers, and in front of Roman numerals to put the letter designation "GU"), if it is not specified, nothing is required;
• quantity and description of packages, additionally, you can call the transport packaging code for the UN;
• the total number of each dangerous cargo having a separate UN number, proper shipping name and, if appointed, a packaging group;
• if there is, then the location code through the tunnels.

For example: Un 1223, kerosene, 3, III (barrels, 10 pieces, 2 000 kg), (D / E).

In addition, additional information may be indicated in the transport document: that, in accordance with what point is the transportation of ADR, the value of the control and emergency temperature, the name or symbol of each radionuclide, etc. The need for additional entries depends on the class and the name of the transported cargo and the requirements that It is presented to it (they are all listed in the text of ADR).

Secondly, the transportation of dangerous goods must be accompanied by written instructions: they are compiled in case of an emergency and describe all the necessary measures to do the driver, if an accident occurred, etc. In addition to the transfer of these measures, the instructions also given general memos on which threat is having a dangerous cargo of each class and how to protect yourself in each individual case. It also contains a list of individual and general protection products in the car.

Third, permission to transport dangerous goods (with the coordination of the route), evidence of the admission of a vehicle to the transport of dangerous goods and evidence of ADR on the relevant training of the driver carrying dangerous goods.

Depending on the type of cargo, there may also be a passport of substances (or safety data sheet for chemical products) and certificates - fire, radiation control, etc.

And, of course, the mandatory package of documents includes: technical passport, technical coupon and driver's license. In addition, the cargo itself may be accompanied by an invoice.

By the way, if the transportation of dangerous goods is mixed and moving on the sea is included in it, then you will need another certificate of loading the container / vehicle. The fact is that the pitching of the waves is so affecting the cargo that he, being initially not sufficiently fixed and incorrectly posted, risks to damage and harm both people and the ship, and the environment ... And therefore all loading operations must be made in strict accordance With the existing rules and requirements established by the International Code of Marine Transportation of Dangerous Goods. It is this fact (proper loading and fastening) and confirms this certificate.

However, a clear carrying out of loading and unloading work and a strict acceptance of the cargo to shipment is important regardless of which cargo is driving.

"Primary" operations

First of all, it is necessary to make sure that the car arrived at the loading is allowed to transport dangerous goods (and exactly of this class and name), it does not have damage and meets all the necessary requirements. It is also necessary to make sure that the driver can work with dangerous goods (evidence of ADR) and has all mandatory transportation documents.

All this is the responsibility of the shipper. However, the driver must show vigilance when accepting cargo: check the quality of the packaging (whether it does not have damage, whether it is not visible on it traces of corrosion, pollution, etc. The contained in them, with the one that is indicated on the package.

Naturally, loads must be packed and prepared for transportation in compliance with all rules. It should take into account the packaging group assigned to a particular substance / product depending on the degree of danger. Highlight three packaging groups:

packaging group I: very dangerous cargo;
Packaging group II: just a dangerous cargo;
Packaging group III: slightly dangerous cargo.

Loading and transportation of dangerous goods

Loading of dangerous cargo is carried out in accordance with all the necessary requirements for each class and the name of the substance / product and in detail described in the text of ADR.

At the same time, regardless of the type of dangerous cargo packaging with it, in no case cannot be thrown or subjected to shocks, they must be properly fixed, and if we are talking about shipping in tanks, then when they are filling, it is necessary to leave the so-called. "Waste" to prevent leakage and deformation of the container as a result of fluid expansion.

The vehicle engine during loading and unloading operations must be turned off (except in cases when it is used to launch pumps, etc. mechanisms with which loading / unloading is carried out).

Next to dangerous cargo in no case can not smoke and eat. During loading, fuel heating devices are also prohibited.

If several different cargo is scheduled for in one car, then before you download them, you need to make sure that their joint transport is permitted. For this, there is a special "table of compatibility compatibility table of dangerous goods of different classes" (7.5.2.1), and for cargo of 1st class - "Compatibility Table when loading hazardous goods of the 1st grade of hazards belonging to different groups compatibility»(7.5.2.2).

When transporting the driver is prohibited:

• shy away from the installed route: all changes in the way must be additionally coordinated;
• exceed the speed;
• cropped with a place and brake dramatically: maneuvers must be smooth;
• smoking in the vehicle or at a distance less than 50 meters from the parking lot;
• overtake vehicles moving at a speed of more than 50 km / h;
• transport unauthorized persons: in the cockpit can only be the one who accompanies the cargo, or the second driver;
• tow the vehicle;
• it is excluded from the car without extreme need, leave it on an unguarded parking lot.

