How to make a hole in hardened steel without drilling. Tree ballerina: adjustable drill or how to make a large hole how to enlarge hole in metal

Now the drilling of the holes for large diameter in the metal is not a serious problem. The main thing is to prepare well. Suppose it is necessary to do the hole in the corner, a channel or mortgage to strengthen the building design or hang the shelf, lamp or pipeline. That is, it is not in the conditions of the workshop or workshop, but directly at the place. The easiest way to drill in such conditions to use the electric drill. But, imagine what pressure on it should be applied to drill a hole with a diameter of 16 or 20 mm? The question is not rhetorical - the effort will be about 40-50 kgf. It is not easy to ensure that the alleged hole is located above the shoulder level of the borler. 10 years ago, if such a task occurs, even professionals resorted to autogen and, submit only to drilling small holes around the circumference of the big one. Today there is a very professional solution for this - a crown drilling that provides the production of holes of 11 qualifications.

However, many are confident that the coroned drilling is a fairly expensive method economically beneficial only under industrial volumes. Is such a statement right? Partly. To date, you can choose several options tool and equipment for drilling a hole in a large diameter metal without reassuring. At the same time, the costs of one hole will be justified even when drilling of just a few holes.

Consider what are the options tool, for drilling through holes of a large diameter in the metal offers the market. For comparison, we take the diameter of 51 mm.

First, it is bimetallic crowns. Samples are presented from the cheapest, which are immediately sold by sets and cannot be taken to this review for the reason that their purpose is drilling a tree, and if they are drilled by a metal sheet, it will not be thicker 0.5 mm . At a price of 240 rubles, products with a wall thickness of 1-1.2 mm start, often there is a HSS -CO -CO label on it and even HSS -CO 8, but judging by the fact that the drilling of one hole in the stainless steel is more such such Crowns, cobalt there may be not at all. Twice as good Crowns of more decent quality, really allowing drilling a stainless steel and ordinary steel with a thickness of several millimeters. Bimetallic crowns Such a level allows you to drill 5-20 holes in a steel sheet with a thickness of 5 mm. At the same time, the use of any lubricating and cooling composition ensures the achievement of the upper plank of this range. At the third stage there are bimetallic crowns of world-famous brands that are still twice as expensive, can be equipped with special devices for quick shift in a drill, but on the resource is not much or do not exceed the average price level at all.

The drilling of a large diameter holes in steel sheets with a thickness of more than 5-6 mm for bimetallic crowns is more difficult, although sometimes you can hear another opinion. It is based on data on the full depth of drilling such crowns - 35-38 mm. As a rule, only sellers of bimetallic crowns, which in the range there is no more worthy tool, risk advise to drill 30 mm sheet or beam so far. The fact is that the bimetallic crown is deprived of the chips in the groove, and as soon as the thickness of the muscles becomes greater than the height of the corton tooth, problems with the chips are taped. In addition, the housing of the bimetallic crown is not quite a cylindrical shape, it causes a stirring in the metal of solid thickness.

Unlike bimetallic crowns, provide more accurate drilling. The housing of the carbide ring saw is accurate, while the bimetallic crown rolled out of the tape and welded into the ring. There are several types of carbide drilling crowns. Without deepening in the types of shanks and fastening types, we will analyze only the cutting part. The most expensive part of the crown is a solid alloy teeth. From the quality of the material, the speed of drilling, stroke resistance, crown resource and the ability to drill alloyed steel with high chromium was depends.

The second feature on which attention should be paid is a shape of a tooth and its size. For drilling of thin-grained steel, fine stainless steel and non-ferrous metals, a narrow tooth with a flat profile is used, slightly bevelled inside. These crowns also do not have a chips in the groove, and the metal to drill them thicker the height of their tooth will not work. The price of such crowns is two to three times higher than that of bimetallic crowns, depending on the design of their housing, they can be intended or. Since these are professional samples, currently their fakes are not very common, and almost all samples of acceptable quality samples are available, but excellent quality needs to be chosen from producers specializing in these products.

