Dear brothers and sisters Stalin. Stalin's historical appeals to the Soviet people (sound recordings of speech). The enemy will be defeated

13:11 27.07.2016 | ARTICLES and COMMENTS

To the 75th anniversary of Stalin's address to the Soviet people

Such is our history - great and long-suffering, that there is not a single, as they say, "living place" in it, equally perceived and valued now by the community of the Russian world.

Even this, ingenious in its simplicity, deeply meaningful beginning in the leader's address to the Soviet people is interpreted by liberal circles - public and church, who have grown bolder, which did not arise suddenly - as flirting with the people, a forced replacement for the usual Bolshevik rhetoric.

« Comrades! Citizens! Brothers and sisters! Soldiers of our army and navy! I turn to you, my friends!» , - with deep feeling, for the first time in Russian history with such words, Stalin began his speech on the radio on July 3, 1941.

In the verbal triad - “Comrades! Citizens! Brothers and sisters!”, as in a drop of water, reflected the changed, after October 17, the composition of the society of the former Russian Empire. At the head of his "citizens", in the first place, were "comrades", but both of them - all of them, after all, are "brothers and sisters", among whom there are many, direct in spirit, heirs of Orthodox Russia, for whom these two words are particularly memorable and familiar.

Of course, not everything was so simple in Soviet society, and the war confirmed this. Many "citizens" did not fully accept the "comrades", being unable to forgive them "their deeds" in the Red Terror, in the genocide of the Russian people, the destruction of churches and clergy. But, in the words “brothers and sisters”, a call for unification sounded: “A serious danger loomed over our Motherland.”

Common sense, if it is not deliberately turned off, does not allow us to deny the leading role of Stalin - the Supreme Commander of the USSR Armed Forces, Chairman of the State Defense Committee in the victory of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War. The history of this difficult war testifies that the victory, in the end, was achieved due to the superiority of the Soviet army over the Nazi army, equipped better than the German one with military equipment, thanks to the better organization of the work of the entire industry of the USSR, by the incredible, heroic efforts of all the people at the front and in rear, in partisan detachments and in underground resistance.

The demagogic rhetoric of the liberal hierarch of the Russian Orthodox Church: “I believe that Stalin was a monster, a spiritual freak who created a terrible, anti-human system of governing the country, built on lies, violence and terror. He unleashed genocide against the people of his country and bears personal responsibility for the death of millions of innocent people. In this regard, Stalin is quite comparable to Hitler ... Victory in the war is the victory of the people. A people that showed the greatest will to resist. The miracle of victory in the war is a great manifestation of the strength of the spirit of our people, which neither Stalin nor Hitler managed to break” [Metropolitan Hilarion (Alfeev). Mission in the world].

"Miracle" is Soviet military equipment: for a long time the best Russian artillery in the world - "God of War", the best tank of the Second World War T-34, the best "flying tank" in the world - the Il-2 armored attack aircraft (the most massive aircraft of World War II ), the famous rocket artillery "Katyusha", which terrified the Nazis.

Stalin personally knew all the designers, directors of factories working for the armament of the army, kept under control the timing and number of produced military equipment. So many films have been written and shot about this that only a person who does not want to know and accept the obvious can not know these facts of history.

But, no matter how great Stalin's merits in building socialism in the USSR, victory in the Great Patriotic War, creating our "nuclear shield", his attitude towards the Russian Orthodox Church, assessment of the power of that period - remain the main ones in our religious consciousness. Was Stalin's power from God, or was he really a "monster, a spiritual freak" who can be compared with Hitler? Let's take a closer look at this topic.

For people of my generation - Komsomol members of the 50s, who stood at the mourning post at the banner in those March days of 1953, for our front-line parents - the comparison of Stalin with Hitler is unthinkable, blasphemous and insulting. My own uncle Klemenov Moisei Kaleevich, a participant in the Battle of Stalingrad, on his last trip to his sister, took with him, along with medals, award certificates for military merit, signed by Stalin. In our city hospital, he soon died, before his death he asked that a rifle salvo be fired at his grave. But he was a private, and this is how military men are buried, only starting with a major, as the local military commissar explained to his mother. Originally from the Kuban, Uncle Moses was a calm, self-possessed person, but I don’t know if he would have restrained himself when he heard such words about Stalin.

On the "Russian People's Line", in the "topical topic" "Stalin", one of its authors explained to readers about people insulting the memory of the leader: « People who curse Stalin are those who understand that they are revealed as the fifth column of our reality.» [Hegumen Evstafiy: Stalin's dialectic - red against black].

I will add, as I understand it, in a broader sense, these words are true: these people cut off their retreat routes, inspired by forces from outside, they decided to go against Russia and its people.

Stalin destroyed the demons generated by the revolution on Russian soil. Stalin expelled fascist demons from the Russian land. And therefore, following the words of St. John Chrysostom, we say that it is ridiculous and reckless to identify Hitler with Stalin and say that both of them had power not from God...

Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia Kirill in July 2009, speaking live on the largest Ukrainian TV channel Inter, said: Both in Nazism and in Stalinism there are repressions, and against their own people, too, as in many other regimes that existed. But how is Nazism different from any other system? It is distinguished by its misanthropy... This is a policy and philosophy that justifies any human cruelty that aims to destroy people. This is why you can't put everything on the same level»...

