Vintage railways. Railway. "In such places you do not need to walk alone"

With "Yandex-Photos", I'll post another portion of rare photos from there. For example, this is. Photo of ways of Kievst railway station in Moscow in 1936. Discontinued from the "White Beellis", the photographer climbed on openwork farms that support the glass roof over the bar station and made this memorable snapshot. Interestingly, there are any stairs leading there, or the author of the photo used climbing equipment.

Gakkel GE1 diesel locomotive (Shul1), one of the first in the world of trunk diesel locomotives, built in 1924 in Leningrad. And who is on the footboard? Is it himself His designer Yakov Modestovich Gakkel? Here, there is a photo where the same person is removed in the heart of a group of comrades facing diesel locomotive. Most likely it is he, and the photo was made in November 1924, immediately after the tests of locomotive began

The car "Rousse-Balt" adapted for transportation by rail. With the king on such a railway authorities with inspection trips.

A group of comrades, removed against the background of C10-12, Surasky Italian at the beginning of the 30s in Georgia. There is no signature under a snapshot and we can only guess who they are, these people, and what is relevant to the locomotive, standing behind their backs.

Hungarian diesel engine DP (Tryulavagnaya) in Sukhumi, 1950s. Photo from the magazine "Ogonok". I remember how much I was struck by the appearance of this train, when I first saw him in the frames of the old newsreel of the early 50s. He was shot in Abkhazia and drove along the road right along the shore of the Black Sea.

Railway workers against the unique Soviet passenger electric locomotive PB21. Removed obviously after the war (judging by the chains). But where is Georgia or Perm?

Most likely Georgia. Here is the photo of the same people, but on the background more exotic than we have vegetation in the Urals. Electric locomotive PB21 was sent to Georgia in 1952, it means both photos taken at the beginning of the 50s.

And this is Nikita SERGEEVICH himself at the foot of the electric model F ". The photo was done during the visit of Khrushchev to France in 1960. The Secretary-General decided to personally "take" the electric locomotives made by Alstom to the USSR. By the way, this Elektrovoz is not the most that it costs now in the Museum at the Finnish station? He has the designation of FK07, and this one in the photos of FP07. But, as we know, the letter "K" appeared in the name locomotive only after its modernization in the USSR. So it is possible that the only electric locomotive-preserved electric locomotive series f - exactly the one for which Khrushcheva's leg has grown out.

This photo is most likely there and then. Only in the door of the electric locomotive already General de Gaulle. Elektrovoz, on board the foot of the president of France, Soviet comrades unfortunately did not save.

The first railway station in Hovrino was small and wooden, it was built in 1870 to the means of industrialist E.V. Molchanov, who acquired estate nearby. In 1908-1910, the station began to be used to communicate with the Nikolaev Railway with just built by the Moscow District Railway, and the station was decided to replace. The new station was solemnly opened on July 15, 1910. There appeared building station with a high platform and two residential buildings. The station was built along a typical scheme: the main lobby with the exit to the city and on the pearron was located along the central axis, on the sides of him there were two waiting rooms. One was designed for passengers of I and II classes, and the other - on the III class. Such division was observed even in small stations. Mandatory premises also included the office of the head of the station and the telegraph room.A single-storey building lined with decorative bricks was built in the tradition of industrial architecture, decorated with eaves and pilasters.Paul covered metlah tiles, some of which has been preserved until now. The ceilings were decorated with stucco cornices. The station was heated by the furnace in the basement, smoke came out through the channels, warming the wall. The project architect is unknown.

With the electrification of the Moscow-Kroikovo site in Khovrino built new passenger platforms, the station remained away from the main traffic. Later, he was cut off from the station with new railways, and in the old building a school of passenger wagons was located, then it was used under workshops. Now the station is empty. Residential private houses still belong to the railway - workers live there.

How to get art. Hovrino - you can get from Leningrad Station

Platform worker settlement

Photo: Wikipedia.