Thirdly metal can be drilled. In such crowns, each second or, as a rule, one of three consecutive carbide teeth is sharpened in its own way. It provides a soft cutting, lack of vibration, reducing the load on the cutting edges and, as a result, an increase in the rowing resource. In such crowns, there is a short or long, almost all over the height of the wall shabby groove. The first variant of the crown allows the metal to be drilled with a thickness of up to 12 mm, and - up to 25 mm. It is this embodiment of a tool for drilling a hole in a large diameter metal is the most progressive, providing better performance and quality. The price of such crowns is 20-30% higher than that of thin-walled and in the absolute value of 1880 - 1910 rubles, as we agreed, for the crown with a diameter of 51 mm. As well as everywhere in nature, there are deviations in one direction or another to 2 times, but, as usual, we are considering building a golden middle.

A variant at which the metal is rather thick, say 10 mm, and the diameter of the hole 20-25 mm can be solved. It is recommended that the drive is recommended, but you can use the electric drill. With the mentioned attachment machine, 21 164 rubles without VAT, and with a drill - thousand 5,000 - 5,500.

For a hole with a diameter of 50-60 mm, with such a metal thickness, the use of a magnetic or stationary drilling machine is unambiguously required. A large load determines the greater value of investments in equipment, and together with the crown will be about 56,000 rubles, or, option with magnetic rack drilling machine and a separately acquired drill of about 50,000. Drill such holes drill with hands - the occupation is not only heavy, but also dangerous.

The drilling of a manual electric drill in metal with a thickness of up to 5 mm of a large diameter holes is not possible when using both bimetallic and carbide crowns. The tool selection is carried out depending on the required accuracy. When drilling holes with bimetallic crown, the ovality of the holes and an increase in the diameter from the desired can reach 4% or in absolute terms - 2 - 3 mm. When drilling a carbide crown - only 0.6 - 1 mm. In addition, all carbide crowns presented in the review, and almost all that are in the market of crowns for metal, drilled and stainless steel.

Often in working with wood and materials based on it, there is a need to drill a flat round hole. You can use a jigsaw or a mill, but not always such a tool is at hand or to perform their work is simply inconvenient. Easy the task can flee ballerka.

What is a ballerina on a tree

A circular adjustable drill "Ballerinka" - a device that is intended for drilling round holes of large diameter. The tool has a simple design. It is a shank with a transverse barbell, on which moving carriages with cutters are fixed. The rod has a markup at which you can set the necessary breaks of the cutters relative to the center of the intended hole. In the middle of the shank, the core drill is fixed. It serves as a centering element and support when drilling.

In addition to designs with two cutting elements, located symmetrically, there are balletics with one cutter or even with three. In the latter case, they are located on the basis of a disk with grooves.

Tool functionality

The quality ballerina is made of high-strength steel, which makes it possible to use a device in working with soft and solid rocks of wood.

This tool has an adjustable drilling diameter. This allows you to do the holes of almost any diameter. Restriction of the range of drilling depends on the size of the ballerina. Manufacturers produce devices with the following limits of the ruins of the cutters:

• from 30 to 120 mm;
• from 40 to 200 mm;
• from 40 to 300 mm;
• from 40 to 400 mm.

The maximum drilling diameter is limited to the rod, on which the cutters are attached. The minimum - the thickness of the shank.

The drill-ballerina can be used in any places where the use of an electrolybiz or a manual milling mill will be inconvenient. For example, it can be assembled and installed furniture, in the details of which you need to drill a neat hole, given the limited space. Another example is an uneven (curved or concave) surface. Lobzik or milling make it all smoothly and neatly it is unlikely to work. It will be difficult to control the slope of the tool relative to the surface. Ballerinka will easily cope with such a task.

Features of working with a tool

The principle of working with a circular drill is simple. The centering drill is killed a hole, and then the cutters turn into operation. They gradually do a narrow groove, gradually cutting the material in a circle for the entire depth.