When stopping or parking a vehicle, the driver must use the parking brake, and in the case of a slope, use at least two anti-tottal stops.

In addition, vehicles carrying dangerous goods of classes 1, 2, 3, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 and 7 cannot refuel on public gas stations. The refill of the car should be made at a distance of at least 25 meters from the gas station.

The route itself should not pass through the recreation areas, reserves, etc. protected areas, large settlements, near therapeutic, educational, entertainment institutions and large industrial facilities. If it is still different, as through a large settlement, it is impossible to drive, then the vehicle movement is allowed, but with one condition: the path should not run next to therapeutic, educational, preschool, as well as cultural and educational and entertainment institutions.

However, all the nuances of the route were previously established and agreed by Rostransnadzor, the main thing as already noted, not to shy away from the prescribed one.

Support may also be appointed to transport dangerous goods. This solution is usually taken if the delivery of increased danger goods is carried out (Table 1.10.3.1.2 "List of increased danger" ADR) or dangerous goods are transported by a column of vehicles consisting of five or more cars.

The decision is to appoint support or not - in each particular case, RoshranSnadzor takes the route to coordinate the route and issuing permission to travel on road roads. However, when driving a column of vehicles (five or more), accompaniment is always carried out.

When accidental, the driver must follow the requirements set forth in the written instructions issued by the shipper. These instructions lists all the measures that need to be taken in one case or otherwise, the actions of the driver and crew are described, and whether it is worth it independently before the arrival of salvation services, try to eliminate the threat.

However, one way or another the driver should:

• turn on the brake system, turn off the engine, turn off the battery and activate the main switch, if any;
• inform emergency services, informing them as detailed information about the incident and the dangerous cargo, which is transported;
• wear an emergency vest and establish warning signs on the road;
• get from the car transport and accompanying documents in order to save them and transfer to emergency services;
• do not allow an extraneous accident to the place of the accident, if the danger is great, to move as far as possible.

If the car breakdown occurred and the driver cannot eliminate the malfunction independently for two hours, it should cause a transportation machine and report on his forced stop in the nearest territorial body of the internal affairs.

When the cargo is delivered, the consignee should:

• check the integrity of the packaging, compliance with the amount of dangerous cargo with the claimed, verify the data specified on the container, with information posted in the accompanying documents;
• after completing the unloading, clear the body of the car, the container, tank from the balance of the cargo and to displaced them;
• after unloading, cleaning and disinfection, remove with containers / tank marking signs and signs indicating the danger of cargo.

Do I always have ADR rules?

No not always. There are a number of exceptions when the transportation of dangerous cargo is not subject to the requirements of ADR or obeying only some of them.

ADR provisions are not applied at all:

• if dangerous goods are transported by private individuals for their personal consumption or retail (provided that all necessary measures have been taken to prevent the leakage of a hazardous substance);
• when transporting machines or mechanisms containing dangerous goods in their internal or operational equipment;
• if the transport of dangerous goods perform rescue services to apply them when conducting emergency and rescue work;
• with urgent transportation during emergency situations carried out in order to save people or environmental protection;
• on the transport of gases contained in fuel tanks or vehicle cylinders and intended to provide thrust for the functioning of any equipment (for example, refrigeration) used during transport;
• on the transport of gases contained in the equipment used to operate the vehicle (for example, in fire extinguishers), including spare parts (pumped tires);
• for the transportation of gases contained in food, including carbonated drinks;
• for the transportation of gases contained in swords intended for sports;
• for the transport of fuel contained in the fuel tanks of a vehicle and intended for weight traction or to function any vehicle equipment used during transport.

In addition, the order of transportation, packaging requirements, documentation, etc., the application of all the provisions of ADR or only parts of them depends on what quantities the dangerous cargo is transported.

Limited quantities

When dangerous goods are delivered to limited quantities, its transportation does not require obtaining permission to travel on roads, coordination of the route, compiling written instructions, special designation of vehicles that meet the preparation of the driver (obtaining evidence of ADR) and the admission of the vehicle to the transport of dangerous goods. The only thing is necessary on the packaging of special marking sign "Limited quantities".

Of the documents accompanying the goods, in addition to the transport / consumer transport invoice, only the certificate of loading the container / vehicle is obligatory. In addition, it is necessary to carry out general security measures during loading and unloading work and the car movement.