Platform The working settlement of the Belarusian direction appeared in 1951 during the electrification of the Belarusian direction from Moscow to Odintsovo. After the war in terms of the territory of the former Kuntsev military camp, German prisoners built residential neighborhoods for a single architectural plan with good gardening. The architecture of houses was a simplified version of the Stalin Ampira, with balconies, erkers, figured frontones. The brickwork is completely stucked and supplemented with stucco elements, traction, eaves. The smooth wall of the walls was covered with bright lemon-yellow paint, all architectural details were white. This color decision of the neighborhood did not change over the years, and for this unusual coloring the whole area is called the country of Limonia. Part of the houses remained before our time, reminding the existence for more than fifty years of this urban toponym.

The platform pavilion was built as an entrance gate to Kuntsevo. It consists of the central capital part and two open summer verandes on the side. In the center is a small waiting room, ticket office and technical premises. The entrance is possible only from the passenger platform, however, there was also a parade portal with a stone porch from the station of the stationary area, currently stamped. Now it is one of the last surviving pavilions of the era of the Stalin Ampire in the country, and Russian Railways is going to demolish it during the construction of new stations to launch expressions to Skolkovo."Archnadzor" believes that the pavilion does not interfere with reconstruction, and if you restore the historical entrance from the side of the area, one of the new ways will be laid, it can be successfully used.

How to get art. Working settlement - you can get from the Belarusian station

Kuntsevo-1 station Station

Photo: Wikipedia.

The station station of the near Moscow city of Kuntsevo, included in Moscow in 1960, built on the project of the architect Strukov. He worked on the Moscow-Brest Railway in 1891-1910 and became the author including the Brest - now the Belarusian Station.

Kuntsevo-1 Station is neojeta, reminiscent of a small castle. Asymmetric composition with a high tower in one of the corners, the fittings, the parapet like the toothed fortress wall, which goes around the perimeter of the roof, enhance the similarity. From the side of the city, the house crosses the tower with the fronton and the roof of a pointed form. Initially, the main area of \u200b\u200bthe walls was not plastered: on the background of dark red bricks, white overhead details were highlighted - silklings, counterphorts, decorative turrets. The entire territory around is closed by a low fence symbolizing the fortress wall. Now the station is completely plastered and painted in corporate gray-red colors of Russian Railways.

How to get art. Kuntsevo-1 - you can get from the Belorussian station

Station Fili.

Photo: Yamskoyepole.ru.

At the station of the Belarusian direction, there is a unique ensemble, made in the style of constructivism, there are no analogues at any railway station within the capital.The station appeared in 1870 as a small firewall on the Moscow-Smolensk Railway. At the beginning of the twentieth century, he was transformed into a full-fledged station, at the same time the first building station appeared, reliable information about which is practically no.

Since 1916, near the beginning began development of industrial enterprisesBecause of which passenger traffic grew, the Fili was expanded. Already in the 1930s, a small conveying station and the post of centralization of arrows and signals was built for passengers, which allowed to collect all the management in the same building. The station was a symmetrical one-storey house with an increased central part - there was a waiting room - and with side wings. In accordance with the principles of constructivism at the station there is no decor - the walls are smooth. To illuminate the waiting room and interior premises, large windows with solid glazing almost all heights were made. The only ornament of the facade is the name of the Fili station, written in characteristic of constructivism. The bartal roof is hidden behind the continuations of the facade walls - it is not visible from the ground.In a similar style, a centralization post was built - a multi-tier tower with windows. Part of the angles rounded in such a way that perpendicular bearing walls as if flowed alone into another.

How to get art. Fili - you can get from the Belarusian station

Water towers at sunflower stations

Photo: Liveinternet.ru/community/1809964.

Water towers at sunflower stations appeared in the 40s of the XIX century - simultaneously with the construction of the railway line St. Petersburg - Moscow on the exemplary project of the architect Rudolf Zvylavich, who created most of the buildings of the Nikolaev highway. And the main architect of the St. Petersburg-Moscow Railway was Konstantin Ton, the author of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior.