Materials used in working with a ballet diverse: wood, fiberboard, chipboard, MDF, plasterboard, plastic. A total one moment - the thickness of the part should be no more than 15-20 millimeters. This parameter is limited to the length of the incisors. Usually the manufacturer specifies the maximum drilling depth on the package. When trying to drill the material of greater thickness, problems can arise with torn edges.

To use a tool with one cutter, a beating is characterized. This is caused by the lack of balancing relative to the longitudinal axis of drilling. Especially the beat will be felt when cutting the holes of a large diameter. Cut holes with a drill should be on small or medium turns. When working on a drilling machine, such problems does not occur.

Also inconvenience when working can deliver a laminated or veneered surface. After passing the decorative layer, the drilling takes place without problems.

A feature of the circular drill can be considered the possibility of adjusting the diameter. The distance between the cutters can be exhibited on a bar on a bar or more accurately with a caliper. It is convenient if you need to make a hole without gaps under the pipe or round item.

The separation of the cutters relative to the center is regulated separately. It is necessary to more accurately set the cutting parts. It will save from the extra effort during operation and will prolong the service life of the tool.

How to choose and how to pay attention

Choose high-quality circular drill is easy enough. The main thing is to know the highlights to which attention should be paid first, but also not to miss the little things.

Design, very important point: The floor ballerina is with one cutter or two or more. For frequent use, it is better to purchase a variant with two or three cutting elements. Such devices are easier to work and the quality of the processing will be at an acceptable level.

It will not be superfluous to replace individual parts. Inexpensive circular roller can have a one-piece shank with a barbed central drill and a barbell.

Metal, from its quality depends the strength and ability to withstand workloads. High-quality tools are made of high strength steel or alloys. The shape of the shank and the holders of the cutters are attached to the machine. The rod is typically stamped and made of the same metal.

In cheap versions, soft metal or alloys can often be used, which may be fragile. Under the load, the details can be deformed or collapsed. Such a tool will not last long and accuracy will also achieve accuracy.

The quality of manufacture, the main feature is the absence of hopes and distortions. All items must be fitted to each other and securely secure locking screws.

Marking of a high-quality ballerina rod stamped. Sometimes divisions allocate bright paint for better visibility.

Cutters, high-quality cutting elements are made of instrumental tempered steel. On the holders they are fixed with ripples or by soldering. One-piece cutters with holders (made from the same metal) are quickly blinking and do not differ in durability.

Manufacturer, when choosing any tool and consumables, preference should be given to the well-known and long-proven brands and brands. The most common - Topfix, Stayer, Irwin, Strum.

Acquisition of an adjustable circular drill for use in everyday life, or, if necessary, drill a few holes, fully justifies itself. It eliminates the need to acquire an expensive tool that may be needed only a few times.

Work on the drilling of holes in the metal, depending on the type of holes and properties of the metal, can be performed by a different tool and using various techniques. About drilling methods, tools, as well as safety techniques When performing these works, we want to tell you.

The drilling of the holes in the metal may be needed when repairing engineering systems, household appliances, car, creating structures from sheet and profile steel, designing aluminum and copper crafts, in the manufacture of boards for radio equipment and in many other cases. It is important to understand which tool is needed for each type of work so that the holes are the desired diameter and in a strictly intended place, and what safety measures will help to avoid injury.

Tools, fixtures, drills

The main tools for drilling are manual and electric drills, as well as, if possible, drilling machines. The working body of these mechanisms is drill - may have a different form.

Distinguish drills:

• spiral (most common);
• screw;
• crowns;
• conical;
• pern, etc.

Production rolled various designs is normalized by numerous gtales. Twisted to Ø 2 mm are not labeled, to Ø 3 mm - on the shank it is indicated by a cross section and steel grade, large diameters may contain additional information. To obtain a hole of a certain diameter, you need to take a drill for several tenth millimeters less. The better the drill is sharpened, the smaller the difference between these diameters.

Rolls differ not only with a diameter, but also length - short, extended and long. Important information is the limiting hardness of the cultivated metal. The shank rolled can be cylindrical and conical, which should be borne in mind when selecting a drilling cartridge or transition sleeve.