And the President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin, regarding the given topic, said that “ it is impossible to put Nazism and Stalinism on the same level, because the Nazis directly, openly, publicly announced one of the goals of their policy - the destruction of entire ethnic groups: Jews, Gypsies, Slavs. With all the ugliness of the Stalinist regime, with all the repressions, even with all the exiles of entire peoples, the Stalinist regime never set itself the goal of destroying peoples, and an attempt to put one and the other on the same level has absolutely no foundation.» [cit. by: Igor Evsin. ].

The issue of repression remains one of the key issues in assessing the acts of Stalin. Just do not attribute to him, unprecedented in scale, the genocide of the Russian people under Lenin, perpetrated by his comrades-in-arms Sverdlov, Zinoviev, Trotsky, and there are no number of his associates and successors of the world, global revolution. Hegumen Evstafiy, whose words have already been quoted, speaking about the suffering and the dialectical nature of Stalin's policy, explains: the victims of the Stalinist period were not in vain - they were historically inevitable victims of creation, the construction of a country in which future generations could then live happily.

By the way, Metropolitan Hilarion (Alfeev) grew up safely, received an education, including music, which was so useful to him in the army even now, in this country created under Stalin's rule. The victims of the collapse of the USSR, privatization, with its bloody, you can’t say otherwise, redistribution of property, the construction of now, who knows what, capitalism is no less than the “Stalinist repressions” deliberately exaggerated by the Trotskyist Nikita Khrushchev.

Under Stalin, a noticeable increase in the population of the country began: abortions were banned, nurseries, kindergartens, schools were built, human rights to free medical care, education, social security, old-age pensions were realized in practice.

What people are most worried about right now is justice, which has always been in the price in Russia: to live in good conscience. Under Stalin, if there was corruption, it was not in power structures, but mostly in trade. Today, the authorities cannot cope with corruption, even at its highest levels - governors and ministers. Now tell me, was Stalin's power not pleasing to God?!

Stalin creatively, in accordance with the current moment, approached the problems of ideology, considering it the key to educating the people. Here is what one of the authors of the RNL writes about this.

“Recall, for example, how the Soviet ideology changed during the Great Patriotic War. With one appeal of "brothers and sisters" on July 3, 1941, Stalin changed our ideological official doctrine - a completely different spirit blew. He was deeply alien to the atheist Bolsheviks and Trotskyists...

Stalin betrayed pure Leninism-Bolshevism, primarily in spirit. He abandoned the goals of the "world revolution", he put at the forefront the state interests of the empire he was recreating, he rehabilitated Russian patriotism, he recognized the rightful place of the Church in Soviet society - becoming, one might say, like-minded in this with Metropolitan Sergius, who, at his will, was elected Patriarch in 1943 - and not because Stalin would not have wanted this before, but because it was not possible, he would not have been allowed to do this ...

So, the main difference between Stalin and Bolshevism was the return to the Russian spirit in our lives. This is what he most displeased the Bolsheviks-Trotskyists-Leninists, and indeed the completely non-communist pro-Western intelligentsia, and indeed the entire West. And still not satisfied. And will never do. The spirit is not the same! All other talk - about the "cult of personality", about repression - this is all secondary. Lenin had a much greater cult of personality, as well as the victims of Lenin's repressions, completely unfounded - this is all accepted by the "freedom-loving West", this does not bother anyone ... Why? Because it was against traditional Russia, it was of the same spirit with the West, with Russophobia and godlessness, with the one who always stands behind them ... ”[Archpriest Nikolai Bulgakov. Revenge of Bolshevism. To the 60th anniversary of the XX Congress of the CPSU].

Hegumen Evstafiy (Zhakov) expressed a sound idea in his conversation: “Stalin became the “Master” in 1939, when Litvinov, who was closely connected with the West, was removed.” We should draw our attention to this circumstance: too many people like Litvinov, if not on an intellectual level, then out of a passionate desire to break through to the top of power, appeared in Russia.

An accurate sign for identifying people of this kind, including Stalin's detractors, is their flashing in the media. After all, it is widely known to everyone: where does the wind blow into the sails of their imaginary “popularity”, which is polar opposite to the real opinion of people who think about them, in whom there has never been a shortage in Russia. The trouble is that the Russian authorities, to put it mildly, do not like such people, limiting their access to the “reins of government”.

Let us return, however, to the topic of this article and give the floor to the author of the RNL, Igor Evsin.

Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia Sergius (Stargorodsky): “Before the start of the new state year let us pray more earnestly for our God-protected country and for its authorities, headed by our God-given Leader. May the Lord grant them strength and strength for many years to continue their great service for the benefit of the peoples entrusted to them...

Patriarch Alexy (Simansky) in publications ... calls Stalin a brilliant leader, and also “Our God-given Supreme Leader”, “the wise Leader, whom the Providence of God chose and appointed to lead our Fatherland along the path of prosperity and glory» .

Likewise, the famous Metropolitan Nikolai (Yarushevich) - the head of the DECR MP ... calls Stalin a genius, and besides "God put on his feat of serving our Motherland» [Igor Evsin. Stalin. Was his authority from God? ].

“Until the 1930s, Stalin was only one of the most influential political figures, but in subsequent years his political weight in domestic politics was unrivaled. He is the undisputed leader. It should be noted that Lenin, Trotsky, Sverdlov made their careers thanks to the powerful external support of the special services of England, Germany and the United States. Lenin was burdened with obligations to his sponsors, whom he called "useful idiots" (however, despite endless concessions and sacrifices, he never managed to get rid of their dependence). Trotsky and Sverdlov (people of Wall Street), who were indebted to Jewish world capital, were also under a certain influence of external forces that invested big money in the Russian revolution.