To find out how the quantity of the cargo being converted is considered limited, it is necessary to check with a column 7a of the Table of Dangerous Goods: there is a limit value for the internal container for each substance, products. It should be considered: the maximum mass of gross combined packaging should not exceed 30 kg.

If there is a digit "0" in column 7a - on the transport of this cargo, the relaxation does not apply in any way: regardless of quantity, its transportation must comply with all the requirements of ADR.

For example: on the transport of aerosol canolars (No. 1950) with a mass of net 200 ml (each), packed in cardboard boxes with a mass of gross 6 kg, exhaustion of limited quantities. Since the amount of substance falling on the inner container (200 ml) does not exceed the limit value of 1 l, and the mass of gross containers (6 kg) is a permissible number of 30 kg.

Freed quantities

Transportation of dangerous cargo in liberated quantities does not require accompanying documentation (obtaining permission, coordination of the route, preparation of written instructions), special training of the driver (evidence of ADR), the availability of a vehicle to transport hazardous goods, applying marking inscriptions and signs of danger to packaging, designation of transport funds. An exception - special Sign "Released Quantities".

The only requirements that must be executed is:

• the procedure for preparing employees to flight;
• classification procedure and criteria for assigning a package group;
• requirements for packaging.

To find out how much for cargo is freed, it is necessary to pay attention to the 7B column "List of dangerous goods": the code indicated there says whether it is possible to carry a certain substance / product in the exempted quantities and if so, in which.

So, if the substance has an E0 code, the provisions on the released quantities do not apply to it at all. For E1-E5 codes, the following values \u200b\u200bare valid.

The values \u200b\u200bare indicated: for solids - in grams, for liquids and gases - in milliliters.

Related with quantities transported in one transport unit

If the amount of hazardous substances / products does not exceed a certain, installed for freights of each transport category, then their transportation does not require the placement of information tablets and marking inscriptions (on containers, tank containers, portable tanks and vehicles), preparation of written instructions and transport transmission Means for the transport of dangerous goods.

To find out how much the withdrawal is valid (and acts), it is necessary to referred to a column 15 of the "List of dangerous goods" table, where it is indicated how the transport category includes a hazardous substance or product, and then by the category number it is determined to determine its maximum Total (section ADR 1.1.3.6.3).

The values \u200b\u200bare indicated:

for products - gross mass in kilograms;

for solids, liquefied, cooled liquefied and dissolved gases - Net weight in kilograms;

for liquids - the total amount of hazardous goods contained in liters;

for compressed, adsorbed gases and chemical products under pressure - the nominal capacity of blood vessels in liters.

It should be borne in mind that for substances under N1on:

• 081 (breech explosive type A);
• 0082 (Brusan explosive of type B);
• 0084 (breech type D);
• 0241 (breech type E);
• 0331 (Brusan explosive of type B);
• 0332 (breech type E);
• 0482 (Explosives are very low sensitivity);
• 1005 (anhydrous ammonia);
• 1017 (chlorine)

the maximum total number on the transport unit is 50 kg.

Is it possible to transport hazardous substances and products in the composition of the combined goods?

Yes, it is possible, but not all. To find out which cargoes withstand "Neighborhood" with each other in one body / container and whose proximity will not lead to a dangerous situation, it is necessary to refer to the "Table of Compatibility Table for Dangerous Goods of different classes" (7.5.2.1) and with the "Compatibility Table" When loading hazardous cargo of the 1st hazard class belonging to different compatibility groups (7.5.2.2).

In addition, exemptions associated with quantities that are transported in one transport unit can also be distributed on the premium transportation of dangerous goods. The only thing is to accurately calculate the amount of all substances and products that should not exceed 1,000 conventional units.

For example, you need to transport:

• ten 40-liter compressed oxygen cylinders (No. Ion 1072),
• five 40-liter compressed nitrogen cylinders (No. 1066).

First of all, we look at the compatibility table, can these substances "go" together. Since they all belong to the 2nd class, their joint transport is not prohibited.

Next, we learn the transport category: cargoes belong to the 3rd transport category, the maximum total number for them is 1,000, and therefore, each of the listed cargo does not contradict the seizure requirements: 150 kg of liquid oxygen, 400 l of compressed oxygen and 200 l Compressed nitrogen in cylinders - each of these numbers is less than 1,000.

But it is separate, and together? We fold the number of each cargo - and we obtain the total value of 750 (150 + 400 + 200). And it is also less than 1,000! That is, the corresponding relaxation is applied to this transport.