1. Drill with a cylindrical shank. 2. Drill with a conical shank. 3. Drill with switches for thread. 4. Center drill. 5. Drill with two diameters. 6. Centering drill. 7. Conical drill. 8. Conical multistage drill

Some works and materials require a special sharpening. The stringently the metal processed, the sharper the edge should be sharpened. For a thin metal, the usual spiral drill may not come up, you will need a tool with a special sharpening. Detailed recommendations for various types of rolling and processed metals (thickness, hardness, type of hole) are quite extensive, and we will not consider them in this article.

Different types of drill sharpening. 1. For rigid steel. 2. For stainless steel. 3. For copper and copper alloys. 4. For aluminum and aluminum alloys. 5. For cast iron. 6. Bakelit.

1. Standard sharpening. 2. Free sharpening. 3. Diluted sharpening. 4. Heavy sharpening. 5. Separate sharpening

To secure parts before drilling, vice, stops, conductors, corners, bolts, and other devices are used. This is not only a safety requirement, it is actually more convenient, and the holes are obtained better.

To remove the champers and processing the channel surface, use the cylindrical or conical shape, and for the point of the point under drilling and the drill "not jumped" - the hammer and kerner.

Tip! The best swells are still considered to be issued in the USSR - the exact following GOST according to the geometry and composition of the metal. Good and German Ruko with titanium spraying, and also rolled from Bosch - proven quality. Good products about Haisser products are powerful, as a rule, large diameter. A dignity showed themselves the bison, especially the Cobalt series.

Drilling modes

It is very important to securely fix and send the drill, as well as select cutting mode.

When performing holes in the metal drilling, important factors are the number of drill speeds and feed force attached to the drill, directed by its axis, ensuring the drill tolerance at one turn (mm / O). When working with various metals and swells, various cutting modes are recommended, and the more hard-processed metal and the larger the diameter of the drill, the smaller the recommended cutting speed. The correct mode indicator is beautiful, long chips.

Take advantage of the tables to choose the right mode and do not fasten the drill prematurely.

Feed S 0, mm / about	Diameter of drill d, mm
	2,5	4	6	8	10	12	146	20	25	32
	Cutting speed V, m / min
When drilling steel
0,06	17	22	26	30	33	42	—	—	—	—
0,10	—	17	20	23	26	28	32	38	40	44
0,15	—	—	18	20	22	24	27	30	33	35
0,20	—	—	15	17	18	20	23	25	27	30
0,30	—	—	—	14	16	17	19	21	23	25
0,40	—	—	—	—	—	14	16	18	19	21
0,60	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	14	15	11
When drilling cast iron
0,06	18	22	25	27	29	30	32	33	34	35
0,10	—	18	20	22	23	24	26	27	28	30
0,15	—	15	17	18	19	20	22	23	25	26
0,20	—	—	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22
0,30	—	—	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	19
0,40	—	—	—	—	14	14	15	16	16	17
0,60	—	—	—	—	—	—	13	14	15	15
0,80	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	13
When drilling aluminum alloys
0,06	75	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
0,10	53	70	81	92	100	—	—	—	—	—
0,15	39	53	62	69	75	81	90	—	—	—
0,20	—	43	50	56	62	67	74	82	-	-
0,30	—	—	42	48	52	56	62	68	75	—
0,40	—	—	—	40	45	48	53	59	64	69
0,60	—	—	—	—	37	39	44	48	52	56
0,80	—	—	—	—	—	—	38	42	46	54
1,00	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	42

Table 2. Correction factors

Table 3. Turns and feed with different diameter of drill and drilling carbon steel

Types of holes in the metal and methods of their drilling

Types of holes:

• deaf;
• cross-cutting;
• half (incomplete);
• deep;
• large diameter;
• for internal threads.

Threaded holes require the definition of diameters with tolerances set in GOST 16093-2004. For widespread hardware, the calculation is shown in Table 5.