Stalin, it seems, ascended the political Olympus thanks to his own efforts, without the help of foreign intelligence agencies. Being prudent in his connections, he had a chance and was able to become an independent politician, which cannot be said about his political competitors.

Under the leadership of Stalin, the country again, as it was under the Russian autocrats, gained full state sovereignty. Stalin returned autocracy to Russia in a distorted, perverted form. He was able to establish a political system with sole supreme power. During the years of his reign, as in the autocracy, the people knew one name at the top of power - Stalin" [Nikolai Dozmorov. We remember Stalin].

My school years fell on the edges of camps and exiles: Kazakhstan - northern and central, Eastern Siberia. Often the road to the school passed by the "thorn" behind which the prisoners worked, and sometimes, during school hours, we heard the shots of the guards: these were endless attempts to escape from the construction zone. In those parts, almost every fifth or sixth adult man graduated from Stalin's "school", but never, anywhere, from anyone, I had to hear a bad word about Stalin.

I will always remember the words of my mother, spoken by her after the death of the leader: “How will we, son, live without Stalin?” My respectful, without exaltation, attitude towards Stalin was not changed by Khrushchev's report at the Twentieth Congress of the CPSU, which was introduced to us in 1956 by the father of my comrade, a front-line soldier, a colonel holding a high position in a prison camp, which was located not far from our houses, on the opposite side of the ravine.

The reading of Solzhenitsyn's books did not change my attitude towards Stalin either. This is like an attitude towards parents - sacred and unquestioning: so that we do not learn new things about them, sometimes not quite pleasant to us, they remain our native people.

Our Stalin, as such for us and our history, will remain forever, and no one can change this fact. Father John (Krestyankin) gave wise advice regarding Joseph Stalin: “Do not condemn him, God is his Judge. Don't be judges" [Leonid Bolotin. Father John (Krestyankin) and his advice to us regarding Joseph Stalin].