Such towers were built at all stations III and IV classes from passenger platforms in the locations of the steam locomotives. The road was immediately made two-way, and each tower served his way, so the towers were built in pairs - one opposite the other. The station complex had a pronounced center of symmetry, not only the towers, but also passenger platforms, wooden stations, paths for loading and unloading cargo cars were erected relative to it. The towers themselves served as a kind of parade gates, framing the entrance. Inside them, the water tank was located on the second floor, and on the first - water pumps and steam engines were installed. From the tank, the water Self was served in the tender of the locomotive through a special wall crane. The overlap between the first and second floors was arranged in the form of an arch with the central support. Very soon, such a location of the towers was recognized unreasonable, since each path had to build their building, and to refuel the steam locomotives, it was necessary to travel to the main paths and occupy them for the time of refueling. Therefore, in the future, one tower on the entire station began to design, and the water was flooded with special removal through the columns in the locomotive places.

To date, only two pairs of towers of the Nikolaev Railway are preserved - sunflower stations in the Moscow region and on the ridges on the plot of miracle - Malaya Vishera. In addition, a few single towers at academic and burghers survived.

How to get art. Sunflower - you can get from Leningrad Station

Pavino station

This station in Krasnogorsk was built 22 km from Window, that is, Riga, station in 1901 - it was part of the Moscow-Window Railway. Next year they were expanded, because goods came here for Moscow, here interesting the station, not survived to this day, and official houses for employees. All buildings were wooden, andhe lived only the house of employees. Its actual address - 1st railway deadlock, 6.It is a n-shaped wooden building. The house is still housing, he retained the entire initial structure, and in some places of decor: the casing from the profile carboard boards of two types, platbands, roof decorations, fillety doors, window frames, stoves.

The building is a valuable sample of residential development and deserves assigning the status of the object of cultural heritage of regional importance. However, literally last week the house was demolished for the creation of a new residential quarter. Local residents who collect signatures against new construction are unhappy with these plans.

How to get art. Pavino - you can get from Riga Station

Station house in Pokrovsky Streshnev

Photo: logoworks.narod.ru.

The station on the Moscow-Window Railway was opened in 1901, on the same year, the first railway stations in a single style began to be built on the way. Station in Pokrovsky-Streshnev built in 1908. It was erected by the project Stanislav Brzhosovsky, who specialized in railway themes. The architecture of this station is echoing with the buildings of the Pokrovskoye-Streshnevo estate, located nearby. For example, the angular turret repeats the appearance and proportion of the towers in the manor fence. The facades of the brick part were decorated with majolica, the roof was supported by curly metal brackets. Wooden canopy relied on carved wooden columns, had a roof of a complex shape ending with a high spire. In addition to the train station, there were three brick residential buildings for employees, one house was standing near the train station and two more on the opposite side of the paths.

In 1945, the portion of the road from Riga Station to Nakhabino electrified, instead of trains, trains arrived at the steam rod for which a new platform was built. Over time, the connecting branch from the Pokrovskoye-Streshnevo driving on the district railway turned out to be unnecessary. The station adapted to the Warehouse of the path of the path of ways. In the 1990s, the wooden canopy came to the emergency condition - he was disassembled, the Maitolika was smeared on the building. At about the same time, two of the three residential buildings were disappeared on the junction opposite the station. Since 2011, the station house is considered a monument of the architecture of regional importance. In the spring of 2014, Russian Railways unexpectedly put up the train station onto the bidding, and the building was in private ownership of Anika firm. However, in May, the company put a monument for sale - "Under the sauna or bike club" . The house is required. Restoration is required.

Station near Moscow

Photo: Advis.ru.

Another station of the Moscow-Window Railway, Moscow region, was the main destination for goods directed to Moscow on the new line. There was a locomotive depot, a village for employees and a wooden station. Due to the delay in the construction of Window Railway Station, in 1901, the Moscow region was the final station for all trains who came to Moscow, and her wooden station served as the foundation. He was at a considerable distance from the depot, was one-story, he was heated by five furnaces of various sizes. The building decorated a variety of carved parts - brackets, platbands, decorative beams likefakhverkov . Over the right wing was an elegant carved turret.

The station was used to be appointed until 1945. From this year, suburban trains began to stop at the newly built platform, the Red Baltic, existing today, and the station turned into a railway telephone station, which provides communication between all points from Moscow to Nakhabino.