Table 5. The ratio of metric and inch threads, as well as selection of the size of the hole for deploying

Metric carving				Inch thread				Pipe thread
Diameter of thread	Thread step, mm	Thread diameter		Diameter of thread	Thread step, mm	Thread diameter		Diameter of thread	Thread diameter
		min.	max.			min.	max.
M1.	0,25	0,75	0,8	3/16	1,058	3,6	3,7	1/8	8,8
M1,4	0,3	1,1	1,15	1/4	1,270	5,0	5,1	1/4	11,7
M1,7	0,35	1,3	1,4	5/16	1,411	6,4	6,5	3/8	15,2
M2.	0,4	1,5	1,6	3/8	1,588	7,7	7,9	1/2	18,6
M2.6	0,4	2,1	2,2	7/16	1,814	9,1	9,25	3/4	24,3
M3.	0,5	2,4	2,5	1/2	2,117	10,25	10,5	1	30,5
M3.5	0,6	2,8	2,9	9/16	2,117	11,75	12,0	—	—
M4.	0,7	3,2	3,4	5/8	2,309	13,25	13,5	11/4	39,2
M5	0,8	4,1	4,2	3/4	2,540	16,25	16,5	13/8	41,6
M6	1,0	4,8	5,0	7/8	2,822	19,00	19,25	11/2	45,1
M8.	1,25	6,5	6,7	1	3,175	21,75	22,0	—	—
M10.	1,5	8,2	8,4	11/8	3,629	24,5	24,75	—	—
M12.	1,75	9,9	10,0	11/4	3,629	27,5	27,75	—	—
M14	2,0	11,5	11,75	13/8	4,233	30,5	30,5	—	—
M16	2,0	13,5	13,75	—	—	—	—	—	—
M18	2,5	15,0	15,25	11/2	4,333	33,0	33,5	—	—
M20	2,5	17,0	17,25	15/8	6,080	35,0	35,5	—	—
M22	2,6	19,0	19,25	13/4	5,080	33,5	39,0	—	—
M24.	3,0	20,5	20,75	17/8	5,644	41,0	41,5	—	—

Through holes

Through holes permeate the workpiece completely, forming a passage in it. The peculiarity of the process is to protect the surface of the workbench or countertops from the release of the drill beyond the workpiece, which can damage both the drill itself, as well as supply the billet "Busken" - GARTA. To avoid this, the following ways are used:

• use workbench with hole;
• put under the part for a piece of wood or "sandwich" - wood + metal + tree;
• put under the part metal bar with a hole for the free passage of the drill;
• reduce the feed rate at the last stage.

The last method is required when driving holes "at the place" so as not to damage closely located surfaces or parts.

The holes in the thin metal metal are cut with perovy rods, because the spiral drill hurts the edge of the workpiece.

Deaf hole

Such holes are performed on a certain depth and do not permeate the workpiece through. You can measure the depth in two ways:

• limiting the length of the drill in the sleeve focus;
• limiting the length of the drill with a cartridge with adjustable focus;
• using a ruler fixed on the machine;
• combination of methods.

Some machines are equipped with an automatic feed system to a predetermined depth, after which the mechanism stops. In the process of drilling, you may need to stop working several times to remove the chips.

Holes of complex shape

Holes located on the edge of the workpiece (half) can be performed by connecting the edges and pressing two blanks or blanks and gasket and driving a complete hole. The gasket must be made of the same material as the workpiece being processed, otherwise the drill will "leave" in the direction of the smallest resistance.

The through hole in the corner (profile metal) is performed by fixing the workpiece in the vice and using a wooden gasket.

It is more difficult to perform the drilling of a cylindrical billet by tangent. The process is divided into two operations: preparation perpendicular opening of the site (milling, zenkovka) and the actual drilling. The drill of the holes in the surfaces located at an angle are also starting from the preparation of the site, after which the wooden gasket is inserted between the planes, forming a triangle, and drilled the hole through the angle.

Hollow parts are drilled by filling out the cavity of the tube from the wood.