However, with the joint transport of goods of a different transport category, you should always remember about one nuance: just add the numbers denoting the quantities in which each cargo is transported is impossible.

For cargo:

1st transport category multiply the amount of substance / products by 50;
1st transport category under No. Roson 0081, 0082, 0084, 0241, 0331, 0212, 0482, 1005, 1017 - by 20;
2nd transport category - by 3;
3rd transport category Leave the amount of substance / products unchanged.

After folding the obtained numbers: the amount calculated in this way also should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bof 1,000 conventional units.

For example, you need to carry:

• one drum with cooled liquid oxygen (No. 1073) Net weighing 150 kg,
• one drum with chlorine (No. Ion 1017) net weight 50 kg,
• one drum containing calcium carbide (No. 1402, packaging group II) net weight of 40 kg.

Again, we carry out the compatibility table: cooled liquid oxygen and chlorine refers to the 2nd class, calcium carbide - to class 4.3. We look at the intersection of the corresponding column and lines - everything is fine, the transport is permitted.

After that, we define the transport categories of data of goods:

• cooled liquid oxygen refers to the 3rd category, it means that we leave its number unchanged - 150;
• chlorine is the substance of the 1st transport category, but it is an exception, and therefore it is multiplying its amount by 50, and by 20 and we get 1,000 (50 × 20);
• calcium carbide belongs to the 2nd transport category: multiply 40 by 3 - a finite number is 120.

We fold: 150 + 1 000 + 120 \u003d 1 270. So it does not apply to this shipping.

So, what is required in order to qualitatively carry the transportation of dangerous goods and prevent its adverse effects on people, animal, environment, buildings, structures, equipment, etc.?

The main thing is to know the shipping name of the substance / product and its UN number. At this number it is easy to determine the class of cargo, its transport category, a packaging group, the danger that it represents, the requirements for packaging, loading / unloading, transportation, the choice of vehicle and its designation, compatibility with other dangerous goods, etc.

In addition, to determine whether there are any exemption and exemption in this case or not, it is necessary to know the exact amount of cargo shipping (both in common and entering the internal and external container).

According to international statistics, the proportion of dangerous goods (OG) moving through public roads is half of the total cargo turnover.

The correct organization of transportation of this nature is the key to safe roads..

The senders and recipients of dangerous goods, as a rule, are enterprises operating in the areas of the chemical, petrochemical, pharmaceutical and mining industry.

Their activity should not interfere with ordinary motorists freely move on public roads, and even more so threatening their lives and health. That is why special rules and requirements have been developed for vehicles carrying extension.

The categories of dangerous include substances, materials and products that are able to cause harm to human and animal, the environment, provoke the occurrence of a dangerous situation during transportation.

That is why transportation of such a cargo is governed by a single European document - an agreement on the international road transport of dangerous goods (ADR).

In Europe, this set of rules is denoted by the ADR abbreviation. This document consists of 3 parts: the agreement itself and 2 applications.

ADR agreement was approved and signed by many countries. The goal in this case is understandable and logical - to maximize the level of security during the transportation of dangerous cargo.

In addition, the unified format of ADR makes it possible to simplify enterprises design documentation for similar transportation.

Appendix No. 1 contains a classification of dangerous goods, which includes a list of substances, products, materials that can represent risks for others.

• 1 class;
• 2 - subclass;
• 3 - Danger category;
• 4 - degree of danger.

Dangerous goods are classified as follows:

In the Russian Federation to transport the above goods, in addition to an international agreement, there are still a number of other regulatory documents: permits, tolerances, licenses.

In order for the carriage of hazardous substances and materials to be the most secure, the driver must comply with extreme caution, as well as carry out all the requirements that are contained in the "Rules for the transport of dangerous goods by road" approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 12.04.2011

This regulatory document should be strictly observed by both drivers and organizations that are engaged in transportation.

These rules have been developed as part of the implementation of an international ADR agreement, whose participant is the Russian Federation. Many Russian companies transport dangerous goods beyond their fatherland.

So that cars with dangerous goods could freely cross the border of the European Union, they must comply with the requirements specified in the Agreement, and their drivers are obliged to have a document on the passage of special training.