The website of the Zvezda TV channel publishes a series of articles about the Great Patriotic War of 1941– 1945 by the writer Leonid Maslovsky, based on his book Russkaya Pravda, published in 2011. In his author's materials, Maslovsky, according to him, exposes "the myths invented by Russia's ill-wishers about the events of the Great Patriotic War and shows the greatness of our Victory." The author notes that in his articles he is going to "show the unseemly role of the West in preparing Germany for war with the USSR." On July 3, 1941, JV Stalin addressed the people on the radio, beginning his speech with the following words: “Comrades! Citizens! Brothers and sisters! Soldiers of our army and navy! I turn to you, my friends! The perfidious military attack of Nazi Germany on our Motherland, launched on June 22, continues. ”Stalin did not hide his excitement, spoke the truth, and strengthened faith in the coming victory. “Despite the heroic resistance of the Red Army, despite the fact that the best divisions of the enemy and the best parts of his aviation have already been defeated and found their grave on the battlefields, the enemy continues to push forward, throwing new forces to the front. The Nazi troops managed to capture Lithuania, a significant part Latvia, the western part of Belarus, part of Western Ukraine. Fascist aviation is expanding the areas of operation of its bombers, bombarding Murmansk, Orsha, Mogilev, Smolensk, Kiev, Odessa, Sevastopol. A serious danger hung over our Motherland. How could it happen that our glorious Red Army surrendered a number of our cities and regions to the fascist troops? Are the German fascist troops really invincible troops, as the boastful fascist propagandists tirelessly trumpet about it? Of course not! History shows that there are no and never have been invincible armies... The same must be said about Hitler's present-day fascist German army. This army has not yet encountered serious resistance on the European continent. Only on our territory did it meet with serious resistance. And if, as a result of this resistance, the best divisions of the fascist German army were defeated by our Red Army, then this means that the Nazi fascist army can be defeated and will be defeated just as the armies of Napoleon and Wilhelm were defeated. analyzes the reason for the temporary success of fascist Germany, the expediency of concluding a non-aggression pact in 1939, saying that Germany, having violated the pact, exposed “itself in the eyes of the whole world as a bloody aggressor ... That is why our entire valiant army, our entire valiant Naval fleet, all our falcon pilots, all the peoples of our country, all the best people of Europe, America and Asia, finally, all the best people of Germany - stigmatize the perfidious actions of the German fascists ... and see that our cause is just, that the enemy will be defeated, that we must win. By virtue of the war imposed on us, our country entered into a mortal battle with its worst and insidious enemy - German fascism ... What is required in order to face to see the danger looming over our Motherland, and what measures must be taken in order to defeat the enemy? First of all, it is necessary that our people, the Soviet people, understand the full depth of the danger that threatens our country, and renounce complacency, carelessness, and moods of peaceful construction, which were quite understandable in pre-war times, but pernicious at the present time, when the war is fundamentally changed position. The enemy is cruel and implacable." Stalin explains the goals of the enemy, calls to stop being carefree, to mobilize oneself and reorganize all one's work in a new, military way, "knowing no mercy to the enemy", not to allow whining, cowardice, alarmism and desertion. "The peoples of the Soviet Union must rise to defend their rights, their land against the enemy. The Red Army, the Red Navy and all citizens of the Soviet Union must defend every inch of Soviet land, fight to the last drop of blood for our cities and villages, show the courage, initiative and ingenuity inherent in our people, ”Stalin said then. Further, Stalin spoke about help of the Red Army to the wounded, to strengthen the rear, to help our destruction battalions in the fight against saboteurs, enemy paratroopers, on the need to steal all the rolling stock during the withdrawal, not to leave the enemy valuable property, food, fuel, to steal all the cattle, on the creation of partisan detachments, about the nature of our war as a war of “nationwide Patriotic” and liberation, about the fact that “we will have true allies”, about the transfer of all power in the state to the established State Defense Committee, about the need for all people to rally around the party and government to defeat the enemy, for victory. At the end of the speech, I. V. Stalin addressed the people with appeals: “All our si ly - to support our heroic Red Army, our glorious Red Fleet! All the forces of the people - to defeat the enemy! Forward, for our victory! ”The people believed in their strength, the strength of the country, in victory. He believed Stalin, as one believes his own father. Researcher O. A. Platonov writes: “In fact, in his address to the people, Stalin outlined the program of the nationwide struggle against the enemy. His simple and accessible language made it possible to convey many important tasks of the war to the hearts and minds of many Russian people. The moral significance of his speech was enormous. The words "our cause is just, the enemy will be defeated" became the main slogan of the entire Great Patriotic War. Firmness and confidence in victory inspired the Russian people. "Recalling the power of the impact of Stalin's speech on July 3, 1941 on the Soviet people, the poet and writer S. V. Mikhalkov wrote: "Whether we want to recognize today or not, but it was his speech that began with the words "Brothers and sisters! ", in the forty-first aroused unprecedented enthusiasm among people of all ages. They went to the recruiting stations as volunteers. Faith in a word is a huge faith if an authoritative person pronounces it. And the fact that Stalin was an authoritative person for millions can be denied either by stupidity or by malicious intent". But even today, out of malicious intent, they write about Stalin and about the disorderly flight of our troops in the summer of 1941. The Great Patriotic War flared up, absorbing all the new territories of the USSR. On September 26, 1941, the report of the German High Command reported about the victory near Kiev. It was said that 665 thousand people were taken prisoner, 3,718 guns and 884 tanks were captured. Previously, Goebbels did not write about these statements, but with the beginning of perestroika, they began to penetrate many historical works and even textbooks. Russian historians refuted these information, indicating that before the start of the Kiev operation, there were 677,085 people in the Southwestern Front. only in the formations of the front that escaped encirclement and withdrew with battles to the rear lines, there were 150,541 people. Considering that the troops of the Southwestern Front suffered heavy losses during fierce battles that lasted almost the entire September, a significant part broke through the enemy ring, then the Germans could capture no more than 50 thousand people near Kiev. The troops of the Southwestern and Bryansk fronts actually stopped the offensive of G. Guderian’s troops near Romna, but a tank attack from the Kremenchug bridgehead of four German tank divisions secretly concentrated there towards Guderian decided the outcome of the battle of the Southwestern Front near Kiev in favor of the German troops. The Kiev battle was won by the Germans by stopping the offensive in the Moscow direction and deploying Guderian's tank divisions to the south, to Kiev. About the Kiev defensive battle, A. M. Vasilevsky wrote: “The enemy achieved success at a high price. The Red Army in fierce battles defeated ten enemy divisions. He lost more than 100 thousand soldiers and officers. Enemy losses continued to grow. For more than a month, the Soviet troops held back the Army Group "Center" with actions in the Kiev direction. This was very important for the preparation of the battle near Moscow.” The Kiev defensive battle lasted from July 7 to September 26, 1941. Our troops near Kiev fought to the death. The Wehrmacht has not seen such resilience in any of the wars unleashed by Germany. Field Marshal von Bock, Hitler's favorite, wrote: “Kiev is a brilliant success. But the Russians, as they stood before me, undefeated, are still standing, and I don’t know if they can be defeated. parts organizedly left the city. The Germans were also haunted by the Crimea, from whose territory our aircraft could destroy the Romanian oil fields. Therefore, on October 18, the Nazi troops launched an offensive and by mid-November occupied the territory of the Crimea, except for the city of Russian glory - Sevastopol. In 1941, Sevastopol turned out to be beyond the strength of the Germans. The Red Army and the Black Sea Fleet defended the city for 250 days, from October 30, 1941 to July 4, 1942. The battle of Smolensk lasted from July 10 to September 10, 1941. It was one of the reasons for changing the Barbarossa plan. The battle of Smolensk, which unfolded on a front of up to 650 kilometers and a depth of up to 250 kilometers, thwarted Hitler's plan for a lightning war against the USSR. Soviet troops inflicted heavy losses on Army Group Center. In World War II, the fascist German troops were forced for the first time to go over to the defensive in the main direction. In addition, thanks to the Battle of Smolensk, the Nazi command did not dare to transfer the 3rd Panzer Group to attack Leningrad. The battle of Smolensk, like the battle near Kiev, allowed the Soviet command to gain time to prepare the defense of Moscow and the subsequent defeat of the enemy in the Battle of Moscow in 1941–1942. The battles of Smolensk and Kiev took place at the same time, and they can be called one operation, temporarily which stopped the advance of the Nazi hordes on Moscow. The military formations that distinguished themselves most in the battle of Smolensk were awarded the title of Guards. These were the first guard formations in the Red Army. In the Elninsk operation, which took place during the Smolensk battle, our troops, who did not have an advantage in numbers, but outnumbered the enemy in the number of artillery pieces, went on the offensive on August 30, 1941, broke through the German defenses, liberated the city of Yelnya, defeated one motorized and seven infantry divisions of the Wehrmacht, liquidated the Yelninsky ledge, which threatened the left wing of the troops of the Western Front, drove the Germans across the Desna River, liberated a significant territory of their native land and captured many prisoners. Like the Smolensk battle, on July 10 the battle for Leningrad. On this day, the Nazi troops launched an attack directly on Leningrad. We barely had the strength to defend the city. Our troops failed to prevent the cutting off of Leningrad by land from the territory of the USSR, but they did not allow the German armies to close the encirclement ring. fighters were immediately transferred by air, and the rest - by the Ladoga military flotilla. This fact indicates that our army had firm control, and aircraft, and ships of the military flotilla on Lake Ladoga. Our war was sacred. The saints are the soldiers who fell in the war, the victors who returned home from the front are saints, the workers who forged weapons in the rear are saints. For more than seven centuries, Europe went to war with Russia, but could not defeat Russia in battle - the “mysterious Russian souls” turned out to be too tough for Europe. And in Hitler's army were all European peoples, except for the Serbs and Greeks, and even the British sat out on their islands. And they all killed our men, women, children. Hitler, the German General Staff, theoretically calculated everything correctly: German troops quickly defeat the Soviet armies near Leningrad and Kiev and join the armies advancing on Moscow. But he did not take into account that before him was not Europe, but heroic Russia. In this case, the experience of the war in Europe went not to the benefit, but to the detriment of Germany. To be continued… The opinions expressed in the publications of Leonid Maslovsky are the opinions of the author and may not coincide with the opinions of the editors of the Zvezda TV channel website.