Holes with ledges are obtained using two techniques:

1. Crew. The hole is drilled over the entire depth of the smallest diameter drill, after which it is drilled to a predetermined depth. The advantage of the method is a well-centered hole.
2. Reduce diameter. The hole of the maximum diameter is drilled on the predetermined depth, then the roller change with a sequential decrease in diameter and the recess of the hole. In this case, the method is easier to control the depth of each stage.

1. Development of the hole. 2. Reducing diameter

Large diameter holes, ring drill

Obtaining a large diameter holes in massive blanks, a thickness of up to 5-6 mm, the case is time consuming and cost. Relatively small diameters - up to 30 mm (a maximum of 40 mm) can be obtained using cones, and better step-conical swells. For larger diameter holes (up to 100 mm), hollow bimetallic crowns or crowns with carbide teeth with a centering drill will be needed. And the masters traditionally in this case recommended Bosch, especially on a solid metal, for example, steel.

Such an annular drilling is less energy-proof, but may be more costly financially. In addition to the roller, the power of a drill and the ability to work at the lowest revs. Moreover, the thickness of the metal, the stronger the hole in the machine will want, and with a large number of holes in a sheet with a thickness of more than 12 mm, it is better to immediately look for such an opportunity.

In a thin-plate billet, a large diameter hole is obtained using narrow-grained crowns or cutter, fixed on the "Bulgarian", but the edges in the latter case leave the best.

Deep holes, coolant

Sometimes it is required to perform a deep hole. In theory, it is a hole, the length of which is five times more diameter. In practice, deeply called drilling, requiring forced periodic removal of chips and the use of coolant (lubricating and cooling fluids).

In the coolant drilling is needed primarily to reduce the temperature of the drill and billets, which are heated by friction. Therefore, when obtaining holes in copper, which has a high thermal conductivity and itself is capable of removing heat, coolant can not be applied. Cast iron (except high-strength) is concerned relatively easily and without lubrication.

Industrial oils, synthetic emulsions, emulsols and some hydrocarbons are used in production. In domestic workshops you can use:

• technical Vaseline, castor oil - for soft steels;
• economic soap - for aluminum alloys of type D16T;
• kerosene mixture with castor oil - for duralumin;
• soap water - for aluminum;
• skipidar, diluted with alcohol - for silumin.

Universal cooled liquid can be prepared independently. To do this, it is necessary to dissolve 200 g of soap in a bucket of water, add 5 spoons of machine oil, can be used, and boil the solution until a soapy homogeneous emulsion is obtained. Some wizards to reduce friction use pork fat.

Processed material	Lubricating and coolant
Steel:
carbonistic	Emulsion. Heated oil
structural	Cereal oil with kerosene
instrumental	Mixed oils
alloyed	Mixed oils
Cast iron puffy	3-5% emulsion
Cast iron cast	Without cooling. 3-5% emulsion. Kerosene
Bronze	Without cooling. Mixed oils
Zinc	Emulsion
Brass	Without cooling. 3-5% emulsion
Copper	Emulsion. Mixed oils
Nickel	Emulsion
Aluminum and its alloys	Without cooling. Emulsion. Mixed oils. Kerosene
Stainless, heat-resistant alloys	A mixture of 50% of the drying oil, 30% kerosene, 20% oleic acid (or 80% sulfofresol and 20% oleic acid)
Fiber, viniplast, plexiglass and so on	3-5% emulsion
Textolit, Getinaks	Grinding with compressed air

Deep holes can be performed with solid and annular drilling, and in the latter case, the central rod formed by the rotation of the crown is not entirely, and with parts, weakening it with additional holes of the small diameter.

The solid drilling is performed in a well-fixed billet with a spiral drill, in the channels of which is supplied. Periodically, without stopping the rotation of the drill, it is necessary to extract it and purify the cavity from the chips. The work with a spiral drill is performed in stages: first they take a short and screw the hole, which then bueys the corresponding size drill. With a significant depth of the opening, it is desirable to use guide conductor sleeves.

With regular deletion of deep holes, you can recommend the purchase of a special machine with automatic coolant feed to the drill and accurate centers.