In 2001, the telephone node closed - the station stood abandoned, he burned several times. Nevertheless, the building was never rebuilt and carefully repaired, retained historical layout and many original details. In 2008, it received the status of the object of cultural heritage. Depot with administrative houses opened after restoration in July 2015 - now there is the Museum of Railways and the repair of existing steam locomotives. However, the station itself is so intimateable.

How to get art. Moscow region - you can get from Riga Station

Platform Calanechevskaya

Photo: Dic.academic.ru.

Imperial pavilions are small station buildings designed for the official meetings of the empires of the imperial family or short-term stay during stopping on the way. One of these pavilions remained at the Calanchevskaya platform. He was built in 1896 according to the project of Henry Avivica for the meeting of Nicholas II, who arrived in Moscow to the coronation, a delegation of Moscow officials and representatives of the nobility. This is a square red-hot building with white details, a dome over the entrance and a flagpole above the central part. A wide range of one hundred meters, covered with a "carved roof of an elegant drawing, was adjacent to it. Inside the pavilion was placed furniture for royal family and massive oak benches with vensels for the rest of the public. Inside the portico, above the entrance, there was an image of a double-headed eagle, some incomprehensible way retained all Soviet years and reached to our time.

However, shortly before coronation, the ceremony of entering the emperor to Moscow has changed and the royal train arrived at Brest - now the Belarusian - Station. It was connected with a large number of meetings: on the calanchevskaya and meat street, there would be simply traffic jams from those who wish to look at the imperial family. L. in 1896, Nikolay still stopped in this pavilion on the way to the Nizhny Novgorod exhibition.

After the February Revolution, the Imperial Pavilion was taken by the Council of Workers Deputies of the Railway District of the city of Moscow. Subsequently, the station adapted to serve passengers, opening the waiting room and suburban cash registers in it.

How to get art. Moscow-Calanchevskaya - on foot from the square of three stations (Yaroslavl, Leningrad and Kazansky) and Metro Station "Komsomolskaya"

Paveletskaya-Commodity Platform

Photo: Watertowers.ru.

Paveletsky direction came to Moscow one of the latter - its construction began in 1897. It was considered extremely profitable, on him were to go to the central areas of the country of bread cargoes from the black earth regions. After many industrial enterprises associated with railway access roads increased by the railway station on the lands, and the station itself became a major transshipment.

Not far from the station, named after Saratov, and then Paveletsky, built a "indigenous locomotive depot by thirteen stall" of a fan type. Remains of buildings to this day are saved near the commodity platform, are used as workshops or utility rooms and are clearly visible from passing trains.

Water tower was built on the edge of the station in 1889-1899 in 1889-1899 in 1889-1899. Structurally, this is a hollow brick cylinder, conditionally separated by eaves for four floors, although there are no inter-storey floors inside. At the level of the third floor on the outer wall ring, the riveted metal tank for water is based on, from which it diverged through the system of pipelines to station buildings. Another water tank is located at the level of the fourth floor of the tower.Now the construction is not used and abandoned. The entrance to it is blocked.

How to get art. Moscow-Paveletskaya-Commodity - on foot from Paveletsky railway station and subway station "Paveletskaya"

Station at the station Pyotych

Photo: ruspics.livejournal.com

Potchi - Fourties of the Moscow District Railway, built in 1905-1908 for unloading the Moscow railway unit and streamlining the movement of transit cargo. The name comes from the surrounding area - really the rear of the then Moscow. Pilleti Station is the highest station building in Moscow: it has five floors. Built in 1905-1907 for the project Alexander Pomerantsev and Engineer Lavra Proskuryakova.

The railway passes through the Moscow region of Pymelih at high embankment, so for convenient observation of trains and lifting passengers to the platform it took such a high building. It included rooms for telegraph, alarms and arrogers, service apartments for employees. The access to the peer was carried out from the fourth floor through the balcony and elegant metal bridge, peroxide on the railway mound (the bridge was not preserved). Passengers could rise to the outside of the stairs or take advantage of the electric elevator - probably this is the first case of equipment in the elevator in domestic railways. The top floor of the station took the post of management of arrows and signals with large arched windows and a separate balcony for duty. Through the windows or from the balcony, the duty officer watched the atmosphere on the gear and adjacent connecting branches.