Such is our history - great and long-suffering, that there is not a single, as they say, "living place" in it, equally perceived and valued now by the community of the Russian world. Even this, ingenious in its simplicity, deeply meaningful beginning in the leader's address to the Soviet people is interpreted by liberal circles - public and church, who have grown bolder, which did not arise suddenly - as flirting with the people, a forced replacement for the usual Bolshevik rhetoric.

I will add, as I understand it, in a broader sense, these words to be true: these people cut off their retreat routes, inspired by forces from outside, they decided to go against Russia and its people.

Stalin destroyed the demons generated by the revolution on Russian soil. Stalin expelled fascist demons from the Russian land. And therefore, following the words of St. John Chrysostom, let us say that it is ridiculous and reckless to identify Hitler with Stalin and say that both of them had power not from God...

Let us return, however, to the topic of this article and give the floor to the author of the RNL, Igor Evsin.

I can't get past the ugliness. So I want to take part!

Here's what I thought (and I liked it)
About Stalin's famous speech "Brothers and sisters ..."
We very often accuse him of disastrous delay in the first days of the war. Although at that time little could be done without accurate news from the field, especially since there were quite responsible persons who, on duty, had to respond in accordance with the instructions. And there were no such instructions. Shaposhnikov was an experienced military man. In the absence of "red envelopes" in the safes of local authorities. party and the Cheka, I do not believe.
So. Could this delay have been caused by the preparation of this very speech?
It is not customary to speak well of Stalin, nevertheless, not a single dog hinted at that. who was the author of the text itself. Not a secret. that almost all political leaders of that period. with the exception of the Bolsheviks and, perhaps, Churchill, their speeches were written by special people. If there was even a suspicion, we would all buzz our ears about the intellectual failure of the Leader. However, this is not the case.
Those. suddenly, after ten days of panic, a speech appears out of nowhere that shakes the whole country. The speech, which has become largely a program document.
This is strange. It's impossible.
However, for a person whose library consisted of 20 thousand volumes, of which 6 thousand had his personal notes, this is quite possible. And logical.
Think it over. Select the questions that need to be answered. Justify your answer. Include instructions for practical actions in the speech. Rehearse the performance. And all this was done by one person, not a group of psychologists, analysts, consultants.
Serious job.
Worthy of admiration.
At the same time, one should not forget about the colossal psychological pressure that the environment and the general psychological situation in the country could not but exert on him. Shock and panic seized the top of the country, and most of the population. Fear of being late.
I quote this document, which largely determined the course of events.
Second question. Why did she go down in history as Brothers and Sisters?

vivovoco.rsl.ru/VV/RARE/OGONYOK/STALIN.HTM
Radio performance

Chairman of the State Defense Committee

I.V. STALIN

Comrades! Citizens! Brothers and sisters! Soldiers of our army and navy!

I turn to you, my friends!

The treacherous military attack of Nazi Germany on our homeland, launched on June 22, continues. Despite the heroic resistance of the Red Army, despite the fact that the best divisions of the enemy and the best units of his aviation have already been defeated and found their grave on the battlefields, the enemy continues to push forward, throwing new forces to the front. Hitler's troops managed to capture Lithuania, a significant part of Latvia, the western part of Belarus, and part of Western Ukraine. Fascist aviation is expanding the areas of operation of its bombers, bombarding Murmansk, Orsha, Mogilev, Smolensk, Kiev, Odessa, Sevastopol. Our country is in serious danger.

How could it happen that our glorious Red Army surrendered a number of our cities and regions to the fascist troops? Are the German fascist troops really invincible troops, as the boastful fascist propagandists tirelessly trumpet about it?

Of course not! History shows that there are no invincible armies and never have been. Napoleon's army was considered invincible, but it was defeated alternately by Russian, English, German troops. Wilhelm's German army during the first imperialist war was also considered an invincible army, but it was defeated several times by Russian and Anglo-French troops and was finally defeated by Anglo-French troops. The same must be said about Hitler's present German fascist army. This army has not yet encountered serious resistance on the European continent. Only on our territory did it meet with serious resistance. And if, as a result of this resistance, the best divisions of the fascist German army were defeated by our Red Army, then this means that the Nazi fascist army can also be defeated and will be defeated, as the armies of Napoleon and Wilhelm were defeated.