Video: Transportation of dangerous goods in accordance with the requirements of ADR / Rogat - Explanations and Comments by specialists

Mandatory documents

Requirements to all participants in hazardous transport implies the driver's availability of such documents as:

• license for the access to the cargo transportation related to the category of dangerous;
• document on the passage of inspection;
• resolution of the Ministry of Transport or ATS (in the case of transportation of specially dangerous goods);
• route leaf;
• a document confirming the passage by the driver of a special preparation.

Transportation of dangerous goods is possible only in special cars.

Requirements for motor transport:

• the pipe of the muffler must be carried out forward, in front of the radiator;
• the benzobac is separated from the battery, body, electricians and engine with a impermeable partition;
• electrical wiring is isolated by special material;
• the car must have grounding in the form of a special chain;
• rear is installed shockproof bumper.

In addition to the specified equipment, the car is supplied with special identification signs adopted in the international agreement of all ADR participating countries.

Specialtomobile must be equipped with:

• special inscriptions;
• defined color;
• flashing beacon (flasher) orange color;
• information tablets Sio in front and rear.

What is indicated on the information system tables? A mining code (CAM) is recorded here, folding from a specific set of letters and numbers. Each character indicates a specific action that must be performed to eliminate the effects of a possible emergency.

Emergency Code should be indicated:

• on the package of cargo;
• on the container
• in the information plate on the car body;
• in emergency and information cards.

The decoding of the CAM is contained in information and emergency cards that are available at the driver or the vehicle freight forwarder.

All signs available on the machine must be clearly visible from far distance. Information signs have standard dimensions and must comply with all requirements.

Violations associated with incorrect installation of tables can lead to limitation or suspension of the license of the company - carrier.

In addition, the car must be equipped and staffed to eliminate the consequences of possible emergencies.

Itinerary

Strict requirements are put forward to the transfer route. In some situations, the carrier will require compulsory agreement with the road police. But there are general requirements for the route that cannot be disrupted in any way.

So, on the path of the car with ogs, you should not meet:

• major settlements;
• recreation areas;
• industrial facilities;
• protected natural areas;
• educational institutions;
• health objects;
• territories intended for cultural events.

They depend on the specifics of the cargo. For example, chemicals should be contained in a container made of a material that does not react and does not destroy when interacting with it.

The discharge of such materials includes glass, plastic, metal, cardboard.

But transportation instructions contain several requirements that concern any package:

• compliance with GOST;
• tightness;
• strength and moisture resistance;
• impermeability;
• reliable consolidation;
• marking corresponding to GOST and ADR rules.

Requirements for the driver

Become a driver car carrying out, not easy. For this you need:

• possess experience driving like more vehicle at least 3 years;
• pass a medical examination before each flight;
• have a document confirming the passage of the mandatory instruction or special preparation (certification of ADR).

Training drivers performing transportation of exhaustion includes the development of a special program prescribed to prepare drivers planning to engage in a similar case.

To this end, the driver passes special courses, which are held in accordance with the requirements of ADR.

Here, future drivers are instructed by risks associated with transportation of OG; Meet the basic information necessary to minimize risks and for taking measures in the event of a critical situation.

How to get permission to transport dangerous goods?

To obtain a shipping license, the carrier submits to the state control authorities a statement in which fixes:

• chipboard;
• itinerary;
• responsible for transportation.

The application must accomplish such documents as:

• emergency card;
• approved route of transportation;
• certificates of admission of the vehicle and the driver to the transport of such goods.

Failure to comply with the rules for transporting goods related to the category of dangerous, threatens the carrier and the driver's punishment:

• payment of a fine;
• confiscation of property (including vehicle);
• deprivation of driver's license;
• withdrawing a license and admission to the control of the vehicle.

In addition to administrative measures, criminal punishments are also applied. This is possible with the illegal delivery of dangerous goods. The driver will also be brought to criminal responsibility if it will drive a car in a state of alcohol intoxication.

Please note: if there are no permits during the carriage of the driver, the penalties are waiting not only for him, but also a carrier company, as well as an official who is responsible for shipping.

The size of fines for the transportation of cargo with marking "DANGER!" Without permission:

• for the driver without evidence of ADR - from 2000 to 2500 rubles;
• for transportation transportation organization - from 400,000 to 500,000 rubles;
• for the person responsible for sending and shipping, from 15,000 to 20,000 rubles.

Transportation of dangerous goods - the event is very serious, both for the driver and the carrier company. Persons engaged in similar activities should understand all the responsibility they take on.

Danger surrounding - unacceptable! This should be the main slogan for all carriage participants. And the statement of the requirements and rules, which is given above in the article, should be studied and implemented by them necessarily.