After the termination of the passenger traffic on the district road, the station was passed under housing. In the 1990s, he stood abandoned, and in the middle of zero station, they brought out of the residential foundation and passed under the offices. At the same timerestoredBut with errors and without understanding the functional purpose. Especially injured facade facing the railway tracks. The renovated building is still not used.

How to get Potyli Fouls - Located on the street. Potchuha, in the area of \u200b\u200bthe metro station "Kutuzovskaya"

Station Katchachovo

Photo: Wikipedia.

If you go through the Kranatichsky passage, and then go down to several steps to the railway tracks, you can get to the beginning of the twentieth century. A small elegant station, shops on the platform, neatly tonsured bushes, flower beds, beautiful cast iron lanterns, skillfully woven into a wrought metal fence.

The train station in the classical architecture unavigated for the district style was designed by the chief architect of the road Alexander Pomerances. Arched windows with stucco platbands, half colonels on the facade of a two-story building and even two lion heads guarding the main entrance - all this is more like a noble estate than a public building. Inside were the halls waiting for three classes: in the first there were soft sofas and iconostasis, in the second passengers they were offered to sit down on wooden benches, and in the hall of the third grade seats was not at all.

Through the road, two standard residential buildings for station staff are preserved. One of them (Kranatchiki Ave., 3) is a pure modern, and the second (Kranatchiki Ave., 1, p. 1) is almost impossible to learn due to the huge number of rearrangements and the late plastic facade. Slightly closer to Vavilov Street stands a strongly rebuilt post of central arrows and signals of the rope station (Vavilov, 5B) with characteristic arched windows on the second floor, through which the duty can see the approaching train in advance, and now a built-up balcony, going to which it was possible to make sure The correctness of the route prepared for the reception or departure of this train.On the fenced and highly overgrown industrial territory (Kranatchikovsky Ave., 9B), there is a dilapidated travel barrble No. 53, in which ways of pathic brigades lived.Ten years ago there was also a watchdog house, but he was demolished - in his place a new building.

Before the station, a passenger platform has been preserved with a 1908 warehouse and lanterns. The seemingly old lanterns are at many stations of the district road, but there are supports for canopies that arranged over the outputs to trains. And only at the station rope lanterns are real.

How to get Station Katchachovo - is located in Katchikovsky travel, it is possible to walk from the metro station "Leninsky Prospekt"

On this tour, it is possible to change the time of collection and departure in connection with the peculiarities of the work of JSC "Russian Railways". We ask you to clarify the exact time of gathering per day before departure.

Traveling through the small railway ring of Moscow on a real old locomotive is a unique opportunity to plunge into a charming, ancient atmosphere of the railway. The Riga Station will be supplied to the composition led by a real steam locomotive of the construction of the late 19th century. You will coo comfortably in comfortable soft chairs of the car, our "retro train" will begin their journey, in the small railway ring of Moscow, which noted its 100th anniversary. The line of 54 kilometer leads its own line with 1908, when regular movement opened here. This highway is a very interesting building, which is no analogues in the world.
Unusual views of the capital from the windows of the train: ancient stations of the beginning of the 20th century, fences, ancient and magnificent Novodevichi monastery, a new bright landmark of Moscow-City, Ostankinskaya Telbashnya, VDNH, Botanical Garden, Izmailovsky Kremlin. On the path of retro - the train crosses the Moscow River in Doroomilovsky, Luzhnetsky, Novoandreyevsky and Danilovsky bridges. The locomotive will arrive at the Riga railway station, where you will continue the tour with an inspection of one of the most elegant and old stations of Moscow. The building of the Riga Station was built at the end of the 19th century, as part of the construction of the Window Railway, on the project not without the famous St. Petersburg architect Brzhosovsky. A lot of legends and interesting stories are associated with this station, which will tell our guide. At the end of the excursion, you can independently visit the unique Museum of the locomotive (located in the right end of the station).

Excursion duration: 4 hours.
Travel travel time: 2 h. 30 min

Excursion program:

Excursion to the Riga Station;

- A sightseeing tour of the retro train at the Major Railway Rail of Moscow, with a fascinating story of a guide.

ATTENTION! Due to reinforced security measures, photos and vidia shooting at the station stations are categorically prohibited!