As for the fact that part of our territory nevertheless turned out to be captured by the fascist German troops, this is mainly due to the fact that the war of fascist Germany against the USSR began under favorable conditions for the German troops and unfavorable for the Soviet troops. The fact is that the troops of Germany, as a country waging war, were already completely mobilized, and the 170 divisions thrown by Germany against the USSR and moved to the borders of the USSR were in a state of complete readiness, waiting only for a signal to march, while the Soviet troops needed it was still necessary to mobilize and move closer to the borders. Of no small importance here was the fact that fascist Germany unexpectedly and treacherously violated the non-aggression pact concluded in 1939 between it and the USSR, regardless of the fact that it would be recognized by the whole world as the attacking side. It is clear that our peace-loving country, not wanting to take the initiative to violate the pact, could not take the path of treachery.

It may be asked: how could it happen that the Soviet Government agreed to conclude a non-aggression pact with such perfidious people and monsters as Hitler and Ribentrop? Has the Soviet Government made a mistake here? Of course not! A non-aggression pact is a peace pact between two states. It was this pact that Germany proposed to us in 1939. Could the Soviet Government refuse such a proposal? I think that not a single peace-loving state can refuse a peace agreement with a neighboring power, if at the head of this power there are even such monsters and cannibals as Hitler and Ribentrop. And this, of course, on one indispensable condition - if the peace agreement does not affect either directly or indirectly the territorial integrity, independence and honor of a peace-loving state. As you know, the non-aggression pact between Germany and the USSR is just such a pact.

What have we gained by signing a non-aggression pact with Germany? We ensured peace for our country for a year and a half and the possibility of preparing our forces for a rebuff if fascist Germany dared to attack our country in defiance of the pact. This is a definite gain for us and a loss for fascist Germany.

What did fascist Germany gain and lose by treacherously breaking the pact and attacking the USSR? She achieved by this some advantageous position for her troops in a short time, but she lost politically, exposing herself in the eyes of the whole world as a bloody aggressor. There can be no doubt that this short-lived military gain for Germany is only an episode, while the enormous political gain for the USSR is a serious and lasting factor on the basis of which the decisive military successes of the Red Army in the war against fascist Germany should unfold.

That is why all our valiant Army, all our valiant navy, all our falcon pilots, all the peoples of our country, all the best people of Europe, America and Asia, and finally, all the best people of Germany - stigmatize the perfidious actions of the German fascists and sympathize with to the Soviet government, they approve of the behavior of the Soviet government and see that our cause is just, that the enemy will be defeated, that we must win.

By virtue of the war imposed on us, our country entered into a mortal battle with its worst and treacherous enemy - German fascism. Our troops are fighting heroically against the enemy, armed to the teeth with tanks and aircraft. The Red Army and the Red Navy, overcoming numerous difficulties, are selflessly fighting for every inch of Soviet land. The main forces of the Red Army, armed with thousands of tanks and aircraft, enter the battle. The courage of the soldiers of the Red Army is unparalleled. Our resistance to the enemy is growing stronger and stronger. Together with the Red Army, the entire Soviet people rises to defend the Motherland.

What is required in order to eliminate the danger looming over our Motherland, and what measures must be taken in order to defeat the enemy?

First of all, it is necessary that our people, the Soviet people, understand the full depth of the danger that threatens our country, and renounce complacency, carelessness, the mood for peaceful construction, which was quite understandable in pre-war times, but pernicious at the present time, when the war has radically changed position. The enemy is cruel and relentless. He aims to seize our lands. watered with our sweat, the seizure of our bread and our oil, obtained by our labor. It sets as its goal the restoration of the power of the landowners, the restoration of tsarism, the destruction of the national culture and national statehood of Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Lithuanians, Latvians, Estonians, Uzbeks, Tatars, Moldavians, Georgians, Armenians, Azerbaijanis and other free peoples of the Soviet Union, their Germanization, their transformation into slaves of German princes and barons. Thus, it is a question of life and death of the Soviet state, of life and death of the peoples of the USSR, of whether the peoples of the Soviet Union should be free or fall into enslavement. It is necessary that the Soviet people understand this and stop being carefree, that they mobilize themselves and reorganize all their work on a new, military basis, which knows no mercy for the enemy.

It is necessary, furthermore, that there be no place in our ranks for whiners and cowards, alarmists and deserters, that our people do not know fear in the struggle and selflessly go to our patriotic war of liberation against the fascist enslavers. The great Lenin, who created our state, said that the main quality of the Soviet people should be courage, courage, ignorance of fear in the struggle, readiness to fight together with the people against the enemies of our country. It is necessary that this magnificent quality of a Bolshevik should become the property of millions and millions of the Red Army, our Red Navy and all the peoples of the Soviet Union.

We must immediately reorganize all our work on a military footing, subordinating everything to the interests of the front and to the tasks of organizing the defeat of the enemy. The peoples of the Soviet Union now see that German fascism is indomitable in its furious malice and hatred of our Motherland, which has ensured free labor and well-being for all working people. The peoples of the Soviet Union must rise up to defend their rights, their land against the enemy.

The Red Army, the Red Navy and all citizens of the Soviet Union must defend every inch of Soviet land, fight to the last drop of blood for our cities and villages, show the courage, initiative and ingenuity inherent in our people.

We must organize all-round assistance to the Red Army, ensure an intensified replenishment of its ranks, ensure its supply with everything necessary, organize the rapid advance of transports with troops and military cargo, and provide extensive assistance to the wounded.