Drilling on markup, template and conductor

You can drill holes by setting up or without it - using a template or conductor.

Marking is performed by kerner. The hammer impact is planned for the tile of drill. Feltaster, too, you can mark the place, but the hole must also be so that the tip does not move from the intended point. The work is performed in two stages: pre-drilling, control of the opening, final drilling. If the drill "left" from the planned center, a narrow chisel is made of notches (grooves), sending the edge to a specified place.

To determine the center of the cylindrical billet, use a square piece of fusions bent under 90 ° so that the height of one shoulder is approximately one radius. Applying a corner from different sides of the workpiece, swipe along the edge. As a result, you have an area around the center. You can find the center by theorem - the intersection of perpendicular from two chords.

The template is needed when performing a series of uniform parts with multiple holes. It is convenient to use it for a pack of thin-leaf blanks, connected clamps. So at the same time, you can get a few drilled blanks. Instead of a template, sometimes the drawing or scheme is used, for example, in the manufacture of parts for radio equipment.

The conductor uses when the accuracy of the detention of distances between the holes and the strict perpendicularity of the channel is very important. When drilling deep holes or when working with thin-walled tubes, in addition to the conductor, guides can be used, locking the position of the drill relative to the metal surface.

When working with power tools, it is important to remember the safety of a person and premature the premature wear of the instrument and a possible marriage. In this regard, we collected some useful tips:

1. Before work, you need to check the attachments of all items.
2. Clothing when working on a machine or with an electric drill should not be with elements capable of entering rotating parts. Eyes from chips protect the glasses.
3. The drill when approaching the metal surface should be rotated, otherwise it quickly fills.
4. It is necessary to remove the drill from the hole without turning off the drill, if possible, reducing turnover.
5. If the drill does not deepen into the metal, it means that its hardness is lower than that of the workpiece. Increased hardness in steel can be revealed by spending on a sample with a file - the absence of traces indicates increased hardness. In this case, the drill must be chosen from solid alloy with additives and work on low revs with a small feed.
6. If the small diameter drill is poorly fixed in the cartridge, wrap on its shank several turns of brass wire, increasing the diameter to capture.
7. If the surface of the workpiece is polished, wear the felt washer on the drill to be guaranteed not to apply scratches even when contact with the drill patron. When fixing billets from polished or chrome steel, use gaskets from fabric or skin.
8. In the manufacture of deep holes, a rectangular piece of foam plastic, planted on the drill, can serve as a meter and simultaneously, rotating, blow up a small chips.

To improve the main characteristics of the metal, it is often necessary for its hardening. Such technology provides for improving the hardness of the product due to strong heating of the metal and its rapid cooling. In some cases, after thermal processing, it is necessary to perform drilling. Due to the increase in such a characteristic, the drilling of Kalenny metal becomes more difficult. Consider all the features of drilling kalena steel more.

Drill hole in kalena steel

Distribution of the question, how to drill Kalenny Steel can be associated with the fact that when using ordinary technology, the tool is quickly blinking and comes to unsuitability. That is why it is necessary to pay attention to the specifics of the drilling of the Kalenny alloy. Among the features of the technology, we note the following points:

1. It is necessary to properly prepare a crawling workpiece.
2. In some cases, a special tool is required.
3. The coolant is used.

If necessary, you can make a drill for hardened steel with your own hands, for which certain equipment and skills are required. However, in most cases, the purchase options apply to the purchase options, as it can be better cope with the task when cutting Calen Steel.

Nuances when drilling

The technology under consideration has a fairly large number of features that need to be taken into account. Kalented metal drilling is carried out according to the following points:

1. Before working, the attention of the surface hardness should be paid. This parameter selects the most suitable drill. It is possible to determine the hardness when applying a wide variety of technologies.
2. During drilling there is a large amount of heat. That is why there is a rapid wear of the cutting edge. In this regard, in many cases, the cutting liquid is supplied to the cutting zone.
3. When cutting a hardware material, it has to sharpen the cutting edge from time to time. To do this, an ordinary sharpening machine or a special tool is applied. As an abrasive, an exclusively circle with a diamond spraying is suitable.