At the Riga station you can independently visit the Museum of "Stories of Railway Technology" for add. fee. (Tickets are purchased at the Museum Cass, the price of adhesive / reb. - 40/25 rubles, independent exposure examination).
Attention! Our journey begins and ended in the Riga Station (Art. M. Riga).

The cost of ads / children - 1170 rubles.
Collection of the group at 8:40 at the Riga Station, the entrance number 1,
The guide with a sign "On the retro train along the Moscow railway ring".
Start of excursion - 8:50

The cost of the excursion includes:
A trip to the retro train at the Major Railway Ring of Moscow;
Travel information from a professional guide;
Excursion to the Riga Station;

Helpful information:
- Please dress on the weather, have shoes, preferably without heels.
- Attention! Our train comes in the grid of the general timetable movement of trains, on this request is not late for the landing, the train comes down at a minute that are not waiting for.
- Attention! At the platform district, be careful and attentive.

So, according to the old cards, I was looking for a railway and filmed them.

+ The original is taken by W. germanrus. in

Siberian archaeologists discovered the railway site laid at Nikolai II, more than 100 years ago. The historical find was made during the excavations in the construction of a new bridge through the Yenisei.
Nakhodka became a surprise.
First, due to its scale.
Secondly, it is interesting that the railway line was hidden deep underground.

Krasnoyarsk and Novosibirsk archaeologists when carrying out excavations at the site of the construction of the bridge through Yenisei found a section of the railway laid in the 1890s. Nakhodka became a surprise, and immediately for several reasons. First, because of its scale: scientists often find small fragments of old railway tracks - rails, sleepers, crutches, but the 100-meter road was detected for the first time.
Secondly, the railway line was hidden deeply under the ground - under the semi-a half-term layer of soil.

The railway was found by scientists quite by chance: they wanted to get to the ancient cultural layer on the Afonytskaya Mountain, at the same time they were found. As archaeologists tell, the find surprised them: It is clear that the work is underway near the Transsib, so it was possible to expect that they will get separate details - snapshots, crutches, but not a whole railway branch! This is recognized by the participants of the expedition, the first time on their memory. Yes, and the road is preserved, in fact, by chance. You can say because of someone's negligence. In Soviet times, this plot was used as an access path to the Rifle Plant, then he became not needed, but they did not take it, but simply threw the earth.

"Mainly on excavations, interest for us was represented and represents AFONTOV Mountain. And in order to get to the cultural layer, we needed to get rid of technogenic garbage. Its on this territory there were whole deposits: electric cable, slices of old asphalt, some kind of The rusty through the old technique and so on. All this was resting under the thick layer of the Earth - apparently, so many years ago, all this disgrace decided to remove from the eye. Actually, we found a plot of the railway there - he hid under a thick layer of soil. Judging by Everything, in Soviet times, built new, modern paths, and the old, from a technical point of view of values \u200b\u200bdid not imagine, decided not to demolish (why waste money and strength to spend?), And simply fall asleep. Well, then the time has done my job - the thickness of the earth layer over the years has increased at times. "

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HTML "\u003e Thank you for repost The original is taken by W. in A rare photo of the 19th century, fade the railways listed by the multi-metering layer of the soil.

So, according to the old cards, I was looking for a railway and filmed them.

In the extension of this topic + The original is taken by W. in In Siberia, the railway of Nicholas II was digging

Siberian archaeologists discovered the railway site laid at Nikolai II, more than 100 years ago. The historical find was made during the excavations in the construction of a new bridge through the Yenisei. Nakhodka became a surprise. First, due to its scale. Secondly, it is interesting that the railway line was hidden deep underground.

Krasnoyarsk and Novosibirsk archaeologists when carrying out excavations at the site of the construction of the bridge through Yenisei found a section of the railway laid in the 1890s. Nakhodka became a surprise, and immediately for several reasons. First, because of its scale: scientists often find small fragments of old railway tracks - rails, sleepers, crutches, but the 100-meter road was detected for the first time. Secondly, the railway line was hidden deeply under the ground - under the semi-a half-term layer of soil.