We must strengthen the rear of the Red Army, subordinating all our work to the interests of this cause, ensure the intensified work of all enterprises, produce more rifles, machine guns, guns, cartridges, shells, aircraft, organize the protection of factories, power plants, telephone and telegraph communications, establish local air defense .

We must organize a ruthless struggle against all sorts of rear disorganizers, deserters, alarmists, spreaders of rumors, destroy spies, saboteurs, enemy paratroopers, rendering prompt assistance to our destruction battalions in all this. It must be borne in mind that the enemy is cunning, cunning, experienced in deception and spreading false rumors. It is necessary to take into account all this and not succumb to provocations. We must immediately bring to trial the Military Tribunal all those who, by their alarmism and cowardice, interfere with the cause of defense, regardless of their faces.

In the event of a forced withdrawal of units of the Red Army, it is necessary to steal the entire rolling stock, not to leave the enemy a single locomotive, not a single wagon, not to leave the enemy a kilogram of bread or a liter of fuel. The collective farmers must steal all the livestock, hand over the grain for safekeeping to state bodies for its removal to the rear areas. All valuable property, including non-ferrous metals, grain and fuel, which cannot be taken out must be unconditionally destroyed.

In areas occupied by the enemy, it is necessary to create partisan detachments, mounted and on foot, to create sabotage groups to fight against parts of the enemy army, to kindle guerrilla warfare everywhere and everywhere, to blow up bridges, roads, damage telephone and telegraph communications, set fire to forests, warehouses, convoys. In the occupied areas, create unbearable conditions for the enemy and all his accomplices, pursue and destroy them at every turn, disrupt all their activities.

The war with fascist Germany cannot be considered an ordinary war. It is not only a war between two armies. It is at the same time a great war of the entire Soviet people against the German fascist troops. The goal of this nationwide patriotic war against the fascist oppressors is not only to eliminate the danger hanging over our country, but also to help all the peoples of Europe, groaning under the yoke of German fascism. In this war of liberation, we will not be alone. In this great war we will have true allies in the peoples of Europe and America, including the German people, enslaved by the Nazi bosses. Our war for the freedom of our fatherland will merge with the struggle of the peoples of Europe and America for their independence, for democratic freedoms. It will be a united front of peoples standing for freedom against enslavement and the threat of enslavement from Hitler's fascist armies. In this connection, the historic speech of British Prime Minister Mr. Churchill on helping the Soviet Union and the US government's declaration of readiness to help our country, which can only arouse a feeling of gratitude in the hearts of the peoples of the Soviet Union, are quite understandable and revealing.

Comrades! Our strength is incalculable. An arrogant enemy will soon be convinced of this. Together with the Red Army, many thousands of workers, collective farmers, and intellectuals are rising to war against the attacking enemy. Millions of our people will rise up. The working people of Moscow and Leningrad have already begun to create a multi-thousand people's militia to support the Red Army. In every city that is in danger of being invaded by the enemy, we must create such a people's militia, raise all the working people to fight in order to defend our freedom, our honor, our homeland with our breasts - in our patriotic war against German fascism.

In order to quickly mobilize all the forces of the peoples of the USSR, to repulse the enemy who treacherously attacked our homeland, the State Defense Committee was created, in whose hands all power in the state is now concentrated. The State Defense Committee has begun its work and calls on all the people to rally around the party of Lenin-Stalin, around the Soviet government for the selfless support of the Red Army and the Red Navy, for the defeat of the enemy, for victory.

All our strength is to support our heroic Red Army, our glorious Red Fleet!

All the forces of the people - to defeat the enemy!

Forward to our victory!

Joseph Stalin

Brothers and sisters! I turn to you, my friends. About the war in the first person

GENERAL COMMAND SUMMARY

RED ARMY for 22.VI. 1941

At dawn on June 22, 1941, the regular troops of the German army attacked our border units on the front from the Baltic to the Black Sea and were held back by them during the first half of the day. In the afternoon, the German troops met with the advanced units of the field troops of the Red Army. After fierce fighting, the enemy was repulsed with heavy losses. Only in the Grodno and Krystyno-Polish directions did the enemy manage to achieve minor tactical successes and take the towns of Kalwaria, Stojanow and Tsekhanovets (the first two at 15 km and the last at 10 km from the border).

Enemy aviation attacked a number of our airfields and settlements, but everywhere they met with a decisive rebuff from our fighters and anti-aircraft artillery, which inflicted heavy losses on the enemy. We shot down 65 enemy planes.

RADIO SPEECH V. M. MOLOTOV

Citizens and citizens of the Soviet Union!

The Soviet government and its head comrade. Stalin instructed me to make the following statement:

Today, at 4 o'clock in the morning, without presenting any claims against the Soviet Union, without declaring war, German troops attacked our country, attacked our borders in many places and bombed our cities - Zhytomyr, Kiev, Sevastopol, Kaunas from their planes and some others, more than two hundred people were killed and wounded. Enemy aircraft raids and artillery shelling were also carried out from Romanian and Finnish territory.

This unheard-of attack on our country is treachery unparalleled in the history of civilized peoples. The attack on our country was carried out despite the fact that a non-aggression pact was concluded between the USSR and Germany, and the Soviet government fulfilled all the conditions of this pact in all good faith. The attack on our country was carried out despite the fact that during the entire period of the validity of this treaty the German government could never make a single claim against the USSR regarding the fulfillment of the treaty. The entire responsibility for this predatory attack on the Soviet Union falls entirely on the German fascist rulers.