There are various methods for cutting kanenic steel. Some of them significantly simplify the processing. Only when taking into account all the nuances can be improved the quality of the obtained hole.

Useful techniques when drilling

A variety of technologies can be applied to working with Kalena Steel. The most common technologies are characterized by the following features:

1. Surface treatment with acid. This technology is characterized by long-term use, as it takes a fairly large amount of time to reduce surface hardness. Sulfur, chlorine or other acid can be used to etch. The procedure provides for the creation of a side, which will restrain the applied substance in the cutting zone. After a long exposure, the metal becomes softer, it will be possible to carry out drilling when using the usual version of the execution.
2. You can use a welding machine to achieve the goal. When exposed to high temperatures, the metal becomes softer, which greatly simplifies the procedures.
3. Most often a special drill is applied. The versions are found on sale, which can be used to treat Kalena steel. With their manufacture, the metal is used with increased wear resistance and high temperature exposure. However, the complexity of manufacture and some other moments determine that the cost of a special tool is quite high.

In addition, a missile is often purchased to achieve his goal. With it, you can make a small hole, which will simplify further drilling.

Use of lubricants

When drilling kaleno, serious friction occurs. That is why it is recommended to acquire and use various lubricants. Among the features of such a method of processing, we note the following points:

1. For starters, the drilling zone is processed. On the surface where the hole will be, a small amount of lubricant is applied.
2. Oil is added to the cutting edge. For colena processing, a small amount of substance is required, but it is necessary to add it from time to time, since when the tool is rotated it is split.
3. During work it is recommended to take breaks for cooling the cutting surface and the surface being treated.

Special oil allows not only to simplify drilling, but also to increase the service life of the applied tool.

This is due to the fact that the oil can reduce the temperature of the cutting edge.

Choosing a drill

Spiral drills, which are represented by a vertical rod with two grooves, were quite large. Due to a certain location of the grooves, the cutting edge is formed. Among the characteristics of the choice, we note the following points:

1. Pretty much spread received a winning drill. It can be used to work with various kalen alloys. However, the surface with too high hardness does not process like a tool.
2. The choice is carried out in the diameter indicator. It should be borne in mind that getting the hole of the large diameter is quite difficult. The version of the larger diameter is much more expensive due to the use of a large amount of material in its manufacture.
3. Attention is paid to the angle of sharpening, the purpose of the product and the type of material used in the manufacture. For example, cobalt versions are characterized by higher resistant to the effects of high temperature.
4. It is recommended to pay attention to the products of exclusively well-known manufacturers. This is due to the fact that Chinese version embodiments are manufactured using low-quality materials. However, such a proposal costs much cheaper and can be used for non-plum or disposable work.
5. When you select the drill, you can navigate the applied marking. It can determine which materials used in the manufacture of. Also indicates the diameter of the opening that can be obtained when using the tool.

In a specialized store you can find almost everything you need for work. However, a fairly high cost of the product and some other moments determine what some decide to produce drill on their own from the primary materials. Such work can be carried out in the presence of requiring tools.

Manufacture of self-made drill

If necessary, you can make the manufacture of drill from kalena steel. Among the basic recommendations for this work, we note:

1. Rods are selected, which are made of tungsten and cobalt alloys. In the people, such metal is called winning. In comparison with the usual drill, such an embodiment is characterized by increased resistance to wear.
2. For processing the workpiece you need to fix it in small visits. Otherwise, to carry out work will be quite complex.
3. To drain such a surface requires a diamond stone. The usual will not stand long work.
4. The end surface is sharpened so that the surface resembling a flat screwdriver is obtained. After that, the cutting edges are sharpened to obtain an acute tip.

In order to reduce the degree of surface time consumption, an oil is added. Due to this, long-term processing is provided due to reducing the friction force and temperature reduction.

In conclusion, we note that the treatment of kalena steel should be carried out exclusively when applying special tools. A drilling device is required for work, since manual will not allow the desired hole.