Unique finds - fragments of the railway line found by archaeologists in Afonytskaya Mountain, have already replenished the exposition in the Museum of the History of the Railway, dedicated to the 115th anniversary of the Krasnoyarsk Highway (the anniversary date is celebrated this year). The length of the area of \u200b\u200bthe railway canvas, located next to the trans-gable, is about 100 meters. Note that archaeologists discovered it under a rather thick layer of soil - a depth of more than 1.5 meters. The railway was found by scientists quite by chance: they wanted to get to the ancient cultural layer on the Afonytskaya Mountain, at the same time they were found. As archaeologists tell, the find surprised them: It is clear that the work is underway near the Transsib, so it was possible to expect that they will get separate details - snapshots, crutches, but not a whole railway branch! This is recognized by the participants of the expedition, the first time on their memory. Yes, and the road is preserved, in fact, by chance. You can say because of someone's negligence. In Soviet times, this plot was used as an access path to the Rifle Plant, then he became not needed, but they did not take it, but simply threw the earth.

Vyacheslav Slavic, head of archaeological works

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Tass dossier. 180 years ago, November 11 (October 30, by the old style) of 1837, the first public railway was opened in Russia.

She connected St. Petersburg and the royal village.

The editorial office of the TASS dossier has prepared a certificate about the history of the Railways of Russia.

In tsarist Russia

Ideas for the creation of railways in the Russian Empire began to appear back in the 1820s, shortly after the launch of the first line in England. Proposals have been put forward to build the first railway from St. Petersburg to Moscow, Tver or Rybinsk. However, all these projects were met by distrust by the government due to the greatest value, as well as due to uncertainty in the reliability of the railway work in the context of the Russian winter.

The birth of the Russian railway industry is the beginning of the tests of the first Russian locomotive in August 1834. It was built by mechanics and inventors Efim Alekseevich Cherepanov (1774-1842) and his son Miron Efimovich (1803-1849) for the transportation of ore at the left plant in Nizhny Tagil. A steam car, called "land ship", could transport more than 200 pounds of weights (about 3.2 tons) at a speed of 12-15 versts per hour (13-17 km / h).

The first in Russia public passenger railway, Tsarskoselskaya, was opened in 1837 and joined St. Petersburg with the royal village, the locomotives were ordered in England for her.

In 1840, a movement was opened on the second railway on the territory of the Russian Empire: a line from Warsaw to Skiernevice was built for the money of Polish bankers. In 1848, she joined the Krakow-Upper Silesian Railway (Austria) and became referred to as Warsaw-Vienna Railway (total length with the Austrian plot - 799 km).

On February 1, 1842, the emperor Nikolai I was signed by a decree on the construction of the Railway St. Petersburg - Moscow with a length of 650 km. On November 13, 1851, its official discovery took place. Exactly at 11 h 15 min. From St. Petersburg, the first passenger train went to Moscow, which stayed on the way of 21 h 45 min. The first time between St. Petersburg and Moscow, two passenger and four commodity trains were kicked. During the construction of the line, the width of the King of 1 thousand 524 mm (5 feet) was chosen - subsequently, it became the standard on the railways of Russia (since the 1980s, railways in the USSR were translated into a compatible rut of 1 thousand 520 mm).

From 1865 to 2004, the Ministry of Railways was in the country (in 1917-1946 - a drug addict) of communication paths (MPS, NKPS).

On March 17, 1891, Emperor Alexander III instructed his son Nikolai Alekseevich, the future emperor Nicholas II, "to start building solid through all Siberia, a railway, which is intended to combine the abundant gifts of the nature of the Siberian regions with a network of internal rail messages." The solemn ceremony of the start of construction of the road was held on May 31, 1891 near Vladivostok. The construction of the Trans-Siberian Highway was completed on October 18 (October 5, according to the old style) of 1916 with the delivery of a three-kilometer bridge across Amur near Khabarovsk.

Even before the construction of the construction, the Trans-Siberian Highway gave an impetus to the development of Siberia, in 1906-1914 more than 3 million people moved to the eastern regions with its help. As of 2017, Transsiber is the longest railway in the world (9 thousand 288.2 km).