Already after the attack, the German ambassador in Moscow, Schulenburg, at 5:30 in the morning made me, as People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs, a statement on behalf of his government that the German government had decided to go to war against the USSR in connection with the concentration of Red Army units near the eastern German border.

In response to this, on behalf of the Soviet government, I stated that until the last minute the German government did not make any claims against the Soviet government, that Germany attacked the USSR, despite the peace-loving position of the Soviet Union, and that thereby fascist Germany was the attacking side.

On behalf of the Government of the Soviet Union, I must also declare that at no point did our troops and our aviation allow the border to be violated, and therefore the statement made by the Romanian radio this morning that the Soviet aviation allegedly fired on Romanian airfields is a complete lie and provocation. Hitler's entire declaration today, which is trying to concoct accusatory material about non-compliance by the Soviet Union with the Soviet-German pact, is the same lie and provocation.

Now that the attack on the Soviet Union has already taken place, the Soviet government has given our troops an order to repulse the piratical attack and drive the German troops out of our homeland.

This war was imposed on us not by the German people, not by the German workers, peasants and intelligentsia, whose sufferings we understand very well, but by a clique of bloodthirsty fascist rulers of Germany who enslaved the French, Czechs, Poles, Serbs, Norway, Belgium, Denmark, Holland, Greece and other peoples .

The Government of the Soviet Union expresses its unshakable confidence that our valiant army and navy and the brave falcons of Soviet aviation will honorably fulfill their duty to their homeland, to the Soviet people, and deal a crushing blow to the aggressor.

This is not the first time our people have had to deal with an attacking, conceited enemy. At one time, our people responded to Napoleon's campaign in Russia with a Patriotic War, and Napoleon was defeated and came to his collapse. The same will happen to the arrogant Hitler, who has announced a new campaign against our country. The Red Army and all our people will once again wage a victorious Patriotic War for the motherland, for honor, for freedom.

The Government of the Soviet Union expresses its firm conviction that the entire population of our country, all workers, peasants and intelligentsia, men and women, will treat their duties and their work with due conscience. All our people must now be united and united as never before. Each of us must demand from ourselves and from others discipline, organization, selflessness, worthy of a true Soviet patriot, in order to provide for all the needs of the Red Army, fleet and aviation, in order to ensure victory over the enemy.

The government calls on you, citizens of the Soviet Union, to rally your ranks still more closely around our glorious Bolshevik Party, around our Soviet government, around our great leader Comrade. Stalin.

Our cause is right.

The enemy will be defeated.

Victory will be ours.

REPORT OF THE SOVIET INFORMBUREAU

During June 24, the enemy continued to develop the offensive in the Shaulyai, Kaunas, Grodno-Volkovysk, Kobrin, Vladimir-Volynsk and Brodsky directions, meeting stubborn resistance from the Red Army troops.

All enemy attacks in the Siauliai direction were repulsed with heavy losses for him. The counterattacks of our mechanized formations in this direction defeated the enemy tank units and completely destroyed the motorized regiment.

Fierce battles are going on for Grodno, Kobrin, Vilna, Kaunas in the Grodno-Volkovysk and Brest-Pinsk directions.

In the Brodsky direction, stubborn battles of large tank formations continue, during which the enemy was severely defeated.

During the 22nd, 23rd and 24th of June, Soviet aviation lost 374 aircraft, shot down mainly at airfields. During the same period, Soviet aviation shot down 161 German aircraft in air battles. In addition, according to approximate data, at least 220 aircraft were destroyed at enemy airfields.

EVENING REPORT OF THE SOVIET INFORMBUREAU

On the afternoon of July 1, our troops fought stubborn battles in the Murmansk, Keksholm, Dvina, Minsk and Lutsk directions. In other directions and sectors of the front, our troops held the state border and fought the enemy who was trying to violate it.

In the Murmansk direction, our troops are holding up the advance of superior enemy forces with fierce battles.

On the Keksholm direction, the enemy went on the offensive in several places and tried to penetrate our territory. With decisive counterattacks by our troops, the enemy attacks were repulsed with heavy losses for him.

In the Dvina direction, our units are engaged in stubborn battles with tanks and infantry of the enemy, counteracting his attempts to break through to the crossings on the river. Zap. Dvina.

Fighting with enemy mobile units continues in the Minsk direction. Our troops, making extensive use of obstacles and counterattacks, delay the advance of the enemy's tank units and inflict a significant defeat on him.

In the Lutsk direction, our troops stopped the offensive of large enemy formations. In many days of battles in this direction, the enemy suffered heavy losses in manpower and materiel.

Carrying out a systematic withdrawal, according to the order, our troops left Lvov.

After clarifying the data on the actions of our aviation, it was established that on June 30 56 German aircraft were shot down, 50 of them in air battles. Our losses are 17 aircraft.

JV STALIN'S RADIO SPEECH

Comrades! Citizens!Brothers and sisters!Soldiers of our army and navy!

I turn to you, my friends!

The perfidious military attack of Nazi Germany on our Motherland, launched on June 22, continues. Despite the heroic resistance of the Red Army, despite the fact that the best divisions of the enemy and the best units of his aviation have already been defeated and found their grave on the battlefields, the enemy continues to push forward, throwing new forces to the front. Hitler's troops managed to capture Lithuania, a significant part of Latvia, the western part of Belarus, and part of Western Ukraine. Fascist aviation is expanding the areas of operation of its bombers, bombarding Murmansk, Orsha, Mogilev, Smolensk, Kiev, Odessa, Sevastopol. Our country is in serious danger.