By 1916, the framework of the modern railway system of Russia was developed: all the main radii of the railways of Moscow and St. Petersburg were built, in 1908 the movement along the ring railway in Moscow (now - the Moscow Central Ring, MCC) was launched. The overall length of railways, including access roads, exceeded 80 thousand km.

IN USSR

As a result of the First World and Civil Wars, more than 60% of the railway network were destroyed, up to 90% of rolling stock were lost. Restore transportation to the level of 1913 succeeded only in 1928.

In the 1920s, the electrification of Soviet railways began. The first electric train was launched on May 13, 1926 on the territory of modern Azerbaijan on the suburban route between Baku and Sabunchi. On October 1, 1929, the electric train tied Moscow and Mytishchi. In 1932, the first electric locomotives were built in the USSR. It also began construction of a new railway for the country: on May 15, 1935, the Moscow Metro began work. Before the collapse of the USSR, he and other metro were subordinate to the addict / Ministry of Communications.

Railways played a crucial role during the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945: 20 million cars were transported for the needs of the front, they were evacuated by civilians and entire plants, transported wounded. The railway continued to act despite the fact that her objects were hitrol aviation dropped 44% of all air bombs intended for the USSR.

In 1956, the last steam locomotive was released in the USSR - P36-0251. By 1980, the Railways of the Soviet Union were finally translated on the heat and electrical engineering.

In the 1960-1980s, railways were especially actively built to the fields of natural fossil Siberia. In 1984, a movement was opened on the Baikal-Amur highway.

In 1984, regular operation of the first high-speed electric train was launched in the USSR - ER200. He rushed between Moscow and Leningrad, the speed reached 200 km / h. The time on the way was 4 h 50 min., But subsequently decreased to 3 h 55 min.

Russian Railways

In 2001, the reform of railway transport was launched in Russia. As part of it, the MPS was eliminated, its economic functions were transferred by Russian Railways OJSC (Russian Railways).

In 2007, in the framework of the reform of the industry, freight operators were allocated from the Russian Railways, including the first cargo company (privatized in 2011-2012). The most part of the passenger traffic on long-distance trains from 2010 is carried out by a subsidiary of a federal passenger company. Railways has different shares in companies - suburban transport operators, a number of other organizations in the industry.

On December 17, 2009, a new high-speed train went to the first commercial flight with passengers between Moscow and St. Petersburg - Siemens Velaro Rus ("Sapsan"). The minimum time on the way when traveling is 3 h 35 min. Russian Railways OJSC operates 20 tenantons "Sapsanov" (maximum speed - 250 km / h) and more than 60 EP20 and emergency electric locomotives, developing speed up to 200 km / h. Joint company Railways and Finnish Railways (VR Group) - Karelian Trains - PenDolino (Allegro, Maximum Speed \u200b\u200b220 km / h) belong to PENDOLINO.

Since 2013, Russian Railways have been exploited by Siemens Desiro Rus ("Swallow", the maximum speed is 160 km / h). They are used on MCC (passenger traffic at the Moscow railway ring was resumed after an 80-year break in 2016).

Statistics

According to Rosstat, the operational length of the railway tracks of common use in Russia as of 2016 amounted to 86 thousand 363.7 km, about 44 thousand km were electrified. In addition, about 60 thousand km of factory and office ways is adjacent to the public network. According to the results of 2016, Russian railway transport has transported 1 billion 325 million tons of cargo (by 4 million tons less than a year earlier). Transportation of passengers rose from 1 billion 26 million people to 1 billion 40 million people in 2016.

In total, about 1 million people are engaged in railway transport, of which Russian Railways are 774 thousand. Middle Salary in Russian Railways, according to the annual report of the company for 2016, - 46 thousand 852 rubles.

Regular high-speed movement (over 200 km / h) on line Moscow - St. Petersburg (645 km).

Among the main development projects is to expand the capacity of the Trans-Siberian and Baikal Amur Railways, the development of the Moscow railway site, including the passenger traffic on the MCC, the development of the high-speed communication, the railway infrastructure of Siberia and the Far East.

In August 2017, a movement was opened along the railway line between the crane (Voronezh region) and Millerovo (Rostov region) on the Moscow-Adler route bypassing the territory of Ukraine.